Tensionable knotless anchor systems and methods of tissue repair
Systems and methods for soft tissue to bone repairs, without knot tying. The soft tissue repair systems include self-cinching constructs with splices and loops that are pre-loaded onto modified knotless anchors (for example, swivel and/or screw-in suture anchors and/or push-in suture anchors with a distal eyelet) to position the self-locking, adjustable construct at the repair site. The systems allow for knotless tensioning of the tissue after the knotless anchors have been implanted.
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This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/569,041, filed Dec. 9, 2011, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.
FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to methods and instruments for fixation of sutures and tissue to bone.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONWhen soft tissue such as a ligament or a tendon becomes detached from a bone, surgery is usually required to reattach or reconstruct the tissue. Often, a tissue graft is attached to the bone to facilitate regrowth and permanent attachment. Techniques and devices that have been developed generally involve tying the soft tissue with suture to an anchor or a hole provided in the bone tissue. Knotless suture anchors, such as the two piece Arthrex PushLock® anchor, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,329,272, have been developed to facilitate tissue fixation to bone.
It would be desirable to provide a knotless suture anchor system which has a design that allows tensioning of the tissue (particularly rotator cuff) after implantation of the suture anchors. Also needed is an improved technology for knotless fixation of the rotator cuff with easier suture management and increased tensioning of the rotator cuff.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe instruments and methods of the present invention provide knotless, adjustable anchor systems that allow for knotless tensioning of tissue (such as the rotator cuff) after anchor implantation. The knotless, adjustable anchor systems include knotless anchors (for example, swivel and/or screw-in suture anchors and/or push-in suture anchors with a distal eyelet) that are modified to carry a self-locking, adjustable construct (for example, a suture assembly with a spliced suture loop) and to position the self-locking, adjustable construct at the repair site. The systems allow for knotless tensioning of the tissue after the knotless anchors have been implanted.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present invention provides surgical constructs, systems and techniques for knotless soft tissue repair and fixation, such as fixation of soft tissue (ligament, tendon, graft, etc.) to bone, and for the tensioning of the tissue (for example, rotator cuff) after anchor implantation.
The surgical constructs comprise fixation devices (tensionable knotless anchors) that are inserted into bone with tensionable adjustable constructs attached to (pre-loaded onto) the fixation devices and that are self-cinching. The tensionable knotless construct is formed of a flexible strand provided with a splice formed within the strand, a spliced adjustable loop, and a free end. The splice may be formed within the body or outside the body of the fixation device. Subsequent to the insertion of the fixation devices within the bone (and subsequent to attachment to soft tissue to be repaired or fixated), the knotless self-locking mechanism of the tensionable construct allows the user (for example, the surgeon) to control the tension of the strand on the soft tissue to be attached to bone.
In an exemplary embodiment, a first-type surgical construct of the present invention comprises a fixation device (a suture anchor) with an attached (pre-loaded) tensionable construct formed of a flexible strand with a free end, a spliced adjustable loop and a fixed end in the form of a fixed loop. The fixed loop is attached to another fixation device. Other embodiments of this first-type construct include: (i) replacing the fixed loop with a knot that is captured by a closed eyelet of another fixation device (for example, in an eyelet of a SwiveLock® anchor); or (ii) eliminating the fixed loop and replacing it with just a free end of the suture that has been spliced, the free end being inserted into the closed eyelet of another fixation device (for example, a SwiveLock® anchor).
In another exemplary embodiment, a second-type surgical construct comprises a fixation device (a suture anchor) with an attached (pre-loaded) tensionable construct formed of a flexible strand with a free end, a spliced adjustable loop (located within the body of the fixation device), and a knotted fixed end or insert molded fixed end. A fixed loop (second loop) is attached to the spliced adjustable loop for further attachment to another fixation device (for example, being captured by an open eyelet of a SwiveLock® anchor). The knotted end (fixed end) is located on the fixation device (suture anchor), allowing the splice to be contained within the anchor body and allowing the two fixation devices to be placed closer together. With this exemplary type of construct, the second fixation device may be any type of fixation device, for example, swivel and/or screw-in suture anchors and/or push-in suture anchors, or even staples or similar devices. The second loop (fixed loop) in this construct is acting like a pulley or pivot point when it is attached to the second fixation device. Other embodiments of this second-type construct include: (i) replacing the second loop with a separate free suture used with a closed eyelet SwiveLock® anchor, so that the free suture is passed through the adjustable loop and then captured by the closed eyelet of the SwiveLock® anchor and positioned to keep the adjustable loop above the second anchor; or (ii) replacing the second loop with a free suture with one or more knots (for example, two knots located at a set distance apart from each other), passing the free suture through the adjustable loop and capturing the knots with a closed eyelet of the SwiveLock® anchor; or (iii) eliminating the second loop altogether and capturing the spliced adjustable loop with another fixation device (such as a staple, for example, or a modified SwiveLock® anchor that allows passing of the adjustable loop through a cannulation of the anchor).
