PREFABRICATED MODULAR SYSTEM FOR CONSTRUCTING A SUSTAINABLE DWELLING
The present invention is based on the construction of sustainable homes, which are built from the following structural elements or components: A foundation slab, some walls built from tongue-and-groove pieces or blocks, A mezzanine roof slab and/or roof terrace, an arrangement of a recirculating system that saves drinking water with temperature control; A water-saving recirculating system arrangement in showers.
This application is a national stage entry of PCT/MX2019/000075 filed Jun. 17, 2019 under the International Convention.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention belongs to the technical field of construction; more particularly, it belongs to the technical field of modular systems for sustainable dwelling construction.
BACKGROUNDPrefabricated homes today have a fairly high demand from people who need to build efficiently and with reduced operating times, they also have a great need to be affordable and family homes in different areas, whether rural or urban, the prefabricated house has the advantages, for example that the construction can be carried out throughout the year without the weather being a factor that prevents its advance, they are prefabricated in a production line in the factory with its respective assembly line, Greater building efficiency is achieved by being easy-to-assemble systems, allowing a man to perform more tasks in a day's work, construction execution time is reduced, a building is achieved with greater cleanliness and with minimal hidden defects, by The units being almost completely pre-finished from the factory, it is achieved that the partitions, doors, accessories, equipment and windows, among others, are and install precisely as there are no errors due to misalignments and/or collapses, the finishes are implemented more easily due to the precise alignment of the precast elements and it can also be mentioned that the building is more economical being that the typical factory salaries are substantially lower than field wages.
Each manufactured dwelling unit is typically built with a separate floor and roof. Therefore, when units are stacked on top of each other on site, the floor in an upper unit is placed on the ceiling of a lower unit. This results in excessive loading on the part of the structural joist members. This is different from conventional site construction that uses the same joist for both the upper floor and the lower ceiling between two modules.
Various designs for floor/ceiling units are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,886,962, 3,510,997, 3,724,141, 4,211,043 and 5,575,119. Each of these designs are basically hybrid panel construction methods; that is, the single-unit floor functions as the single-unit roof, as a standard construction on site builds multi-story structures. Someone can go to any construction site where a multi-story complex is being built. However, in such prior art designs, the floors and ceilings of the constructed dwelling units are not being finished, but on site. Therefore, these panel assemblies still require extensive on-site finishing, including wall and ceiling finishes, floor coverings, and installation of cabinets and accessories. Furthermore, most of these panels are constructed of concrete, a very difficult material to use for mass production.
However, because the modules are presumably shipped to site in standard flat-surface racks, the roof portion of the upper “U” cannot be finished, for example painting or tapping, until after the modules are erected. in the place. Consequently, since the roof must be finished on site, the degree of factory finish of the walls, floors, and fixtures is limited due to the roofs that were shipped and completed. Although this proposed construction method theoretically eliminates redundancy of wall and floor/ceiling materials, it does not account for.
The prior art references describe the use of vertical steel tubes in combination with the units to provide the load capacity. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,925,679 and 4,592,175 disclose tube assemblies that act primarily as reinforcing agents on the unit walls. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,927,498 and 5,755,062 disclose construction techniques where tubes are used. U.S. Pat. No. 4,470,227 makes use of an angle as a temporary exterior reinforcement.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,723,381 and 5,528,866 offer the use of exposed vertical structural steel members for the outer support of assemblies. However, such a construction method lacks the possibility of proposing external supports to practical considerations of aesthetics, exposure to elements, and code constraints.
Modular buildings of more than one story are generally erected by first establishing the integrated units both horizontally and vertically, and then constructing and connecting, corridors, and stairs. This progression of setting first priorities in corridors, corridors and staircases has the problem that the more units are used especially the more units are used the more stacked, the harder it will be to keep them plumb.
