NON-ISOLATED POWER MODULE WITH USER ADJUSTABLE PASS-THROUGH MODE
A power converter with a voltage-modulating circuit, a controller, and a sensing circuit. The controller controls switches of a voltage-modulating circuit to provide a level of an output voltage (VOUT) based on an operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit and a voltage measurement provided by the sensing circuit. The operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit can be pass-through mode or voltage-modulating. The sensing circuit includes one or more externally programmable connectors configured to determine one or more boundaries of an output voltage window. In the pass-through mode, a level of VOUT will be provided without switching any of the switches when a level of an input voltage (VIN) falls within the output voltage window. In the voltage-modulating mode, a level of VOUT will be provided by switching one or more of the switches when the level of VIN falls outside of the output voltage window having only one boundary.
Novel aspects of the present disclosure relate to power converters, and more particularly, to an improved power converter with a high-efficiency pass-through mode.
BackgroundPower converters are devices that convert an input voltage to a different voltage. For example, a DC-DC converter converts a direct current input voltage to a different direct current output voltage. When the desired output voltage is higher than the input voltage, then the DC-DC converter is a colloquially termed a “boost converter” or “step-up” converter. An example of a conventional boost converter circuit is provided in
Boost converters and buck converters can be combined to form a buck-boost converter for controlling an output voltage. An exemplary buck-boost converter is depicted in
Novel aspects of the present invention are directed to a power converter that includes a voltage-modulating circuit that comprises one or more switches, the voltage-modulating circuit configured to receive an input voltage and provide an output voltage. The power converter also includes a controller coupled to the voltage-modulating circuit. The controller is configured to selectively drive the one or more switches to control a level of the output voltage based on the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit. The power converter also includes a sensing circuit connected to the voltage-modulating circuit and the controller. The sensing circuit comprises one or more externally programmable connectors configured to determine one or more boundaries of an output voltage window for operating the voltage-modulating circuit. When the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a pass-through mode and a voltage measurement indicates that a level of the input voltage is within the output voltage window having an upper boundary and a lower boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to correspond with the level of the input voltage without switching the one or more switches. When the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in a voltage-modulating mode and the voltage measurement indicates that the level of the input voltage is outside of the output voltage window having only one boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to differ from the level of the input voltage by switching the one or more switches.
In another embodiment, novel aspects of the present invention are directed to an apparatus that includes a current-drawing load configured to receive an output voltage, the current-drawing load connected to a power converter that includes a voltage-modulating circuit that comprises one or more switches. The voltage-modulating circuit is configured to receive an input voltage and provide the output voltage to the current-drawing load. The power converter also includes a controller coupled to the voltage-modulating circuit. The controller is configured to selectively drive the one or more switches to control a level of the output voltage based on the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit. The power converter also includes a sensing circuit connected to the voltage-modulating circuit and the controller. The sensing circuit comprises one or more externally programmable connectors configured to determine one or more boundaries of an output voltage window for operating the voltage-modulating circuit. When the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a pass-through mode and a voltage measurement indicates that a level of the input voltage is within the output voltage window, having an upper boundary and a lower boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to correspond with the level of the input voltage without switching the one or more switches. When the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in a voltage-modulating mode and the voltage measurement indicates that the level of the input voltage is outside of the output voltage window having only one boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to differ from the level of the input voltage by switching the one or more switches.
In yet another embodiment, novel aspects of the present invention are directed to a method for operating a power convener that can operate in a novel pass-through mode, the power converter including a voltage-modulating circuit configured to receive an input voltage and provide an output voltage, a sensing circuit configured to measure a voltage of the voltage-modulating circuit, and a controller configured to selectively drive one or more switches of the voltage-modulating circuit based on the voltage measurement. The method includes the steps of determining, by the controller, an operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit; receiving, by one or more externally programmable connectors of the sensing circuit, a selection of one or more boundaries for an output voltage window for operating the voltage-modulating circuit; and obtaining, with the sensing circuit, the voltage measurement. Responsive to determining that the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a pass-through mode and the voltage measurement indicates that a level of the input voltage is within the output voltage window having an upper boundary and a lower boundary, controlling, with the controller, a level of the output voltage to correspond with a level of the input voltage without switching the one or more switches; and responsive to determining that the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a voltage-modulating mode and the voltage measurement indicates that the level of the input voltage is outside the output voltage window having only one boundary, controlling, with the controller, the level of the output voltage to differ from the level of the input voltage by switching the one or more switches.
Other aspects, embodiments, and features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying figures. In the figures, each identical, or substantially similar component that is illustrated in various figures is represented by a single numeral or notation. For purposes of clarity, not every component is labeled in every figure. Nor is every component of each embodiment of the invention shown where illustration is not necessary to allow those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention.