The present invention also provides methods of soft tissue repair which do not require tying of knots and allow adjustment of both the tension of the suture and the location of the tissue with respect to the bone. An exemplary method of the present invention comprises inter alia the steps of: (i) providing a surgical construct comprising a fixation device (for example, an anchor) with an adjustable, tensionable construct attached to (pre-loaded onto) the fixation device, the knotless tensionable construct including a flexible strand with a splice, a spliced adjustable loop, and a free end; (ii) inserting the fixation device with the attached (pre-loaded) knotless tensionable construct at a first location into bone; (iii) further securing the flexible strand at a second location; and (iv) pulling on the free end to tension the final construct.
Another exemplary method of the present invention comprises inter alia the steps of: (i) providing a surgical construct comprising a fixation device (for example, an anchor) with an adjustable, tensionable construct attached to (pre-loaded onto) the fixation device, the knotless tensionable construct including a flexible strand with a splice formed within the flexible strand, a spliced adjustable loop, a free end and a fixed end in the form of a fixed loop; (ii) inserting the fixation device with the attached (pre-loaded) knotless tensionable construct into bone; (iii) passing the flexible strand around or through tissue to be fixated (or reattached) to bone; (iv) subsequently, attaching the fixed loop to another fixation device (a second fixation device); (v) securing the second fixation device (with the attached fixed loop) to or into bone; and (vi) pulling on the free end to allow the soft tissue to achieve the desired location relative to the bone, and to allow proper tensioning of the final construct. The fixed loop of the construct of this exemplary method may be replaced by a knot that is captured by a closed eyelet of the second fixation device (for example, by a closed eyelet of a SwiveLock® anchor); or it may be replaced with just a free end of the suture that has been spliced, the free end being inserted into the closed eyelet of the second fixation device (for example, the closed eyelet of a SwiveLock® anchor).
Another exemplary method of the present invention comprises inter alia the steps of: (i) providing a surgical construct comprising a fixation device (for example, an anchor) with an adjustable, tensionable construct attached to (pre-loaded onto) the fixation device, the knotless tensionable construct including a flexible strand with a splice, a spliced adjustable loop, a free end and a knotted fixed end (or an insert molded fixed end), the spliced adjustable end further including a fixed loop attached to the spliced construct; (ii) inserting the fixation device with the attached (pre-loaded) knotless tensionable construct into bone; (iii) passing the flexible strand around or through tissue to be fixated (or reattached) to bone; (iv) subsequently, capturing the fixed loop with another (second) fixation device; (v) inserting the second fixation device (with the captured fixed loop) into bone; and (vi) pulling on the free end to allow the soft tissue to achieve the desired location relative to the bone and to allow proper tensioning of the final construct. The fixed loop of the construct of this exemplary method may be replaced by a separate free suture used with a closed eyelet of the second fixation device (for example, a closed eyelet of a SwiveLock® anchor), so that the free suture is passed through the adjustable loop and then captured by the closed eyelet of the SwiveLock® anchor and positioned to keep the adjustable loop above the second anchor; or (ii) it may be replaced with a free suture with one or more knots (for example, two knots located at a set distance apart from each other), passing the free suture through the adjustable loop and capturing the knots with a closed eyelet of the SwiveLock® anchor; or (iii) it may be eliminated altogether to allow the spliced adjustable loop to be captured with the second fixation device (such as a staple, for example, or a modified SwiveLock® anchor that allows passing of the adjustable loop through a cannulation of the anchor).