Thus, it can be seen that there is a need for a load bearing assembly that can accommodate the pressures of stacked units, thereby relieving the exterior walls of increased load, in accordance with most building and safety codes, as well as having hydraulic elements that allow it to have a differentiation with respect to what is already known, providing a home with characteristics different from those commercially known that provide comfort and confidence to the final buyer as well as to the people involved in the manufacturing process
OBJECT OF THE INVENTIONIt is therefore a main object of protection, a prefabricated modular system for constructing a sustainable dwelling characterized in that it is composed of a foundation slab, walls built from pieces or blocks of the tongue and groove type, a slab for a mezzanine ceiling and/or rooftop, an arrangement of a recirculating system that saves drinking water with temperature control; and a water-saving recirculatory system arrangement in showers; where the slab is made up of two main components defined by a precast base that in its internal part houses a portion of a support structure, where the precast base is preferably made of reinforced concrete, it has a globally rectangular cross section that in two Its ends have an L-shaped support slot configured so that the ends of the tablets rest on it and because the support structure is partially inside the precast base, and is made up of a plurality of bars of preferably circular cross-section where in the upper part a main bar is located in a horizontal arrangement, in the lower part of said main bar there is a plurality of pyramidal arrangements integrated each of these arrangements by at least four preferably cylindrical bars in triangular arrangement that at each of its lower ends are joined by electric welding preferably with a longitudinal tension arrangement that is composed of at least three bars of preferably circular cross-section in parallel to each other and that are interconnected by means of a preferably cylindrical connection bar and that is coupled in a perpendicular arrangement with respect to the axial axes of the bars that make up the longitudinal tension arrangement. The support structure is located within the precast base from an area proximal to the bottom of the pyramidal arrays to the bottom of the longitudinal tension array.
In
One foundation slab 100
Some walls built from pieces or blocks of the tongue and groove type 200
One slab for mezzanine and/or roof 300, 400, 500
A drinking water saving recirculating system arrangement for temperature-controlled showers; 600
A water-saving recirculating system arrangement in showers 700
Firstly, in
In
Block of a base tongue and groove type 210
Block of a coupled tongue 220
Two-tapped block base 230
Block of a coupled tongue 240
Primary three-tap block 250
Coupled three-tap block 260
Wherein the Block of a base tongue and groove type 210 is integrated by a structure made of concrete preferably and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces an insertion profile 211, which is integrated in turn by at least one pair of curved reliefs 212 that have a ridge in their middle part; In the upper part it has a extrusion 213 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a past drilling in its middle art, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a base tongue and groove type 210, while at the opposite end to the extrusion of tongue and groove 213 has a tongue insert cavity 214 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion 213 of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks.
The block of a coupled tongue 220 is integrated by a structure preferably made of concrete and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces a reception profile 221, which is integrated in turn by at least two U-shaped reliefs 222; In the upper part it has a extrusion 223 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a through hole in its middle part, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the Block of a base tongue 210, while at the end opposite the tongue extrusion 223 has a tongue insert cavity 224 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion 223 of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks.
Wherein the Block of two is integrated by a structure preferably made of concrete and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces an insertion profile 231, which is integrated in turn by at least one pair of curved reliefs 232 that have a ridge in their middle part; In the upper part it has two extrusions 233 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a past drilling in its middle art, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a tapped block base 230, while at the end opposite the tap extrusions 233 it has a tap insert cavity 234 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the site where the tongue-and-groove extrusion 233 of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks.
The block of two coupled tongue 240 is integrated by a structure made of concrete preferably and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces a reception profile 241, which is integrated in turn by at least two U-shaped reliefs 242; In the upper part it has two extrusions 243 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a through hole in its middle part, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a base tongue and groove type 210, while at the end opposite the tongue-and-groove extrusions 243 has a tongue-and-groove insert cavity 224 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where The tongue-and-groove extrusion 243 of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks.
Where the block of three primary three-tap block 250 is integrated by a structure preferably made of concrete and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces an insertion profile 251, which is integrated in turn by at least one pair of curved reliefs 252 that have a ridge in their middle part; In the upper part it has three extrusions 253 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a past drilling in its middle art, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a primary three-tap block 250, while at the opposite end of the tongue-and-groove extrusions 253 it has a tongue-and-groove insertion cavity 254 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion 253 of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks.
The coupled block of coupled three-tap block 260 is integrated by a structure made of concrete preferably and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces a receiving profile 261, which is integrated in turn by at least two U-shaped relief 262; In the upper part it has three extrusions 263 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a through hole in its middle part, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a coupled three-tap block 260, while at the opposite end to the tongue-and-groove extrusions 263 has three insertion cavities of tongue-and-groove 264 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where The tongue-and-groove extrusion 263 of the One-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks.
