Ballistic system and method for cutting a multi-link metal chain
A system and method for ballistically cutting a multi-link metal chain comprises a chain alignment module that comprises three pins and attaches to the barrel of a firearm. A first pin and a second pin of the module fit on opposite sides of a target link of the chain. A third pin of the alignment module goes through a link adjacent to the target link of the chain. The three pins align the target link so that a bullet exiting the barrel of a firearm impacts a semicircular region of the target link to cause the target link to open.
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This disclosure relates to systems, methods, and devices that allow the ballistics of a projectile to cut a chain composed of multiple interconnected metal links.
There are situations in which one might be carrying a firearm and need to cut a metal chain. For example, the military or police might need to enter a facility that has been secured with a chain and lock. In these cases, it is advantageous if one can cut the chain without needing to bring along bolt cutters. Bolt cutters can be heavy and bulky, especially if a long lever arm is needed to cut a chain having links with a large cross sectional area.
A projectile, such as a bullet exiting the barrel of a firearm, has both kinetic energy (½ the mass multiplied by the square of velocity) and momentum (mass multiplied by velocity). This kinetic energy and/or momentum could be used to melt and deform a link in a metal chain. To cut the largest possible chain with the smallest possible projectile, both the location of impact on a link in the chain and the angle of incidence at this location must be controlled accurately and consistently. This is especially the case if the chain has links with a larger cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of the projectile being used to cut the chain. The system and method used to ballistically cut the chain should also be as small and light as possible, as well as being adaptable to attachment to as many different types of devices as possible. The system and method should interfere as little as possible with normal usage of the device, such as a firearm, prior to or after the use of the device to cut the chain.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIn one embodiment, this disclosure presents a system and method for cutting a metal chain using a chain holder that is attachable to a firearm. The chain holder ensures that the stadium-shaped (or oval-shaped) target link of the metal chain is held in a specific location and orientation relative to the path of a bullet exiting the barrel of the firearm. The impact of the bullet can melt or soften a portion of the target link. The momentum of the bullet can cause the target link to open up, allowing the rest of the chain to fall away from the link that has been opened. The entire system or method can be used to cut a chain with a single bullet, even when the target link has a cross-sectional area larger than the cross-sectional area of the bullet. For example, an oval-shaped link made from 0.375 inch round cross section steel can be cut using a 0.223-inch diameter bullet from an AR15 rifle.
The present disclosure is described in conjunction with the appended figures in which:
It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale. In certain instances, details that are not necessary for an understanding of the invention or that render other details difficult to perceive may have been omitted. It should be understood that the invention is not necessarily limited to the particular embodiments illustrated herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONThe ensuing description provides preferred exemplary embodiment(s) only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the preferred exemplary embodiment(s) will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing a preferred exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes could be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope as set forth in the appended claims.
Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, shapes and geometries may be shown generically and details may be left out in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail.
Embodiments of the present invention are based on using the kinetic energy and/or the momentum of a projectile to sever and open a space in a target link of a metal chain. The kinetic energy of a projectile is given as ½ mv2 where m is the mass and v is the velocity. The momentum of the projectile is given as my mv (mass times velocity). Both kinetic energy and momentum can be useful in severing and opening the space in the target link of a chain if the projectile can be accurately aimed at the right part of the target link. In an inelastic collision, some or all of the energy of a projectile is converted to heat, which can be used to soften, melt, or vaporize the material in a portion of the target link. The momentum can be used to open the softened part of the target link. Embodiments of the present invention can use kinetic energy and/or momentum from a projectile to open a gap in a target link of a chain so that the chain can be taken apart. Embodiments of the present invention can align and/or hold the target link in the chain accurately and securely enough to allow the kinetic energy and/or momentum of a projectile to do the job.
The firearm 101 of
Using the dimensions above, the density of steel (8 grams per cubic centimeter), and the energy required to melt steel (about 30 Joules/gram), one can determine if a bullet has the kinetic energy to melt enough steel in the link to cut the chain. Extensive testing showed that about 10% of the ballistic energy from an optimally aimed bullet is available for melting the steel. The remaining energy melts the bullet and is lost in other ways. Thus, one needs about 10× the calculated energy. Below is a summary of the ballistic energy needed to cut typical chains assuming that a volume of the chain equivalent to the cross sectional area of the link multiplied by the thickness of the link must be melted to create a gap in the target link.
