Chrysanthemum plant named `Sunny Time`

Abstract

A distinct cultivar of Chrysanthemum plant named Sunny Time, characterized by its flat capitulum form; moderately vigorous and compact growth habit; freely branching plant habit; medium decorative-type inflorescences; bright yellow ray florets; and numerous inflorescences per plant.

Description

The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Chrysanthemum plant, botanically known as Dendranthema grandiflora and referred to by the cultivar name Sunny Time.

The new cultivar is a product of a planned breeding program conducted by the inventory in Havant, Hampshire, United Kingdom. The objective of the breeding program was to create new Chrysanthemum cultivars having a fast flowering response, desirable inflorescence colors, and inflorescences and foliage with good substance.

The new cultivar originated from a cross made by the inventor of the inventor's proprietary Chrysanthemum selection No. P55-8 as the male or pollen parent with the inventor's proprietary Chrysanthemum selection No. P63-89 as the female or seed parent.

The cultivar Sunny Time was discovered and selected by the inventory as a flowering plant within the progeny of the stated cross in a controlled environment in Havant, Hampshire, United Kingdom.

Asexual reproduction of the new cultivar by terminal cuttings taken at Havant, Hampshire, United Kingdom, has shown that the unique features of this new Chrysanthemum are stable and reproduced true to type in successive generations.

The following traits have been repeatedly observed and are determined to be the unique characteristics of Sunny Time. These characteristics in combination distinguish Sunny Time as a new and distinct cultivar:

1. Flat capitulum form.

2. Moderatly vigorous and compact growth habit.

3. Freely branching plant habit.

4. Medium decorative-type inflorescences.

5. Bright yellow ray florets.

6. Numerous inflorescences per plant.

The cultivar Sunny Time has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. The phenotype may vary somewhat with variations in environment such as temperature, daylength and light intensity, without, however, any variance in genotype.

In side-by-side comparisons in Havant, Hampshire, United Kingdom, under commercial practice, plants of the new Chrysanthemum have larger inflorescences, lighter yellow ray floret color, and are earlier to flower than plants of the male parent, the proprietary selection P55-8. In the same comparisons, plants of the new Chrysanthemum have large inflorescences and leaves than plants of the female parent, the proprietary selection P63-89. In addition, the ray floret color of plants of the female parent is white.

Plants of the new Chrysanthemum are similar to the cultivar Tip (disclosed in U.S. Plant Pat. No. 3,867) in ray floret color. However, in side-by-side comparisons conducted in Oxnard, Calif., under commercial practice, plants of the new Chrysanthemum differed from plants of the cultivar Tip in the following characteristics:

1. Plants of the new Chrysanthemum are more compact and have shorter lateral branches than plants of the cultivar Tip.

2. Plants of the new Chrysanthemum are not as freely branching as plants of the cultivar Tip.

3. Leaves of plants of the new Chrysanthemum are longer than leaves of plants of the cultivar Tip.

4. Plants of the new Chrysanthemum have fewer ray florets, but more disc florets per inflorescence than plants of the cultivar Tip.

5. Disc florets are longer on plants of the new chrysanthemum compared to disc florets on plants of the cultivar Tip.

6. The peduncle angle of plants of the new Chrysanthemum is more obtuse than the peduncle angle of plants of the cultivar Tip.

A detailed comparison of plants of the new Chrysanthemum and the cultivar Tip appears in Chart A at the end of the specification.

The accompany colored photograph illustrates the overall appearance of the new cultivar, showing the colors as true as it is reasonably possible to obtain in colored reproduction of this type. The photograph comprises a top perspective view of a typical flowering 16.5-cm container of Sunny Time with five cuttings in the container and the terminal inflorescences removed (center-budded pot chrysanthemum).

In the following description, color references are made to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart except where general terms of ordinary dictionary significance are used. The following observations and measurements describe plants grown in Oxnard, Calif., under commercial practive in a glass-covered greenhouse with average night temperatures of 18.degree. C., average day temperatures of 30.degree. C., and light levels of 2,000 (cloudy conditions) to 9,000 (sunny conditions) footcandles.

After sticking unrooted cuttings of the new cultivar, plants received 21 long day/short nights followed by short day/long nights until flowering. Four weeks after the start day/long night treatment, plants received one spray application of daminozide growth retardant at a rate of 2500 ppm. Measurements and numerical values represent ranges or averages for six typical flowering plants.

Botanical classification: Dendranthema grandiflora cultivar Sunny Time.

Commercial classification: Decorative potted Chrysanthemum.

Parentage:

Male, or pollen, parent.--Proprietary selection P55-8.

Female, or seed, parent.--Proprietary selection P63-89.

Propagation:

Type.--Terminal tip cuttings.

Time to rooting.--7 to 10 days with soil temperature of 21.degree. C.

Rooting habit.--Fine, fibrous and well-branched.