In one embodiment of the aforementioned blocks, these have through holes 280 in the axial axes that are coincident with the tongue and groove insertion cavities and the tongue-and-groove extrusions, this allows to give way to the electrical, hydraulic and sanitary installations 105 that the house requires for its correct operation, in each of these, also as shown in
In the same sense, and for the upper portion of the system, there is the coupling of upper lintel blocks 290 where they are mainly made of reinforced concrete and where they have a generally rectangular prismatic shape, which in their upper part have a plurality of connecting extrusions 291 wherein they have a circular shape; at each of their upper ends they have an insert bore 292 where it has a cylindrical shape that has a partial hollow inside that receives a lower extrusion 294 that is located on the opposite face from where the insertion profile 211 is connected,
For the portion of the roof of the structure, there are three types of slabs included, where the selection depends on the type of construction and the conditions of the work where it is carried out, firstly, there is a slab sectioned in T configured to be placed on the built-in tongue and groove type walls.
The slab 300 of the present invention is based on a precast slab with lightweight concretes, of a T-section configuration, to form a thermoacoustic slab 300 with standardized width dimensions, but with a variable length and depth, to conform to the specific needs of the building. The modality of slab 300 of the present invention solves avoiding the need to use falsework and/or shoring, being a slab simply supported where once positioned it is cast with concrete to form the compression layer together with the closing chains 318.
In
The inverted T section slab 400 forms a thermoacoustic slab, where a central beam 401 is seen, which is the main central structural element, the precast base 402 is seen, which contains an interior steel structure; so, itself, it has in its upper part some blocks of expanded polystyrene 407, which lighten the slab and provide it with thermoacoustic properties,
In
In a third embodiment of the slab, there is a modular arrangement of the joists type with tablets for the construction of a slab 500, which is generally composed of at least one pair of joists 501 that are arranged parallel to each other, and that in its middle part houses at least one pair of tablets 502 that form an arrangement of slabs.
Tablets 502 are made up of two main components, a main base 530 and an insulating cover 540; where the main base 530 preferably made of concrete, has a cross section of a generally rectangular shape and that at each of its ends locates an inverted L-shaped flange 531, which during the assembly of the modular system for construction 500 is interconnected with the support slot 511 of the precast base 510, on the upper face of the main base and perpendicular to the groove 511, the main base 530 has at least one pair of reinforcing projections 532 that are They have a truncated pyramidal shape where the smaller base of this interconnects with the upper face of the main base 530, while the insulating cover 540 preferably made of polystyrene, has a generally prismatic rectangular shape that in its lower part has the minus one pair of grooves 541 of truncated pyramidal cross section, which interconnects with the reinforcing projections 532 of the main base 530.
Derived from its layout and configuration, the modular construction system 500 has the ability to be assembled in combinations of n 502 tablets, having as an initial basis an arrangement of at least one pair of these, in this way it is possible to cover gaps of variable dimensions, In addition, there is no problem with the assemblies of the 502 tablets since they can be interconnected immediately without the need for greater care for the builder, since it can rest on the installed tablets to place the subsequent ones, increasing the installation speed, achieving a perfect alignment in the ceiling which allows the finishes to be only a thin layer of pasta or similar.
The roof slab 500 slab is a slab that provides thermo-acoustic properties, it is easy to install, light, and safe to walk on site prior to casting the compression layer and by having the 530 bases of the 502 tablets precast, the insertion of dowels is allowed in any area of the slab and its ceiling only requires a surface finish due to its perfect alignment.
By making the system com to fully store the water that was stagnant in the hot water pipes, and do not allow it to flow out of the 615 showerhead until it is at the desired temperature, it is avoided that it is spilled into the drains, achieving considerable savings in m3 of water consumption for toilet for each user.
It is illustrated how the line 608 travels to the hot water tap 611 which in the same way is first directed to the temperature control system 612 before being sent to the shower 615. For this case if the control system 612 detects that the water It is not yet at the desired temperature and indicated by the user through its display 618, it operates by opening the electro valve 613 and closes the electro valve 614, allowing the water flow to be directed through the outlet line of the water system. control 616 returning to cistern 601; If the control system 612 detects that the temperature is equal to or greater than that indicated on the display 618, the system closes the solenoid valve 613 and opens the solenoid valve 614, allowing the water to now flow into the showerhead 615, thereby avoiding the waste of it while it is heated. Instead of directing the water stored in the pipes to cistern 601, the system has the option of directing the water through line 616 to other areas for other purposes such as toilet tanks.
