LIGHTWEIGHT, VARIABLE, AND HIGH RESISTANCE MACHINE
The invention relates to a resistance machine, e.g., for exercising. In particular, the machine is lightweight, compact, and modular to allow for ease of transportation and storage. The multifunction machine is also capable of providing variable and high resistances for many types of weight training methods, such as powerlifting.
This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/193,933 filed Mar. 27, 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to a resistance machine for exercising. In particular, the machine is lightweight, compact, and modular to allow for ease of transportation and storage. The multifunction machine is also capable of providing variable and high resistances for many types of weight training methods, such as powerlifting.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONCurrently, resistance training usually requires a user to have access to weighted plates, an Olympic bar, and racking equipment to perform these high resistance exercises. The overall system for performing these resistance exercises is bulky, heavy, and costly. Therefore, there remains a need for a system which allows users to perform high resistance exercises without the need for heavy or expensive equipment and which is lightweight, compact, and portable.
Many inventions have attempted to provide various features of the lightweight, variable, and high resistance machine, but no inventions to date contain all the features that the machine delivers to the user. The demand for personal fitness equipment is at an all-time high, yet there remains a need for a high resistance, variable resistance, lightweight, compact, portable, multifunction, and cost-efficient machine for fitness equipment users.
There are currently several electromechanical resistance machines available, such as Tonal Systems' U.S. Pat. No. 10,881,890 B2, which aim to give users an all-in-one gym in a compact form factor. These machines are effective in delivering these features, yet they are inherently unable to match the portability that a fully mechanical system offers. Mechanical systems have no reliance on power sources, and so there is no location of use limitation created. Electromechanical systems are also often more expensive given the complex nature of the design and the components used to create high resistances from electrical sources.
Other inventions attempt similar designs as those suggested in this patent, but they fail to deliver all aspects of the lightweight, variable, and portable resistance machine. Perhaps the most conceptually similar invention is ICON Health & Fitness' U.S. Pat. No. 10,441,840 B2. The invention delivers resistance in a collapsible form factor wherein the user stands upon a platform and pulls on cables connected to an upright cable arm system. The invention is compact, portable, and cost-efficient, but the upright cable arms prevent truly high resistances from being possible without significant structural weight being added to the frame. The upright frame also creates challenges in delivering a variety of different exercises to the user. Additionally, the invention has no concrete plan to deliver resistance, although it mentions the use of a flywheel resistance mechanism. While able to be lightweight and compact, the flywheel resistance mechanism is not practical in terms of delivering high resistance to users.
Another conceptually similar invention is Gymflex Fitness's U.S. Pat. No. 7,591,763 B 1. This machine offers users a multifunction, cost-efficient, portable, and lightweight resistance machine by providing the user with a convertible bench with spooled elastic resistance bands beneath the bench. However, the invention is not capable of delivering variable or high resistances to users. The lack of variable and high resistance capabilities limits the number of users that find the invention useful because users are unable to progress in their training.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONA first objective of the invention is to provide a lightweight resistance machine wherein a user can perform high resistance exercises such as the bench press, deadlift, or squat. The invention aims to allow users to perform these exercises without the need for heavy or expensive equipment.
A second objective of the invention is to provide a compact resistance machine. As mentioned previously, current high resistance equipment is both heavy and bulky. For a user to own high resistance equipment, one must also have the space to store the equipment. This is an insurmountable obstacle to owning exercise equipment for many that live in smaller homes and apartments. Compacting a high resistance machine into a portable and lightweight package makes owning exercise equipment possible for many users.
A third objective of the invention is to provide a modular system. By providing a modular system, users can add resistance machines to their equipment to achieve higher levels of resistance than what is achievable with a single resistance machine. This provides the user with the flexibility to choose what resistance levels are appropriate for them. Additionally, the resistance machine can remain lightweight and portable without increasing the weight of a single machine.
A fourth objective of the invention is to provide an easily modifiable system. Maintaining ease of modification allows the user to quickly transition between exercises and maximizes the efficiency of the user's workout. The number of modular accessories should be limited to minimize equipment transition time and needed space for the resistance machine. It is also critical to allow the user to seamlessly select different levels of resistance without the need to disassemble modularized equipment.
A fifth objective of the invention is to provide an “all-in-one” resistance machine where most, if not all, traditional resistance exercises are possible. Giving the user as many exercise options as possible increases the likelihood that the user will purchase the invention to replace weight-based equipment. It is desirable to allow users to perform both the stated high resistance exercises and lower resistance exercises such as chest flies, lateral raises, and curls.