Plant description:

Appearance.--Perennial herbaceous decorative potted plant. Stems upright, uniform habit and freely branching. Moderately vigorous and compact growth habit.

Plant height.--23 to 24 cm.

Lateral branch length.--15 to 18 cm.

Quantit of lateral branches after removal of apical meristem.--About 3.5.

Stem color.--147B.

Foliage description.--Number of leaves per lateral branch: 14 to 15. Leaf arrangement: Alternate. Leaf size, fully expanded: Length: 11.5 to 13 cm. Width: 6.5 to 7.5 cm. Leaf apex: Acuminate. Leaf base: Attenuate. Leaf margin: Palmately lobed. Leaf texture: Upper and under surfaces slightly pubescent, smooth and dull. Veins prominent on under surface. Petiole length: About 2 cm. Color: Young foliage upper surface: 147A. Young foliage under surface: 147B. Fully expanded foliage upper surface: 147A. Fully expanded foliage under surface: 147B. Venation upper surface: 147B. Venation under surface: 147B. Petiole: 147A.

Flowering description:

Appearance.--Decorative inflorescence form. Inflorescences borne on terminals above foliage, arising from leaf axils. Disc and ray florets arranged acropetally on a flat capitulum.

Flowering response.--Under natural conditions, plant flowers in the autumn/winter in the Northern Hemisphere. At other times of the year, inflorescence initiation and development can be induced under short day/long night conditions (at least 13.5 hours of darkness). Plants exposed to 2 to 3 weeks of long day/short night conditions after sticking followed by photoinductive short day/long night conditions, flower about 57 to 59 days later.

Postproduction longevity.--In an interior environment, inflorescences and foliage of flowering plants will maintain good color and substance for at least 2 weeks in an interior environment.

Quantity of Inflorescences.--About 6.5 inflorescences per flowering stem.

Inflorescence size.--Diameter: 9 to 9.5 cm. Depth (height): About 2.7 cm. Diameter of disc: About 1 cm.

Ray florets.--Shape: Long, narrow. Size: Length: 4.3 to 4.5 cm. Width: 1.2 to 1.3 cm. Apex: Rounded. Base: Acute. Margin: Entire. Texture: Satiny, smooth and glabrous. Aspect: Flat. Number of ray florets per inflorescence: About 180. Color: When opening, upper surface: 9A. When opening, under surface; 9A. Mature, upper surface: 6A, ray floret color does not fade with subsequent development. Mature, under surface: 6C.

Disc florets.--Shape: Tubular. Size: Length: About 7 mm. Width: About 1 mm. Number of disc florets per inflorescence: About 77. Color: Immature: 154A. Mature: 12A.

Peduncle.--Aspect: Strong and angled 45.degree. to 50.degree. to the stem. Length: 4 to 5 cm. Texture: Glabrous. Color: 147B.

Reproductive organs.--Androecium: Present on disc florets only. Anther color: 12A. Pollen: Moderate, 12A in color. Gynoecium: Present on both ray and disc florets. Style color: 154A.

Disease resistance:

No known Chrysanthemum diseases observed to date on plants grown under commercial greenhouse conditions.

Seed production:

Seed production has not been observed.

  ______________________________________                                    
     CHART A                                                                   
                       SUNNY                                                   
     CHARACTERISTIC    TIME       TIP                                          
     ______________________________________                                    
     PLANT HEIGHT      23 to 24 cm                                             
                                  28 to 29 cm                                  
     QUANTITY OF LATERAL                                                       
                       About 3.5  About 5                                      
     BRANCHES AFTER                                                            
     REMOVAL OF                                                                
     TERMINAL APEX                                                             
     LATERAL BRANCH    15 to 18 cm                                             
                                  20 to 22 cm                                  
     LENGTH                                                                    
     LEAF LENGTH       11.5 to 13 cm                                           
                                  8.5 to 10 cm                                 
     RAY FLORET COLOR, 9A         9A                                           
     WHEN OPENING, UPPER                                                       
     SIDE                                                                      
     RAY FLORET COLOR, 6A         6A                                           
     MATURE, UPPER SIDE                                                        
     RAY FLORET COLOR, 6C         6C                                           
     MATURE, UNDER SIDE                                                        
     NUMBER OF RAY FLORETS                                                     
                       About 180  About 255                                    
     PER INFLORESCENCE                                                         
     DISC FLORET LENGTH                                                        
                       About 7 mm About 4 mm                                   
     DISC FLORET QUANTITY                                                      
                       About 77   About 9                                      
     PER INFLORESCENCE                                                         
     DIAMETER OF DISC  About 1 cm About 2.5 mm                                 
     PEDUNCLE ANGLE    45 to 50.degree.                                        
                                  About 25.degree.                             
     ______________________________________                                    

Claims

1. A new and distinct cultivar of Chrysanthemum plant named Sunny Time, as illustrated and described.