Artichoke plant named ‘PAGA G-1’
A new and distinct variety of artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) plant named ‘PAGA G-1’, particularly characterized by its high yield, large primary bud size, large number of secondary and tertiary buds, wide bracts with fleshy base, thick stems, and early maturity, is disclosed.
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Latin name:
Botanical classification: Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus.
Varietal denomination:
Varietal denomination of the claimed artichoke variety: ‘PAGA G-1’.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONArtichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus), or globe artichoke, is a thistle-like perennial plant native to the Mediterranean region and is a member of the family Asteraceae. Artichoke belongs to the species Cynara cardunculus L. that includes two subspecies/cultivation groups: the cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis) that is cultivated for its edible leaf stems, and the artichoke that is cultivated for its edible immature inflorescence hereinafter referred to as buds, heads, or capitula. In some instances, artichoke is distinguished as Cynara scolymus.
Artichoke is a popular vegetable food source in many regions of the world, with nearly two million tons of artichokes produced annually. The United States produces approximately 40,000 tons of artichokes annually, with California being responsible for nearly 100% of its production, of which about 80% is grown in Monterey County.
Historically, a common perennial artichoke variety that is grown in the United States is ‘Green Globe’, also referred to as an “Heirloom” artichoke. Despite the use of it as a traditional cultivar, ‘Green Globe’ does not produce large numbers of large buds which are most desired by consumers. Further, ‘Green Globe’ exhibits a substantial amount of phenotypic variation as well as protracted and unpredictable harvest intervals.
Thus, there exists a need for improved artichoke varieties having large sized post-primary bud production, programmable and predictable harvest timing, and better uniformity. The present artichoke variety described herein is a product of the efforts to develop such artichoke varieties.
BRIEF SUMMARYThe present disclosure relates to a new and distinct artichoke variety (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus) which has been denominated as ‘PAGA G-1’. This new artichoke variety exhibits increased bud yield, size and plant vigor compared to ‘Green Globe’, and produces a large primary bud, about 7-10 secondary buds, and about 6-14 tertiary buds per primary reproductive shoot. Up to 8 of the primary and secondary buds are 12-15 inches in circumference. Between 4-5 of the secondary and tertiary buds are 10¾-12½ inches in circumference or larger. The remaining buds are generally between 3-10½ inches in circumference. The plants produce between 1 and 5 reproductive shoots, in addition to the primary reproductive shoot, in the first production cycle. These secondary reproductive shoots produce less marketable sized buds than the primary shoot, although cultural practices such as cutting the primary reproductive shoot from the plant after harvest can materially increase the size and number of buds produced by these secondary shoots.
The new artichoke variety described herein is the product of an artichoke plant improvement program conducted over a number of years. The original parent is the unpatented Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus variety ‘Green Globe’, commonly known and cultivated in Castroville, Calif. for more than 90 years. This improvement project began with the objective to develop an artichoke variety with superior bud production. This included selecting for improvements in both commercial quality of buds, as well as overall bud consistency and large size bud production per plant. Additionally, plants were selected based on their predictable and condensed harvest phase.
The new artichoke variety described herein was discovered after several years of isolating and propagating artichoke variety ‘Green Globe’ in Castroville, Calif. From this continual propagation, several selections were identified which exhibited superior yield characteristics as compared to ‘Green Globe’. During this process, no crosses were made between ‘Green Globe’ and another artichoke variety, and these identified selections with superior yield characteristics were presumably results of natural mutations of ‘Green Globe’. After identifying the superior quality plants from field conditions, the highest quality plants were selected for induction into laboratory tissue culture reproduction. These tissue-cultured plants were then planted in a test field in Castroville, Calif., where further selections were made among the population. Selections from this field were propagated by tissue culture, with subsequent field selections and tissue culture propagation conducted. The variety described herein as ‘PAGA G-1’ is a final product obtained from these selections and tissue culture propagation cycles.
Artichoke plant ‘PAGA G-1’ was subsequently asexually reproduced via tissue culture propagation and regeneration of artichoke plants from plantlets. The present variety has been found to be stable and reproduce true to type through successive asexual propagations.
