High-Isolation Terminal Antenna System
A high-isolation terminal antenna system, to provide improved radiation performance and isolation by combining current loop antennas and/or magnetic loop antennas with different position features. The terminal antenna system includes a first antenna and a second antenna, and the first antenna and the second antenna include at least one current loop antenna or magnetic loop antenna. When the current loop antenna operates, a uniform magnetic field is distributed between a radiating element of the current loop antenna and a reference ground. When the magnetic loop antenna operates, a uniform electric field is distributed between a radiating element of the magnetic loop antenna and the reference ground. The first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at a same edge of an electronic device, or are arranged at two opposite edges of the electronic device.
This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202111278457.5, filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on Oct. 30, 2021 and entitled “HIGH-ISOLATION TERMINAL ANTENNA SYSTEM”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELDThis application relates to the field of antenna technologies, and in particular, to a high-isolation terminal antenna system.
BACKGROUNDMultiple antennas may be arranged in an electronic device, to support increasing wireless communication requirements of the electronic device. Mutual interference may be caused when the multiple antennas operate simultaneously, affecting overall radiation performance of the electronic device. Improving isolation between the multiple antennas can effectively reduce mutual impact in an operating process of the multiple antennas.
SUMMARYEmbodiments of this application provide a high-isolation terminal antenna system, to provide good radiation performance and isolation by combining current loop antennas and/or magnetic loop antennas with different position features.
To achieve the foregoing objective, the following technical solutions are used in the embodiments of this application:
According to a first aspect, a high-isolation terminal antenna system is provided, and is applied to an electronic device. The terminal antenna system includes a first antenna and a second antenna, and the first antenna and the second antenna include at least one current loop antenna or magnetic loop antenna. When the current loop antenna operates, a uniform magnetic field is distributed between a radiating element of the current loop antenna and a reference ground; and when the magnetic loop antenna operates, a uniform electric field is distributed between a radiating element of the magnetic loop antenna and the reference ground. The first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at a same edge of the electronic device, or the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at two opposite edges of the electronic device.
This solution provides two manners of obtaining high-isolation antennas that are arranged at different positions. In this example, the high-isolation antenna system may at least include one current loop antenna or magnetic loop antenna, to ensure that the antenna system can provide good radiation performance of at least one antenna for an operating frequency band. In addition, based on series position distribution or position distribution in parallel (in other words, the antennas are arranged at the same edge) and opposite position distribution (in other words, the antennas are arranged at two opposite edges), the two antennas can respectively excite orthogonal currents on a ground plane, to achieve a high-isolation characteristic.
In a possible design, when the first antenna is a magnetic loop antenna, the second antenna is a current loop antenna. This solution defines types of the antennas included in the antenna system in this application. For example, when one antenna is the magnetic loop antenna, the other antenna may be the current loop antenna.
In a possible design, the first antenna and the second antenna are fed directly; or the first antenna and the second antenna are fed in a coupled manner. This solution defines a feeding manner of the antennas included in the antenna system in this application. For example, any antenna in the terminal antenna system may be fed directly or in the coupled manner.
In a possible design, when the first antenna operates, a ground plane current is excited in a first direction; and when the second antenna operates, a ground plane current is excited in a second direction, where the first direction and the second direction are orthogonal. This solution provides descriptions indicating that the solution provided in this application can achieve the high-isolation characteristic. Because the two antennas can respectively excite the orthogonal (or approximately orthogonal) currents on the ground plane, the two antennas can achieve high isolation.
In a possible design, that the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at a same edge of the electronic device includes: the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at a first edge of the electronic device, and projections of the first antenna and the second antenna at the first edge do not overlap. This solution provides a specific position example of series distribution. In this example, two antennas in the terminal antenna system are used as an example. The two antennas may be distributed in series at the same edge of the electronic device (such as a mobile phone). For example, the two antennas are both located at an upper edge of the mobile phone, and distributed along an X axis, and the projections of the two antennas in a Y direction do not overlap, to implement the series distribution.
In a possible design, when the first antenna and the second antenna are fed directly, a feed point of the first antenna is arranged at an end of the first antenna close to the second antenna, and a feed point of the second antenna is arranged at an end of the second antenna close to the first antenna. Alternatively, a feed point of the first antenna is arranged at an end of the first antenna away from the second antenna, and a feed point of the second antenna is arranged at an end of the second antenna away from the first antenna. This solution provides a limitation on the feed point in the series distribution case. For example, the feed points of the two antennas may be arranged close to each other, or may be arranged away from each other.
In a possible design, the terminal antenna system further includes a third antenna, and the third antenna is also arranged at the first edge. Projections in a direction perpendicular to the first direction that are of radiating elements of the third antenna, the first antenna, and the second antenna do not overlap, and the second antenna is arranged between the first antenna and the third antenna. This solution provides an example of series distribution of three antennas. In this example, in addition to the first antenna and the second antenna, the third antenna may be further arranged. For example, the first antenna is arranged at a left part of a top edge of the mobile phone, the second antenna is arranged at a center of the top edge of the mobile phone, and the third antenna is arranged at a right part of the top edge of the mobile phone.
In a possible design, the first antenna is the magnetic loop antenna, the second antenna is the current loop antenna, and the third antenna is a magnetic loop antenna. This solution provides a limitation on a type of each antenna in a series distribution scenario of the three antennas.
In a possible design, the first antenna and the third antenna form a first distributed antenna pair, the first distributed antenna pair includes a first port, and the first port is connected to a port of the first antenna and a port of the third antenna; and when the terminal antenna system operates, feed signals of an equal amplitude and a same phase are respectively input to the first antenna and the third antenna through the first port. This solution provides an example of a feeding excitation manner of each antenna in the series distribution scenario of the three antennas. In this example, the first antenna and the third antenna may form the distributed antenna pair. The port of the first antenna and the port of the second antenna may be connected to the first port for feeding, and the first antenna and the third antenna are symmetrically fed through the first port. In this way, a ground plane current excited by the distributed antenna pair including the first antenna and the third antenna may be orthogonally distributed with the ground plane current excited by the second antenna, to achieve the high-isolation characteristic.
In a possible design, all the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna are current loop antennas. This solution provides another limitation on a type of each antenna in a series distribution scenario of the three antennas.
In a possible design, the first antenna and the third antenna form a second distributed antenna pair, the second distributed antenna pair includes a second port, and the second port is connected to a port of the first antenna and a port of the third antenna; and when the terminal antenna system operates, feed signals of an equal amplitude and opposite phases are respectively input to the first antenna and the third antenna through the first port. A direction of a ground plane current excited by the second distributed antenna pair is orthogonal to a direction of the ground plane current excited by the second antenna. According to this solution, the first antenna and the third antenna (namely, a left current loop antenna and a right current loop antenna) may be asymmetrically fed, so that the ground plane current excited by the distributed antenna pair including the first antenna and the third antenna may be orthogonally distributed with the ground plane current excited by the second antenna, to achieve the high-isolation characteristic.
In a possible design, that the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at a same edge of the electronic device includes: the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at a first edge of the electronic device, and projections of the first antenna and the second antenna at the first edge at least partially overlap. This solution provides a specific position example of distribution in parallel. In this example, two antennas in the terminal antenna system are used as an example. The two antennas may be distributed in parallel at the same edge of the electronic device (such as a mobile phone). For example, the two antennas are both located at an upper edge of the mobile phone, and distributed along an X axis, and projections of the two antennas in a Y direction at least partially overlap, to implement the distribution in parallel.
In a possible design, planes on which radiating elements of the first antenna and the second antenna are located are orthogonal. This solution provides a specific implementation of the distribution in parallel. For example, the first antenna may be located on an xoz plane, and the second antenna may be located on an xoy plane. Projections on the X axis at least partially overlap.
In a possible design, when the first antenna is a current loop antenna, the second antenna is any one of the following antennas: a magnetic loop antenna, a CM wire antenna, or a DM slot antenna. This solution provides a limitation on types of the two antennas in the scenario of distribution in parallel. It may be understood that the current loop antenna can excite a transverse current, and the magnetic loop antenna, the CM wire antenna, and the DM slot antenna can excite a longitudinal current, so that the first antenna and the second antenna achieve the high-isolation characteristic.