To achieve these objectives, a novel mechanism that combines the use of variable and lightweight resistance with dependent motion dynamics is designed. The mechanism is designed to be as small as possible and to be contained within an encasing. The user stands on the encasing and interacts with a single inelastic cable that contains the tensile force provided by the mechanism. Because the resistance force created by the mechanism is non-gravitational, the user's weight must be entirely contained within the machine system to ensure that the system is stable. Otherwise, the resistance is not internal to the overall system and external forces will dominate the response of the machine. Given the compactness of the machine, accessories are used to combine multiple resistance machines and modularize the resistance system. For example, a platform accessory is used to combine the forces of two separate resistance machines, thereby allowing the user to double the overall resistance and interact with two inelastic cables instead of one (
A diverse set of complexities arise when designing the resistance mechanism contained within the modular resistance machine. Foremost, the lightweight and variable resistance must be designed. Lightweight and variable resistance can be provided in various manners including, but not limited to, electromagnets, electrically powered motors, resistance bands, and springs. For a lightweight, portable, and high resistance machine, the following design objectives are of the greatest importance minimizing the overall weight and volume, maximizing the overall resistance, and maximizing the independence of the overall system. To achieve these goals, two high-level approaches to the design of the lightweight resistance system are apparent: an electromechanical approach or a fully mechanical approach.
The electromechanical approach involves the conversion of electrically powered resistance devices, such as electromagnets or motors, into mechanical forces that the user interacts with. This approach greatly simplifies the mechanical design of the system due to the inherently variable nature of the mechanical force provided by electrical devices. To vary resistance, one must vary the power supplied to the resistance device. From a mechanical perspective, this is an advantageous design because it is compact and has no dynamically moving parts. Therefore, there are fewer chances for part failure. However, a power source is required to operate an electromechanical resistance machine. Additionally, the ability to output high resistance is proportional to the supplied electrical power, therefore causing faster battery drain at higher resistances. For a resistance machine attempting to provide high resistances in a portable system, these design limitations are not ideal because they create a dependence on available electrical power. A fully mechanical system that operates without these requirements is currently a more desirable and sustainable design.
The fully mechanical approach generally involves the use of multiple spring-based resistance devices that are selectively engaged by the user to vary resistance. There are many ways to achieve this, however, it is advantageous to create a system wherein the resistance is varied from a single point, such as weight selector pins or dials on traditional, weight-based resistance machines. In particular, a dial-based selector approach provides advantages over other resistance selecting mechanisms including increased modularity, ease of modification, and well-defined system arrangements. The use of a dial allows for gear meshing into other accessories to always give the user direct access to change the resistance. For example, if a platform accessory is placed over the top of a resistance machine, the dial is locked into a shaft hub that is connected to a second dial on the platform which is accessible to the user. The dial can also have defined locking positions which decreases reliance on the user to correctly engage resistances.
With any selector mechanism, a mechanical system must be designed to interface with the engagement of the spring-based resistance devices. Unlike electromechanical systems, fully mechanical systems are not inherently compact or variable. Many more design considerations must be accounted for to create a small, lightweight, variable, and high resistance mechanism. Although the fully mechanical system creates more mechanical design challenges, it operates independently from external conditions. Therefore, it is a more desirable and sustainable design approach as compared to the electromechanical approach because a mechanical approach increases the autonomy of the resistance machine.
For any approach to create variable and lightweight resistance, a part or assembly of parts must interface between the resistance device and the inelastic cable that the user interacts with. Herein, the part or assembly of parts that interfaces with both the resistance device and user-interfacing cable is referred to as the “interfacing device”. Because typical user exercises can involve at least three feet of cable travel, the challenge of limiting the distance of travel for the resistance device is always present to create a compact and modular machine. Therefore, a dependent motion system that increases the ratio of the distance traveled by the inelastic cable compared to the resistance device must be utilized. This ratio is referred to herein as the “distance traveled ratio”. There are many ways to increase the distance traveled ratio from a mechanical standpoint, including gear, pulley, and belt systems. To increase the reliability of the system, it is advantageous to use pulley systems because they contain low precision requirements, do not require spooling, and are easily maneuverable when designing the system.