Using the above information and the ballistic energy that was calculated for various gages and types of bullets, the following table shows which firearms can cut what sizes of chains if the bullet is accurately aimed at an optimal location on a target link of the chain. Note that it is desirable to cut the chain even when the energy available has been labeled as “Marginal”, by ensuring that the bullets are aimed accurately and consistently at the optimal location and in the optimal orientation to the target link.
Having described the physics involved in ballistic heating and deformation of the link of a chain, the next step is to identify the optimal location and direction of impact for a bullet onto a stadium-shaped link of a chain. First it should be noted that the bullet should be fired in a direction that is coplanar with the central stadium plane of the target link so that the bullet hits the target link at the center of the circular cross-section of the stadium-shaped ring. Having defined one of the dimensions,
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- a. Between perpendicular and 45 degrees outboard of perpendicular;
- b. Between perpendicular and 30 degrees outboard of perpendicular;
- c. Between 5 degrees outboard of perpendicular and 45 degrees outboard of perpendicular;
- d. Between 5 degrees outboard of perpendicular and 30 degrees outboard of perpendicular;
- e. Between 10 degrees outboard of perpendicular and 45 degrees outboard of perpendicular; and
- f. Between 10 degrees outboard of perpendicular and 45 degrees outboard of perpendicular.
With reference to the previous figures that show the chain holder 102, another benefit of the chain holder design should be pointed out. The firearm can be used as a normal firearm with the chain holder 102 attached at all times. The chain holder provides no obstruction to any projectiles that might be fired.
A number of variations and modifications of the disclosed embodiments can also be used. The principles described here can also be used for in applications other than chain cutting. While the principles of the disclosure have been described above in connection with specific apparatuses and methods, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as limitation on the scope of the disclosure.
Claims
1. A system for ballistically opening a target link of a multi-link metal chain, the system comprising:
- a firearm attachment feature wherein: the firearm attachment feature detachably attaches to a firearm to align the system with the path of a bullet exiting a barrel of the firearm along a barrel axis defined by the center of the barrel; and
- a chain alignment module comprising: a first target link pin configured to sit on one side of the target link; a second target link pin configured to sit on the other side of the target link; a first adjacent link engagement feature located on a side of the first target link pin facing nearest the barrel axis and a second adjacent link engagement feature located on a side of the second target link pin facing nearest the barrel axis wherein: the first adjacent link engagement feature comprises a first adjacent link engagement flat region; the second adjacent link engagement feature comprises a second adjacent link engagement flat region; the first flat region is coplanar with the second flat region; and the first flat region and the second flat region are configured for engaging with an adjacent link wherein the adjacent link is a link on the multi-link metal chain located adjacent to the target link and rotated 90 degrees from the target link; a slot between the first target link pin and the second target link pin wherein: the slot comprises a first target link sidewall located on a side of the first target link pin and a second target link sidewall located on a side of the second target link pin; the first sidewall comprises a first flat surface; the second sidewall comprises a second flat surface; the first flat surface is parallel to the second flat surface; the midplane defined by the a plane midway between the first flat surface and the second flat surface is coplanar with a barrel axis defined by the center of the barrel the barrel axis; and the slot is configured for placement of the target link between the first flat surface and the second flat surface; and an adjacent link pin configured to go through a central open region of the adjacent link, wherein: the adjacent link pin comprises a target link engagement surface located on a side of the adjacent link pin facing an end of the barrel nearest the barrel axis, wherein the target link engagement surface is configured as a stop for a semicircular end of the target link; the adjacent link pin further comprises a first adjacent link pin side and a second adjacent link pin side; the first adjacent link pin side and the second adjacent link pin side are on opposite sides of the adjacent link pin; the first adjacent link pin side is parallel to the second adjacent link pin side; the first adjacent link pin side and the second adjacent link pin side are parallel to the first flat surface and the second flat surface; and the first adjacent link pin side and the second adjacent link pin side are configured for passing through the central open region;
- whereby the first target link pin, the second target link pin, and the adjacent link pin are shaped and positioned relative to the firearm attachment feature so the path of the bullet impacts a central plane of the semicircular end of the target link.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein:
- the system is configured to attach to a barrel of a firearm that uses a 0.223-inch diameter bullet; and
- the system further comprises the multi-link chain, wherein: the target link and the adjacent link comprise a maximum cross-sectional diameter of 0.375 inches; and the target link and the adjacent link comprise a minimum cross-sectional diameter of 0.188 inches.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the system attaches to a silencer that attaches to the barrel of the firearm.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the system attaches directly to the barrel of the firearm and the firearm attachment feature comprises a threaded connection.