In a possible design, that the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at two opposite edges of the electronic device includes: the first antenna is arranged at a first position at a first edge of the electronic device, the second antenna is arranged at a second position at a second edge of the electronic device, and the first edge and the second edge are both adjacent to a third edge of the electronic device. This solution provides a specific position example of opposite distribution. In this example, two antennas in the terminal antenna system are used as an example. The two antennas may be arranged at two opposite edges of the electronic device (such as a mobile phone). For example, the first antenna is located at a left long edge of the mobile phone, and the second antenna is located at a right long edge of the mobile phone.
In a possible design, the first position and the second position are axially symmetrical about a center line of the third edge. This solution provides a limitation on an opposite position relationship between the first antenna and the second antenna. For example, the positions of the first antenna and the second antenna may be symmetrical about a center line of an upper edge of the mobile phone. In this way, the first antenna and the second antenna may be respectively located at upper, middle, or lower ends of the left and right long edges.
In a possible design, the first position is in the middle of the first edge, and the second position is in the middle of the second edge. This solution provides a specific limitation on the positions of the first antenna and the second antenna. For example, the first antenna may be in the middle of the left long edge, and the second antenna may be in the middle of the right long edge.
In a possible design, when the first antenna and the second antenna are fed directly, a feed point of the first antenna is arranged on a radiating element of the first antenna, a feed point of the second antenna is arranged on a radiating element of the second antenna, and the feed points of the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged on a same side of the radiating element of the first antenna and the radiating element of the second antenna. This solution provides an example of positions of the feed points of the directly fed antennas in scenarios of distribution in parallel and opposite distribution. For example, when the two antennas are distributed in parallel at an upper edge, the feed points of the two antennas may be both arranged at left ends or right ends of the radiating elements of the two antennas. For another example, when the two antennas are oppositely distributed at left and right edges, the feed points of the directly fed antennas may be both arranged at upper ends or lower ends of the radiating elements of the antennas.
In a possible design, the current loop antenna includes a current loop wire antenna and a current loop slot antenna. At least one first capacitor that is grounded is connected in parallel on a radiating element of the current loop wire antenna, and at least one second capacitor is connected in series on a radiating element of the current loop slot antenna. The first capacitor is used to adjust a current distribution on the current loop wire antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop wire antenna and the reference ground, and the second capacitor is used to adjust a current distribution on the current loop slot antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop slot antenna and the reference ground. This solution provides a specific description example of the current loop antenna.
In a possible design, the current loop wire antenna includes a current loop monopole antenna and a current loop dipole antenna, and the current loop slot antenna includes a current loop left-hand antenna and a current loop aperture antenna. This solution provides several specific type examples of the current loop antenna.
In a possible design, at least one first inductor that is grounded is connected in parallel on a radiating element of the magnetic loop wire antenna, and at least one second inductor is connected in series on a radiating element of the magnetic loop slot antenna. The first inductor is used to adjust a current distribution on the magnetic loop wire antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the magnetic loop wire antenna and the reference ground, and the second inductor is used to adjust a current distribution on the magnetic loop slot antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the magnetic loop slot antenna and the reference ground. This solution provides a specific description example of the magnetic loop antenna.
In a possible design, the magnetic loop wire antenna includes a magnetic loop monopole antenna and a magnetic loop dipole antenna, and the magnetic loop slot antenna includes a magnetic loop left-hand antenna and a magnetic loop aperture antenna. This solution provides several specific type examples of the magnetic loop antenna.
According to a second aspect, a high-isolation terminal antenna system is provided, and is applied to an electronic device. The terminal antenna system includes a first antenna and a second antenna, and the first antenna and the second antenna include at least one current loop antenna or magnetic loop antenna. The first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at a same edge of the electronic device; or the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at two opposite edges of the electronic device. When the current loop antenna is a current loop monopole antenna or a current loop dipole antenna, a first capacitor that is grounded is arranged at at least one end of a radiating element of the current loop antenna. When the current loop antenna is a current loop aperture antenna or a current loop left-hand antenna, at least one second capacitor is arranged in series on a radiating element of the current loop antenna. Capacitance ranges of the first capacitor and the second capacitor are set as follows: when an operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is at 450 MHz to 1 GHz, a capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [1.5 pF, 15 pF]; when an operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is at 1 GHz to 3 GHz, a capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [0.5 pF, 15 pF]; or when an operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is at 3 GHz to 10 GHz, a capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [1.2 pF, 12 pF]. When the magnetic loop antenna is a magnetic loop monopole antenna or a magnetic loop dipole antenna, a first inductor that is grounded is disposed at at least one end of a radiating element of the magnetic loop antenna. When the magnetic loop antenna is a magnetic loop aperture antenna or a magnetic loop left-hand antenna, at least one second inductor is arranged in series on a radiating element of the magnetic loop antenna Inductance ranges of the first inductor and the second inductor are set as follows: when an operating frequency band of the magnetic loop antenna is at 450 MHz to 1 GHz, an inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [5 nH, 47 nH]; when an operating frequency band of the magnetic loop antenna is at 1 GHz to 3 GHz, an inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [1 nH, 33 nH]; or when an operating frequency band of the magnetic loop antenna is at 3 GHz to 10 GHz, an inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [0.5 nH, 10 nH].
This solution provides two manners of obtaining high-isolation antennas that are arranged at different positions. In this example, the high-isolation antenna system may at least include one current loop antenna or magnetic loop antenna, to ensure that the antenna system can provide good radiation performance of at least one antenna for an operating frequency band. In addition, based on series position distribution or position distribution in parallel (in other words, the antennas are arranged at the same edge) and opposite position distribution (in other words, the antennas are arranged at two opposite edges), the two antennas can respectively excite orthogonal currents on a ground plane, to achieve a high-isolation characteristic. In addition, in this example, the values of the capacitors or the inductors arranged on the current loop antenna and the magnetic loop antenna are further limited.
In a possible design, when the first antenna is a magnetic loop antenna, the second antenna is a current loop antenna. This solution defines types of the antennas included in the antenna system in this application. For example, when one antenna is the magnetic loop antenna, the other antenna may be the current loop antenna.
In a possible design, the first antenna and the second antenna are fed directly: or the first antenna and the second antenna are fed in a coupled manner. This solution defines a feeding manner of the antennas included in the antenna system in this application. For example, any antenna in the terminal antenna system may be fed directly or in the coupled manner.
In a possible design, when the first antenna operates, a ground plane current is excited in a first direction; and when the second antenna operates, a ground plane current is excited in a second direction, where the first direction and the second direction are orthogonal. This solution provides descriptions indicating that the solution provided in this application can achieve the high-isolation characteristic. Because the two antennas can respectively excite the orthogonal (or approximately orthogonal) currents on the ground plane, the two antennas can achieve high isolation.
In a possible design, that the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at a same edge of the electronic device includes: the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at a first edge of the electronic device, and projections of the first antenna and the second antenna at the first edge do not overlap. This solution provides a specific position example of series distribution. In this example, two antennas in the terminal antenna system are used as an example. The two antennas may be distributed in series at the same edge of the electronic device (such as a mobile phone). For example, the two antennas are both located at an upper edge of the mobile phone, and distributed along an X axis, and the projections of the two antennas in a Y direction do not overlap, to implement the series distribution.
In a possible design, when the first antenna and the second antenna are fed directly, a feed point of the first antenna is arranged at an end of the first antenna close to the second antenna, and a feed point of the second antenna is arranged at an end of the second antenna close to the first antenna. Alternatively, a feed point of the first antenna is arranged at an end of the first antenna away from the second antenna, and a feed point of the second antenna is arranged at an end of the second antenna away from the first antenna. This solution provides a limitation on the feed point in the series distribution case. For example, the feed points of the two antennas may be arranged close to each other, or may be arranged away from each other.
In a possible design, the terminal antenna system further includes a third antenna, and the third antenna is also arranged at the first edge. Projections in a direction perpendicular to the first direction that are of radiating elements of the third antenna, the first antenna, and the second antenna do not overlap, and the second antenna is arranged between the first antenna and the third antenna. This solution provides an example of series distribution of three antennas. In this example, in addition to the first antenna and the second antenna, the third antenna may be further arranged. For example, the first antenna is arranged at a left part of a top edge of the mobile phone, the second antenna is arranged at a center of the top edge of the mobile phone, and the third antenna is arranged at a right part of the top edge of the mobile phone.