When increasing the distance traveled ratio, the tension in the inelastic cable decreases by an inversely proportional amount. This is an important consideration to factor into the design of the system because it works against the production of high resistance. For example, a pulley system using a distance traveled ratio of two to one requires a total resistance output of 500 lbs from the resistance mechanism to output 250 lbs of tension to the user. Therefore, it is important to limit the distance traveled ratio to decrease the total resistance requirement for the resistance mechanism. Systems designed with higher distance traveled ratios have higher internal stresses and require more robust frames, increasing the overall weight and cost of the resistance machine.
To design a portable system, there is a general goal to limit the height of the resistance machine. With a limiting height, resistance devices must be carefully chosen to fit within the resistance machine encasing. Additionally, the fatigue life of the devices must be considered because of the high usage that the resistance machine will undergo. Resistance bands or coiled springs are potentially useful resistance devices due to their ability to output high resistance and ease of replacement. However, the stress response of rubber and coiled springs is highly nonlinear and relies upon the initial unstretched length. The total stretch of these devices also must be limited to maintain a high fatigue life. For rubber, limiting the maximum stretch ratio to 1.75 (stretched a distance equal to 75 percent of the unstretched length) results in an expected fatigue life on the order of 106 deformation cycles. As an example, a design utilizing resistance bands contains 1-foot-long resistance bands that are stretched 0.75 feet. The pulley system then requires a four to one distance traveled ratio to allow for 3 feet of user-end cable travel. While this design could prove to be useful, the added resistance requirement and increased forces acting on the frame are not ideal.
Instead of using resistance bands or coiled springs, a design utilizing constant force springs has increased height limiting potential. Throughout the extension of a constant force spring, the force output is constant. Consequently, there is no need to consider the unstretched length of the spring. This is a major advantage over the resistance band design because the interfacing device has more translational space afforded to it. As an example, a design utilizing 2-inch diameter constant force springs has an interfacing part positioned directly above the springs, approximately 2.5-inches from the base of the frame. The interfacing part is then able to translate approximately 1.5 feet within the resistance mechanism. The pulley system then requires a two to one distance traveled ratio to allow for 3 feet of user-end cable travel. The decreased distance traveled ratio therefore offers major weight and cost savings because less resistance output is required. Additionally, constant force output is more like gravitational resistance than the nonlinear force output of resistance bands, thereby creating a better lifting experience for the user. However, there are drawbacks to using constant force springs that must be considered. Mainly, the fatigue life of high resistance constant force springs is comparatively lower than resistance bands. Moreover, the design is more complex and requires a design that allows the user to easily replace fatigued parts. That said, the inventor considers the benefits of constant force spring to outweigh the drawbacks, and accordingly, the constant force spring design is recognized as the best mode.
In an exemplary approach to the design of the resistance mechanism, a structural metal frame contains multiple rails. A single transverse bar is slidably positioned along the rails and connected to multiple constant force springs. Each spring is connected by way of a rotatable shaft to an individual block that is slidably positioned on two rails, opposite the transverse bar. Rail sheaths are slidably positioned between the transverse bar and individual blocks to both maintain a base level distance and to stretch the springs a small amount, thereby creating a biasing force pulling the individual blocks towards the transverse bar. Individual blocks are shaped such that outer blocks slide freely along the rails if inner blocks are locked to the frame and inner blocks are locked to the frame if outer blocks are locked to the frame. To lock the individual blocks, two grooves are cut out of the faces of the individual blocks and slidable racks are inserted into the grooves. One groove is aligned for the rightmost individual blocks and is positioned above the other groove which is aligned for the leftmost individual blocks. The slidable racks are positioned at a distance from the individual blocks and specially shaped to prevent interference with adjacent individual blocks whilst still being able to lock a single individual block. Both racks are in mesh with a centrally located pinion that is fixed to a user interfacing dial. Turning the dial clockwise translates the racks towards the outermost blocks, thereby engaging more springs and increasing the resistance. An inelastic cable is fixed to the frame and routed through a pulley that is centrally located on the transverse bar, creating a 2 to 1 distance traveled ratio. The entire mechanism is contained within an encasing that can support the weight of the user.