Another exemplary method of the present invention comprises inter alia the steps of: (i) providing a surgical construct comprising a first fixation device (for example, an anchor) pre-loaded with a tensionable construct, the tensionable construct consisting of a flexible strand (for example, suture) extending through the body of the fixation device, the flexible strand consisting of a free end, a knotted fixed end or an insert molded fixed end, and a splice with a spliced adjustable loop, the splice being located within the body of the first fixation device and the loop having an adjustable length/perimeter, the splice of the tensionable construct being pre-built with an additional, fixed loop attached to the spliced loop, the fixed loop having a fixed perimeter; (ii) inserting the first fixation device into bone; (iii) passing the flexible strand around or through tissue to be fixated (or reattached) to bone; (iv) subsequently, attaching the fixed loop to a second fixation device; (v) inserting the second fixation device into bone; and (vi) pulling on the free end to decrease the perimeter of the spliced adjustable loop, to allow the soft tissue to achieve the desired location relative to the bone and to allow proper tensioning of the final construct.
The flexible strand of the knotless tensionable construct may be passed through at least a portion of the body of the first fixation device (for example, through a full cannulation of the first fixation device, or through a transversal opening at a distal end of the first fixation device). Alternatively, the flexible strand may be fixed to the first fixation device (which may be solid or cannulated) by overmolding the suture to the anchor body or by compressing the suture against the bone (achieving an interference fit between the first fixation device and the bone tunnel, compressing the flexible strand). The splice may be formed within the body of the first fixation device or outside the body of the first fixation device. Upon insertion into the bone and tensioning, the splice may reside within the body of the first fixation device or outside the body of the first fixation device.
The fixed (additional) loop may be integral to the flexible strand or may be attached to the flexible strand, i.e., formed as an extra loop attached to the spliced adjustable loop of the knotless tensionable construct.
In an exemplary embodiment only, the first fixation device is a first suture anchor (for example, a 5.5 mm Arthrex Corkscrew® anchor, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,117,162) modified to carry a suture that is spliced in a manner similar to an Arthrex ACL TightRope®, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2010/0256677 and 2010/0268273, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein. The tensionable suture is free with a fixed end (that may be looped or knotted, for example). Once the first suture anchor (the modified 5.5 mm Corkscrew® anchor) has been implanted, the driver is removed and the suture bundle is exposed. The suture bundle is then passed through the tissue (the rotator cuff). The fixed end of the suture is secured to a second fixation device by placing the fixed end through the eyelet of a second anchor (for example, an Arthrex SwiveLock® anchor, disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0004659, or another anchor).
The suture may be looped so that the loop is placed a certain distance away from the splice and is attached to an open ended eyelet of the second anchor (the SwiveLock® anchor). In additional embodiments, the suture is looped and an additional loop (a fixed loop) is attached to the spliced adjustable loop (the splice being pre-built with the extra loop). Alternatively, the suture may be knotted so that the knot is placed a certain distance away from the splice and the knot rests within the opening of the eyelet of the second anchor (the SwiveLock® anchor). In yet another embodiment, the suture may have no modification (i.e., provided with neither a loop nor a knot), in which case the splice will be positioned so that the splice remains just above the anchor/bone level.
Once the second anchor (the SwiveLock® anchor) is implanted, the sutures are tightened by pulling the free ends for tensioning. The ends are then clipped and the steps may be repeated for a second (or multiple) row repair.
Referring now to the drawings, where like elements are designated by like reference numerals,
In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in
In lieu of the open cannulation, the anchor body may include a pair of openings/channels that are positioned opposite to each other relative to the post 20 and also symmetrically located relative to (and parallel with) longitudinal axis 11a, to allow flexible strand or flexible material 88 (suture 88) to pass and slide therethrough.
Anchor 50 may be a screw-in anchor or a push-in style anchor. Anchor 50 may be formed of metal, biocompatible plastic such as PEEK or a bioabsorbable PLLA material. Socket 19 at the distal end 13 of the anchor 50 is configured to securely engage a tip of a driver. The socket of the anchor 50 may have any shape adapted to receive a driver tip for pushing tap-in or screw-in style anchors. Tensionable knotless anchor 50 may be made of one or more pieces, or may be provided as an integrated device.