‘PAGA G-1’ exhibits the following distinguishing characteristics when grown under normal horticultural practices in Castroville, Calif.:
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- 1. Large bud size;
- 2. Primary reproductive shoots produce at least 6 secondary buds, and at least 3 tertiary buds; on average, the number of lateral heads on the main stem of the plant ranges from 13 to 24;
- 3. Plants produce an average of 3 reproductive shoots, in addition to the primary reproductive shoot, during the first production cycle;
- 4. Bracts and receptacles are wide, and thick;
- 5. Large diameter peduncle; and
- 6. Early maturity.
The accompanying photographs illustrate the overall appearance of the new artichoke plant ‘PAGA G-1’ showing the colors as true as is reasonably possible with colored reproductions of this type. Colors in the photographs may differ slightly from the color values cited in the detailed botanical description, which accurately describes the color of this variety. The depicted plant and plant parts of the new artichoke plant ‘PAGA G-1’ are from plants that are 5-6 months old, grown in Castroville, Calif.
The following detailed descriptions set forth the distinctive characteristics of ‘PAGA G-1’. The data which define these characteristics is based on observations taken in Castroville, Calif. This description is in accordance with UPOV terminology. Color designations, color descriptions, and other phenotypical descriptions may deviate from the stated values and descriptions depending upon variation in environmental, seasonal, climatic, and cultural conditions. ‘PAGA G-1’ has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. The botanical description of ‘PAGA G-1’ was taken from plants that were 5-6 months old. The indicated values represent averages calculated from measurements of several plants. Color references are primarily to The R.H.S. Colour Chart of The Royal Horticultural Society of London (R.H.S.) (2007 edition). Descriptive terminology follows the Plant Identification Terminology, An Illustrated Glossary, 2nd edition by James G. Harris and Melinda Woolf Harris, unless where otherwise defined.
- Classification:
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- Taxonomic name.—Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus.
- Common name.—Globe Artichoke.
- Denomination.—‘PAGA G-1’.
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- Parentage: Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L. ‘PAGA G-1’ was discovered through successive plant selections, and tissue culture propagation cycles of Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus variety ‘Green Globe’.
When artichoke plant ‘PAGA G-1’ is compared to the parental variety ‘Green Globe’ (unpatented), ‘PAGA G-1’ produces larger sized secondary and tertiary buds and in greater numbers. Additionally, ‘PAGA G-1’ exhibits less phenotypic variation when grown in the field.
When artichoke plant ‘PAGA G-1’ is compared to the commercial variety ‘PAGA 13-1’ (U.S. Plant patent application Ser. No. 16/501,354), ‘PAGA G-1’ produces at least 9 lateral buds on the primary reproductive shoots and on average 3 secondary reproductive shoots during the first production cycle, has an early maturity, and has a capitulum shape of globose to ovoid; whereas ‘PAGA 13-1’ produces at least 20 lateral buds on the primary reproductive shoots and on average 6 secondary reproductive shoots during the first production cycle, has a late maturity, and has a capitulum shape of sub-globose with slightly flattened base and top.
When artichoke plant ‘PAGA G-1’ is compared to the commercial variety ‘PAGA 15-1’ (U.S. Plant patent application Ser. No. 16/501,352), ‘PAGA G-1’ produces at least 9 lateral buds on the primary reproductive shoots, on average 3 secondary reproductive shoots during the first production cycle, and has a moderate frequency of spinosity on outer bract; whereas ‘PAGA 15-1’ produces at least 12 lateral buds on the primary reproductive shoots, on average 4 secondary reproductive shoots during the first production cycle, and has frequent spinosity on outer bract.
Claims
1. A new and distinct variety of artichoke plant named ‘PAGA G-1’ as shown and described herein.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Mar 29, 2019
Date of Patent: Aug 25, 2020
Patent Publication Number: 20190307041
Assignee: LUIS A. SCATTINI & SONS, LP (Salinas, CA)
Inventor: Michael R. Scattini (Salinas, CA)
Primary Examiner: Keith O. Robinson
Application Number: 16/501,358
International Classification: A01H 6/14 (20180101);