In an exemplary approach to the resistance machine, two resistance mechanisms are connected to each outer using hinges. The hinges allow the resistance machine to be folded into a compact state for storage and unfolded for usage. Cable arms are slidably positioned along the side of the resistance mechanism encasing with an adjustable angle relative to the encasings. A 360-degree pulley is adjustably positioned at the end of each cable arm. Each cable arm has an inelastic cable attached to a carabiner clip on one end. The inelastic cable is routed through the cable arm and the encasing wherein it is attached to one of the resistance mechanisms. Selector dials protrude through both encasings and display the current selected resistance for each resistance mechanism. The user stands on the encasings in the unfolded position and pulls one or both inelastic cables via interfacing attachments, such as handles, to engage the resistance mechanisms that are connected to the specific inelastic cable. The carabiner clips allow for quick adjustments to user interfacing attachments. The user can fold the encasings and cable arms into a compact position for compact storage and portability. In total, one resistance machine weighs less than 40 lbs, outputs a maximum of 400 lbs in 20 lb increments, is contained within an 8-inch by 24-inch by 24-inch volume, and has maximum cable travel distances of 3 feet for each inelastic cable.
The accompanying drawings are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification. The drawings, together with the general description given above and the detailed description of the exemplary embodiments and methods given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from a study of the following specification when viewed in light of the accompanying drawings, in which like elements are given the same or analogous reference numerals and wherein:
It is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments of the invention are not limited to the detailed arrangements shown. The invention is capable of achieving similar results in other arrangements not shown. Additionally, the terminology used to describe the arrangements is for description only. The following terms and their associated meanings are explicitly defined below for the reader.
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- Embodiment—Describes an arrangement of a system that could prove to be useful but is not considered to be the best mode by the inventor.
- Exemplary Embodiment—Describes an arrangement of a system that is considered to be the best mode by the inventor.
- Resistance Device—Describes any resistance providing element. This can include resistance bands, springs, electromagnets, motors, weighted plates, and other elements that function to provide resistance.
- Non-Gravitational Resistance Device—Describes any resistance providing element that does not rely on gravity as its source of resistance. This can include resistance bands, springs, flywheels, electromagnets, motors, and other elements that function to provide resistance without the use of gravity.
- Distance Traveled Ratio—Describes the ratio of the distance traveled by the user-interfacing inelastic cable to the resistance device.
- Interfacing Device—Describes any part or assembly of parts that combine to alter the distance traveled ratio. An embodiment without an interfacing device has a distance traveled ratio of one to one.
- Individual Block—Describes any object that is connected to one end of a resistance device, can translate along rails, and can be locked to another component of the system.
- Fixed Individual Block—Describes any object that is connected to one end of a resistance device and is permanently locked to another component of the system.
The following list of components are referenced in the figures:
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- 31. Frame
- 32. Transverse Bar
- 33. Individual Block
- 34. Resistance Band
- 35. Eye Hook
- 36. Inelastic Cable
- 37. Pulley
- 38. Rail
- 39. Rail Sheath
- 40. Pin Fixture
- 41. Locking Pin
- 42. Handle
- 43. Constant force Spring
- 44. Ball Bearing
- 45. Fixed Shaft
- 46. Electromagnet
- 47. Ferromagnetic Material
- 48. Connecting Cable
- 49. Computer
- 50. USB Cable
- 51. Dependent Individual Block
- 52. Grooved-Dependent Ind. Block
- 53. Grooved-Fixed Individual Block
- 54. Top Locking Rack
- 55. Bottom Locking Rack
- 56. Locking Pinion
- 57. Resistance Selecting Dial
- 58. Rubber Mat
- 59. Rubber Stopper
- 60. Carabiner Clip
- 61. Resistance Display
- 62. Inelastic Extension Cable
- 63. Resistance Machine Encasing
- 64. 360 Degree Pulley
- 65. Curl Bar
- 66. Platform
- 67. Olympic Bar
- 68. Cable Arms
- 69. Constant force Spring Assembly
- 70. Resistance Mechanism Assembly
- 71. Dial Selector Assembly
- 72. Resistance Machine Assembly
- 73. Rack and Pinion Gear Assembly
- 74. Driven Spool
- 75. Driving Spool
- 76. Rightmost Groove
- 77. Leftmost Groove
- 78. Adjustable Angled Pulley
- 79. Slidable Block
- 80. Hinges
l1=2sa−se (1)
and
l2=4sa−se (2)
in
Δse=2Δsa (3)
and
Δse=4Δsa (4)
for
Although certain presently preferred embodiments of the invention have been specifically described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains that variations and modifications of the various embodiments shown and described herein may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only to the extent required by the appended claims and the applicable rules of law.