When the user opens the hot water faucet 711, the water begins to circulate through the hot water line 716 and tries to exit through the shower 710 when circulating through the combined water line 713; As soon as the temperature sensor 717 detects that the water is still cold, the control system 712 closes a solenoid valve inside it, preventing the water from flowing out of the showerhead 710 and at the same time sends a wireless signal to the recirculation pump 714; This pump makes the water flow recirculating inside the hot and cold water lines, preventing it from going out through the showerhead 710 and being wasted when being flushed down the drain. Once the sensor 717 detects the hot water, it sends a signal to the control system 712 causing it to activate the solenoid valve inside it and allow the hot water to flow through the combined water line 713 and out through the showerhead 710; simultaneously the control system 712 sends a wireless signal to the recirculation pump 714 to stop pumping.
The control system 712 contains an electromechanical system with a liter counter with a 719 digital display that shows the number of liters that are circulated through the 710 shower to make the user aware of the number of liters used in each shower; Likewise, a 720 digital display is shown that shows the temperature at which the system was programmed to activate recirculation. Also illustrated are both the wireless signal system 721 of the control system 712 and the wireless signal system 722 of the recirculation pump 714 whose function is to send the pumping on and/or off signal.
Finally, the presence sensor 718 is illustrated whose function is to prevent the passage of water through the showerhead 710 when the user goes out of range by stepping aside to lather or perform some other activity.
Considering the control module 730 is the one that is in charge of controlling the water circulation and that corresponds to 712 in
Considering the recirculation module 739, it is made up of a WIFI module 740 which receives the signal from the WIFI module 738 when the pump needs to be turned on, so that the detection of said signal is sent to the microcontroller 741 where it is processed and the signal corresponding to a power interface 742 is generated with which the pump 743 corresponding to the pump 714 of
In one mode, the microcontroller 731 is in communication with a presence sensor 734 by means of which the presence of a user under the shower is monitored and that when it is removed from it the solenoid valve is activated with which the flow of water in the shower is blocked until the presence of the user under the shower is again detected.
Claims
1. A prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction comprising:
- a foundation slab 100;
- walls built from pieces or blocks of the tongue-and-groove type 200;
- a slab for a mezzanine roof and/or roof 300, 400, 500;
- wherein said slab 500 is made up of two main components defined by a precast base 510 that in its internal part houses a portion of a support structure 520;
- wherein the precast base 510 is made of concrete and has a rectangular cross section that in two of its ends have an L-shaped support flange 511 configured so that the ends of tablets 502 rest on it;
- the support structure 520 is partially inside the precast base 510, and is composed of a plurality of bars of preferably circular cross-section where in an upper part a main bar 521 is located in a horizontal arrangement, in a lower part of said main bar 521 there is a plurality of pyramidal arrangements 522 integrated each of these arrangements by at least four bars in a triangular arrangement that at each of their lower ends are joined by electro welding with a longitudinal tension arrangement 523 that are at least three bars parallel to each other and which are interconnected by a connecting bar 524 and which is coupled in a perpendicular arrangement with respect to the axial axes of the bars that make up the longitudinal tension arrangement where the support structure 520 is located inside the precast base from an area proximal to the lower part of pyramid arrangements 5 22 to the bottom of the longitudinal tension arrangement 523;
- wherein the tablets 502 are made up of two main components, a main base 530 and an insulating cover 540; wherein the main base 530, has a globally rectangular cross-section and that at each of its ends locates an inverted L-shaped flange 531, which during the assembly of the modular system for construction 500 is interconnected with the support groove 511 of the precast base 510, on the upper face of the main base and perpendicular to the groove 511, the main base 530 has at least one pair of reinforcing projections 532 that are arranged in a truncated pyramidal shape in where the lower base of this interconnects with the upper face of the main base 530, while the insulating cover 540 preferably made of polystyrene, has a generally prismatic rectangular shape that in its lower part has at least one pair of grooves 541 of truncated pyramidal cross section, which interconnects with the reinforcing projections 532 of the main base 530;
- wherein the slab 500 is made up of a precast base 510 that in its internal part houses a portion of a support structure 520, where the precast base 510 is made of concrete, it has a rectangular cross section that in two of its ends has an L-shaped support flange 511 configured so that the ends of tablets 502 rest on it; the support structure 520 is partially inside the precast base 510, and is composed of a plurality of bars of preferably circular cross-section where in the upper part a main bar 521 is located in a horizontal arrangement, in the lower part of said main bar 521 there is a plurality of pyramidal arrangements 522 integrated each of these arrangements by at least four bars in a triangular arrangement that at each of their lower ends are joined by electro welding with a longitudinal tension arrangement 523 that are It consists of at least three bars parallel to each other and which are interconnected by means of a connecting bar 524 of preferably cylindrical shape and which is coupled in a perpendicular arrangement with respect to the axial axes of the bars that make up the longitudinal tension arrangement where the support structure 520 is located inside the precast base from an area proximal to the bottom of the pyramidal arrays 522 to the bottom of the longitudinal tension array 523 and where the tablets 502 are made up of two main components, a main base 530 and an insulating cover 540; wherein the main base 530, preferably made of concrete, has a globally rectangular cross-section and that at each of its ends locates an inverted L-shaped flange 531, which during the assembly of the modular system for construction 500 is interconnected with the support groove 511 of the precast base 510, on the upper face of the main base and perpendicular to the groove 511, the main base 530 has at least one pair of reinforcing projections 532 that are arranged in a truncated pyramidal shape in where the lower base of this interconnects with the upper face of the main base 530, while the insulating cover 540 preferably made of polystyrene, has a generally prismatic rectangular shape that in its lower part has at least one pair of grooves 541 of truncated pyramidal cross section, which interconnects with the reinforcing projections 532 of the main base 530.