The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying figures, wherein:
For a more thorough understanding of the novel aspects of the present disclosure, a brief discussion of conventional buck-boost converters will be presented with particular reference to
The exemplary buck-boost converter circuit 300 in
In the transition mode, the buck circuit 302 and the boost circuit 308 operate in alternating fashion to step up and step-down VIN when the level of VOUT is maintained within the range close to the level of VIN. While the operation of a conventional buck-boost converter can produce the desired level of VOUT, the continual operation of both the boost circuit 308 and buck circuit 302 during the transition mode 406 results in power losses and inefficiencies. An example of the efficiencies of the buck-boost converter circuit 300 in each of the various operating modes is discussed in more detail in the figure that follows.
In many practical applications, the buck-boost converter circuit 300 is only required to operate for short, transient time intervals because the input power supply's operating point may be close enough to the output load's voltage requirement such that a power converter is unnecessary except during the transient intervals. In these cases, the level of VIN and VOUT are close enough that the buck-boost converter circuit 300 is operating in the transition mode for the majority of its operating life, resulting in higher cost and lower efficiency and lower reliability. Accordingly, novel aspects of this present disclosure are directed to an improved voltage-modulating circuit configured with a pass-through mode during the transition mode, which reduces power loss and cost, and increases reliability and efficiency during the majority of its operating life. When the voltage-modulating circuit is operating in the pass-through mode, the level of VIN and VOUT are approximately equal and level of VOUT is not regulated by a switching converter, i.e., in the absence of switching.
Other novel aspects of the present disclosure provide the ability for customers to customize a power converter that is specific to the customer's desired application. Power modules are conventionally designed for the general market because they are employed in a broad array of applications and with numerous load types. However, some loads, such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), require extremely tight control of the power module's output voltage so that operation in pass-through mode is impractical. Other loads, such as downstream point-of-load converters, may be able to accommodate a wider voltage tolerance and can run almost exclusively in pass-through mode. Other load types may benefit from running in pass-through mode, but over a particular fixed range. Thus, the provision of a power module with customizable fixed-range pass-through mode as described in the various embodiments disclosed herein, allows designers to provide power converters that adequately address the various use cases without the need for carrying a large lineup of power converter modules.
While a conventional buck-boost converter can provide a desired level of the output voltage, both the boost converter circuit and the buck converter circuit experience power losses by their constant switching. A pass-through mode, as described in one or more embodiments of the novel voltage-modulating device of the present disclosure, increases efficiency and decreases power losses by refraining from the constant switching during the transition mode. Before a detailed discussion of the improved voltage-modulating device, a brief discussion of conventional buck voltage regulators and boost voltage regulators, which utilize buck voltage circuits and boost voltage circuits, respectively, will be provided for some helpful context.
The controller 604 controls operation of the set of switches S1 612 and S3 614 to provide a level of VOUT 610 based on a level of VIN 608. For example, the controller 604 detects a level of VOUT 610 through sensing circuit 606 and then adjusts the duty cycle of switches S1 612 and S3 614 to maintain the desired level of VOUT 610. In one embodiment, the level of VOUT 610 can be set by injecting current into the VOUT adjust pin 616 or by drawing current from the VOUT adjust pin 616. Adjustment of the setpoint of the buck converter 600 can be achieved by a resistor strap RS1 618a added between the VOUT adjust pin 616 and ground or by a resistor strap RS2 618b between the VOUT adjust pin 616 and VOUT pin 618.
The buck converter 600 decreases the level of VOUT 610. If the sensing circuit 606 is configured with an output voltage setpoint that is higher than the level of VIN 608, then the control loop will saturate and controller 604 attempts to turn switch S1 612 ON continuously until the level of VOUT 610 has dropped below the output voltage setpoint of the sensing circuit 606. Conventional buck voltage regulator 600 is often incapable of turning S1 612 ON with a 100% duty cycle, which is needed for a pass-through mode of operation.
The controller 704 controls operation of the set of switches S2 712 and S4 714 to provide a level of VOUT 710 based on a level of VIN 708. For example, the controller 704 detects a level of VOUT 710 through sensing circuit 706 and then adjusts the duty cycle of switches S2 712 and S4 714 to maintain the desired level of VOUT 710. In one embodiment, the level of VOUT 710 can be set by injecting current into the VOUT adjust pin 716 or by drawing current from the VOUT adjust pin 716. Adjustment of the level of VOUT 710 can be achieved by a resistor strap RS1 718a added between the VOUT adjust pin 716 and ground or by a resistor strap RS2 718b between the VOUT adjust pin 716 and VOUT pin 718.
The boost converter 700 increases a level of VOUT 710. If the sensing circuit 706 is configured with an output voltage setpoint that is lower than the level of VIN 708, the control loop will saturate and the controller 704 attempts to turn switch S4 714 ON continuously until the level of VOUT 710 has risen above the output voltage setpoint of the sensing circuit 706. Conventional boost voltage regulator 700 is often incapable of turning S4 714 ON with a 100% duty cycle, which is needed for a pass-through mode of operation.
