Strawberry plant named `Tamar`
A new and distinct variety of strawberry (Fragaria L.) called `Tamar` is a cross between `Oso Grande` and `Dorit`, and flowers "very early to early" on a scale of "very early" to "very late".
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The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of strawberry (Fragaria L.) called `Tamar`.
BACKGROUNDThis new variety was developed from an organized scientifically designated breeding program, carried out at the Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. This new variety originated as a single seedling selected from a seedling population obtained from crosses between the strawberry varieties `Oso Grande` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,578) and `Dorit` and was asexually vegetatively propagated at Bet Dagan, Israel, through runners and the propagation ran true.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe new variety `Tamar` is able to grow in September and produce fruit starting in November and lasting until summer. The production of fruit beginning in November (Northern Hemisphere, latitude 30-33 degrees) is two months earlier than short day varieties of Fragaria L. known to applicants. The fruit of the `Tamar` variety is characterized by good taste, good shape and good size.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURESFIG. 1: Photograph of the `Tamar` variety, illustrating the fruits.
FIG. 2: Photograph of the `Tamar` variety, illustrating a cross-section of the fruits.
FIG. 3: Photograph of the `Tamar` variety, illustrating the entire plant with foliage, flowers and fruit.
DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONThe `Tamar` variety was grown in winter, under polyethylene tunnels in Israel. `Tamar` is an infra short day variety flowering earlier than short days type strawberry varieties. Infra-Short-Day (I.S.D) varieties are defined as varieties which initiate flower bud primordia under long light regimes of 13-14 hours at the time that temperatures are about 22.degree. C., compared to strawberry types classified as short-day or day-neutral, that do not initiate flower bud primordia under above-mentioned conditions, thus resulting in early flowering and fruit production. The plants are grown in polyethylene tunnels to prevent malformation of the fruit that can be caused by wind and rain. Flowering and fruit production are not affected by the use of polyethylene tunnels.
This production procedure is utilized in normal agricultural practices by the skilled artisan and does not involve temperature or light control. Plants were stored at 0.degree. C. January through April. They were then planted in the nursery without further treatment. Runners with plantlets were produced during summer. These young plantlets were collected from the nursery in September and transferred to raised beds. Average temperatures at that time of the year are 30.degree. C. during the day and 22.degree. C. at night. Water and fertilizers were applied through drip irrigation.
An example of an optimum planting date is between September 5 and 15, with the approximate date of flowering on October 5-15, and the approximate date of first fruiting on November 5-15. Flowering is not induced by chilling, but by natural exposure to short day length (long nights) characteristic of late fall and early winter.
Strawberry plants in general are self-fertile, as is `Tamar`; no pollinator is needed as pollination is brought about by insects and wind.
Color readings described herein were taken under natural light conditions and color identifications were made by reference to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart (R.H.S.C.C.) except where common terms of color definition are employed.
The pertinent characteristics of the present invention are presented in Table 1 and Table 2. Additionally, the variety `Tamar` (1) has no tendency toward fruit malformation; (2) disease resistance appears normal in that no particular problematic conditions arose during trials; and (3) the type of bearing is not remontant, i.e. `Tamar` blooms continuously during late fall and winter.
Fruit shape of `Tamar` is similar to the strawberry variety `Dorit` (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,869). The fruit is longer than broad, with primary, secondary and tertiary fruit possessing almost similar shape (Table 2). The fruit is of medium firmness with a red color (Table 2).
The variety `Tamar` flowers two months earlier than known short-day strawberry varieties. A close known variety would be `Dorit` U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,869 (Table 1); also see the new varieties mentioned in: U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,881 (`Sharon`); U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,876 (`Shalom`); U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,865 (`Smadar`); U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,746 (`Ofra`); U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,748 (`Virginia`); U.S. Plant Pat. No. 8,747 (`Nama`). Additionally, early flowering results in early fruit production. Total Soluble Solids (T.S.S), percent acidity, aroma evaluation and taste are presented in Table 4, by comparing to the varieties listed in Table 3.
TABLE 1
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PLANT CHARACTERISTICS OF TAMAR
MORPHOLOGICAL
TRAIT DESCRIPTION
______________________________________
Classification Botanical
Fragaria L. Plant
1) Height 16-19 cm
2) Diameter 31-34 cm
3) Habit Globose
4) Density Dense
5) Vigor Medium
Leaf:
1) Length 21-23 cm
2) Width 14-16 cm
3) Green color of Upper Side
Medium RHS ca. 147 AB
4) Blistering Medium
5) Cross section Concave
6) No. of leaflets Sometimes >3
Petiole
1) Length 12-14 cm
2) Thickness 3-4 mm
3) Pubescence Medium
4) Green Color Light RHS ca. 144 B
Terminal leaflet
1) Length/Width ratio
Longer that broad
2) Shape of base Obtuse
3) Shape of Teeth Rounded
4) Length 5-8 cm
5) Width 5-7 cm
Calyx
1) Diameter of Primary Calyx
30-50 mm
2) Diameter of Secondary Calyx
30-42 mm
3) Diameter of Tertiary Calyx
20-30 mm
4) Size of Inner Calyx in
same size
relation to Outer Calyx
Flower
1) Diameter of Primary Flower
25-30 mm
2) Diameter of Secondary Flower
22-29 mm
3) Diameter of Tertiary Fiower
21-28 mm
4) Spacing of petals
Overlapping
5) Petal length 11-12 mm
6) Petal width 10-16 mm
7) Petal length/width
Broader than long
8) Time of beginning of flowering
Very early to early
9) Fragrance None
Stolon
1) Number per Plant ca. 15
2) Thickness 3.5-4 mm
3) Pubescence Weak
4) Anthocyanin coloration
Absent or very weak
Inflorescence
1) Position relative to foliage
Above
2) Peduncle length ca. 11 cm
3) Peduncle thickness
ca. 3 mm
4) Peduncle color Light green RHS ca. 144C
5) Peduncle pubescence
medium dense
______________________________________
The description of `Tamar` is based on the test guidelines for Fragaria L. of the International Union for the Protection of New Plant Varieties (UPOV). Only characteristics which are relevant for comparing varieties are listed; for example, there are no varietal differences acknowledged in the characteristic "color of lower side of leaf".