In a possible design, the first antenna is the magnetic loop antenna, the second antenna is the current loop antenna, and the third antenna is a magnetic loop antenna. This solution provides a limitation on a type of each antenna in a series distribution scenario of the three antennas.
In a possible design, the first antenna and the third antenna form a first distributed antenna pair, the first distributed antenna pair includes a first port, and the first port is connected to a port of the first antenna and a port of the third antenna; and when the terminal antenna system operates, feed signals of an equal amplitude and a same phase are respectively input to the first antenna and the third antenna through the first port. This solution provides an example of a feeding excitation manner of each antenna in the series distribution scenario of the three antennas. In this example, the first antenna and the third antenna may form the distributed antenna pair. The port of the first antenna and the port of the second antenna may be connected to the first port for feeding, and the first antenna and the third antenna are symmetrically fed through the first port. In this way, a ground plane current excited by the distributed antenna pair including the first antenna and the third antenna may be orthogonally distributed with the ground plane current excited by the second antenna, to achieve the high-isolation characteristic.
In a possible design, all the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna are current loop antennas. This solution provides another limitation on a type of each antenna in a series distribution scenario of the three antennas.
In a possible design, the first antenna and the third antenna form a second distributed antenna pair, the second distributed antenna pair includes a second port, and the second port is connected to a port of the first antenna and a port of the third antenna; and when the terminal antenna system operates, feed signals of an equal amplitude and opposite phases are respectively input to the first antenna and the third antenna through the first port. A direction of a ground plane current excited by the second distributed antenna pair is orthogonal to a direction of the ground plane current excited by the second antenna. According to this solution, the first antenna and the third antenna (namely, a left current loop antenna and a right current loop antenna) may be asymmetrically fed, so that the ground plane current excited by the distributed antenna pair including the first antenna and the third antenna may be orthogonally distributed with the ground plane current excited by the second antenna, to achieve the high-isolation characteristic.
In a possible design, that the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at a same edge of the electronic device includes: the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at a first edge of the electronic device, and projections of the first antenna and the second antenna at the first edge at least partially overlap. This solution provides a specific position example of distribution in parallel. In this example, two antennas in the terminal antenna system are used as an example. The two antennas may be distributed in parallel at the same edge of the electronic device (such as a mobile phone). For example, the two antennas are both located at an upper edge of the mobile phone, and distributed along an X axis, and projections of the two antennas in a Y direction at least partially overlap, to implement the distribution in parallel.
In a possible design, planes on which radiating elements of the first antenna and the second antenna are located are orthogonal. This solution provides a specific implementation of the distribution in parallel. For example, the first antenna may be located on an xoz plane, and the second antenna may be located on an xoy plane. Projections on the X axis at least partially overlap.
In a possible design, when the first antenna is a current loop antenna, the second antenna is any one of the following antennas: a magnetic loop antenna, a CM wire antenna, or a DM slot antenna. This solution provides a limitation on types of the two antennas in the scenario of distribution in parallel. It may be understood that the current loop antenna can excite a transverse current, and the magnetic loop antenna, the CM wire antenna, and the DM slot antenna can excite a longitudinal current, so that the first antenna and the second antenna achieve the high-isolation characteristic.
In a possible design, that the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged at two opposite edges of the electronic device includes: the first antenna is arranged at a first position at a first edge of the electronic device, the second antenna is arranged at a second position at a second edge of the electronic device, and the first edge and the second edge are both adjacent to a third edge of the electronic device. This solution provides a specific position example of opposite distribution. In this example, two antennas in the terminal antenna system are used as an example. The two antennas may be arranged at two opposite edges of the electronic device (such as a mobile phone). For example, the first antenna is located at a left long edge of the mobile phone, and the second antenna is located at a right long edge of the mobile phone.
In a possible design, the first position and the second position are axially symmetrical about a center line of the third edge. This solution provides a limitation on an opposite position relationship between the first antenna and the second antenna. For example, the positions of the first antenna and the second antenna may be symmetrical about a center line of an upper edge of the mobile phone. In this way, the first antenna and the second antenna may be respectively located at upper, middle, or lower ends of the left and right long edges.
In a possible design, the first position is in the middle of the first edge, and the second position is in the middle of the second edge. This solution provides a specific limitation on the positions of the first antenna and the second antenna. For example, the first antenna may be in the middle of the left long edge, and the second antenna may be in the middle of the right long edge.
In a possible design, when the first antenna and the second antenna are fed directly, a feed point of the first antenna is arranged on a radiating element of the first antenna, a feed point of the second antenna is arranged on a radiating element of the second antenna, and the feed points of the first antenna and the second antenna are arranged on a same side of the radiating element of the first antenna and the radiating element of the second antenna. This solution provides an example of positions of the feed points of the directly fed antennas in scenarios of distribution in parallel and opposite distribution. For example, when the two antennas are distributed in parallel at an upper edge, the feed points of the two antennas may be both arranged at left ends or right ends of the radiating elements of the two antennas. For another example, when the two antennas are oppositely distributed at left and right edges, the feed points of the directly fed antennas may be both arranged at upper ends or lower ends of the radiating elements of the antennas.
According to a third aspect, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device is provided with the terminal antenna system according to any one of the first aspect and the possible designs of the first aspect. When the electronic device transmits or receives a signal, the signal is transmitted or received through the terminal antenna system.
It should be understood that all the technical features of the technical solutions provided in the second aspect and the third aspect can correspond to the terminal antenna system provided in the first aspect and the possible designs of the first aspect. Therefore, similar beneficial effects can be achieved. Details are not described herein again.
With development of wireless communication technologies, multiple antennas usually need to be arranged in an electronic device to meet requirements of the electronic device on wireless communication functions. Operating frequency bands of some antennas may overlap partially or completely, thereby improving communication capabilities of the corresponding frequency bands.
With reference to
It may be understood that because E1 and E2 has the same operating frequency band, signals received by E2 may include a signal sent by E1. It is clear that the electronic device does not need to receive the signal. Therefore, the signal is an invalid signal for operation of E2. In other words, when E1 and E2 operate simultaneously, the two antennas may affect each other. This reduces wireless communication efficiency of the antennas.
The foregoing uses a scenario in which E1 performs transmission and E2 performs reception as an example. In another scenario, a similar problem may also exist to reduce the wireless communication efficiency of the antennas. For example, in a scenario in which E1 performs reception and E2 performs transmission, a similar mechanism also causes the same problem. In addition, when the operating frequency bands of E1 and E2 are different, using an example in which the operating frequency band of E1 is lower than that of E2, although the operating frequency band of E1 does not overlap that of E2, a multiple of a corresponding resonance frequency when E1 operates may also affect operation of E2.
To resolve a problem of mutual impact in a multi-antenna scenario, the impact between antennas can be reduced by improving isolation (isolation) between the antennas. Better isolation between the antennas indicates smaller mutual impact between the antennas. The isolation may be identified by a normalized value. Using dual-port isolation as an example, the isolation may be identified by S21 (or S12) in S parameters, and values of S21 at different frequencies correspond to dual-port isolation at the frequencies. After normalization, a maximum value of the isolation does not exceed 0. A larger absolute value of the isolation indicates better isolation and smaller impact between the antennas. Correspondingly, a smaller absolute value of the isolation indicates worse isolation and larger impact between the antennas. For ease of description, in the following examples, the absolute value of the isolation is referred to as the isolation for short. For example, that the absolute value of the isolation is large is referred to as that the isolation is large for short. For another example, that the absolute value of the isolation is small is referred to as that the isolation is small for short.
It should be understood that radiation performance of antennas also affects isolation between the antennas. Still with reference to the example shown in
To resolve the foregoing problem, embodiments of this application provide a high-isolation antenna solution, to enable antennas to provide good radiation performance and have high isolation. It should be noted that the radiation performance in the embodiments of this application may refer to radiation efficiency and/or system efficiency of the corresponding antenna. The radiation efficiency may identify a maximum radiation capability of an antenna system, and the system efficiency identifies a status of efficiency that the antenna can provide under a current environment and port matching.
