Raspberry plant named `AnnaMaria`
The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of red raspberry plant named `AnnaMaria`, botanically identified as Rubus idaeus L. The new cultivar is distinguished from other red fruited cultivars by its large fruit of excellent firmness, its high yielding capacity on both primocane and floricane crops, and light red color of the fruit.
The new cultivar was developed from the hybridization of the selection `E39-3` (unpatented variety) as the seed parent with the selection `F164-3` (an unpatented variety) as the pollen parent. The parents were crossed in the Fall of 1992, whereafter fruit and seed were collected to produce seedlings for field planting in Watsonville, Calif. in 1992. The new cultivar was selected from these seedlings in August 1993 for its large fruit size, high productivity, and fruit flavor. The new cultivar has been grown and asexually propagated by in vitro shoot tip culture, root sucker division and root cuttings at the Cassin Ranch in Santa Cruz county, California, and has been shown to maintain the desired and distinguishing characteristics after propagation over several generations.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThis invention provides a new and distinct cultivar of red raspberry plant named `AnnaMaria`. The new cultivar is botanically identified as Rubus idaeus L. The `AnnaMaria` cultivar produces a primocane crop which begins in mid July to early August and continues through November. The floricane crop begins in late April and continues through late June. Both the primocane and floricane yields are very high relative to other comparable cultivars. The fruit of `AnnaMaria` is large and firm and remains consistently so throughout its harvest period. The fruit of `AnnaMaria` is light red.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSThe accompanying photographs show typical specimens of the primocane fruit, leaves and shoot of the new cultivar, in color as nearly true as it is reasonably possible to make in color illustrations of these characteristics.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a primocane mature leaf and fruit.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a primocane shoot and leaf.
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTIONThe following detailed description of the new raspberry cultivar, `AnnMaria`, is based upon observations taken of plants and fruit grown in Watsonville, Calif. between 1994 and 1997, and is believed to apply to plants of the `AnnaMaria` cultivar grown in similar conditions of soil and climate elsewhere.
Throughout the specification, color names beginning with a small letter signify that the name of the color, as used in common speech, is aptly descriptive. Color names beginning with a capital letter and followers by an alphanumeric code designating the color according to The R.H.S. Colour Chart published by The Royal Horticultural Society of London, England. Color designations, descriptions, and other phenotypical descriptions may deviate from the stated values and descriptions depending upon variation in environmental, seasonal, climatic and cultural conditions.
Tables 1 and 2 present information on the plant and fruit characteristics of the new cultivar `AnnaMaria` compared with characteristics of the unpatented raspberry cultivars `Heritage`, `Summit` and `Amity`. The closest cultivars to `AnnaMaria` are `Amity` for its cropping cycle and `Summit` for its primocare production. Observations of the cultivars were taken under similar conditions.
The new variety is particularly characterized and distinguished from other cultivars listed in tables 1 and 2 by its high yielding capacity on both primocane and floricane crops, and large fruit size, firmness of the fruit and fruit flavor.
The fruit color of `AnnaMaria` is light red at harvest with little color change after harvest. Fruit of `AnnaMaria` is large, separates very easily from the receptacle and is of very good firmness at harvest.
`AnnaMaria` is distinguished from its pollen parent, `F164-3`, as having a higher yield and greater fruit firmness. `AnnaMaria` is distinguished from its seed parent, `E39-3`, by having a higher yield and fruit that is less firm.
ISOZYME CHARACTERISTICSIn addition to the morphological description above, the new variety `AnnaMaria` has been analyzed to obtain an indication of its genetic makeup to provide further means to identify the new variety and distinguishing it from some other somewhat similar and/or related raspberry varieties. Specifically, leaf samples of `AnnaMaria` and the unpatented varieties `Heritage` and `Summit` were analyzed by electrophoresis for the isosozyme patterns of the enzymes phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) using the procedure described by J.C. Cousineau and D.J. Donnelly, "Use of isoenzyme analysis to characterize raspberry cultivars and detect cultivar mislabeling", Hort Science 27:1023-1025 (1992). The results of the electrophoresis analysis are presented in Table 3 with the letters representing the cultivar banding pattern for each enzyme as designated in the above-identified article.