Power converter 800 includes a voltage-modulating circuit 802 connected to a controller 804 and a sensing circuit 806. Generally, the voltage-modulating circuit 802, which is depicted as a buck-boost converter circuit in this non-limiting example, receives VIN 808 and the controller 804 controls the operation of the voltage-modulating circuit 802 to provide VOUT 810 at a level that is based on a voltage measurement provided by the sensing circuit 806 and an operating mode defined by a configuration of the sensing circuit 806. In one embodiment, the voltage measurement is of VOUT 810 and the operational mode is one of pass-through mode or a voltage-modulating mode. The sensing circuit 806 is also configured to set the boundaries of the output voltage window that determines the voltage bandwidth of the transition mode when the voltage-modulating circuit 802 is operating in the pass-through mode.
In this illustrative example, the voltage-modulating circuit 802 is generally formed from a buck converter circuit 802a connected to a boost converter circuit 802b by a shared inductor L1 812, e.g., a first pair of switches S1 814 and S3 816 connected to a second set of switches S2 818 and S4 820 by a shared inductor 812. The controller 804 is configured to selectively drive one or more of the set of switches S1 814, switch S2 818, switch S3 816, and switch S4 820 to control a level of VOUT 810 based in part on an operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit 802. As used herein, the “a set” means one or more. Thus, a set of switches can mean one switch or two or more switches.
The sensing circuit 806 includes a boost voltage sensing circuit 806a and buck voltage sensing circuit 806b coupled to the output pin PIN7 822 to measure the level of VOUT 810. The sensing circuit 806 also includes a set of externally programmable connectors 824 that can be accessed and utilized by a user without the need to physically contact the internal circuitry of the power converter 800 or the electronic device in which the power converter 800 is utilized. For example, in one embodiment the set of externally programmable connectors includes two connectors, each of which can receive a circuit element, such as a resistor or wire, without the need to directly contact or modify the internal circuitry.
In this example in
In the absence of the electrical connection 826 between the first adjustment pin 824a and the second adjustment pin 824b, the voltage-modulating circuit 802 is configured to operate in a pass-through mode based on the size of the output voltage window determined by the programmable circuit elements connected to the first adjustment pin 824a and the second adjustment pin 824b. For example, in one embodiment, the first adjustment pin 824a is configured to receive a resistor strap RS1 828a having a first resistance to set the first boundary of the output voltage window and the second adjustment pin 824b configured to receive a resistor strap RS2 828b having a second resistance. In an embodiment where the resistance of R10=R13, R12=R15, and R11=R14, and where the first resistance of RS1 828a differs from the second resistance of RS2 828b, then a voltage window is formed with boundaries based on the differences in the first resistance and the second resistance. In other embodiments where the boost sensing circuit 806a is dissimilar from the buck sensing circuit 806b, skilled artisans would know how programmable circuit elements coupled with the adjustment pins 824 could be used to create setpoints, i.e., boundaries, which define the size the output voltage window.
While operating in pass-through mode, VIN 808 rises from 0V to the under voltage lockout threshold where the power converter 800 becomes energized. The controller 804 receives voltage measurements from the buck voltage sensing circuit 806b indicating that VOUT 810 is too low, causing controller 804 to turn switch S1 814 ON, i.e., at 100% duty cycle, while leaving switch S3 816 OFF, i.e., at a 0% duty cycle. The controller 804 also receives voltage measurements from the boost voltage sensing circuit 806a indicating that VOUT 810 is too low, which causes controller 804 to begin switching switches S2 818 and S4 820 with an appropriate duty cycle, i.e., greater than 0% and less than 100%, to achieve the desired level of VOUT 810 commanded by the feedback from the boost voltage sensing circuit 806a.
As a level of VIN 808 continues to rise past the lower boundary of the output voltage window, i.e., the setpoint of the boost converter circuit, the voltage-modulating circuit 802 enters into the transition mode. The controller 804 receives a voltage measurement from the boost voltage sensing circuit 806a indicating that a level of VOUT 810 is too high, which causes the controller 804 to switch S2 818 OFF and switch S4 820 ON, i.e., to cause the boost converter circuit to enter a zero-duty cycle mode. The controller 804 also receives a voltage measurement from the buck voltage sensing circuit 806b indicating that the level of VOUT 810 is still too low, causing the controller 804 to maintain S1 814 ON while leaving switch S3 816 OFF. While the level of VIN 808 is between the lower boundary and the upper boundary of the output voltage window, i.e., the setpoint of the buck converter circuit, the voltage-modulating circuit 802 remains in the transition mode, causing the power converter 800 to operate in the pass-through mode. Thus, when operating in a pass-through mode, switches S1 814 and S4 820 are held ON, i.e., 100% duty cycle, while switches S2 818 and S3 816 are held OFF, i.e., 0% duty cycle. In pass-through mode, there is no switching of switches S1 814, S2 818, S3 816, and S4 820 so all switching losses are conserved and the switching ripple currents are eliminated. Instead of being a switching power converter, VIN 808 is connected to the output PIN7 822 through a low pass noise filter formed by L1 812 and capacitor COUT 830, creating a reduced noise operating state. The losses in the circuit become minimal-mainly from the conduction losses in switch S1 814, S4 820, and inductor L1 812.
