Raspberry plant named `Holyoke`
The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of red raspberry plant named `Holyoke`. The new cultivar is distinguished from other red fruited raspberry cultivars by its large, glossy fruit of bright color, very attractive fruit and its high yielding capacity on both primocane and floricane crops. `Holyoke` is distinguished from its pollen parent by having firmer, shinier fruit and being earlier in the primocane crop. The new cultivar is distinguished from its seed parent by having a lighter color and firmer fruit.
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The new cultivar of raspberry plant was developed from the hybridization of the selection `H374-2` (an unpatented variety) as the seed parent with the selection `E4-4` (an unpatented variety) as the pollen parent. The parents were crossed in the Fall of 1991, whereafter fruit and seed were collected to produce seedlings for field planting in Watsonville, Calif. in 1991. The new cultivar was selected from these seedlings in June 1993 for its large, bright color, shiny and glossy, very attractive fruit and its high yielding capacity on both primocane and floricane crops. It has excellent fruit firmness and is early in the primocane crop. The new cultivar has been asexually propagated by in vitro shoot tip culture, root sucker division and root cuttings at the Cassin Ranch in Santa Cruz county, Calif. and has been shown to maintain the desired and distinguishing characteristics after propagation over several generations.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention provides a new and distinct cultivar of red raspberry plant named `Holyoke`. The `Holyoke` red raspberry plant produces a primocane crop which begins in mid to late July and continues until early November. The floricane crop begins in mid to late May and continues until early July. Both the primocane and floricane yields are high relative to other comparable varieties. The fruit of `Holyoke` is large, glossy and attractive and remains consistently so throughout its harvest period. The fruit does not darken in color after harvest.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSThe accompanying photographs show typical specimens of the primocane fruit, leaves and shoot of the new cultivar, in color as nearly true as it is reasonably possible to make in color illustrations of these characteristics.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a `Holyoke` primocane mature leaf and fruit.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a `Holyoke` primocane shoot.
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTIONThe following detailed description of the new raspberry cultivar, `Holyoke`, is based upon observations taken of plants and fruit grown in Watsonville, Calif. between 1994 and 1997, and is believed to apply to plants of the `Holyoke` cultivar grown in similar conditions of soil and climate elsewhere.
Throughout this specification, color names beginning with a small letter signify that the name of the color, as used in common speech, is aptly descriptive. Color data beginning with a capital letter and followed by an alphanumeric code designating the color according to the R.H.S. Colour Chart published by The Royal Horticultural Society of London, England. Color designations, color descriptions, and other phenotypical descriptions may deviate from the stated values and descriptions depending upon variation in environmental, seasonal, climatic and cultural conditions.
Tables 1 and 2 provide information on the plant and fruit characteristics of the new cultivar `Holyoke` compared with characteristics of the unpatented raspberry cultivars `Heritage`, `Summit` and `Amity`. The cultivars closest to the new cultivar `Holyoke` are `Heritage` and `Amity` for their primocane cropping cycle, and `Heritage` and `Summit` for their floricane cropping cycle.
The new variety is particularly characterized and distinguished from other cultivars by its large, glossy and firm fruit.
The fruit color of `Holyoke` is a bright, shiny, glossy red color of very attractive fruit with little color change after harvest.
The primocane yield of `Holyoke` is high relative to the varieties `Heritage` and `Amity`. `Holyoke` has a floricane yield similar to `Amity` and `Heritage`.
`Holyoke` is distinguishable from its pollen parent, selection `E4-4`, by having firmer, shinier fruit and being earlier in the primocane crop. The new cultivar is distinguished from its seed parent, selection `H374.2`, by having lighter color and firmer fruit.
ISOZYME ANALYSISIn addition to the morphological description above, the new cultivar `Holyoke` has been analyzed to obtain an indication of its genetic makeup to provide further means for identifying the new variety and distinguishing it from some other somewhat similar and/or related raspberry varieties. Specifically, leaf samples of `Holyoke`, and the unpatented varieties `Summit` and `Heritage` were analyzed by electrophoresis for isozyme patterns of the enzymes phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) according to the procedure described by J. C. Cousineau and D. J. Donnelly, "Use of isozyme analysis to characterize raspberry cultivars and detect cultivar mislabeling", Hort Science 27:1023-1025 (1992). Isozyme characterization of the cultivar `Holyoke` is presented in Table 3, with the letters representing the banding patterns for each enzyme as designated in the above-identified article.