In an exemplary and illustrative-only embodiment, the first knotless anchor 50 is a modified 5.5 mm Corkscrew® anchor 50 and the second knotless anchor 60 is a SwiveLock® anchor 60 with an open distal eyelet 66 (as disclosed and described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0191849, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety).
Adjustable, tensionable, self-locking construct 80 is a suture assembly 80 which may be formed by splicing flexible strand or flexible material 88 (for example, suture 88) through itself to form a splice 85, a spliced adjustable loop 86 (having an adjustable length/perimeter), a free end 81 (a pull cord 81) and a fixed end 83. Self-locking construct 80 extends between, and is attached to, the two knotless anchors 50, 60 (as shown in
Once the modified 5.5 mm Corkscrew® anchor has been implanted, the driver is removed and the suture bundle of the suture assembly 80 is exposed. The suture bundle is then passed through the rotator cuff 90. The fixed loop 83a is then attached to the second fixation device 60, i.e., the fixed loop 83a is placed through the eyelet 66 of the SwiveLock® anchor 60. In one embodiment and as illustrated in
An exemplary method of rotator cuff repair with the adjustable, knotless, tensionable system 100 of
An exemplary method of attaching tissue to bone with the construct 100 of
As detailed below, the second-type surgical constructs 200, 300, 400 comprise a fixation device (a suture anchor) with an attached (pre-loaded) tensionable construct formed of a flexible strand with a free end, a spliced adjustable loop (located within the body of the fixation device), and a knotted fixed end or insert molded fixed end. An attachment device or mechanism in the form of a fixed loop (a second loop) is attached to the spliced adjustable loop for further attachment to another fixation device (a second fixation device). The knotted end (fixed end) is located on the fixation device (suture anchor), allowing the splice to be contained within the anchor body and allowing the two fixation devices to be placed closer together. With this exemplary type of construct, the second fixation device may be any type of fixation device, for example, swivel and/or screw-in suture anchors and/or push-in suture anchors, or even staples or similar devices. The attachment device (the second loop or fixed loop) in this construct is acting like a pulley or pivot point when it is attached to the second fixation device. The attachment device may be also an additional separate free strand that is passed through the adjustable loop and then captured by the closed eyelet of the SwiveLock® anchor, or a free strand with at least one knot that is captured with a closed eyelet of the SwiveLock® anchor, or similar arrangements.
Other embodiments of this second-type construct include: (i) replacing the second loop with a separate free suture used with a closed eyelet SwiveLock® anchor, so that the free suture is passed through the adjustable loop and then captured by the closed eyelet of the SwiveLock® anchor and positioned to keep the adjustable loop above the second anchor; or (ii) replacing the second loop with a free suture with one or more knots (for example, two knots located at a set distance apart from each other), passing the free suture through the adjustable loop and capturing the knots with a closed eyelet of the SwiveLock® anchor; or (iii) eliminating the second loop altogether and capturing the spliced adjustable loop with another fixation device (such as a staple, for example, or a modified SwiveLock® anchor that allows passing of the adjustable loop through a cannulation of the anchor body).
Surgical construct 200 is shown in
Fixation device 50a is a tensionable knotless anchor having an anchor body 11 provided with a longitudinal axis 11a, a proximal end 13 and a distal end 12, and a plurality of ribs 15 extending circumferentially around it. Cannulation 11b extends along the whole length of body 11 to allow passage of a flexible strand 88 and splice 85a and to secure knot 82. Proximal end 13 of the anchor 50a contains a socket 19 (
Anchor 50a may be a screw-in anchor or a push-in style anchor. Anchor 50a may be formed of metal, biocompatible plastic such as PEEK or a bioabsorbable PLLA material. Socket 19 at the distal end 13 of the anchor 50a is configured to securely engage a tip of a driver, as detailed below. The socket of the anchor 50a may have any shape adapted to receive a driver tip for pushing tap-in or screw-in style anchors. Tensionable knotless anchor 50a may be made of one or more pieces, or may be provided as an integrated device.