Thus, when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit 802 is a pass-through mode and a voltage measurement indicates that a level of VIN 808 is within the output voltage window having an upper boundary and a lower boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit 802 is configured to control the level of VOUT 810 to correspond with the level of VIN 808 without switching the one or more switches S1 814, S2 818, S3 816, and S4 820. When the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit 802 is in a voltage-modulating mode and the voltage measurement indicates that the level of VIN 808 is outside of the output voltage window having only one boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit 802 is configured to control the level of VOUT 810 to differ from the level of VIN 808 by switching the one or more switches S1 814, S2 818, S3 816, and S4 820.
As the level of VIN 808 continues to rise past the upper boundary of the output voltage window, the controller 804 receives a voltage measurement from the buck voltage sensing circuit 806b indicating that a level of VOUT 810 is too high, which causes the controller 804 to begin switching switches S1 814 and S3 816 at an appropriate duty cycle, i.e., greater than 0% and less than 100%, to achieve the desired level of VOUT 810 commanded by the feedback from the buck voltage sensing circuit 806b,
In a non-limiting embodiment, the first boundary 910 and the secondary boundary 912 are established by the adjustment pins 824 in
While the embodiment described in
The voltage-modulating circuit 1002 is analogous to voltage-modulating circuit 802 in
The operating mode of the voltage-modulating circuit 1002 is defined by a mode selection bit 1018 that can be obtained by the controller 1004 via the communications bus 1012.
Apparatus 1100 is a powered electronic device, examples of which include telecommunications devices, electric vehicles, medical devices, and computing devices. The power converter 1102 can be programmed by a customer with specific boundaries for an output voltage window that defines the voltages at which the improved power converter 1102 operates in pass-through mode. Alternatively, the power converter 1102 can be programmed by a customer to eliminate pass-through mode operation, as described in
Flowchart 1200 begins at step 1202 by determining an operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit. The operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit can be determined by a controller. In an embodiment utilizing analog programming, the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is determined to be the pass-through mode based on an absence of an electrical connection between the first adjustment pin and the second adjustment pin, and the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is determined to be in the voltage-modulating mode based on a presence of the electrical connection between the first adjustment pin and the second adjustment pin. In an embodiment utilizing digital programming, the operational mode is determined to be in the pass-through mode based on a detection of a first value of a mode selection bit corresponding to the pass-through mode, and the operational mode is determined to be in the voltage-modulating mode based on a detection of a second value of the mode selection bit corresponding to the voltage-modulating mode.
In Step 1204 a selection of one or more boundaries for an output voltage window for operating the voltage-modulating circuit is received by one or more externally programmable connectors of the sensing circuit. In the embodiment utilizing analog programming, the one or more boundaries for the output voltage window is received by the first adjustment pin receiving a first resistor strap having a first resistance, and by the second adjustment pin receiving a second resistor strap having a second resistance that differs from the first resistance. In the embodiment utilizing digital programming, the power converter includes a communication bus configured to receive a first voltage value and a second voltage value that determine the one or more boundaries of the output voltage window, and the sensing circuit is an analog-to-digital converter, the selection of the one or more boundaries of the output voltage window includes storing the first voltage value in a first register of the set of externally programmable connectors and storing the second voltage value in a second register of the set of externally programmable connectors.
In Step 1206, the voltage measurement is obtained by the sensing circuit. In the embodiment that utilizes analog programming, the voltage measurement is obtained by measuring, with the boost voltage sensing circuit and the buck voltage sensing circuit, the output voltage. In the embodiment that utilizes digital programming, the voltage measurement is obtained by measuring, with an analog-to-digital converter, the output voltage.
Flowchart 1200 proceeds from Step 1206 to Step 1208 responsive to determining that the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a pass-through mode, and the voltage measurement indicates that a level of the input voltage is within the output voltage window having an upper boundary and a lower boundary, where a level of the output voltage is controlled to correspond with a level of the input voltage without switching the one or more switches.
Flowchart 1200 proceeds from Step 1206 to Step 1210 responsive to determining that the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a voltage-modulating mode, and the voltage measurement indicates that the level of the input voltage is outside the output voltage window having only one boundary, where a level of the output voltage is controlled to differ from the level of the input voltage by switching the one or more switches.
Additional EmbodimentsThe following descriptive embodiments are offered in further support of the disclosed invention:
In a first embodiment, novel aspects of the present disclosure are directed to an improved power converter comprising a voltage-modulating circuit that comprises one or more switches, the voltage-modulating circuit configured to receive an input voltage and provide an output voltage; a controller coupled to the voltage-modulating circuit, wherein the controller is configured to selectively drive the one or more switches to control a level of the output voltage based on the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit; and a sensing circuit connected to the voltage-modulating circuit and the controller, wherein the sensing circuit comprises one or more externally programmable connectors configured to determine one or more boundaries of an output voltage window for operating the voltage-modulating circuit, and wherein when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a pass-through mode and a voltage measurement indicates that a level of the input voltage is within the output voltage window having an upper boundary and a lower boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to correspond with the level of the input voltage without switching the one or more switches, and wherein when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in a voltage-modulating mode and the voltage measurement indicates that the level of the input voltage is outside of the output voltage window having only one boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to differ from the level of the input voltage by switching the one or more switches.