Claims
1. A resistance mechanism comprising
- a. a frame having a plurality of parallel rails within the frame;
- b. a transverse bar having at least one opening through which the plurality of parallel rails passes;
- c. at least one block having holes through which one or more of the parallel rails passes;
- d. at least one locking fixture fixed to the frame and configured to removably secure at least one block to the frame; and
- e. at least one resistance device connecting each block to the transverse bar in a manner which biases the transverse bar towards the connected block when the connected block is secured to the frame.
2. The resistance mechanism of claim 1, wherein there are a plurality of blocks.
3. The resistance mechanism of claim 1, wherein the locking fixture comprises a rack and pinion gear assembly.
4. The resistance mechanism of claim 1, wherein the resistance devices are comprised of elastic bands, springs, flywheels, electromagnets, motors, or combinations thereof.
5. The resistance mechanism of claim 1, wherein the resistance devices are constant force springs.
6. The resistance mechanism of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of rail sheaths slidably positioned on the parallel rails between the transverse bar and each block.
7. The resistance mechanism of claim 1, further comprising an inelastic cable with first and second ends, the first end is connected to the transverse bar, the second end is positioned through the frame.
8. The resistance mechanism of claim 7, further comprising inelastic cable extensions attached to the inelastic cables.
9. The resistance mechanism of claim 7, wherein the inelastic cable is lead through one or more pulleys, spools, gears, belts, or combinations thereof in a manner which decreases the distance of travel of the transverse bar as compared to the distance of travel of the second end of the inelastic cable.
10. The resistance mechanism of claim 7, further comprising at least one cable arm through which an inelastic cable is led, each cable arm comprises
- a. a first end that is adjustably attached to the frame and adjustably positioned to extend away from the frame; and
- b. a second end wherein the second end of the inelastic cable is positioned through the second end of the cable arm.
11. A resistance machine comprising at least one encasing, each encasing enclosing at least one resistance mechanism, wherein each resistance mechanism is comprised of
- a. a frame having a plurality of parallel rails within the frame;
- b. a transverse bar having at least one opening through which the plurality of parallel rails passes;
- c. at least one block having holes through which one or more of the parallel rails passes;
- d. at least one locking fixture fixed to the frame and configured to removably secure at least one block to the frame;
- e. at least one resistance device connecting each block to the transverse bar in a manner which biases the transverse bar towards the connected block when the connected block is secured to the frame; and
- f. an inelastic cable with first and second ends, the first end is connected to the transverse bar, the second end is positioned to through the frame.
12. The resistance machine of claim 11, wherein each encasing is connected to a structural element that provides a means of supporting a user's weight.
13. The resistance machine of claim 12, wherein the structural element is a platform, seat, bench, or combination thereof.
14. The resistance machine of claim 10, further comprising at least one cable arm through which an inelastic cable is led, each cable arm comprises
- a. a first end that is adjustably attached to an encasing and adjustably positioned to extend away from the encasing; and
- b. a second end wherein the second end of the inelastic cable is positioned through the second end of the cable arm.
15. The resistance machine of claim 10, wherein there are a plurality of blocks in each frame.
16. The resistance machine of claim 10, wherein the locking fixtures comprise a rack and pinion gear assembly.
17. The resistance machine of claim 10, wherein the resistance devices are comprised of constant force springs.
18. The resistance machine of claim 10, wherein the inelastic cable is lead through one or more pulleys, spools, gears, belts, or combinations thereof in a manner which decreases the distance of travel of the transverse bar to the distance of travel of the second end of the inelastic cable.
19. The resistance machine of claim 10, further comprising inelastic cable extensions attached to the inelastic cables.
20. A method for making a resistance machine, the method comprising the steps of
- a. providing a frame having a plurality of parallel rails within the frame;
- b. providing a transverse bar having a plurality of holes through which the plurality of parallel rails passes;
- c. providing at least one block having holes through which one or more of the parallel rails passes;
- d. connecting at least one resistance device with first and second ends to a block on the first end and the transverse bar on the second end;
- e. fixing a locking fixture to the frame, the locking fixture is configured to removably secure each block to the frame; and
- f. connecting an inelastic cable to the transverse bar and positioned through the frame such that the inelastic cable is configured to pull the transverse bar away from each block.
Type: Application
Filed: May 9, 2022
Publication Date: Dec 1, 2022
Inventor: Jason W. HARWERTH (Laurel, MD)
Application Number: 17/739,363