Tensionable knotless anchor 50a is preferably provided pre-loaded (pre-assembled) with the construct 80a. Anchor 50a may be assembled with construct 80a by employing a shuttle/pull device (a suture passing instrument such as FiberLink™ or a nitinol loop) attached to the flexible strand (as detailed in U.S. application Ser. No. 13/615,986, filed Sep. 14, 2012, the disclosure of which is incorporated in its entirety herewith). Static knot 82 (fixed end 82) prevents suture 88 from passing through distal blind hole 12a. The suture may also be preloaded by insert molding or by any other means known in the art.
Tensionable knotless construct 80a also includes a suture loop end 86a which may be in the form of a fixed loop 86a (having a fixed length perimeter) securely attached to the adjustable spliced loop 86 (having an adjustable length perimeter). Second fixation device 60a is a modified SwiveLock® anchor 60a (as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0004659, the disclosure of which is incorporated in its entirety herewith) but with arms 85 of distal eyelet 66a modified, in that the arms extends away (flare away) relative to longitudinal axis 61a (shown in
Anchor assembly 100, 200, 300, 400 with suture assembly 80, 80a, 80b, 80c attached to a plurality of knotless fixation devices 50, 50a, 60, 60a, 60b of the present invention may be employed for various repairs of soft tissue to bone (such as ligament, tendon or graft repairs, for example, rotator cuff and shoulder ligament repairs, Achilles tendon repairs, elbow repairs, among many others) that employ at least one knotless fixation device.
An exemplary method of attaching tissue to bone with surgical construct 200 of the present invention comprises inter alia the steps of: (i) providing a surgical construct 200 comprising a knotless fixation device 50a (for example, an anchor) pre-loaded with a tensionable construct 80a, the tensionable construct 80a consisting of a flexible strand 88 (for example, suture) extending through the body of the fixation device, the flexible strand comprising a knotted fixed end 82 (or an insert molded end), a free end 81, and a splice 85a with a spliced adjustable loop 86, the splice being located within the body of the fixation device and the spliced adjustable loop 86 having an adjustable length/perimeter, the splice 85 of the tensionable construct being pre-built with an additional attachment device or mechanism 86a (fixed loop 86a) attached to the spliced adjustable loop 86, the fixed loop 86a having a fixed perimeter; (ii) inserting the fixation device 50a (with the pre-assembled or pre-loaded construct 80a) into bone; (iii) passing the flexible strand 88 around or through tissue 90 to be fixated (or reattached) to bone 95; (iv) subsequently, attaching the fixed loop 86a to a distal open eyelet 66a of another fixation device 60a; (v) inserting the another fixation device 60a into bone 95; and (vi) pulling on the flexible strand 88 to reduce the perimeter of the spliced adjustable loop 86, to allow the soft tissue 90 to achieve the desired location relative to the bone 95 and to allow proper tensioning of the final construct 500.
Exemplary knotless anchors 50, 50a, 60, 60a, 60b may be formed of metal, biocompatible plastic such as PEEK or a bioabsorbable PLLA material. The anchors may be provided with a socket at the distal end (such as socket 19 of the anchor 50, 50a, 60, 60a, 60b) configured to securely engage a tip of a driver. The socket of the anchor may have any shape adapted to receive a driver tip for pushing the anchors, for example, tap-in or screw-in style anchors. Tensionable knotless anchors 50, 50a, 60, 60a, 60b may be made of one or more pieces, or may be provided as integrated devices.
The knotless suture constructs and systems of the present invention are used in conjunction with any knotless fixation devices which are pre-loaded with a flexible strand forming a splice within or outside the body of the fixation device. The fixation devices may be any of swivel and/or screw-in suture anchors and/or push-in suture anchors (such as an Arthrex SwiveLock® anchor, disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0004659 or a PushLock® anchor, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,329,272). The fixation devices may be also any anchors, implants or screws (such as interference screws or tenodesis screws) or any fixation element that allows attachment/fixation of the knotless suture construct to bone. The fixation devices/implants may have various sizes (various diameters and/or lengths) and may be formed of biocompatible materials such as PEEK, biocomposite materials, metals and/or metal alloys, or combination of such materials, among others. The fixation devices may be unitary or may be multiple-piece constructs.