In another aspect of the first embodiment, the improved power converter comprises a voltage-modulating circuit that comprises one or more switches, the voltage-modulating circuit configured to receive an input voltage and provide an output voltage; a controller coupled to the voltage-modulating circuit, wherein the controller is configured to selectively drive the one or more switches to control a level of the output voltage based on the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit; and a sensing circuit connected to the voltage-modulating circuit and the controller, wherein the sensing circuit comprises one or more externally programmable connectors configured to determine one or more boundaries of an output voltage window for operating the voltage-modulating circuit, and wherein when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a pass-through mode and a voltage measurement indicates that a level of the input voltage is within the output voltage window having an upper boundary and a lower boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to correspond with the level of the input voltage without switching the one or more switches, and wherein when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in a voltage-modulating mode and the voltage measurement indicates that the level of the input voltage is outside of the output voltage window having only one boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to differ from the level of the input voltage by switching the one or more switches; and wherein the power converter further comprises one or more limitations selected from the following list:
wherein the voltage-modulating circuit further comprises a boost circuit that comprises a first pair of switches and a buck circuit that comprises a second pair of switches connected to the first pair of switches by a shared inductor;
wherein the sensing circuit comprises a boost voltage sensing circuit configured to detect the output voltage; and a buck voltage sensing circuit configured to detect the output voltage, wherein the set of externally programmable connectors comprises a first adjustment pin connected to the boost voltage sensing circuit and a second adjustment pin connected to the buck voltage sensing circuit;
the first adjustment pin is configured to receive a first resistor strap having a first resistance, and the second adjustment pin is configured to receive a second resistor strap having a second resistance that differs from the first resistance;
wherein the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in the pass-through mode based on an absence of an electrical connection between the first adjustment pin and the second adjustment pin, and wherein the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in the voltage-modulating mode based on a presence of the electrical connection between the first adjustment pin and the second adjustment pin;
wherein the sensing circuit is an analog-to-digital converter, and wherein the power converter further comprises: a communication bus configured to receive a first voltage value and a second voltage value, wherein: the set of externally programmable connectors includes a first register and a second register, the first register is configured to store the first voltage value and the second register is configured to store the second voltage value, and the first voltage value and the second voltage value determine the one or more boundaries of the output voltage window; and
when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is the pass-through mode, the upper boundary is determined by the first voltage value and the lower boundary is determined by the second voltage value, and when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is the voltage-modulating mode and the first register and the second register are used for storing the first voltage value and the second voltage value, respectively, the first voltage value and the second voltage value are the same.
In a second embodiment, novel aspects of the present disclosure are directed to an apparatus comprising a power converter that includes a current-drawing load configured to receive an output voltage; and a power converter connected to the current-drawing load, wherein the power converter comprises: a voltage-modulating circuit that comprises one or more switches, the voltage-modulating circuit configured to receive an input voltage and provide the output voltage; a controller coupled to the voltage-modulating circuit, wherein the controller is configured to selectively drive the one or more switches to control a level of the output voltage based on the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit; and a sensing circuit connected to the voltage-modulating circuit and the controller, wherein the sensing circuit comprises one or more externally programmable connectors configured to determine one or more boundaries of an output voltage window for operating the voltage-modulating circuit, and wherein when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a pass-through mode and a voltage measurement indicates that a level of the input voltage is within the output voltage window having an upper boundary and a lower boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to correspond with the level of the input voltage without switching the one or more switches, and wherein when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in a voltage-modulating mode and the voltage measurement indicates that the level of the input voltage is outside of the output voltage window having only one boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to differ from the level of the input voltage by switching the one or more switches.