The following first describes an implementation scenario of the high-isolation antenna solution provided in the embodiments of this application.
The antenna solution provided in the embodiments of this application can be applied to an electronic device of a user, to support a wireless communication function of the electronic device. For example, the electronic device may be a portable mobile device such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA), an augmented reality (augmented reality, AR)/virtual reality (virtual reality, VR) device, and a media player, or the electronic device may be a wearable electronic device such as a smartwatch. A specific form of the device is not particularly limited in the embodiments of this application.
The screen and the cover plate 201 may be configured to implement a display function of the electronic device 200. The metal housing 202 may be used as a main frame of the electronic device 200, and provide a rigid support for the electronic device 200. The internal structure 203 may include a set of electronic components and mechanical components for implementing various functions of the electronic device 200. For example, the internal structure 203 may include a shielding cover, a screw, and a reinforcement rib. The back cover 204 may be an exterior surface of the back of the electronic device 200, and may be made of a glass material, a ceramic material, plastic, and the like in different implementations.
The antenna solution provided in the embodiments of this application can be applied to the electronic device 200 shown in
In an example, the metal housing 202 has a metal framework.
In the example shown in
This example also shows arrangement of a printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB) on the metal housing. An example in which a main board (main board) and a sub board (sub board) are separately designed is used. In some other examples, the main board and the sub board may alternatively be connected, for example, in an L-shaped PCB design. In some embodiments of this application, the main board (such as a PCB 1) may be configured to bear the electronic components for implementing various functions of the electronic device 200, for example, a processor, a memory, and a radio frequency module. The sub board (such as a PCB 2) may also be configured to bear the electronic components, for example, a universal serial bus (Universal Serial Bus, USB) interface, a related circuit, and a speak box (speak box). For another example, the sub board may alternatively be configured to bear a radio frequency circuit corresponding to an antenna arranged at the bottom (in other words, in a negative y-axis direction of the electronic device).
All the antenna solutions provided in the embodiments of this application can be applied to an electronic device having the composition shown in
It should be noted that the electronic device 200 in the foregoing example is merely a possible composition. In some other embodiments of this application, the electronic device 200 may alternatively have another logical composition. For example, to implement the wireless communication function of the electronic device 200, a communication module shown in
In this example, multiple antennas, for example, an antenna 1 to an antenna n shown in
With reference to the accompanying drawings, the following first briefly describes the magnetic loop antenna and the current loop antenna.
For example, by using a composition feature of the current loop antenna in the solutions provided in the embodiments of this application, the antenna may have a current distribution and a magnetic field distribution shown in
As shown in
In a preferred embodiment, a dielectric material is arranged between the radiating branch of the antenna and the reference ground. Because an electromagnetic field formed by the current loop antenna shown in
It is experimentally verified that the current loop antenna with the uniform magnetic field distribution can provide better radiation performance under a same spatial condition. For example, the current loop antenna can provide better radiation efficiency, system efficiency, and bandwidth.
In an example,
A first capacitor connected in parallel may be arranged on the current loop wire antenna to achieve an operating mechanism shown in
Corresponding to the current loop wire antenna, the current loop slot antenna may be provided with a second capacitor connected in series, to achieve the operating mechanism shown in
It can be learned that a capacitor that is grounded is arranged at at least one end of the radiating element of each of the current loop slot antenna and the current loop wire antenna. In the embodiments of this application, when the current loop antenna operates in different frequency bands, a value of the grounded capacitor arranged at the end may vary.
For example, when the operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is a low band (Low Band, LB), values of capacitors C1 and C2 arranged at the end of the radiating branch may fall within [1.5 pF, 15 pF]. When the operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is a mid band (Mid Band, MB), values of capacitors C1 and C2 arranged at the end of the radiating branch may fall within [0.5 pF, 15 pF]. When the operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is a high band (High Band, HB), values of capacitors C1 and C2 arranged at the end of the radiating branch may fall within [1.2 pF, 12 pF].
In the embodiments of this application, an operating frequency band covered by an antenna pair may include a low band, a mid band, and/or a high band. In some embodiments, the low band may include a frequency band range of 450 MHz to 1 GHz. The mid band may include a frequency band range of 1 GHz to 3 GHz. The high band may include a frequency band range of 3 GHz to 10 GHz. It may be understood that in different embodiments, the low band, the mid band, and the high band may include but are not limited to operating frequency bands required by a Bluetooth (Bluetooth. BT) communication technology, a global positioning system (global positioning system, GPS) communication technology, a wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, Wi-Fi) communication technology, a global system for mobile communications (global system for mobile communications, GSM) communication technology, a wideband code division multiple access (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA) communication technology, a long term evolution (long term evolution. LTE) communication technology, a 5G communication technology, a SUB-6G communication technology, and another communication technology in the future. In some implementations, the LB, MB, and HB can include common frequency bands such as a 5G NR band, a Wi-Fi 6E band, and a UWB.
The following uses specific examples to describe different compositions of the current loop antenna.
(a) in
(b) in
(c) in
(d) in
In the example shown in
As shown in
It should be understood that other current loop antennas may also be excited in the coupled feeding manner. There may also be multiple structures of the feeding branch. For details, refer to the following patent applications: No. 202110961752.4, No. 202110963510.9, No. 202110961755.8, and No. 202110962491.8. Details are not described herein again.
Examples of descriptions of the current loop antenna are provided with reference to
For example,
In a possible implementation, for the magnetic loop antenna provided in this embodiment of this application, an inductor may be connected in series and/or parallel on the radiating branch based on an existing electric field antenna, so that a position with a high potential on a radiating element can be grounded in a closest path through the inductor, to reduce the potential at the position and pull down an electric field near the position with the high potential. Correspondingly, a magnetic energy storage characteristic of the inductor is set, to cause a time difference between an electric field change and a current change in an area with a low electric field. Therefore, when a current increases according to a current provided by the feed point, an electric field in the original area with the low electric field may be rapidly enhanced, and an electric field in an original area with a high electric field remains high for a subsequent period of time. In this way, the uniformly distributed electric field near the radiating branch is obtained.
It should be understood that when space near the radiating branch has the uniformly distributed electric field, a closed magnetic loop may be formed in the space. In other words, the radiation feature of the magnetic loop antenna in this embodiment of this application may include: generating a closed magnetic loop distribution near the radiating branch. For example, as shown in
Based on the foregoing characteristic descriptions of the magnetic loop antenna (for example, the radiation feature of the magnetic loop antenna) provided in the embodiments of this application in the operating process, because the magnetic loop antenna provided in the embodiments of this application can generate the uniform electric field (or the closed magnetic loop) for radiation during operation, with reference to the foregoing descriptions, the magnetic loop antenna can provide better radiation performance than a common electric field antenna with a non-uniform electric field.
In a preferred embodiment, a magnetic medium material is arranged between the radiating branch of the antenna and the reference ground. An electromagnetic field formed by the magnetic loop antenna shown in
It should be noted that in different implementations of this application, based on a difference in composition structures of magnetic loop antennas, the magnetic loop antennas may be classified into a magnetic loop wire antenna and a magnetic loop slot antenna. The magnetic loop wire antenna may include a magnetic loop monopole antenna, a magnetic loop dipole antenna, and the like. The magnetic loop slot antenna may include a magnetic loop left-hand antenna, a magnetic loop aperture antenna, and the like.
A first inductor connected in parallel may be arranged on the magnetic loop wire antenna to achieve an operating mechanism shown in
Corresponding to the magnetic loop wire antenna, the magnetic loop slot antenna may be provided with a second inductor connected in series, to achieve the operating mechanism shown in
It can be learned that an inductor that is grounded is arranged at at least one end of the radiating element of each of the magnetic loop slot antenna and the magnetic loop wire antenna. In the embodiments of this application, when the magnetic loop antenna operates in different frequency bands, a value of the grounded inductor arranged at the end may vary.
For example, when the magnetic loop wire antenna operates in the LB, an inductance value of the inductor may fall within a range of 5 nH to 47 nH. When the magnetic loop wire antenna operates in the MB, an inductance value of the inductor may fall within a range of 1 nH to 33 nH. When the magnetic loop wire antenna operates in the HB, an inductance value of the inductor may fall within a range of 0.5 nH to 10 nH.
