PASSIVE SPLIT HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM
A heat exchanger for exchanging heat between an inside airstream flowing within an interior of a building structure and an outdoor airstream flowing outside of the interior of the building structure includes a heat pipe system comprising a refrigerant. A first heat pipe assembly is installed within the interior of the building structure such that heat is transferrable between the first heat pipe assembly and the inside airstream flowing within the interior of the building structure. A second heat pipe assembly is installed outside of the interior of the building structure such that heat is transferrable between the second heat pipe assembly and the outside airstream flowing outside of the interior of the building structure. The heat pipe system is configured such that the inside airstream remains within the interior of the building structure and the outside airstream remains outside of the interior of the building structure.
This disclosure generally relates to a split heat recovery system, and more particularly to condenser module for a split heat recovery system.
BACKGROUNDHeat exchangers can be used in climate control systems to transfer heat between warm and cool air streams. For example, a heat exchanger can be used to provide heat recovery between warm and cool air streams flowing through two different ducts (e.g., exhaust and supply) of the system. Split heat recovery systems are used where the two air streams are not in close proximity and therefore a single side-by-side heat exchanger cannot be positioned to encounter both air streams.
Passive heat exchangers such as heat pipe systems are not typically controlled in a fine-tuned manner to adjust the amount of heat exchange provided. Rather, when a ventilation system is designed, the passive characteristics of a heat pipe system are chosen to provide the desired amount of heat exchange for a system.
Data centers are buildings used to house computer systems. Data centers consume large amounts of power and as a result produce large amounts of heat. Referring to
In one aspect, a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between an inside airstream flowing within an interior of a building structure and an outdoor airstream flowing outside of the interior of the building structure generally comprises a heat pipe system comprising a refrigerant. The heat pipe system including a first heat pipe assembly and a second heat pipe assembly fluidly connected to the first heat pipe assembly such that the refrigerant can flow through the heat pipe system between the first heat pipe assembly and the second heat pipe assembly. The first heat pipe assembly is installed within the interior of the building structure such that heat is transferrable between the first heat pipe assembly and the inside airstream flowing within the interior of the building structure. The second heat pipe assembly is installed outside of the interior of the building structure such that heat is transferrable between the second heat pipe assembly and the outside airstream flowing outside of the interior of the building structure. The heat pipe system is configured such that the inside airstream remains within the interior of the building structure and the outside airstream remains outside of the interior of the building structure.
In another aspect, a condenser module for exchanging heat between an outdoor airstream flowing outside of an interior of a building structure generally comprises a housing configured to be mounted on a top of the building structure. A heat pipe assembly is disposed in the housing. The heat pipe assembly is configured for fluid connection to a heat pipe assembly disposed in the interior of the building such that a refrigerant can flow between the heat pipe assembly disposed in the housing and the heat pipe assembly disposed in the interior of the building. The heat pipe assembly disposed in the housing is configured to transfer heat to the outside airstream flowing outside of the interior of the building structure when the heat pipe assembly disposed in the housing is fluidly connected to the heat pipe assembly disposed in the interior of the building. The condenser module is free of any valves, compressors, or pumps for facilitating heat exchange.
In still another aspect, a condenser module for exchanging heat between an outdoor airstream flowing outside of an interior of a building structure generally comprises a housing configured to be mounted on a top of the building structure. A heat pipe assembly is disposed in the housing. The heat pipe assembly is configured for fluid connection to a heat pipe assembly disposed in the interior of the building such that a refrigerant can flow between the heat pipe assembly disposed in the housing and the heat pipe assembly disposed in the interior of the building. The heat pipe assembly disposed in the housing is configured to transfer heat to the outside airstream flowing outside of the interior of the building structure when the heat pipe assembly disposed in the housing is fluidly connected to the heat pipe assembly disposed in the interior of the building. The heat pipe assembly comprises a top header, a bottom header, and a plurality of heat pipes extending vertically to provide fluid communication between the top header and the bottom header.