In another aspect of the second embodiment, the apparatus comprises a power converter that includes a current-drawing load configured to receive an output voltage; and a power converter connected to the current-drawing load, wherein the power converter comprises: a voltage-modulating circuit that comprises one or more switches, the voltage-modulating circuit configured to receive an input voltage and provide the output voltage; a controller coupled to the voltage-modulating circuit, wherein the controller is configured to selectively drive the one or more switches to control a level of the output voltage based on the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit; and a sensing circuit connected to the voltage-modulating circuit and the controller, wherein the sensing circuit comprises one or more externally programmable connectors configured to determine one or more boundaries of an output voltage window for operating the voltage-modulating circuit, and wherein when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a pass-through mode and a voltage measurement indicates that a level of the input voltage is within the output voltage window having an upper boundary and a lower boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to correspond with the level of the input voltage without switching the one or more switches, and wherein when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in a voltage-modulating mode and the voltage measurement indicates that the level of the input voltage is outside of the output voltage window having only one boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to differ from the level of the input voltage by switching the one or more switches; and wherein the apparatus further comprises one or more limitations selected from the following list:
wherein the voltage-modulating circuit further comprises a boost circuit that comprises a first pair of switches and a buck circuit that comprises a second pair of switches connected to the first pair of switches by a shared inductor;
wherein the sensing circuit comprises: a boost voltage sensing circuit configured to detect the output voltage; and a buck voltage sensing circuit configured to detect the output voltage, wherein the set of externally programmable connectors comprises a first adjustment pin connected to the boost voltage sensing circuit and a second adjustment pin connected to the buck voltage sensing circuit;
wherein the first adjustment pin is configured to receive a first resistor strap having a first resistance, and the second adjustment pin is configured to receive a second resistor strap having a second resistance that differs from the first resistance;
wherein the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in the pass-through mode based on an absence of an electrical connection between the first adjustment pin and the second adjustment pin, and wherein the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in the voltage-modulating mode based on a presence of the electrical connection between the first adjustment pin and the second adjustment pin;
wherein the sensing circuit is an analog-to-digital converter, and wherein the power converter further comprises a communication bus configured to receive a first voltage value and a second voltage value, wherein: the set of externally programmable connectors includes a first register and a second register, the first register is configured to store the first voltage value and the second register is configured to store the second voltage value, and the first voltage value and the second voltage value determine the one or more boundaries of the output voltage window; and
wherein when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is the pass-through mode, the upper boundary is determined by the first voltage value and the lower boundary is determined by the second voltage value, and when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is the voltage-modulating mode and the first register and the second register are used for storing the first voltage value and the second voltage value, respectively, the first voltage value and the second voltage value are the same.
In a third embodiment, novel aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a method for operating a power converter that comprises a voltage-modulating circuit configured to receive an input voltage and provide an output voltage, a sensing circuit configured to measure a voltage of the voltage-modulating circuit, and a controller configured to selectively drive one or more switches of the voltage-modulating circuit based on the voltage measurement, the method comprising determining, by the controller, an operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit; receiving, by one or more externally programmable connectors of the sensing circuit, a selection of one or more boundaries for an output voltage window for operating the voltage-modulating circuit; obtaining, with the sensing circuit, the voltage measurement; responsive to determining that the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a pass-through mode and the voltage measurement indicates that a level of the input voltage is within the output voltage window having an upper boundary and a lower boundary, controlling, with the controller, a level of the output voltage to correspond with a level of the input voltage without switching the one or more switches; and responsive to determining that the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a voltage-modulating mode and the voltage measurement indicates that the level of the input voltage is outside the output voltage window having only one boundary, controlling, with the controller, the level of the output voltage to differ from the level of the input voltage by switching the one or more switches.
In another aspect of the third embodiment, the method for operating a power converter that comprises a voltage-modulating circuit configured to receive an input voltage and provide an output voltage, a sensing circuit configured to measure a voltage of the voltage-modulating circuit, and a controller configured to selectively drive one or more switches of the voltage-modulating circuit based on the voltage measurement, the method comprising determining, by the controller, an operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit; receiving, by one or more externally programmable connectors of the sensing circuit, a selection of one or more boundaries for an output voltage window for operating the voltage-modulating circuit; obtaining, with the sensing circuit, the voltage measurement; responsive to determining that the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a pass-through mode and the voltage measurement indicates that a level of the input voltage is within the output voltage window having an upper boundary and a lower boundary, controlling, with the controller, a level of the output voltage to correspond with a level of the input voltage without switching the one or more switches; and responsive to determining that the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a voltage-modulating mode and the voltage measurement indicates that the level of the input voltage is outside the output voltage window having only one boundary, controlling, with the controller, the level of the output voltage to differ from the level of the input voltage by switching the one or more switches; and wherein the method further comprises one or more limitations selected from the following list:
wherein the sensing circuit comprises a boost voltage sensing circuit and a buck voltage sensing circuit, wherein the set of externally programmable connectors comprises a first adjustment pin connected to the boost voltage sensing circuit and a second adjustment pin connected to the buck voltage sensing circuit, and wherein the step of obtaining the voltage measurement further comprises: measuring, with the boost voltage sensing circuit and the buck voltage sensing circuit, the output voltage;
wherein receiving the selection of the one or more boundaries for the output voltage window for operating the voltage-modulating circuit further comprises receiving, by the first adjustment pin, a first resistor strap having a first resistance, and receiving, by the second adjustment pin, a second resistor strap having a second resistance that differs from the first resistance;
wherein determining the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit further comprises determining the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in the pass-through mode based on an absence of an electrical connection between the first adjustment pin and the second adjustment pin, and determining the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in the voltage-modulating mode based on a presence of the electrical connection between the first adjustment pin and the second adjustment pin;
wherein the power converter further comprises a communication bus configured to receive a first voltage value and a second voltage value that determine the one or more boundaries of the output voltage window, wherein the sensing circuit is an analog-to-digital converter, and wherein receiving the selection of the one or more boundaries of the output voltage window further comprises storing the first voltage value in a first register of the set of externally programmable connectors; and storing the second voltage value in a second register of the set of externally programmable connectors; and
wherein determining the operational mode is the pass-through mode further comprises detecting a first value of a mode selection bit corresponding to the pass-through mode, and determining the operational mode is the voltage-modulating mode further comprises detecting a second value of the mode selection bit corresponding to the voltage-modulating mode.
