Aircraft propulsion system comprising an AFT pylon fairing with lateral walls that are profiled for injecting cool air along a thermal protection floor
The invention proposes to protect a rear part of a floor of an aft fairing of a pylon of an aircraft bypass turbojet engine using a film of cool air formed of part of a bypass flow of the jet engine which is guided under the floor by two lateral wall portions of this fairing which have been profiled for this purpose. To do that, these two lateral wall portions delimit respective air passage spaces formed between a forward part of the floor and a jetpipe of the turbojet engine and which open laterally and towards the rear.
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This application claims priority to French Patent Application No. 13 50187 filed on Jan. 9, 2013, the entire content of which is incorporated by reference herein.
DESCRIPTIONTechnical Field
The present invention relates to the field of aircraft propulsion systems and deals more specifically with the thermal protection of a pylon used for mounting a bypass turbojet engine.
In general, a pylon, also referred to as an “EMS” (which stands for “Engine Mounting Structure”), is used to suspend an engine underneath the wing structure of an aircraft, for mounting this engine on top of this same wing, or even for attaching this engine to a rear part of the aircraft fuselage.
Background
As illustrated schematically in
In the description that follows, front and rear are defined relative to a direction of forward travel F of the aircraft.
In addition, by convention, the longitudinal direction of the pylon 14 which is also likenable to the longitudinal direction of the turbojet engine 10 is referred to as X, this direction X being parallel to a longitudinal axis of the turbojet engine. Also, the direction oriented transversally to the pylon 14 and also likenable to the transverse direction of the turbojet engine 10 is referred to as Y, and the vertical direction or height is referred to as Z, these three directions X, Y and Z being mutually orthogonal.
In order to transmit load, the pylon 14 comprises a rigid structure 16, also referred to as the primary structure, generally of the “box section” type, i.e. formed by assembly of upper and lower spars and of lateral panels joined together by transverse stiffening ribs. The pylon is equipped with means of attachment such as engine mounts 18, 20 and rods 22 for reacting thrust forces, these means of attachment being interposed between the turbojet engine 10 and the rigid structure 16 of the pylon in order to connect these elements together.
Moreover, the pylon 14 is provided with a plurality of secondary structures which segregate and hold the systems, while at the same time supporting fairing elements, the latter generally taking the form of collections of panels attached to the structures. In a way known to those skilled in the art, the secondary structures differ from the rigid structure in that they are not intended to transfer load from the turbojet engine and that needs to be transmitted to the airframe of the aircraft.
Included among the secondary structures there is generally a front aerodynamic structure 24, a rear aerodynamic structure 26 sometimes referred to as an RSS (which stands for “rear secondary structure”), a fairing 28 connecting the front and rear aerodynamic structures and also referred to as a “karman” and an aft fairing 30.
The aft fairing 30, also referred to as “APF” (which stands for “Aft Pylon Fairing”), performs a number of functions including forming a thermal or fire barrier, and ensuring aerodynamic continuity between the outlet from the turbojet engine and the pylon. This fairing adopts a lower position when the turbojet engine is intended to be positioned under a wing, and adopts an upper position when the turbojet engine is intended to be placed on top of a wing. An example of an aft fairing known from the prior art is disclosed in document EP 2 190 739.
The aft fairing 30 generally takes the form of a box section comprising two lateral walls 32 joined together by transverse internal stiffening ribs 34 spaced apart in a longitudinal direction X of the fairing, and a floor 36 for thermal protection, sometimes referred to as a “heat shield”.
The lateral walls 32 of the aft fairing are designed to be hugged on the outside by a bypass flow 38 of the turbojet engine, because of how they are installed in the annular bypass duct 40 of the turbojet engine and/or at the outlet of this duct.
The floor 36 of the aft fairing 30 has an external face designed to be hugged by a primary flow 42 of the turbojet engine which consists of exhaust gases. As
As illustrated in
The temperature of the exhaust gases that make up the primary flow 42 leaving the turbojet engine 10 may exceed 600° C.
Furthermore, this temperature tends to increase with recent developments in the techniques used in turbojet engines.
Now, the increase in temperature of the primary flow increases the demands, in terms of heat resistance, of the materials of which the aft fairing is made. The high temperature levels and gradients to which the aft fairing is subjected thus dictate the use of heavy and costly materials such as steel in order to prevent cracks from appearing or rivets from being lost.