(a) in
(b) in
(c) in
(d) in
In the example shown in
In the high-isolation antenna solution provided in the embodiments of this application, the current loop antenna and/or the magnetic loop antenna provided in the foregoing examples and/or an existing antenna may be used to form an antenna pair in an antenna system including multiple antennas, where the antenna pair may have high isolation. In addition, because the current loop antenna/magnetic loop antenna provides good radiation performance, radiation performance of the antenna system including the antenna pair can be ensured while the high isolation is achieved.
In the embodiments of this application, relative position relationships of two or more antennas may include a series position relationship, a position relationship in parallel, an opposite position relationship, and an orthogonal position relationship. Using two antennas as an example, series position arrangement may include that the two or more antennas are arranged at a same edge of an electronic device, and projections of the antennas at the edge do not overlap. Position arrangement in parallel may include that the two or more antennas are arranged at a same edge of an electronic device, and projections of the two antennas in parallel at the edge at which the two antennas are arranged at least partially overlap. In some embodiments, planes on which radiating elements of the two antennas in parallel are located are orthogonal. Opposite position arrangement may include that the two antennas are arranged at two opposite edges of an electronic device. Orthogonal position arrangement may include that the two antennas are arranged at two adjacent edges of the electronic device.
It should be understood that based on a distinction between a common mode and a differential mode, existing antennas may at least include a common mode (Common Mode, CM) antenna, a differential mode (Differential Mode, DM) antenna, and the like. Based on different implementation forms, the CM antenna and the DM antenna may further be classified into a CM wire (Wire) antenna, a CM slot (Slot) antenna, a DM wire antenna, and a DM slot antenna. In some embodiments, the CM slot antenna may be excited through asymmetrical feeding. Correspondingly, the DM slot antenna may be excited through symmetrical feeding.
The embodiments of this application use an example in which the high-isolation antenna pair includes two antennas. The two antennas may at least include one current loop antenna or magnetic loop antenna. The other antenna in the high-isolation antenna pair may be a current loop antenna, a magnetic loop antenna, a CM antenna, or a DM antenna. Table 1 lists an illustration of radiation combination effects of the two antennas in the antenna pair achieved when different antenna forms are arranged in parallel. For ease of description, an example in which the two antennas are arranged in parallel at a center of one edge of the electronic device is used.
As listed in Table 1, the current loop antenna and any of the following antennas may achieve the high-isolation effect: the magnetic loop antenna, the CM wire antenna, and the DM slot antenna.
The magnetic loop antenna and any of the following antennas may achieve the high-isolation effect: the current loop antenna, the DM wire antenna, and the CM slot antenna.
The high-isolation effect achieved by the current loop antenna or the magnetic loop antenna and another antenna may be obtained from orthogonal spatial field distributions formed by exciting orthogonal (or approximately orthogonal) currents on the ground plane. In a specific implementation, the foregoing antenna pair composition with the high-isolation characteristic may achieve the high-isolation effect through the series position arrangement, the position arrangement in parallel, or the opposite position arrangement.
In addition, Table 1 also lists possible compositions of antenna pairs with strong coupling, which differs from the high-isolation effect. It should be noted that the two antennas in the antenna pair with the high-isolation effect can respectively excite orthogonal currents on the ground plane during operation. Therefore, the high-isolation effect can be achieved through the position arrangement such as series arrangement, arrangement in parallel, or opposite arrangement. Correspondingly, two antennas in the antenna pair with strong coupling can excite parallel or approximately parallel currents on the ground plane during operation, to achieve a high-isolation characteristic of the antenna pair with strong coupling through orthogonal position arrangement. The strong coupling relationship may be that when two radiation systems (such as two antennas) operate simultaneously, a significant mutual effect such as positive superposition or negative superposition is caused. For example, when the two antennas operate simultaneously, directions of ground plane currents respectively excited by the antennas are the same or approximately the same, to correspond to the strong coupling relationship.
As listed in Table 1, in the position relationship in parallel, antenna combinations with the strong-coupling characteristic may include:
-
- an antenna combination including the current loop antenna and any of the following antennas: the current loop antenna, the DM wire antenna, and the CM slot antenna; and
- an antenna combination including the magnetic loop antenna and any of the following antennas: the magnetic loop antenna, the CM wire antenna, and the DM slot antenna.
It should be understood that in the series and opposite position arrangement, a case in which each antenna excites a ground plane current is similar to the case in the position arrangement in parallel. Therefore, in the series or opposite position arrangement, the high-isolation or strong-coupling characteristic corresponding to the position relationship in parallel can also be obtained.
The following first provides examples of descriptions of the series position arrangement, the position arrangement in parallel, the opposite position arrangement, the orthogonal position arrangement, and the like with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In some embodiments,
In some other embodiments,
In some other embodiments,
In some other embodiments,
It may be understood that the descriptions of the relative position relationship in
With reference to the foregoing descriptions about that the combination of different types of antennas achieves the high-isolation characteristic, in some embodiments, the current loop antenna and the magnetic loop antenna, the CM wire antenna, or the DM slot antenna; and the magnetic loop antenna and the current loop antenna, the DM wire antenna, or the CM slot antenna may achieve the high-isolation characteristic in a parallel distribution form. Correspondingly, the current loop antenna and the current loop antenna, the CM slot antenna, or the DM wire antenna; and the magnetic loop antenna and the magnetic loop antenna, the DM slot antenna, or the CM wire antenna may achieve the high-isolation characteristic in an orthogonal distribution form.
In addition, in the foregoing examples, descriptions are provided by using achievement of the high-isolation characteristic of the high-isolation antenna pair including two antennas as an example. The embodiments of this application further provide achievement of a high-isolation characteristic and an operating mechanism of a high-isolation antenna group including three or more antennas. A specific implementation is elaborated on in the following descriptions.
For example,
As shown in (a) in
As shown in (b) in
As shown in (c) in
As shown in (d) in
It should be noted that in the high-isolation antenna solution provided in the embodiments of this application, good radiation performance can be provided because at least one current loop antenna or magnetic loop antenna is used.
High-isolation characteristics of both the high-isolation antenna pair including two antennas and a high-isolation antenna group including more antennas are mostly generated through orthogonality of currents excited on a ground plane.
For example, with reference to
The high-isolation antenna group may include at least two antennas that may form a distributed antenna structure. The distributed antenna structure and at least one other antenna can respectively excite orthogonal currents on the ground plane. An effect thereof is similar to the current distribution shown in
The solution provided in the embodiments of this application can not only provide high isolation, but also provide good radiation performance for the antenna pair based on excellent radiation performance of the current loop antenna and/or the magnetic loop antenna.
It should be understood that the antenna can provide more effective radiation by exciting the ground plane during operation. Generally, when a position of the antenna matches a ground plane eigenmode, radiation by the ground plane can be more effectively excited.
In this example, antennas may be classified into an electric field antenna and a magnetic field antenna based on radiation characteristics of the antennas. The current loop antenna is a magnetic field antenna, and corresponds to a current distribution feature that matches the ground plane eigenmode. It should be understood that when the magnetic field antenna is placed at a position with a large current distribution of the ground plane eigenmode, a ground plane current can be better excited. A strong current is excited on the ground plane, and can correspondingly generate a strong magnetic field, so that radiation by the ground plane can provide good assistance for the radiation by the antenna. That is, good radiation by the ground plane may serve as a part of the radiation by the antenna, so that the antenna can achieve good radiation performance. In other words, arranging the current loop antenna at a position with a high current distribution of the ground plane eigenmode in a corresponding frequency band can more effectively excite the ground plane for radiation, thereby obtaining good radiation performance of the current loop antenna. Correspondingly, the magnetic loop antenna is an electric field antenna, and corresponds to an electric field distribution feature that matches the ground plane eigenmode. In other words, arranging the magnetic loop antenna at a position with a high electric field distribution of the ground plane eigenmode in a corresponding frequency band can more effectively excite the ground plane for radiation, thereby obtaining good radiation performance of the magnetic loop antenna.