Although embodiments of the invention have been described with reference to several elements, any element described in the embodiments described herein are exemplary and can be omitted, substituted, added, combined, or rearranged as applicable to form new embodiments. A skilled person, upon reading the present specification, would recognize that such additional embodiments are effectively disclosed herein. For example, where this disclosure describes characteristics, structure, size, shape, arrangement, or composition for an element or process for making or using an element or combination of elements, the characteristics, structure, size, shape, arrangement, or composition can also be incorporated into any other element or combination of elements, or process for making or using an element or combination of elements described herein to provide additional embodiments.
Additionally, where an embodiment is described herein as comprising some element or group of elements, additional embodiments can consist essentially of or consist of the element or group of elements. Also, although the open-ended term “comprises” is generally used herein, additional embodiments can be formed by substituting the terms “consisting essentially of” or “consisting of.”
While this invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. For example, the exemplary power converters depicted and described in this disclosure are based on a particular configuration of non-isolated buck-boost converters, but skilled artisans would be able to apply these teachings to any non-isolated topology where the input and output can be connected by activating one or more switches. Additionally, these teachings could be implemented in one or more hybrid buck converters and other available step-up and step-down power converter topologies. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
Claims
1. A power converter comprising:
- a voltage-modulating circuit that comprises one or more switches, the voltage-modulating circuit configured to receive an input voltage and provide an output voltage;
- a controller coupled to the voltage-modulating circuit, wherein the controller is configured to selectively drive the one or more switches to control a level of the output voltage based on an operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit; and
- a sensing circuit connected to the voltage-modulating circuit and the controller, wherein the sensing circuit comprises one or more externally programmable connectors configured to determine one or more boundaries of an output voltage window for operating the voltage-modulating circuit and to select the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit and wherein: when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a pass-through mode and a voltage measurement indicates that a level of the input voltage is within the output voltage window having an upper boundary and a lower boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to correspond with the level of the input voltage without switching the one or more switches, and when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in a voltage-modulating mode and the voltage measurement indicates that the level of the input voltage is outside of the output voltage window, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to differ from the level of the input voltage by switching the one or more switches.
2. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the voltage-modulating circuit further comprises a boost circuit that comprises a first pair of switches and a buck circuit that comprises a second pair of switches connected to the first pair of switches by a shared inductor.
3. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the sensing circuit comprises:
- a boost voltage sensing circuit configured to detect the output voltage; and
- a buck voltage sensing circuit configured to detect the output voltage,
- wherein the set of externally programmable connectors comprises a first adjustment pin connected to the boost voltage sensing circuit and a second adjustment pin connected to the buck voltage sensing circuit.
4. The power converter of claim 3, wherein:
- the first adjustment pin is configured to receive a first resistor strap having a first resistance, and
- the second adjustment pin is configured to receive a second resistor strap having a second resistance that differs from the first resistance.
5. The power converter of claim 3, wherein the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in the pass-through mode based on an absence of an electrical connection between the first adjustment pin and the second adjustment pin, and wherein the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in the voltage-modulating mode based on a presence of the electrical connection between the first adjustment pin and the second adjustment pin.
6. The power converter of claim 1, wherein the sensing circuit is an analog-to-digital converter, and wherein the power converter further comprises:
- a communication bus configured to receive a first voltage value and a second voltage value, wherein:
- the set of externally programmable connectors includes a first register and a second register,
- the first register is configured to store the first voltage value and the second register is configured to store the second voltage value, and
- the first voltage value and the second voltage value determine the one or more boundaries of the output voltage window.
7. The power converter of claim 6, wherein:
- when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is the pass-through mode, the upper boundary is determined by the first voltage value and the lower boundary is determined by the second voltage value, and
- when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is the voltage-modulating mode and the first register and the second register are used for storing the first voltage value and the second voltage value, respectively, the first voltage value and the second voltage value are the same.