5. A system for ballistically cutting a multi-link metal chain, the system comprising:
- a firearm attachment feature wherein: the firearm attachment feature detachably attaches to the barrel of a firearm to align the system with the path of a bullet exiting the firearm; and
- a chain alignment module comprising a first pin, a second pin, and a third pin, wherein: the a gap between the first pin and the second pin facilitates alignment of a target link of the metal chain, wherein: the gap comprises is at least partially defined by a first surface located on the first pin and a second surface located on the second pin; and the a mid-plane of between the first surface and the second surface is coplanar with the path of the bullet; the third pin fits through the center of a link adjacent to the target link; the third pin comprises a target link engagement surface for positioning a semicircular region of the target link with the path of the bullet; the first pin comprises a first feature for engaging the link adjacent to the target link; the second pin comprises a second feature for engaging the link adjacent to the target link; and the first feature and the second feature are parallel.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein:
- the system is configured to attach to a barrel of a firearm that uses a 0.223-inch diameter bullet; and
- the system further comprises the multi-link chain, wherein: the target link and the adjacent link comprise a maximum cross-sectional diameter of 0.375 inches; and the target link and the adjacent link comprise a minimum cross-sectional diameter of 0.188 inches.
7. The system of claim 5 wherein the system attaches to a silencer that attaches to the barrel of the firearm.
8. The system of claim 5 wherein the system attaches directly to the barrel of the firearm and the firearm attachment feature comprises a threaded connection.
9. The system of claim 5 wherein the chain alignment module is configured to fit the target link of a chain that has a cross sectional diameter greater than or equal to a value selected from the group of 0.187 inches, 0.250 inches, and 0.375 inches.
10. The system of claim 5 wherein the chain alignment module is configured to fit the target link of a chain that has a cross sectional diameter less than or equal to a value selected from the group of 0.187 inches, 0.250 inches, and 0.375 inches.
11. The system of claim 5 wherein the chain alignment module is configured to align and fit all multi-link chains that have a stadium-shaped target link further comprising: a stadium-shaped adjacent link connected to the target link and rotated 90 degrees from the target link comprising:
- a circular cross section with a diameter in the range of 0.187 inches to 0.375 inches;
- an inside length ranging from 0.95 inches to 1.23 inches; and
- an inside width ranging from 0.4 inches to 0.62 inches; and
- a circular cross sectional with a diameter in the range of 0.187 and 0.375 inches;
- an inside length ranging from 0.95 inches to 1.23 inches; and
- an inside width ranging from 0.4 inches to 0.62 inches.
12. The system of claim 5 wherein the firearm uses a 0.223-inch bullet.
13. The system of claim 5 wherein:
- the firearm uses a 0.308-inch bullet; and
- the system further comprises the multi-link chain, wherein: the target link and the adjacent link comprise a maximum cross-sectional diameter of 0.5 inches; and the target link and the adjacent link comprise a minimum cross-sectional diameter of 0.25 inches.
14. The system of claim 5 wherein the path of the bullet impacts the target link in the semicircular region of the target link at an angle of incidence that further causes an opening of the target link to be large enough that the adjacent link can be detached from the target link.
15. The system of claim 5 wherein:
- the first pin, the second pin, and the third pin are in a triangular configuration;
- the first feature comprises a first flat region;
- the second feature comprises a second flat region;
- the first region is coplanar with the second region;
- the first surface is parallel to the second surface;
- the third pin comprises a first adjacent link pin side and a second adjacent link pin side;
- the first adjacent link pin side is parallel to the second adjacent link pin side; and
- the first adjacent link pin side and the second adjacent link pin side are parallel to the first surface and the second surface.
16. The system of claim 5 wherein the first pin, the second pin, and the third pin are shaped and positioned relative to the firearm attachment feature so the path of the bullet impacts the target link in the semicircular region of the target link at an angle of incidence that is outboard from perpendicular at the point of impact.