For example,
In the following examples, examples of a solution to arranging the high-isolation antenna pair provided in the embodiments of this application are described with reference to eigenmode matching characteristics corresponding to different antennas.
A high-isolation antenna solution in the parallel distribution is first described.
For example,
With reference to descriptions of the ground plane eigenmode in
It should be understood that directions of currents excited by the magnetic loop antenna on the ground plane during operation may be shown in (a) in
It should be noted that the descriptions of
Using the composition shown in
In this example, as shown in
With reference to a far-field directivity pattern shown in
For example, refer to S parameter simulation shown in
Refer to
The foregoing descriptions are provided by using an example in which the antenna pair includes two magnetic loop antennas. The current loop antenna and/or the magnetic loop antenna may be fed in a coupled manner or directly. In some other embodiments of this application, the antenna pair in the series distribution may further include other antennas capable of exciting transverse and longitudinal currents of the ground plane.
For example, in some embodiments, the antenna pair in the series distribution may include one current loop antenna and either of the CM wire antenna and the DM slot antenna. The current loop antenna can excite a current on the ground plane and parallel to an edge at which the current loop antenna is located. Correspondingly, the CM wire antenna or the DM slot antenna can excite a current on the ground plane and perpendicular (or approximately perpendicular) to the edge at which the current loop antenna is located. This achieves the high-isolation characteristic.
In some other embodiments, the antenna pair in the series distribution may include one magnetic loop antenna and either of the DM wire antenna and the CM slot antenna. The magnetic loop antenna can excite a current on the ground plane and perpendicular (or approximately perpendicular) to an edge at which the magnetic loop antenna is located. Correspondingly, the DM wire antenna or the CM slot antenna can excite a current on the ground plane and parallel (or approximately parallel) to the edge at which the magnetic loop antenna is located. This achieves the high-isolation characteristic.
For example, (a) in
Ground plane current excitation by another antenna form (such as the CM wire antenna) that can excite a longitudinal current is similar to that of the magnetic loop antenna, the magnetic loop antenna can also achieve the high-isolation effect in a specific direction with antenna forms including the CM wire antenna and the DM slot antenna. The high-isolation antenna form in the series distribution should also fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.
It should be noted that in the foregoing examples, descriptions are provided by using an example in which a high-isolation antenna pair includes two antennas. In some other implementations of this application, more antennas may be used to achieve the high-isolation effect.
For example, a high-isolation antenna group may include three or more antennas. Three antennas are used as an example. Two of the three antennas may be equivalent to a distributed antenna structure. In this way, the distributed antenna structure and the remaining antenna can achieve the high-isolation effect in the series distribution by exciting orthogonal currents on the ground plane. In this application, an antenna group with the high-isolation characteristic including three or more antennas may be referred to as a high-isolation antenna group.
In an example,
During feeding, the two magnetic loop antennas (for example, the magnetic loop antenna M13 and the magnetic loop antenna M14) may be symmetrically fed (of an equal amplitude and a same phase) to form a single-port distributed antenna structure 1. In other words, feed signals fed into the magnetic loop antenna M13 and the magnetic loop antenna M14 are of the equal amplitude and the same phase. In this way, when operating, the two magnetic loop antennas form the distributed antenna structure 1. During the symmetrical feeding of the distributed antenna structure 1, as shown in
Still refer to
During feeding, the two current loop antennas (for example, the current loop antenna E13 and the current loop antenna E14) may be symmetrically fed (of an equal amplitude and a same phase) to form a single-port distributed antenna structure 2. This is similar to the foregoing descriptions in (a) in
With reference to the foregoing descriptions of the high-isolation and good-radiation characteristics in (a) in
As can be learned, in the examples shown in
In some other implementations of this application, the high-isolation antenna group may alternatively include antennas of a same type, and the antennas of the same type may be divided into two groups based on a feeding difference.
For example, with reference to (a) in
In this way, the distributed antenna pair 3 and the current loop antenna E16 may respectively excite orthogonal currents on the ground plane, to achieve a high-isolation characteristic.
For example,
Still with reference to
In this way, a transverse ground plane current distribution excited by the distributed antenna pair 4 and a longitudinal ground plane current excited by the magnetic loop antenna M17 form orthogonal currents, thereby obtaining the high-isolation characteristic.
With reference to the foregoing descriptions, because the two examples of the high-isolation antenna group shown in
In addition, it should be noted that, the composition of the high-isolation antenna group shown in
Based on the foregoing descriptions, it can be learned that in the series distribution provided in this example, at least one current loop antenna and/or magnetic loop antenna may be arranged in the antenna pair, to obtain both good radiation performance and high isolation, thereby reducing mutual impact between the antennas in the antenna pair and improving overall radiation performance.
With reference to the accompanying drawings, the following describes the high-isolation antenna pair solution in the distribution in parallel provided in the embodiments of this application. An example in which the antenna pair includes two antennas (for example, an antenna B1 and an antenna B2), the antenna B1 is a magnetic loop antenna M21, and the antenna B2 is a current loop antenna E21 is used. In some embodiments, as shown in
As shown in
In addition, the antenna B2 may be the current loop antenna E21 shown in
In a possible implementation,
The antenna pair in the distribution in parallel also has high isolation. For example, in this example, the antenna B1 may excite a longitudinal current on the ground plane, and the antenna B2 may excite a transverse current on the ground plane. This can be verified with reference to ground plane current simulation shown in
Based on the foregoing descriptions, it should be understood that the antenna pair including the antenna B1 and the antenna B2 distributed in parallel may have high isolation because of the orthogonality of the excited ground plane. In this example, the antenna pair including the antenna B1 and the antenna B2 may include one current loop antenna and one magnetic loop antenna.
Because of good radiation characteristics of the current loop antenna and the magnetic loop antenna, even in the scenario of distribution in parallel, the antenna pair can provide good radiation performance.
For example,
That is, the antenna pair in the distribution in parallel provided in this example can provide good radiation performance (for example, including the radiation efficiency and/or the system efficiency) while having high isolation.
The foregoing descriptions use an example in which the antenna pair in the distribution in parallel is arranged at a top middle position of the electronic device. With reference to the foregoing distribution of the ground plane eigenmode, radiation of the current loop antenna can be well excited at the top middle position. Therefore, in the efficiency illustration shown in
In some other implementations, the position of the antenna pair may be moved to appropriately adjust excitation of the ground plane by the antennas in the antenna pair, to flexibly adjust radiation performance of the antennas. For example, with reference to
With reference to illustration of efficiency simulation shown in
Therefore, through the foregoing simulation verification, the antenna pair in the distribution in parallel is moved to the upper left corner of the electronic device, to significantly improve the radiation performance of the magnetic loop antenna M21, and ensure that the radiation performance of the current loop antenna E21 is not greatly affected.
The foregoing descriptions of the high-isolation antenna pair in the distribution in parallel use the example in which the antenna pair includes the current loop antenna fed in the coupled manner and the magnetic loop antenna fed in the coupled manner. In some other embodiments of this application, the antenna pair may alternatively include a current loop antenna fed directly and/or a magnetic loop antenna fed directly. In some other embodiments of this application, the antenna pair may alternatively include another existing antenna, for example, the CM antenna and/or the DM antenna in the foregoing examples.
For example,
When the antenna pair with the composition shown in
The following provides descriptions by using S parameter simulation and efficiency simulation. As shown in
This proves that the antenna pair in the distribution in parallel and with the composition of the current loop antenna E21 and the existing antenna (for example, the CM wire antenna) shown in
The following continues to use an example to describe an antenna pair including the current loop/magnetic loop antenna and an existing antenna in a scenario of distribution in parallel.