8. An apparatus comprising:
- a current-drawing load configured to receive an output voltage; and
- a power converter connected to the current-drawing load, wherein the power converter comprises: a voltage-modulating circuit that comprises one or more switches, the voltage-modulating circuit configured to receive an input voltage and provide the output voltage; a controller coupled to the voltage-modulating circuit, wherein the controller is configured to selectively drive the one or more switches to control a level of the output voltage based on an operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit; and a sensing circuit connected to the voltage-modulating circuit and the controller, wherein the sensing circuit comprises one or more externally programmable connectors configured to determine one or more boundaries of an output voltage window for operating the voltage-modulating circuit and to select the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit, and wherein: when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a pass-through mode and a voltage measurement indicates that a level of the input voltage is within the output voltage window having an upper boundary and a lower boundary, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to correspond with the level of the input voltage without switching the one or more switches, and when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in a voltage-modulating mode and the voltage measurement indicates that the level of the input voltage is outside of the output voltage window, the voltage-modulating circuit is configured to control the level of the output voltage to differ from the level of the input voltage by switching the one or more switches.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the voltage-modulating circuit further comprises a boost circuit that comprises a first pair of switches and a buck circuit that comprises a second pair of switches connected to the first pair of switches by a shared inductor.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the sensing circuit comprises:
- a boost voltage sensing circuit configured to detect the output voltage; and
- a buck voltage sensing circuit configured to detect the output voltage,
- wherein the set of externally programmable connectors comprises a first adjustment pin connected to the boost voltage sensing circuit and a second adjustment pin connected to the buck voltage sensing circuit.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein:
- the first adjustment pin is configured to receive a first resistor strap having a first resistance, and
- the second adjustment pin is configured to receive a second resistor strap having a second resistance that differs from the first resistance.
12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in the pass-through mode based on an absence of an electrical connection between the first adjustment pin and the second adjustment pin, and wherein the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in the voltage-modulating mode based on a presence of the electrical connection between the first adjustment pin and the second adjustment pin.
13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the sensing circuit is an analog-to-digital converter, and wherein the power converter further comprises:
- a communication bus configured to receive a first voltage value and a second voltage value, wherein:
- the set of externally programmable connectors includes a first register and a second register,
- the first register is configured to store the first voltage value and the second register is configured to store the second voltage value, and
- the first voltage value and the second voltage value determine the one or more boundaries of the output voltage window.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein:
- when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is the pass-through mode based on a first value of a mode selection bit, the upper boundary is determined by the first voltage value and the lower boundary is determined by the second voltage value, and
- when the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is the voltage-modulating mode based on a second value of the mode selection bit and the first register and the second register are used for storing the first voltage value and the second voltage value, respectively, the first voltage value and the second voltage value are the same.
15. A method for operating a power converter that comprises a voltage-modulating circuit configured to receive an input voltage and provide an output voltage, a sensing circuit configured to measure a voltage of the voltage-modulating circuit, and a controller configured to selectively drive one or more switches of the voltage-modulating circuit based on the voltage measurement, the method comprising:
- determining, by the controller, an operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit based on one or more externally programmable connectors indicating the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit;
- receiving, by the one or more externally programmable connectors of the sensing circuit, a selection of one or more boundaries for an output voltage window for operating the voltage-modulating circuit;
- obtaining, with the sensing circuit, the voltage measurement;
- responsive to determining that the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a pass-through mode and the voltage measurement indicates that a level of the input voltage is within the output voltage window having an upper boundary and a lower boundary, controlling, with the controller, a level of the output voltage to correspond with a level of the input voltage without switching the one or more switches; and
- responsive to determining that the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is a voltage-modulating mode and the voltage measurement indicates that the level of the input voltage is outside the output voltage window, controlling, with the controller, the level of the output voltage to differ from the level of the input voltage by switching the one or more switches.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the sensing circuit comprises a boost voltage sensing circuit and a buck voltage sensing circuit, wherein the set of externally programmable connectors comprises a first adjustment pin connected to the boost voltage sensing circuit and a second adjustment pin connected to the buck voltage sensing circuit, and wherein the step of obtaining the voltage measurement further comprises:
- measuring, with the boost voltage sensing circuit and the buck voltage sensing circuit, the output voltage.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein receiving the selection of the one or more boundaries for the output voltage window for operating the voltage-modulating circuit further comprises:
- receiving, by the first adjustment pin, a first resistor strap having a first resistance, and
- receiving, by the second adjustment pin, a second resistor strap having a second resistance that differs from the first resistance.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein determining the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit further comprises:
- determining the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in the pass-through mode based on an absence of an electrical connection between the first adjustment pin and the second adjustment pin, and
- determining the operational mode of the voltage-modulating circuit is in the voltage-modulating mode based on a presence of the electrical connection between the first adjustment pin and the second adjustment pin.
19. The method of claim 15, wherein the power converter further comprises a communication bus configured to receive a first voltage value and a second voltage value that determine the one or more boundaries of the output voltage window, wherein the sensing circuit is an analog-to-digital converter, and wherein receiving the selection of the one or more boundaries of the output voltage window further comprises:
- storing the first voltage value in a first register of the set of externally programmable connectors; and
- storing the second voltage value in a second register of the set of externally programmable connectors.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein:
- determining the operational mode is the pass-through mode further comprises detecting a first value of a mode selection bit corresponding to the pass-through mode, and
- determining the operational mode is the voltage-modulating mode further comprises detecting a second value of the mode selection bit corresponding to the voltage-modulating mode.
Type: Application
Filed: Apr 29, 2021
Publication Date: Nov 3, 2022
Patent Grant number: 11942865
Inventors: Carl Wildrick (Parker, TX), Joel Zaens (Plano, TX)
Application Number: 17/244,743