17. The system of claim 5 wherein:
- the first pin, the second pin, and the third pin have angled surfaces; and
- the target link engagement surface is a flat angled surface located on the side of the third pin facing the path of the bullet.
18. A method for ballistic cutting of a multi-link metal chain, the method comprising the steps of:
- establishing a fixture comprising three rigid pins;
- aligning the fixture with the path of a bullet exiting a firearm proximate to the point where the bullet exits the barrel of the firearm;
- placing a target link of the multi-link metal chain between a first pin and a second pin two of the three rigid pins;
- placing a second link over a third pin the third of the three rigid pins, wherein the second link comprises a link is adjacent to the target link; and
- wherein placing the target link and placing the second link further comprise placing the target link in a location so that the path of the bullet impacts the target link in a semicircular region of the target link at an angle of incidence that causes the target link to open.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein:
- the method is used to cut a steel multi-link metal chain; and
- the chain comprises a plurality of stadium-shaped interconnected steel links that are oriented at 90 degree angles from each other.
20. The method of claim 18 wherein the method further comprises the step of removing the target link from the second link.
21. The system of claim 1 wherein the firearm attachment feature detachably attaches to the firearm.
22. The system of claim 1 wherein the firearm attachment feature permanently attaches to the firearm.
23. The system of claim 5 wherein the firearm attachment feature detachably attaches to the firearm.
24. The system of claim 5 wherein the firearm attachment feature permanently attaches to the firearm.
25. A chain holder for ballistically opening a target link of a multi-link chain, said chain holder being attachable to a firearm having a barrel and comprising: wherein the target link has a semicircular end with a central plane in the barrel axis when the chain holder is attached to the firearm and the target link is inserted into the slot.
- a first target link pin having a first side with a first flat region for engaging a link connected to the target link and a second side with a first flat surface at least partially defining a slot;
- a second target link pin having a first side with a second flat region for engaging a link connected to the target link and a second side with a second flat surface at least partially defining the slot, said second flat region being coplanar with the first flat region, and said second flat surface being parallel with the first flat surface;
- a midplane halfway between the first flat surface and the second flat surface, said midplane being coplanar with a barrel axis defined by the center of the barrel when the chain holder is attached to the firearm;
- an adjacent link pin with a target link engagement surface facing the barrel axis when the chain holder is attached to the firearm, a first adjacent link pin side and a second adjacent link pin side opposite the first adjacent link pin side, said first adjacent link pin side and a said second adjacent link pin side being parallel to the midplane; and
26. A chain holder for ballistically opening a target link of a multi-link chain, said chain holder being attachable to a firearm having a barrel and comprising: wherein the first pin comprises a first feature for engaging the link adjacent to the target link, the second pin comprises a second feature for engaging the link adjacent to the target link, and the first feature and the second feature are coplanar.
- a first side attachable to a firearm;
- a second side opposite the first side;
- an aperture extending between the first side and the second side, said aperture being axially aligned with a barrel axis defined by the center of the barrel when the chain holder is attached to the firearm;
- a first pin extending from the second side, said first pin having a first sidewall with a first flat surface;
- a second pin extending from the second side, said second pin having a second sidewall with a second flat surface substantially parallel to the first flat surface;
- a gap between the first pin and the second pin, said gap being configured to receive the target link and having a midplane parallel to the first and second flat surfaces, said midplane being coplanar with the barrel axis when the chain holder is attached to the firearm;
- a third pin extending from the second side, said third pin having a target link engagement surface facing the barrel axis when the chain holder is attached to the firearm, and said third pin being configured to at least partially fit through a central open region of a link adjacent to the target link; and
27. The chain holder claim 26 wherein the first side detachably attaches to the firearm.
28. The chain holder of claim 26 wherein the first side permanently attaches to the firearm.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Jun 20, 2018
Date of Patent: Feb 11, 2020
Assignee: Breaching Technologies, Inc. (San Antonio, TX)
Inventors: Darron Phillips (San Antonio, TX), Mark Ferris (San Antonio, TX), Bert Vermeulen (Cheyenne, WY)
Primary Examiner: Jeffrey R Jastrzab
Application Number: 16/013,458
International Classification: F41C 27/20 (20060101); F41C 27/16 (20060101); B25D 9/11 (20060101);