DISEASE AND STRESS RESISTANCEThe cultivar is moderately susceptible to late leaf rust. Resistance is unknown to powdery mildew and root rots. Cold tolerance of the new cultivar has not been established. Post harvest fruit rot resistance is average in comparisons over many selections and varieties.
TABLE 1
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PLANT CHARACTERISTICS OF `ANNAMARIA`
Anna- Heri-
Maria tage Summit Amity
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General
Plant size large large small- medium
medium
Growth habit erect erect semi- erect
erect
Productivity very medium high low-
high medium
Self-fruitfulness
self- self- self- self-
fruit- fruit- fruit- fruit-
ful ful ful ful
Primocane
fruiting
percent of cane
.about.40-60
.about.5-20
.about.40-50
.about.20-35
flowering as
primocane
percent of total
.about.50-70
.about.40-60
.about.50-70
.about.40-50
yield
Number of young
few medium few many
shoots
Primocanes
number fruiting
11-23 2-14 9-15 6-14
laterals/cane
(mean (mean (mean (mean
17) 8) 12) 10)
number of 2-6 3-5 2-7 1-6
canes/crown (mean (mean (mean (mean
4) 4) 3) 3)
young shoot medium medium medium
medium
pigmentation inten- inten- inten- inten-
sity sity sity sity
red red red red
length (cm) 175- 182- 137- 135-
225 230 212 208
(mean (mean (mean (mean
198) 208) 164) 168)
diameter
(end of 1st year)
cane base (cm)
0.8-1.7 0.9-1.4 0.8-1.3
0.8-1.5
(mean (mean (mean (mean
1.2) 1.2) 1.1) 1.1)
central 1/3 of
0.7-1.2 0.8-1.1 0.7-1.0
0.6-1.0
cane (cm) (mean (mean (mean (mean
0.9) 1.0) 0.8) 0.8)
time of shoot
late very late medium
emergence late
prickles
pigmentation green- green- brown- purple
brown- brown- ish-
ish ish purple-
green green purple
density on young
medium dense sparse sparse
shoots
attitude of tip
hori- down- down- hori-
zontal ward ward zontal
size small medium medium small
texture heavy- rigid heavy heavy
rigid
presence and regu- regu- regu- regu-
distribution on
larly larly larly larly
petioles distri- distri- distri-
distri-
buted buted buted buted
pubescence on
strong absent medium medium
canes or
very
weak
internodal
distance (cm)
(at central 1/3
4.2-6.5 3.0-6.0 3.2-7.5
3.0-6.5
of cane) (mean (mean (mean
(mean
5.1) 4.7) 4.8) 5.0)
lenticels not not not not
visible visible visible
visible
Floricanes
number 9-11 10-14 10-15 12-19
nodes/lateral
branch
number of 1-2 1-4 2-6 1-2
flowers/node
Leaves
Arrangement com- com- com- com-
pound pound pound pound
Relief between
medium very medium medium
veins weak
Cross section
flat- concave flat con-
convex cave-
flat
Leaflet number
3-5 3-5 usually
usually
5 3
Terminal leaflet
length (cm) 14.0 14.6 12.4 13.7
width (cm) 14.0 7.8 7.2 12.1
shape lobed ovate ovate lobed
tip acumi- acumi- acumi- acumi-
nate nate nate nate
base cordate acute rounded
cordate
margin doubly doubly doubly doubly
serrate serrate serrate
serrate
Lateral leaflets
(basal pair)
overlap over- free over- over-
lapping lapping
lapping
orientation opposite opposite opposite
opposite
shape ovate oblique ovate- ovate-
lobed lobed
tip acumi- acumi- acumi- acumi-
nate nate nate nate
base weakly oblique oblique-
oblique
cordate- rounded
round
margin doubly doubly doubly doubly
serrate serrate serrate
serrate
length (cm) 11.0 14.7 11.6 11.7
width (cm) 7.5 8.6 7.7 8.2
Rachis length
3.0-4.9 0.8-2.2 0.5-1.8
2.4-3.9
between terminal
(mean (mean (mean (mean
leaflet and 4.3) 1.5) 1.2) 3.0)