2. The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with claim 1, wherein the system has an arrangement of a recirculating system that saves drinking water for showers with temperature control 600 and a provision of a recirculating system that saves water in showers 700.
3. The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with claim 1, wherein the foundation slab 100 is arranged on top of a substrate 2, which is leveled for the addition of the components that make up the structure, the foundation slab 100 is made up of a plurality of rods electro welded and interconnected with each other where a plurality of lower rods 101 arranged horizontally have their dwelling; In the upper part and through a series of interconnections and electro welding in a preferential way there are intermediate rods 102, which have a perpendicular arrangement with respect to the lower rods 101 and that in their upper part have an arrangement of upper rods 103 where they have a series of interlocks of similar characteristics to those available in the lower arrangement and that when closing the arrangement of the foundation slab form a plurality of cubic spacings that vary in size 2-6″ 5.08-12.324 cm, where the wire used for the construction of these meshes it is of high resistance Fy=6000 kg/cm2 that vary in height from 10×10 to 10×30 cm and the gauges are variable, and that in the periphery as well as in the delimitation of internal sections of the foundation slab 100 are it has the outlet of a vertical connecting and reinforcing rod 104, which has a preferably circular section and is arranged vertically; finally it has a dispersion of a concrete mix 3 to hide the foundation slab 100 that is on top of the substrate 2.
4. The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction according to claim 1, wherein:
- the tongue-and-groove type blocks 200 have a series of elements with different configurations where they can be located: a block of a base tongue and groove type 210, a block of a coupled tongue 220, a base two-tapped block base 230 a mated couple tongue 240, a primary three-tap block 250, and a coupled three-tap block 260 where the block of a base tongue and groove type 210 is integrated by a structure preferably made of concrete and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces an insertion profile 211, which is integrated in turn by the at least one pair of curved reliefs 212 that have a crest in their middle part; in the upper part it has a extrusion 213 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a past drilling in its middle art, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a base tongue and groove type 210, while at the opposite end to the extrusion of tongue and groove 213 has a tongue insert cavity 214 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion 213 of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks;
- wherein the block of a coupled tongue 220 is integrated by a structure preferably made of concrete and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces a receiving profile 221, which is integrated in turn by the least two U-shaped reliefs 222; in the upper part it has a extrusion 223 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a through hole in its middle part, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a base tongue and groove type 210, while at the end opposite the tongue extrusion 223 has a tongue insert cavity 224 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion 223 of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks;
- wherein the block of tapped block base 230 is integrated by a structure made of concrete and has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces an insertion profile 231, which is integrated in turn by at least one pair of curved reliefs 232 that have a crest in their middle part; In the upper part it has two extrusions 233 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a past drilling in its middle art, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the tapped block base 230, while at the end opposite the tongue extrusions 233 has a tongue insert cavity 234 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where The tongue-and-groove extrusion 233 of the block of a tongue-and-groove is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks;
- wherein the coupled block of two couple tongue 240 is integrated by a structure made of concrete and this has a quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces a reception profile 241, which is integrated in turn by the least two U-shaped reliefs 242; in the upper part it has two extrusions 243 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a through hole in its middle part, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a base tongue and groove type 210, while at the opposite end to the tongue-and-groove extrusions 243 it has a tongue-and-groove insertion cavity 224 which has a generally truncated conical shape, every time which is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion 243 of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks;
- wherein the block of primary three-tap block 250 is integrated by a structure made of concrete preferably and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces an insertion profile 251, which is integrated in turn by the except for a pair of curved reliefs 252 that have a crest in their middle part; In the upper part it has three extrusions 253 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a past drilling in its middle art, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a primary three-tap block 250, while at the opposite end of the tongue-and-groove extrusions 253 it has a tongue-and-groove insertion cavity 254 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion 253 of the one-tongue Block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks;
- wherein the coupled block of coupled three-tap block 260 is integrated by a structure preferably made of concrete and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces a reception profile 261, which is integrated in turn by the least two U-shaped relief 262; In the upper part it has three extrusions 263 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a through hole in its middle part, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a coupled three-tap block 260, while at the opposite end to the tongue-and-groove extrusions 263 has three insertion cavities of tongue-and-groove 264 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion 263 of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks.