The Time of beginning of Flowering is scaled as from "very early" to "very late". "Very early" is defined as approximately the first week of October under the prevailing conditions, while "very late" is defined as approximately the first week of December. `Tamar` is scaled as "very early to early", while `Dorit` is between "very early to early" and "early", and `Oso Grande` is "late to very late".
Strawberry plants have dichotome inflorescences, thus producing one primary, two secondary and four tertiary flowers per inflorescence. Flowers of higher order do not normally produce commercial fruit.
TABLE 2
______________________________________
FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF TAMAR
CHARACTERISTIC DESCRIPTION
______________________________________
Time of first ripening
Very early to early
Primary Fruit
1) Length 50-57 mm
2) Width 45-60 mm
3) Shape Conical
4) Weight ca. 45 g
Secondary Fruit
1) Length 48-55 mm
2) Width 38-43 mm
3) Shape Conical
4) Weight ca. 34 g
Tertiary Fruit
1) Length 44-51 mm
2) Width 35-37 mm
3) Shape Conical
4) Weight ca. 24 g
Fruit
Band without achenes
narrow
Unevenness of surface
Absent or very weak
Color Red 44A
Evenness of color Even
Glossiness Strong
Insertion of achenes
Level with surface
Insertion of calyx In a basin
Pose of calyx segments
Clasping or detached
Size of calyx in relation
Smaller or larger
to fruit diameter
Adherence of calyx Strong
Firmness Medium
Color of Flesh Orange red 43B
Evenness of flesh color
Uneven
Sweetness Strong
Acidity Medium
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The Time of first Ripening, approximately one month after beginning of flowering, is scaled as from "very early" to "very late". "Very early" is defined as approximately the first week of November, while "very late" is defined as approximately the first week of January. `Tamar` is scaled as "very early to early", while `Dorit` is between "very early to early" and "early", and `Oso Grande` is "late to very late". The shape of `Tamar` fruit is similar to that of the variety `Dorit`.
TABLE 3
______________________________________
COMPARATIVE YIELD OF TAMAR.sup.a
November December January February
March April
______________________________________
Tamar
60 60 80 120 120
Dorit 70 100
100
100
100
Ofra 60 100
100
100
Chandler
0 0
30
150
150
120
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Note:
.sup.a Average yield in g/m.sup.2, in Ramat Hadar, Israel.
The time of beginning of ripening for `Tamar` fruit is near the end of November. The time of ripening for `Ofra` (infra short day U.S Plant Pat. No. 8,746) fruit is "very early". The time of ripening for `Dorit` infra short day U.S. Plant Pat. No. 7,869, fruit is between "very early to early" and "early". The time of ripening for `Chandler` short-day U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,262, fruit is "very late".
TABLE 4
______________________________________
COMPARATIVE FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF TAMAR
T.S.S..sup.a
Acidity.sup.b
Aroma.sup.c
Taste
______________________________________
Tamar 9.5-11.0 1.1 5 Very good
Dorit 8.5-9.5
5
Good
Ofra 8.0-9.5
4
Good
Chandler 6.5-7.5
4
Slightly acidic
______________________________________
Notes:
.sup.a Total Soluble Solids (Sugars) expresses fruit sweetness and was
determined with a refractometer; for strawberry fruit a T.S.S. of 14.0 is
very sweet, while below 6.5 is not sweet.
.sup.b Percent of acidity was determined as follows: 2 cc of juice extrac
was mixed with 20 cc of water. Five drops of phenolphthalein were added
and the mixture was titrated with NaOH. The percent acidity is calculated
as the quantity of NaOH (cc) .times. 0.32.
.sup.c The aroma value is a subjective expression obtained by tasting,
using a scale from 1 (no aroma) to 5 (strong aroma).
Claims
1. A new distinct variety of strawberry plant substantially as illustrated and described and distinguished as being able to grow in September and produce fruit starting in November and lasting until summer, with fruit having a good taste and shape.
Type: Grant
Filed: Nov 14, 1997
Date of Patent: Nov 30, 1999
Assignee: State of Israel, Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Organization (Bet Dagan)
Inventors: Eva Izsak (Rehovot), Shamai Izhar (Rehovot)
Primary Examiner: Howard J. Locker
Assistant Examiner: Ashwin Mehta
Law Firm: Browdy and Neimark
Application Number: 8/970,692