DISEASE AND STRESS RESISTANCEThe cultivar has moderate resistance to late leaf rust. Resistance is unknown to powdery mildew and root rots. Cold tolerance of the new cultivar has not been established. Post harvest fruit rot resistance is average in comparison over many selections and varieties.
TABLE 1
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PLANT CHARACTERISTICS OF `HOLYOKE`
Holy- Heri-
oke tage Summit Amity
______________________________________
General
Plant size medium large small- medium
medium
Growth habit erect erect semi- erect
erect
Productivity high medium high low-
medium
Self-fruitfulness
self- self- self- self-
fruit- fruit- fruit- fruit-
ful ful ful ful
Primocane
fruiting
percent of cane
.about.15-30
.about.5-20
.about.40-50
.about.20-35
flowering as
primocane
percent of total
.about.60-70
.about.40-60
.about.50-70
.about.40-50
yield
Number of young
medium medium few many
shoots
Canes
Primocanes
number fruiting
7-21 2-14 9-15 6-14
laterals/cane
(mean (mean (mean (mean
14) 8) 12) 10)
number of 2-6 3-5 2-7 1-6
canes/crown (mean (mean (mean (mean
4) 4) 3) 3)
young shoot weak medium medium
medium
inten- inten- inten- inten-
sity sity sity sity
pigmentation red red red red
length (cm) 161- 182- 137- 135-
228 230 212 208
(mean (mean (mean (mean
197) 208) 164) 168)
diameter
(end of 1st year)
cane base (cm)
1.1-1.6 0.9-1.4 0.8-1.3
0.8-1.5
(mean (mean (mean (mean
1.3) 1.2) 1.1) 1.1)
central 1/3 of
0.9-1.2 0.8-1.1 0.7-1.0
0.6-1.0
cane (cm) (mean (mean (mean (mean
1.1) 1.0) 0.8) 0.8)
time of shoot
early very late medium
emergence late
prickles
pigmentation green- green- brown- purple
brown- brown- ish
ish ish- purple-
green green purple
density on young
medium dense sparse sparse
shoots
attitude of tip
hori- down- down- hori-
zontal ward ward zontal
size medium medium medium small
texture heavy rigid heavy heavy
presence and regu- regu- regu- regu-
distribution on
larly larly larly larly
petioles distri- distri- distri-
distri-
buted buted buted buted
pubescence on
medium absent medium medium
canes or
very
weak
internodal
distance (cm)
(at central 1/3
4.0-7.7 3.0-6.0 3.2-7.5
3.0-6.5
of cane) (mean (mean (mean
(mean
5.3) 4.7) 4.8) 5.0)
lenticels not not not not
visible visible visible
visible
Floricanes
number 9-16 10-14 10-15 12-19
nodes/lateral
branch
number of 1-2 1-4 2-6 1-2
flowers/node
Leaves
Arrangement com- com- com- com-
pound pound pound pound
Relief between
strong very medium medium
veins weak
Cross section
vari- concave flat con-
able, cave-
convex- flat
concave
Leaflet number
usually 3-5 usually
usually
3 5 3
Terminal leaflet
length (cm) 13.6 14.6 12.4 13.7
width (cm) 12.2 7.8 7.2 12.1
shape lobed ovate ovate lobed
tip acumi- acumi- acumi- acumi-
nate nate nate nate
base cordate acute rounded
cordate
margin doubly doubly doubly doubly
serrate serrate serrate
serrate
Lateral leaflets
(basal pair)
overlap touch- free over- over-
ing lapping
lapping
orientation opposite opposite opposite
opposite
shape ovate oblique ovate- ovate-
lobed lobed
tip acumi- acumi- acumi- acumi-
nate nate nate nate
base oblique- oblique oblique-
oblique
rounded rounded
margin doubly doubly doubly doubly
serrate serrate serrate
serrate
length (cm) 10.8 14.7 11.6 11.7
width (cm) 8.1 8.6 7.7 8.2
Rachis length
3.0-4.1 0.8-2.2 0.5-1.8
2.4-3.9
between terminal
(mean (mean (mean (mean
leaflet and 3.4) 1.5) 1.2) 3.0)