SUMMARYIt is a notable object of the invention to provide a simple, economical and effective solution to this problem.
To this end, the invention proposes a propulsion system for an aircraft, comprising a bypass turbojet engine and a pylon intended to attach this turbojet engine to the airframe of an aircraft, the said pylon comprising an aft fairing comprising two lateral walls and a floor to protect the said pylon from the heat of a primary flow ducted by a jetpipe of the said turbojet engine.
According to the invention, the said floor has two lateral floor portions positioned one on either side of a mid-plane of the said aft fairing and separated from the said jetpipe so that the said lateral floor portions with the said jetpipe respectively delimit two air passage spaces which are open laterally and towards the rear of the said propulsion system.
In addition, each of the said lateral walls of the said aft fairing comprises, at its end facing the said jetpipe, a lateral wall portion which extends rearwards and towards the said mid-plane and which delimits one of the said air passage spaces.
The invention thus proposes two profiled portions at the base of each lateral wall of the aft fairing, facing the jetpipe, so as to inject some of the turbojet engine bypass flow under the floor of the aft fairing and thus form a film of cool air able to protect the said floor from the heat of the primary flow.
For preference, each of the said lateral wall portions is curved and has a convex face facing towards the outside of the said aft fairing when the latter is viewed in section on a plane orthogonal to the said mid-plane and parallel to a longitudinal axis of the said bypass turbojet engine.
That makes it possible to optimize the guidance of the bypass flow along the said lateral wall portions, and in particular to limit the risk of separation of this bypass flow.
Moreover, the separation between each of the said lateral floor portions and the said jetpipe at a rear end of the corresponding lateral wall portion is preferably comprised between 2% and 15% of a maximum width of the said aft fairing at a trailing edge, namely a rear end, of the said jetpipe.
Such a separation makes it possible to optimize the flow rate of that part of the bypass flow that flows along the said air passage spaces.
Moreover, the said jetpipe advantageously comprises an extension extending as a projection rearwards and facing the said floor of the said aft fairing.
Such an extension makes it possible to extend rearwards the guidance of the part of the bypass flow that leaves the said air passage spaces along the said floor.
For preference, the said two lateral walls of the said aft fairing extend respectively in the continuation of two fork walls which connect together two annular cowls which, respectively on the inside and on the outside, delimit an annular space in which a bypass stream flows through the said turbojet engine.
The invention also relates to an aircraft comprising at least one propulsion system of the type described hereinabove.
The invention will be better understood, and other details, advantages and features thereof will become apparent from reading the following description given by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the attached drawings in which:
Throughout all these figures, identical references may denote elements that are identical or analogous.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONThis propulsion system differs from the propulsion system of
The latter has two opposite lateral walls 32 extending one on each side of a mid-plane P of the aft fairing 30 (
Each of the two air passage spaces 60 thus defined is open to the side (
In addition, the two lateral wall portions 58 in themselves delimit a base 64 of the aft fairing 30, namely a structure projecting downward from the forward part 48 of the floor 36 and separating the two air passage spaces 60 from one another.
The base 64 may be formed of a solid or hollow structure. In the latter instance, the lateral wall portions 58 may adopt the form of sliding seals working, for example, on the same well known principle as the seals 54 in
As is more clearly apparent in
In addition, each lateral floor portion 62 is preferably shaped so that it extends rearwards towards the jetpipe 45 (
As an alternative, the abovementioned separations d1 and d2 may be equal without departing from the scope of the invention.
In addition, the separation d2 between each lateral floor portion 62 and the jetpipe 45 at a rear end of the corresponding lateral wall portion 58 is comprised between 2% and 15% of a maximum width d3 of the aft fairing 30 at a trailing edge 65 of the jetpipe 45. That should be understood as meaning that the maximum width d3 is measured in a transverse plane defined by the trailing edge 65. In the example illustrated, the fairing 30 has a substantially rectangular cross section so that its width d3 is substantially constant in the height direction Z. As an alternative, the fairing 30 may have a different cross section, in which case the maximum width d3 considered is the width measured at a height Z at which the fairing 30 has its maximum width.
In operation, a part 66 of the bypass flow 38 (
The said part 66 of the bypass flow thus forms a film of relatively cool air between the floor 36 and a part 42′ of the primary flow 42 made up of exhaust gases ducted by the jetpipe 45.