5. The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction according to claim 1, wherein the tongue-and-groove blocks 200, these have through holes 280 in the axial axes that are coincident with the tongue-and-groove insertion cavities and the tongue-and-groove extrusions, that allow access to the electrical, hydraulic and sanitary installations 105 that the house requires for its correct operation, in each of these, the insertion of the connecting rods and vertical reinforcement 104, through holes 280;
- Wherein for easy access to specific areas of the electrical installation, there are installation blocks 260 where some of the blocks such as the three base 260 and three coupled connections 260, among others, contain inserted one, two and up to three 270E electrical registers that are coincident with one of the tongue-and-groove extrusions, there are, among others, the block of two base tongues 260, the block of coupled three-tap block 260 with an access window 270H that allows access to the hydraulic components that are arranged inside said blocks; and for the upper portion of the system, there is the coupling of upper lintel blocks 290 where these are mainly made of reinforced concrete and where they have a generally rectangular prismatic shape, which in their upper part have a plurality of connecting extrusions 291 wherein they have a circular shape; at each of their upper ends they have an insert bore 292 where it has a cylindrical shape that has a partial hollow inside that receives a lower extrusion 294 that is located on the opposite face from where the insertion profile 211 is connected, FIG. 10D shows how the upper lintel blocks 290 are accommodated in the door and window enclosures, as well as the lower lintel block 293.
6. The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with claim 1, wherein the slab 300 is composed of a precast slab with lightweight concrete, of a T-section configuration, to form a thermoacoustic slab 300 with width dimensions standardized, but with varying length and superelevation able, to fit the specific needs of the building where this slab 300 contains a female lateral lap 301 and a male lateral lap 302 that serve to longitudinally join several T-sections to form a single thermoacoustic slab, perforations 303 in the slab slopes that serve to allow the branching of the electrical and hydraulic networks, to lightening the slab and that are later covered with a piece of polystyrene in the lower part, thus achieving a finish without the need for plastered, to generating a vacuum to obtain thermal and acoustic properties; a cut 304 is also shown in the lower flanges for the insertion of the slab and a chain of enclosure of the work to be roofed.
7. The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with claim 1, wherein the inverted T-section slab 400 forms a thermoacoustic slab, where a central beam 401 is seen, which is the main central structural element, the precast base 402 containing an interior steel frame; Likewise, it has in its upper part some 407 expanded polystyrene blocks, which lighten the slab and provide it with thermoacoustic properties, it also has longitudinal tension steel rods 403, which are variable in their caliber and which are electro welded with the transverse rods 404 forming the electro welded base mesh; said base mesh is electro welded with the central zigzag ladder 405 and the upper longitudinal steel 406, which together make up the reinforcing steel of the central beam 401, where the steels used are grade 60 and the calibers of the longitudinal rods are variable adjusting to the structural needs of a specific work, there is also a 408 upper electro welded mesh to absorb deformations due to temperature changes, where in its upper part a compression layer casting is incorporated where when joining several sections of inverted T slab 400 in conjunction with the expanded polystyrene plates 407 that remain in the center, and the compression layer of the upper part with the electro welded mesh 408 with the closing chain 409, a slab of variable section is achieved according to the needs of a work, which provides thermal and acoustic properties in addition to having its precast base 402 does not require the use of false ceilings and because they are perfectly aligned only requires a paste-like finish on the ceiling.