Refer to
When the antenna pair with the composition shown in
The following provides descriptions by using S parameter simulation and efficiency simulation. As shown in
This proves that the antenna pair in the distribution in parallel and with the composition of the current loop antenna E21 and the existing antenna (for example, the DM slot antenna) shown in
It may be understood that high-isolation antenna pairs including the existing antenna may further include an antenna pair including the current loop antenna and the CM wire antenna or the DM slot antenna. For example, as shown in
Based on the descriptions in
For example, as shown in
It should be noted that in different implementations, specific implementations of the antenna C1 and the antenna C2 may vary. In an example,
As shown in (a) in
As shown in (b) in
In addition, as shown in (c) in
In addition, in the example shown in
For example, based on (c) in
As shown in
It should be understood that the coupled feeding illustrated in
As shown in
To more clearly describe the effect of the antenna solution provided in the embodiments of this application, with reference to
For example,
A far-field directivity pattern of the antenna group with the structure shown in
In addition, the examples shown in (a) and (b) in
It should be noted that similar to the foregoing descriptions of the solutions of the series distribution and distribution in parallel, the solution of the opposite distribution may alternatively enable the current loop antenna and magnetic loop antenna to be of a structure different from those in the foregoing examples and fed in the coupled manner, which is different from the direct feeding. An effect that the solution of the opposite distribution can achieve is similar, and details are not described herein again.
Therefore, based on the foregoing solution descriptions in
In the following descriptions, with reference to the accompanying drawings, examples are used to describe achievement of a high-isolation characteristic of an antenna pair (antenna group) with the strong-coupling antenna composition listed in Table 1 in the orthogonal distribution case.
In this example, a high-isolation antenna pair including at least two antennas whose positions are orthogonal may be arranged on an electronic device to achieve the high isolation. The orthogonal positions may be: the two antennas are respectively arranged at two adjacent edges of the electronic device. Using an example in which the electronic device is a mobile phone, one antenna may be arranged at a short edge of the mobile phone, and the other antenna may be arranged at any long edge of the mobile phone adjacent to the short edge.
In a possible implementation, with reference to the descriptions in Table 1, the high-isolation antenna pair in the orthogonal distribution may include any of the following combinations:
-
- one antenna is the current loop antenna, and the other antenna is the current loop antenna, the DM wire antenna, or the CM slot antenna; or one antenna is the magnetic loop antenna, and the other antenna is the magnetic loop antenna, the CM wire antenna, or the DM slot antenna.
During operation, the two antennas may respectively excite orthogonal currents on a ground plane, thereby obtaining orthogonal spatial field distributions and achieving the high-isolation characteristic. In addition, the high-isolation antenna pair can provide good radiation characteristic because the current loop antennas and/or the magnetic loop antenna is used.
For example, in some embodiments, the high-isolation antenna pair may include two current loop antennas. For example, as shown in (a) in
In the example of (a) in
In this way, when the high-isolation antenna pair including the current loop antenna E31 and the current loop antenna E32 operates, the current loop antenna E31 can excite a transverse current at a short edge of a ground plane, and correspondingly, the current loop antenna E32 can excite a longitudinal current at a long edge of the ground plane, thereby exciting orthogonal currents on the ground plane, obtaining orthogonal spatial field distributions in a far field, and therefore achieving a high-isolation effect.
Similar to (a) in
As described in the foregoing examples, an example in which the current loop antenna E32/the magnetic loop antenna M32 is arranged at the top of the left long edge is used for description. It can be understood that when the high-isolation antenna pair operates near the mid band (at 2 GHz), large current points corresponding to the ground plane are located at two ends of the side edge, and a ground plane current at the center of the side edge is small. Therefore, for the current loop antenna that is a magnetic field antenna, good performance can be achieved when the current loop antenna E32 is arranged at the two ends of the long edge. For example, in some other embodiments, the current loop antenna E32 may alternatively be arranged at the bottom of the long edge of the electronic device, and the longitudinal current at the long edge can also be excited, thereby achieving high isolation from the current loop antenna E31. Similarly, the current loop antenna E32 may alternatively be arranged at a large current position corresponding to a right long edge of the mobile phone, thereby achieving good radiation performance and high isolation from the current loop antenna E31.
The following uses an example in which the high-isolation antenna pair in the orthogonal distribution has the composition in (b) in
For example, as shown in
For example, with reference to an S parameter simulation effect in
In the foregoing descriptions of the orthogonal distribution, the example in which the antenna arranged at the side edge is located at two ends (for example, the top or bottom of the side edge of the mobile phone) is used. In some other embodiments of this application, the antenna at the side edge may alternatively be arranged at the center of the side edge.
For example, refer to
The high-isolation antenna pair having the composition shown in (a) in
In an actual application process of the orthogonal high-isolation antenna pair, the position of the current loop antenna/magnetic loop antenna at the side edge may be flexibly set according to a specific environmental requirement, thereby achieving the high-isolation characteristic.
The foregoing descriptions of the high-isolation antenna solution in the orthogonal distribution are provided by using an example in which the antenna solution includes one antenna pair that includes two antennas. In some other embodiments of this application, the high-isolation antenna solution in the orthogonal distribution may alternatively include more antennas. For example, the high-isolation antenna solution in the orthogonal distribution may be provided with a high-isolation antenna group including three or more antennas. The high-isolation antenna group may include a distributed antenna structure including two or more antennas. The distributed antenna structure may achieve a high-isolation effect with another antenna in the high-isolation antenna group.
For example,
As shown in (a) in
In some other embodiments, as shown in (b) in
Using the structure illustrated in (a) in
Using the structure illustrated in (b) in
The high-isolation antenna groups including multiple orthogonally distributed antennas in
An embodiment of this application further provides another high-isolation antenna group including multiple orthogonally distributed antennas. Different antennas (distributed antenna structures) in the high-isolation antenna group may be asymmetrically fed to achieve a high-isolation characteristic.
For example,
As shown in (a) in
As shown in (b) in
The following describes the effects of the foregoing solutions with reference to examples of directivity pattern simulation and S parameter simulation.
For example,
It should be noted that the example in (a) in
During operation, feed signals fed into the magnetic loop antenna M36 and the magnetic loop antenna M37 may be asymmetrical feed signals. For example, the magnetic loop antenna M36 is fed by using a feed signal f9, and the magnetic loop antenna M37 may be fed by using a signal (for example, obtained through an inverter) of an equal amplitude and an opposite phase with the feed signal 19, and the magnetic loop antenna M35 may also be fed by using a feed signal f10, to achieve the high-isolation characteristic of operating modes of the magnetic loop antenna M35 and the distributed antennas including the magnetic loop antenna M36 and the magnetic loop antenna M37.
For example,
That is, the distributed high-isolation antenna group provided in this embodiment of this application can obtain the high-isolation characteristic regardless of whether the magnetic loop antenna at the side edge is arranged at the end or the center position. It should be understood that the foregoing conclusion is still applicable to the high-isolation antenna group shown in (b) of
For example,
Based on the descriptions in
Although this application is described with reference to specific features and embodiments thereof, it is obvious that various modifications and combinations may be made to them without departing from the scope of this application. Correspondingly, this specification and the accompanying drawings are merely used as examples of descriptions of this application defined by the appended claims, and are considered as having covered any of and all of modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of this application. Obviously, a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. In this way, if the modifications and variations made to this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalent technologies, this application is intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A terminal antenna system, comprising:
- a first antenna; and
- a second antenna, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna comprise at least one current loop antenna or magnetic loop antenna,
- wherein when the current loop antenna operates, a uniform magnetic field is distributed between a radiating element of the current loop antenna and a reference ground,
- wherein when the magnetic loop antenna operates, a uniform electric field is distributed between a radiating element of the magnetic loop antenna and the reference ground, and
- wherein the first antenna and the second antenna are either a) arranged at a same edge of an electronic device, or b) arranged at two opposite edges of the electronic device.
2. The terminal antenna system of claim 1, wherein when the first antenna is a magnetic loop antenna, the second antenna is a current loop antenna.
3. The terminal antenna system of claim 1, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna are fed directly, or wherein the first antenna and the second antenna are fed in a coupled manner.
4. The terminal antenna system of claim 1, wherein when the first antenna operates, a ground plane current is excited in a first direction, and wherein when the second antenna operates, a ground plane current is excited in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction.
5. The terminal antenna system of claim 1, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna being arranged at the same edge of the electronic device comprises the first antenna and the second antenna being arranged at a first edge of the electronic device, wherein projections of the first antenna and the second antenna at the first edge do not overlap.