Other aspects will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONReferring to
Referring to
Each of the heat pipe subassemblies 14, 16 comprises a top header 20, a bottom header 22, and a plurality of heat pipes 24 that extend vertically between the top and bottom headers. The heat pipes 24 provide fluid communication between the respective top header 20 and the respective bottom header 22. Other configurations are also possible without departing from the scope of the invention. Each of the top and bottom headers 20, 22 can comprise a manifold having a main passage that is fluidly coupled to each of the heat pipes 24. The top and bottom headers 20, 22 may be located inside or outside of the respective airflow structures ID, 18. In the illustrated embodiment, the headers 20, 22 are located inside of the respective airflow structures ID, 18. In one or more embodiments, the top header 20 has a cross-sectional dimension (i.e., height) of at least 3 inches (7.6 cm). In one or more embodiments, the cross-sectional dimension of the top header 20 is greater than 3 inches (7.6 cm). The top header 20 could still have other dimensions without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
The vertical heat pipes 24 individually and collectively comprise heat pipe portions received in the respective airflow structure ID, 18. In one or more embodiments, the vertical heat pipes 24 extend along an entirety of a height of the respective structure ID, 18 and are spaced apart along a width of the respective duct. Two or more heat pipe subassemblies can also be vertically stacked inside the airflow structure ID, 18 in some embodiments. In certain embodiments, the vertical heat pipes 24 have a height that is greater than about 36 inches (about 91 cm), such as greater than about 40 inches (about 102 cm), greater than about 45 inches (about 114 cm), greater than about 50 inches (about 127 cm), greater than about 55 inches (about 140 cm), greater than about 60 inches (about 152.4 cm), greater than about 65 inches (about 165 cm), greater than about 70 inches (about 178 cm), about 75 inches (about 191 cm), etc. The heat pipes can also have other heights in one or more embodiments. In certain embodiments, each heat pipe 24 can have cross-sectional dimension (i.e., diameter) of between about ¼ inch (0.6 cm) and about ¾ inch (1.9 cm). In one or more embodiments, each heat pipe 24 has a diameter of at least about ¼ inches (0.6 inches). In one or more embodiments, each heat pipe 24 has a diameter of about ½ inches (1.3 inches). Accordingly, the air streams IS, OS can flow through gaps between the heat pipes 24 as they flow through the respective airflow structures ID, 18. Referring to
The heat pipe system 12 is charged with a refrigerant that is suitable for the temperature range of the climate control system in which the heat exchanger 10 is installed. Referring again to
As will be explained in further detail below, the heat pipe system 12 is configured so that the inside heat pipe subassembly 14 functions as an evaporator (e.g., an evaporator heat pipe subassembly) that is configured to evaporate liquid refrigerant while the outside heat pipe subassembly 16 functions as a condenser (e.g., a condenser heat pipe subassembly) that is configured to condense refrigerant vapor. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the heat pipe system 12 is configured to transfer heat from the warmer of the air streams IS to the cooler of the air streams OS as the refrigerant in the heat pipe system 12 flows between the evaporator heat pipe subassembly 14 and the condenser heat pipe subassembly 16. In instances such as when the heat pipe system 12 is installed in a data center, heat from the warm air stream IS is absorbed by evaporation of the refrigerant in the evaporator heat pipe subassembly 14, thereby cooling the warm air stream and warming the refrigerant. The warm, evaporated refrigerant flows through the top header 20 of the evaporator heat pipe subassembly 14 and through the vapor conduit 30 to the condenser heat pipe subassembly 16. In the condenser heat pipe subassembly 16, the cool air stream OS flows along the heat pipes 24 and condenses the warm refrigerant vapor. Condensation of the refrigerant transfers heat to the cool air stream OS, thereby warming the air stream and cooling the refrigerant. The cool, condensed refrigerant flows along the liquid conduit 32 back to the evaporator heat pipe subassembly 14. This heat recovery cycle can, in certain embodiments, continue passively in a closed loop. This occurs in part because of the outside air being cooler than the inside air within the data center.
In the illustrated embodiment, the evaporator subassembly 14 is located below the condenser subassembly 16 so that at least a portion of the vapor conduit 30 and the liquid conduit 32 must each extend generally vertically or inclined to connect the subassemblies. Accordingly, in the illustrated heat pipe system 12, refrigerant flow between the subassemblies is gravity-assisted (e.g., by orienting the liquid conduit 32 to slope toward the evaporator subassembly 14). In the illustrated embodiment, the heat pipe system 12 is free of any valves, pump, or compressors to drive the refrigerant flow through the heat pipe system. Thus, the heat pipe system 12 is entirely passive. The larger size of the top header 20 facilitates passive operation of the system by preventing pressure drop across the header which could otherwise occur with a conventional smaller header size. This also produces a more reliable heat pipe system as there are less components which may be subject to failure or malfunction over time. However, a pump could be used in certain embodiments without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
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When introducing elements of the present invention or the preferred embodiment (s) thereof, the articles “a”, “an”, “the” and “said” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising”, “including” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.
In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained.
As various changes could be made in the above products and methods without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
Claims
1. A heat exchanger for exchanging heat between an inside airstream flowing within the interior of a building structure and an outdoor airstream flowing outside of the interior of the building structure, the heat exchanger comprising:
- a heat pipe system comprising a refrigerant, the heat pipe system including a first heat pipe assembly and a second heat pipe assembly fluidly connected to the first heat pipe assembly such that the refrigerant can flow through the heat pipe system between the first heat pipe assembly and the second heat pipe assembly, the first heat pipe assembly being installed within the interior of the building structure such that heat is transferrable between the first heat pipe assembly and the inside airstream flowing within the interior of the building structure, the second heat pipe assembly being installed outside of the interior of the building structure such that heat is transferrable between the second heat pipe assembly and the outside airstream flowing outside of the interior of the building structure;
- wherein the heat pipe system is configured such that the inside airstream remains within the interior of the building structure and the outside airstream remains outside of the interior of the building structure.