8. The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with claim 1, wherein the hydraulic installation 600 is composed of a cistern 601 that houses water that is pumped to a tank 604 through the water filling line of the cistern to the water tank 603; a 602 water pump is generally used, where the water stored in tank 604 travels through the outlet line from tank 605 and is distributed to two channels, the tank line to heater 607 and the line from the tank. water tank to the cold water tap 609; to obtain water at the desired temperature through the shower 615, the cold water 610 and the hot water 611 taps are commonly opened, regulating the flow of both until the combination gives us a desired water temperature to avoid that the water is wasted as it comes out through the showerhead 615 at the desired temperature, the control system 612 installed in the hydraulic system, where the water coming from the heater 606 through the heater line to the hot tap 608 is first directed to the control system 612, where this temperature control system records the desired temperature indicated by the user through its display 618; if the water that is circulating through said control system 612, is not yet at a temperature equal to or greater than that indicated, the control system closes the solenoid valve 614 and opens the solenoid valve 613 directing the water through the line 616 to a water storage tank 617, preventing the same from traveling and leaving through the shower 615, preventing it from being wasted; once the temperature of the water circulating in the control system 612 is at a temperature equal to or greater than that indicated by the user, the solenoid valve 613 closes and the solenoid valve 614 opens, allowing the flow of water Now it is directed towards the shower 615 at the same time that this happens, an opening signal 620 is sent to the electro valve 619 of the storage tank 617, allowing it to empty releasing the water contained towards the shower 615 and thus be ready to go back to its storage function;
- Wherein the system stores the water it was stagnant in the hot water pipes, and do not allow it to flow out of the shower 615 until it is at the desired temperature, which prevents it from being spilled into the drains, achieving considerable savings in m3 of water consumption for cleaning by each user.
9. The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with claim 1, wherein the hydraulic installation 700 is stored in a cistern 701 and is pumped to a water tank 702 through the water filling line 703 from the cistern to the tank, using a water pump 704 where the water stored in tank 702 travels through outlet line 705 and is distributed to two branches, these being line 706 from tank to heater 707 and line 708 from tank to water tank. the cold water tap 709; and that to obtain water at the desired temperature, through the shower 710, the hot water tap 711 is opened first, and then the cold water tap 709, regulating the flow of both until the combination gives a water temperature desired; while the hot water reaches the showerhead 710 and to prevent it from being wasted, the control system 712 containing the showerhead 710 is schematized and is connected to the combined water line 713; said control system 712 activates, by a wireless signal, a circulatory pump 714; Finally, it also has a hot water line 716 and a check valve 715 that prevents the return of water to the tank 702.
10. The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with claim 1, wherein the hydraulic installation 700 where the hot water tap 711 at the time of opening, the water begins to circulate through the hot water line 716 and tries to exit through shower 710 when traveling through combined water line 713; as soon as the temperature sensor 717 detects that the water is still cold, the control system 712 closes a solenoid valve preventing the water from flowing out of the showerhead 710 and at the same time sends a wireless signal to the recirculation pump 714; the pump makes the water flow recirculating inside the hot and cold water lines, preventing it from going out through the showerhead 710 and being wasted when it is flushed down the drain and once the sensor 717 detects the hot water, it sends a signal to the water system, control 712 making it activate the solenoid valve inside it and allow the hot water to flow through the combined water line 713 and exit through the showerhead 710; simultaneously the control system 712 sends a wireless signal to the recirculation pump 714 to stop pumping.
11. The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with claim 1, wherein the hydraulic installation 700 in the control system 712 contains inside an electro-mechanical system with a liter counter with digital display 719 that shows the amount of liters that are circulated through the shower 710 as well as a digital display 720 that shows the temperature at which the system was programmed to activate recirculation, in the same sense it has a 721 wireless signal system of the control system 712 as the wireless signal system 722 of the recirculating pump 714 whose function is to send the pumping on and/or off signal as well as a presence sensor 718 whose function is to prevent the passage of water through the showerhead 710 when the user leaves the range or zone of falling water.