The said part 66 of the bypass flow makes it possible to protect the rear part 44 of the floor 36 and the lateral walls 32 from the heat of the primary flow 42 in a simple and effective way.
As
The length of the extension 68 is preferably comprised between 5% and 30% of the length of the rear part 44 of the floor 36 of the aft fairing 30. By definition, this rear part 44 extends from the rear end of the jetpipe 45.
The extension 68 improves the guidance of the part 66 of the bypass flow along the rear part 44 of the floor 36.
There are other possible shapes that the extension 68 may take, for example a trapezoidal, triangular or even rectangular shape.
In addition, the extension 68 may have a curvature oriented towards the axis 50 of the turbojet engine 10, i.e. downwards in the example illustrated.
Claims
1. A propulsion system for an aircraft, the propulsion system comprising:
- a bypass turbojet engine; and
- a pylon for attaching the bypass turbojet engine to an airframe of the aircraft, the pylon comprising an aft fairing comprising two lateral walls, a floor to protect the pylon from a heat of a primary flow ducted by a jetpipe of the bypass turbojet engine, and, formed in each of the two lateral walls, a recess in a form of an air passage, wherein each recess is respectively defined by the jetpipe on a bottom of the recess, a lateral floor portion on a top of the recess, and a lateral wall portion on an inner surface of the recess,
- wherein each lateral floor portion has a surface that curves towards an exterior surface of an ejection bullet, around which the jetpipe extends,
- wherein the pylon is configured such that a base is disposed between the jetpipe and the two lateral floor portions of the pylon, the base being formed by the lateral wall portion of each of the lateral walls of the aft fairing at an end facing a rear of the propulsion system, and wherein each lateral wall portion is configured to extend towards the rear of the propulsion system and is curved towards a mid-plane of the aft fairing,
- wherein each lateral floor portion is disposed on either side of the mid-plane of the aft fairing and is separated from the jetpipe so that the lateral floor portions and the lateral wall portions, along with the jetpipe, delimit each air passage, which are open laterally and towards the rear of the propulsion system, and
- wherein the floor is configured such that at least a part of a bypass stream is injected under the lateral floor portions to form a film of cool air under the floor for protecting the pylon from the heat of the primary flow.
2. The propulsion system according to claim 1, wherein each lateral wall portion has a convex face facing towards an outside of the aft fairing when the latter is viewed in section on a plane orthogonal to the mid-plane and parallel to an axis of the bypass turbojet engine.
3. The propulsion system according to claim 1, wherein a separation between each lateral floor portion and the jetpipe at a rear end of a corresponding lateral wall portion is between 2% and 15% of a maximum width of the aft fairing at a trailing edge of the jetpipe.
4. The propulsion system according to claim 1, wherein the jetpipe comprises an extension configured to extend as a projection rearwards and to face the floor of the aft fairing.
5. The propulsion system according to claim 1, wherein the two lateral walls of the aft fairing extend, respectively, in a continuation of two fork walls which connect together two annular cowls which, respectively, on an inside and on an outside thereof, delimit an annular space in which the bypass stream flows through the bypass turbojet engine.
6. The propulsion system according to claim 1, wherein the floor of the aft fairing comprises a forward part configured to extend in line with the jetpipe to a rear end of the jetpipe and a rear part configured to extend rearwardly from the jetpipe, so as to be substantially continuous with the forward part.
7. An aircraft comprising at least one propulsion system according to claim 1.
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- French Search Report for Application 1350187 dated Sep. 6, 2013.
Type: Grant
Filed: Dec 20, 2013
Date of Patent: Jul 18, 2017
Patent Publication Number: 20140191080
Assignee: AIRBUS OPERATIONS (S.A.S.) (Toulouse)
Inventors: Thierry Surply (Cornebarrieu), Cyril Bonnaud (Toulouse), David Grossein (Toulouse), Stéve Bedoin (Toulouse), Amadou AndréSylla (Toulouse), Guillaume Drochon (Toulouse), Marjorie Clottes (Toulouse)
Primary Examiner: Tien Dinh
Assistant Examiner: Christopher Hutchens
Application Number: 14/137,334
International Classification: B64D 27/26 (20060101); B64C 7/02 (20060101); B64D 29/02 (20060101); B64D 33/04 (20060101); F01D 25/14 (20060101); F02C 7/12 (20060101); F02K 1/82 (20060101);