2. A heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, wherein each of the first and second heat pipe assemblies comprises a top header, a bottom header, and a plurality of heat pipes extending vertically to provide fluid communication between the respective top header and the respective bottom header.
3. A heat exchanger as set forth in claim 2, wherein the top header has a cross-sectional dimension of at least 3 inches (7.6 cm).
4. A heat exchanger as set forth in claim 3, wherein the cross-sectional dimension of the top header is greater than 3 inches (7.6 cm).
5. A heat exchanger as set forth in claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of heat pipes has a cross-sectional dimension of at least about ¼ inch (0.6 cm).
6. A heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, wherein the second heat pipe assembly is installed in a housing mounted on top of the building structure.
7. A heat exchanger as set forth in claim 6, further comprising as least one fan mounted on the housing for drawing the outside airstream into the housing for transferring heat between the second heat pipe assembly and the outside airstream.
8. A heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is free of any valves, compressors, or pumps for facilitating heat exchange whereby the heat exchanger is a passive heat exchanger.
9. A heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, wherein the heat pipe system comprises a split heat exchanger.
10. A heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, in combination with the building structure, wherein the building structure comprises a data center configured to house computer systems.
11. A condenser module for exchanging heat between an outdoor airstream flowing outside of an interior of a building structure, the condenser module comprising:
- a housing configured to be mounted on a top of the building structure; and
- a heat pipe assembly disposed in the housing, the heat pipe assembly being configured for fluid connection to a heat pipe assembly disposed in the interior of the building such that a refrigerant can flow between the heat pipe assembly disposed in the housing and the heat pipe assembly disposed in the interior of the building, the heat pipe assembly disposed in the housing being configured to transfer heat to the outside airstream flowing outside of the interior of the building structure when the heat pipe assembly disposed in the housing is fluidly connected to the heat pipe assembly disposed in the interior of the building, the condenser module being free of any valves, compressors, or pumps for facilitating heat exchange.
12. A condenser module as set forth in claim 11, wherein the heat pipe assembly comprises a top header, a bottom header, and a plurality of heat pipes extending vertically to provide fluid communication between the top header and the bottom header.
13. A condenser module as set forth in claim 12, wherein the top header has a cross-sectional dimension of at least 3 inches (7.6 cm).
14. A condenser module as set forth in claim 13, wherein the cross-sectional dimension of the top header is greater than 3 inches (7.6 cm).
15. A condenser module as set forth in claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of heat pipes has a cross-sectional dimension of at least about ¼ inch (0.6 cm).
16. A condenser module as set forth in claim 11, wherein the heat pipe assembly in the housing comprises a first heat pipe assembly, the condenser module further comprising a second heat pipe assembly disposed in the housing, the second heat pipe assembly being arranged in parallel with the first heat pipe assembly.
17. A condenser module as set forth in claim 16, wherein each of the first and second heat pipe assemblies comprises a top header, a bottom header, and a plurality of heat pipes extending vertically to provide fluid communication between the respective top header and the respective bottom header.
18. A condenser module as set forth in claim 17, wherein each of the first and second heat pipe assemblies comprises a vapor conduit connected to the respective top header, and a liquid conduit connected to the respective bottom header, the vapor conduit of the first heat pipe assembly being connected to the vapor conduit of the second heat pipe assembly, and the liquid conduit of the first heat pipe assembly being connected to the liquid conduit of the second heat pipe assembly such that a single vapor conduit section and a single liquid conduit section extend from the housing for connection to the heat pipe assembly disposed in the interior of the building.
19. A condenser module for exchanging heat between an outdoor airstream flowing outside of an interior of a building structure, the condenser module comprising:
- a housing configured to be mounted on a top of the building structure; and
- a heat pipe assembly disposed in the housing, the heat pipe assembly being configured for fluid connection to a heat pipe assembly disposed in the interior of the building such that a refrigerant can flow between the heat pipe assembly disposed in the housing and the heat pipe assembly disposed in the interior of the building, the heat pipe assembly disposed in the housing being configured to transfer heat to the outside airstream flowing outside of the interior of the building structure when the heat pipe assembly disposed in the housing is fluidly connected to the heat pipe assembly disposed in the interior of the building, the heat pipe assembly comprising a top header, a bottom header, and a plurality of heat pipes extending vertically to provide fluid communication between the top header and the bottom header.
20. A condenser module as set forth in claim 19, wherein each of the plurality of heat pipes has a cross-sectional dimension of at least about ¼ inch (0.6 cm).
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 16, 2019
Publication Date: Mar 18, 2021
Inventors: Marcus D'Arcy (Spring Hill, FL), Onieluan Tamunobere (Apollo Beach, FL), Jared Smoot (Tampa, FL)
Application Number: 16/572,309