12. The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with claim 1, wherein the hydraulic installation 700 has a control module 730 that is in charge of controlling the water circulation and that corresponds to the control system 712, this module It is made up of a microcontroller that is in charge of processing the information received from the temperature sensor 733, which is sensor 17 and with which the value of the temperature of the water in the mixing pipe is received, which when detecting by means of sensor 735 that a user opens the taps 709 and 711 to bathe, then the microcontroller activates a solenoid valve that prevents the passage of water, immediately activating a WIFI module 738 by means of which an activation signal of the recirculation pump is sent 714, as already described above, when the temperature sensor detects that the water in the mixing pipe is at the correct temperature determined by the user, then the microcontroller 731 sends the signal to the WIFI module 738 to stop the recirculation pump and in turn deactivates the solenoid valve of the shower so that the flow of water leaves the shower in a normal way, taking into account the sensor data, and process The information received in the microcontroller 731 shows information regarding the water temperature through the control of the 737 display, which is responsible for displaying this information on the 720 display, while the amount of water consumption in liters It is shown by means of the display control 736, which is in charge of showing the information on water consumption on the display 719 of FIG. 38.
13. The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with claim 1, wherein the hydraulic installation 700 in its recirculation module 739, is made up of a WIFI module 740 which receives the signal from the WIFI module 738 when required turn on the pump, so the detection of said signal is sent to the microcontroller 741 where the signal corresponding to a power interface 742 is processed and generated with which the pump 743 corresponding to the pump 714 of the figure is turned on. 35, when the water in the mixing pipe reaches the set temperature, then the pump is turned off to keep the water flow normally.
14. The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with claim 1, wherein the hydraulic installation 700 which in one mode, the microcontroller 731 is in communication with a presence sensor 734 by the presence of a user under the shower and that when he leaves it the solenoid valve is activated with which the flow of water in the shower is blocked until the presence of the user is again detected under it.
15. The prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in accordance with claim 1, wherein the hydraulic installation 700 has stages where the control of the water-saving recirculation system in showers is carried out, in such a way that in the step 744, the microcontroller 731 detects the flow of water when a user opens the taps 709 and 711, this by means of the flow sensor 735, and to start the flow of water, then the microcontroller 731 by means of the temperature sensor 733 detects the water temperature in step 745 and compares it with the value determined by the user and if the temperature is not within the determined value, then the microcontroller activates a solenoid valve located in the shower to prevent the flow of water from leaving the shower, immediately sending a signal in step 746 to activate the water recirculation system, which is carried out by means of the water pump. circulation 714, making the water flow inside the same pipe, as already described, for later in step 747 it is verified if the temperature is already within the determined value, which in the event that it is not within the determined value, then it returns to step 745 to continue detecting the water temperature and maintain the recirculation of the water within the same pipe, in the case that in 747 the value of the water temperature is determined that is equal to the determined value, then the recirculation pump is deactivated in step 748 and the shower solenoid valve is deactivated so that the flow of hot water flows through it.
16. A slab 500 made up of a precast base 510 that in its internal part houses a portion of a support structure 520, where the precast base 510 is made of concrete, has a rectangular cross section that at two of its ends It has an L-shaped support eyebrow 511 configured so that the ends of some tablets 502 rest on it; the support structure 520 is partially inside the precast base 510, and is composed of a plurality of bars of preferably circular cross-section where a main bar 521 is located in a horizontal arrangement, in the lower part of said main bar 521 there is a plurality of pyramidal arrangements 522 integrated each of these arrangements by at least four bars in a triangular arrangement that at each of their lower ends are joined by electrowelding with a longitudinal tension arrangement 523 that are It consists of at least three bars parallel to each other and which are interconnected by a connecting bar 524 of preferably cylindrical shape and which is coupled in a perpendicular arrangement with respect to the axial axes of the bars that make up the longitudinal tension arrangement where the support structure 520 is located inside the precast base from an area proximal to the a lower part of the pyramidal arrangements 522 to the lower part of the longitudinal tension arrangement 523 and where the tablets 502 are made up of two main components, a main base 530 and an insulating cover 540; wherein the main base 530 preferably made of concrete;
- wherein the slab has a globally rectangular cross-section and at each of its ends an inverted L-shaped flange 531 is located, which during the assembly of the modular construction system 500 is interconnected with the support slot 511 of the precast base 510. On the upper face of the main base and perpendicular to the groove 511, the main base 530 has at least one pair of reinforcing projections 532 that are arranged in a truncated pyramidal shape where the smaller base of this interconnects with the face. upper part of the main base 530, while the insulating cover 540 preferably made of polystyrene, has a generally rectangular prismatic shape that in its lower part has at least one pair of grooves 541 of pyramidal cross section.
Type: Application
Filed: Jun 17, 2019
Publication Date: Jun 2, 2022
Inventor: Omar Leonardo Badin Cherit (Puebla)
Application Number: 17/616,978