adjacent lateral
leaflets (cm)
Glossiness glossy medium medium dull
Color
face medium medium medium medium
137A 137A, 137A 147A
139A
underside 138B 148C, 191B 191A
191B
Petiole
length (cm) 5.0-7.8 6.6-8.5 5.8-8.9
4.0-8.2
(mean (mean (mean (mean
6.7) 7.6) 7.4) 6.0)
pigmentation of
unpig- lightly lightly
lightly
upper surface
mented
pigmentation of
unpig- unpig- lightly
unpig-
underside mented mented mented
Petiolule length
very very short very
short short short
Stipule erect erect erect- erect-
orientation clasping
clasping
Flowers
Flower color white white white white
Flowering period
primocane mid mid early early
June- June- June- June-
early early mid early
October October Septem-
October
ber
floricane early early early early to
April- April- April- mid
early June
early June
early June
March-
early
June
Flower size medium small medium large
Petal
length (cm) 0.8-1.0 0.7-0.8 0.7-0.9
0.7-1.0
width (cm) 0.3-0.4 0.3 0.3-0.4
0.3-0.5
Pedicel
coloration absent present, present,
present,
or strong strong strong
very inten- inten- inten-
weak sity, sity, sity,
inten- red red red
sity
red
length medium medium medium long
Productivity
Primocane .about.9.2
.about.5.1
.about.7.3
.about.6.4
t/acre t/acre t/acre t/acre
Floricane .about.4.1
.about.4.1
.about.2.9
.about.5.1
t/acre t/acre t/acre t/acre
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TABLE 2
______________________________________
FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF `HOLYOKE`
Holyoke Heritage Summit Amity
______________________________________
Fruit
Harvest season
primocane
mid to late
late July-
mid July-
mid July-
July-early
mid late mid
November November October November
floricane
mid to late
mid May- mid May-
late April
May-early mid July mid July
mid July
July
Color Light- Medium Red
Medium Red
Medium Red
Medium Red
immature 44C 53A 46A 46A
maturing 45A 45A, 46D 45A 47A
mature 46A 44C 42B 42B
Glossiness
strong medium medium medium
Dimensions
weight (g/fruit)
primocane
4.0-5.1 2.7-2.9 2.5-3.3 2.7-3.7
(mean 4.4)
(mean 2.8)
(mean 2.8)
(mean 3.2)
floricane
3.2-4.2 2.3-2.7 2.5-2.8 3.0-3.4
(mean 3.8)
(mean 2.6)
(mean 2.6)
(mean 3.2)
length 22.2-28.6 -- 17.5-25.4
17.5-22.2
(primocane)
(mean 25.3) (mean 20.2)
(mean 20.1)
(mm)
width (primo-
19.8-27.0 -- 18.3-23.0
15.9-23.0
cane) (mm)
(mean 23.9) (mean 20.4)
(mean 20.2)
Soluble sol-
8.2 -- 9.4 9.7
ids (%)
Titratable
acidity
(% as citric
9.0 -- 14.5 11.2
acid)
Seeds
weight (mg)
1.9 -- 1.8 1.5
Number 94-131 45-102 73-119 62-108
druplets/fruit
(mean 111)
(mean 72) (mean 98)
(mean 88)
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TABLE 3
______________________________________
ISOZYME BANDING PATTERNS OF `HOLYOKE` COMPARED
WITH `HERITAGE` AND `SUMMIT`
Isozyme and Pattern
Cultivar PGI MDH PGM
______________________________________
Holyoke D K C
Heritage A D C
Summit A C A
______________________________________
Claims
1. A new and distinctive cultivar of raspberry plant, as illustrated and described herein.
| PP7528 | May 21, 1991 | Ackerman |
Type: Grant
Filed: Mar 31, 1998
Date of Patent: Oct 12, 1999
Assignee: Sweetbriar Development, Inc. (Watsonville, CA)
Inventors: Carlos D. Fear (Aptos, CA), Mella-Dee M. Mayberry (Geeorgetown, DE)
Primary Examiner: Howard J. Locker
Assistant Examiner: Wendy A Baker
Law Firm: Pennie & Edmonds LLP
Application Number: 9/52,490