The flexible strand 88 may be a high-strength suture, such as an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) suture without a core which is the preferred material as this material allows easy splicing. Alternatively, the high strength suture may be a FiberWire® suture, which is disclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,716,234, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. FiberWire® suture is formed of an advanced, high-strength fiber material, namely ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), sold under the tradenames Spectra (Honeywell) and Dyneema (DSM) fibers, braided with at least one other fiber, natural or synthetic, to form lengths of suture material.
The strands may also be formed of a stiff material, or combination of stiff and flexible materials, depending on the intended application. The strands may be also coated and/or provided in different colors. The knotless anchors of the present invention can be used with any type of flexible material or suture that forms a splice and a loop.
The knotless suture constructs also include sutures that are spliced—at least in part—in a manner similar to an Arthrex ACL TightRope®, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2010/0256677 and 2010/0268273, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein.
The anchor assembly of the present invention advantageously minimizes suture handling and management. The use of knotless anchors (such as push-in or screw-in type anchors) also provides secure fixation of the suture construct—the secure suture construct results from the suture being pushed into a hole and held tightly by anchors. The suture assembly employed in conjunction with the knotless anchors also allows for knotless tensioning of the tissue (rotator cuff) after the plurality of knotless anchors have been implanted.
In the embodiments detailed above, suture is used with the knotless anchors to fix tissue to bone. However, the knotless anchors of the present invention can be used with any type of flexible material or suture that forms a splice and a loop. In yet additional embodiments, any combination of suture and suture tape may be employed, depending on the characteristics of the specific surgical repair and/or as desired.
While the present invention is described herein with reference to illustrative embodiments for particular applications, it should be understood that the invention is not limited thereto. Those having ordinary skill in the art and access to the teachings provided herein will recognize additional modifications, applications, embodiments and substitution of equivalents all fall within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is to be limited not by the specific disclosure herein, but only by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A surgical construct for tissue repairs, comprising:
- a first fixation device comprising a body with a cannulation, a longitudinal axis, a proximal end and a distal end, the cannulation extending in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis; and
- a self-locking tensionable construct pre-loaded on the first fixation device, the tensionable construct consisting of a flexible strand having a free end and a static knot located at the distal end of the first fixation device, a splice, a first loop, and a second loop attached to the first loop, wherein the tensionable construct extends through the cannulation of the first fixation device, wherein the splice is located entirely within the body of the first fixation device, and wherein the first loop has an adjustable length and the second loop has a fixed length, and wherein the first loop and the second loop extend away from and above the proximal end of the first fixation device.
2. The surgical construct of claim 1, further comprising a second fixation device attached to the second loop.
3. The surgical construct of claim 2, wherein the second loop is attached to an open distal eyelet of the second fixation device.
4. A tissue repair system for attachment of tissue to bone, comprising:
- a first tensionable suture construct extending between a first plurality of fixation devices, the first tensionable suture construct including a first suture loop and a second suture loop attached to the first suture loop, a splice located within a body of a first fixation device of the first plurality of fixation devices, and a free suture end,
- wherein the first tensionable suture construct extends through a cannulation of the first fixation device, and wherein at least a portion of the first suture loop and at least a portion of the second suture loop extend above tissue and above bone, and wherein the second suture loop is attached to an open distal end of a second fixation device of the first plurality of fixation devices, wherein the tissue repair system further comprises a second tensionable suture construct extending between a second plurality of fixation devices, the second tensionable suture construct including a first suture loop and a second suture loop attached to the first suture loop, a splice located within a body of a first fixation device of the second plurality of fixation devices, and a free suture end extending above tissue, and wherein the second suture loop is attached to an open distal end of a second fixation device of the second plurality of fixation devices.
5. The tissue repair system of claim 4, wherein the first loop has an adjustable perimeter and the second loop has a fixed perimeter.
6. The tissue repair system of claim 4, wherein the repair is a knotless double row rotator cuff repair.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Dec 10, 2012
Date of Patent: Apr 11, 2017
Patent Publication Number: 20130165972
Assignee: Arthrex, Inc. (Naples, FL)
Inventor: Derek C. Sullivan (Naples, FL)
Primary Examiner: Jocelin Tanner
Application Number: 13/709,138
International Classification: A61B 17/04 (20060101); A61B 17/06 (20060101);