adjacent lateral
leaflets (cm)
Glossiness medium medium medium dull
Color
face medium medium medium medium
147A 137A, 137A 147A
139A
underside 148C 148C, 191B 191A
191B
Petiole
length (cm) 6.3-10.7 6.6-8.5 5.8-8.9
4.0-8.2
(mean (mean (mean (mean
8.3) 7.6) 7.4) 6.0)
pigmentation of
weak lightly lightly
lightly
upper surface
pigmentation of
weak unpig- lightly
unpig-
underside mented mented
Petiolule length
short very short very
short short
Stipule erect- erect erect- erect-
orientation clasping clasping
clasping
Flowers
Flower color white white white white
Flowering period
primocane mid mid early early
June- June- June- June-
mid early mid early
October October Septem-
October
ber
floricane late early early early to
March- April- April- mid
mid June early June
early June
March-
early
June
Flower size medium small medium large
Petal
length (cm) 0.8-0.9 0.7-0.8 0.7-0.9
0.7-1.0
width (cm) 0.4-0.5 0.3 0.3-0.4
0.3-0.5
Pedicel
coloration present, present, present,
present,
medium strong strong strong
inten- inten- inten- inten-
sity sity sity sity
red red red red
length medium medium medium long
Productivity
Primocane .about.13.3
.about.5.1
.about.7.3
.about.6.4
t/acre t/acre t/acre t/acre
Floricane .about.8.1
.about.4.1
.about.2.9
.about.5.1
t/acre t/acre t/acre t/acre
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TABLE 2
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FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF `ANNAMARIA`
AnnaMaria
Heritage Summit Amity
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Fruit
Harvest season
primocane
mid July to
late July-
mid July-
mid July-
early mid late mid
August- November October November
November
floricane
late April-
mid May- mid May-
late April
late June mid July mid July
mid July
Color Light Red Medium Red
Medium Red
Medium Red
immature 39A, 43C 53A 46A 46A
maturing 46D, 47A 45A, 46D 45A 47A
mature 45D 44C 42B 42B
Glossiness
weak medium medium medium
Dimensions
weight (g/fruit)
primocane
4.0-4.5 2.7-2.9 2.5-3.3 2.7-3.7
(mean 4.2)
(mean 2.8)
(mean 2.8)
(mean 3.2)
floricane
3.6-4.1 2.3-2.7 2.5-2.8 3.0-3.4
(mean 3.9)
(mean 2.6)
(mean 2.6)
(mean 3.2)
length 21.4-33.3 -- 17.5-25.4
17.5-22.2
(primocane)
(mean 28.7) (mean 20.2)
(mean 20.1)
(mm)
width (primo-
20.6-27.0 -- 18.3-23.0
15.9-23.0
cane) (mm)
(mean 23.7) (mean 20.4)
(mean 20.2)
Soluble sol-
9.2 -- 9.4 9.7
ids (%)
Titratable
acidity
(% as citric
11.2 -- 14.5 11.2
acid)
Seeds
weight (mg)
1.8 -- 1.8 1.5
Number 103-165 45-102 73-119 62-108
druplets/fruit
(mean 142)
(mean 72) (mean 98)
(mean 88)
Firmness firm firm firm firm
Yield very high medium high medium
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TABLE 3
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ISOZYME BANDING PATTERNS OF `ANNAMARIA`
COMPARED WITH `HERITAGE` AND `SUMMIT`
Isozyme and Pattern
Cultivar PGI MDH PGM
______________________________________
AnnaMaria A H C
Heritage A D C
Summit A C A
______________________________________
Claims
1. A new and distinctive cultivar of raspberry plant, as illustrated and described herein.
Type: Grant
Filed: Feb 5, 1998
Date of Patent: Oct 19, 1999
Assignee: Sweetbriar Development, Inc. (Watsonville, CA)
Inventors: Carlos D. Fear (Aptos, CA), Mella-Dee M. Mayberry (Georgetown, DE)
Primary Examiner: Howard J. Locker
Assistant Examiner: Wendy A. Baker
Law Firm: Pennie & Edmonds LLP
Application Number: 9/19,173