6. The terminal antenna system of claim 5, wherein when the first antenna and the second antenna are fed directly, either a) a feed point of the first antenna is arranged at an end of the first antenna close to the second antenna, and a feed point of the second antenna is arranged at an end of the second antenna close to the first antenna, or b) the feed point of the first antenna is arranged at an end of the first antenna away from the second antenna, and the feed point of the second antenna is arranged at an end of the second antenna away from the first antenna.
7. The terminal antenna system of claim 5, wherein the terminal antenna system further comprises a third antenna arranged at the first edge, wherein projections in a direction perpendicular to the first direction that are of radiating elements of the third antenna, the first antenna, and the second antenna do not overlap, and wherein the second antenna is arranged between the first antenna and the third antenna.
8.-9. (canceled)
10. The terminal antenna system of claim 1, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna being arranged at the same edge of the electronic device comprises the first antenna and the second antenna being arranged at a first edge of the electronic device, wherein projections of the first antenna and the second antenna at the first edge at least partially overlap.
11.-12. (canceled)
13. The terminal antenna system of claim 1, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna being arranged at two opposite edges of the electronic device comprises the first antenna being arranged at a first position at a first edge of the electronic device, and the second antenna being arranged at a second position at a second edge of the electronic device, wherein the first edge and the second edge are both adjacent to a third edge of the electronic device.
14.-15. (canceled)
16. The terminal antenna system of claim 10, wherein when the first antenna and the second antenna are fed directly, a feed point of the first antenna is arranged on a radiating element of the first antenna, a feed point of the second antenna is arranged on a radiating element of the second antenna, and the feed point of the first antenna and the feed point of the second antenna are arranged on a same side of the radiating element of the first antenna and the radiating element of the second antenna.
17. The terminal antenna system of claim 1, wherein the current loop antenna comprises a current loop wire antenna and a current loop slot antenna, wherein at least one first capacitor that is grounded is connected in parallel on a radiating element of the current loop wire antenna, and at least one second capacitor is connected in series on a radiating element of the current loop slot antenna, wherein the first capacitor is configured to adjust a current distribution on the current loop wire antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop wire antenna and the reference ground, and wherein the second capacitor is configured to adjust a current distribution on the current loop slot antenna to obtain a uniform magnetic field between the current loop slot antenna and the reference ground.
18. (canceled)
19. The terminal antenna system of claim 1, wherein the magnetic loop antenna comprises a magnetic loop wire antenna and a magnetic loop slot antenna, wherein at least one first inductor that is grounded is connected in parallel on a radiating element of the magnetic loop wire antenna, and at least one second inductor is connected in series on a radiating element of the magnetic loop slot antenna, wherein the first inductor is configured to adjust a current distribution on the magnetic loop wire antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the magnetic loop wire antenna and the reference ground, and wherein the second inductor is configured to adjust a current distribution on the magnetic loop slot antenna to obtain a uniform electric field between the magnetic loop slot antenna and the reference ground.
20. (canceled)
21. A terminal antenna system, comprising:
- a first antenna; and
- a second antenna, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna comprise at least one current loop antenna or magnetic loop antenna,
- wherein the first antenna and the second antenna are either a) arranged at a same edge of an electronic device, or b) arranged at two opposite edges of the electronic device,
- wherein when the current loop antenna is a current loop monopole antenna or a current loop dipole antenna, a first capacitor that is grounded is arranged at at least one end of a radiating element of the current loop antenna,
- wherein when the current loop antenna is a current loop aperture antenna or a current loop left-hand antenna, at least one second capacitor is arranged in series on a radiating element of the current loop antenna,
- wherein when an operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is between 450 MHz to 1 GHz, a capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [1.5 pF, 15 pF],
- wherein when the operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is between 1 GHz to 3 GHz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [0.5 pF, 15 pF],
- wherein when the operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is between 3 GHz to 10 GHz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [1.2 pF, 12 pF]; and
- wherein when the magnetic loop antenna is a magnetic loop monopole antenna or a magnetic loop dipole antenna, a first inductor that is grounded is arranged at at least one end of a radiating element of the magnetic loop antenna,
- wherein when the magnetic loop antenna is a magnetic loop aperture antenna or a magnetic loop left-hand antenna, at least one second inductor is arranged in series on a radiating element of the magnetic loop antenna,
- wherein when an operating frequency band of the magnetic loop antenna is between 450 MHz to 1 GHz, an inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [5 nH, 47 nH],
- wherein when the operating frequency band of the magnetic loop antenna is between 1 GHz to 3 GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [1 nH, 33 nH], and
- wherein when the operating frequency band of the magnetic loop antenna is between 3 GHz to 10 GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [0.5 nH, 10 nH].
22. The terminal antenna system of claim 21, wherein when the first antenna is a magnetic loop antenna, the second antenna is a current loop antenna.
23. The terminal antenna system of claim 21, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna being arranged at a same edge of the electronic device comprises the first antenna and the second antenna being arranged at a first edge of the electronic device, wherein projections of the first antenna and the second antenna at the first edge do not overlap.
24. The terminal antenna system of claim 23, wherein the terminal antenna system further comprises a third antenna arranged at the first edge, wherein projections in a direction perpendicular to a first direction that are of radiating elements of the third antenna, the first antenna, and the second antenna do not overlap, and wherein the second antenna is arranged between the first antenna and the third antenna.
25.-27. (canceled)
28. The terminal antenna system of claim 21, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna being arranged at two opposite edges of the electronic device comprises the first antenna being arranged at a first position at a first edge of the electronic device, and the second antenna being arranged at a second position at a second edge of the electronic device, wherein the first edge and the second edge are both adjacent to a third edge of the electronic device, and wherein the first position and the second position are axially symmetrical about a center line of the third edge.
29. (canceled)
30. An electronic device, comprising:
- a radio frequency module;
- one or more processors coupled to the radio frequency module; and
- a terminal antenna system coupled to the radio frequency module, wherein when the electronic device transmits or receives a signal, the signal is transmitted or received through the radio frequency module and the terminal antenna system, wherein the terminal antenna system comprises: a first antenna; and a second antenna, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna comprise at least one current loop antenna or magnetic loop antenna,
- wherein when the current loop antenna operates, a uniform magnetic field is distributed between a radiating element of the current loop antenna and a reference ground,
- wherein when the magnetic loop antenna operates, a uniform electric field is distributed between a radiating element of the magnetic loop antenna and the reference ground, and
- wherein the first antenna and the second antenna are either a) arranged at a same edge of the electronic device, or b) arranged at two opposite edges of the electronic device.
31. The electronic device of claim 30, wherein when the current loop antenna is a current loop monopole antenna or a current loop dipole antenna, a first capacitor that is grounded is arranged at at least one end of a radiating element of the current loop antenna,
- wherein when the current loop antenna is a current loop aperture antenna or a current loop left-hand antenna, at least one second capacitor is arranged in series on a radiating element of the current loop antenna,
- wherein when an operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is between 450 MHz to 1 GHz, a capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [1.5 pF, 15 pF],
- wherein when the operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is between 1 GHz to 3 GHz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [0.5 pF, 15 pF],
- wherein when the operating frequency band of the current loop antenna is between 3 GHz to 10 GHz, the capacitance value of the first capacitor or the second capacitor is set within [1.2 pF, 12 pF]; and
- wherein when the magnetic loop antenna is a magnetic loop monopole antenna or a magnetic loop dipole antenna, a first inductor that is grounded is arranged at at least one end of a radiating element of the magnetic loop antenna,
- wherein when the magnetic loop antenna is a magnetic loop aperture antenna or a magnetic loop left-hand antenna, at least one second inductor is arranged in series on a radiating element of the magnetic loop antenna,
- wherein when an operating frequency band of the magnetic loop antenna is between 450 MHz to 1 GHz, an inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [5 nH, 47 nH],
- wherein when the operating frequency band of the magnetic loop antenna is between 1 GHz to 3 GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [1 nH, 33 nH], and
- wherein when the operating frequency band of the magnetic loop antenna is between 3 GHz to 10 GHz, the inductance value of the first inductor or the second inductor is set within [0.5 nH, 10 nH].
Type: Application
Filed: Aug 24, 2022
Publication Date: Apr 25, 2024
Inventors: Dawei Zhou (Shenzhen), Yuanpeng Li (Shenzhen)
Application Number: 18/548,036
