Abstract: Microencapsulated spheroids containing a coded, volatile electron absorbing substance are dispersed into a material to be regulated such as crude oil in a tanker. Samples of the material such as an oil spill are collected and the source of the material is determined by electron capture gas chromatographic detection of the electron absorbing substance.

Abstract: For determining or indicating the oil content of small amounts of oil in water a defined amount of water is removed so that the oil is concentrated in the water, and thereafter the oil content in the concentrated oil-water mixture is measured. So as to concentrate the oil, the oily water can pass a filter material, the color change or dielectric constant of which is measured. As an alternative, the oily water is concentrated in a rotating cyclone or centrifuge so that substantially all oil is accumulated in the center together with a smaller portion of the original water volume. The clarity of the water is then determined and considered as a measure of the oil content.

Abstract: An integrated closed ultrasonic scanner having a sealed housing provided with an acoustically conductive liquid disposed therein. Means are provided within the housing to receive acoustical waves and convert the same to electrical signals. Non-contacting commutation means may be provided. These signals may be electrical signals which are converted to convenient data display format, such as a video output, may be in the form of a direct visual output as by light emitting diode arrays or other suitable means. The integrated scanner is adapted to be relatively lightweight such that a user may readily operate the instrument while holding it within one hand.In one embodiment an endless belt is provided within the housing and adapted for orbital movement therewithin. Piezoelectric transducers are secured to the exterior of the endless belt and drive means disposed within the housing are provided for establishing the desired orbital movement.

Abstract: Trains of echo signals occurring from repetitively transmitted ultrasonic pulses are stored in a shift register in accordance with their times of occurrence, and the stages of the shift register are connected to illuminate respective light-emitting diodes arranged in a linear array, providing a display indicating the depths of density changes in animal matter or the like being inspected.

Abstract: A housing adjacent the anvil of a penetrometer has a pair of parallel upright guides on one of which is slideable a first counterweight and on the other of which slides a second counterweight and a slide underneath this second counterweight. The first counterweight weighs more than the slide but less than the slide and second counterweight together. A chain passes over a sprocket at the top of the housing and has one end secured to the first counterweight and another end to the slide. An abutment on the second counterweight engages over a follower on the anvil so that as the anvil goes up and down the second counterweight follows it. During normal descent of the anvil and second counterweight a ratchet engaging the wheel prevents return rotation of this wheel, but once the second counterweight is all the way at the bottom of its guide the ratchet is pulled back. Upward movement of this second counterweight from this position through a distance equal to one tube length reactuates the ratchet.

Abstract: A strain indicator of the type wherein a change in length of a strain member produces a change in color of a visual indicator. An indicator area and a light-absorbing indicator fluid are encapsulated in a member that also includes a window. The capsule is fastened to the strain member with an adhesive. A change in length of the strain member causes the indicator area to become separated from the window with the result that light-absorbing indicator fluid is caused to flow between the indicator area and the window.

Abstract: The "bending stiffness" and camber of a ski are combined in a single integrated measurement by clamping the ski at its central portion to another surface and positioning a non-deflecting measuring device between the ski and the surface at a selected location intermediate the ski end and said central portion.

Abstract: Apparatus for and method of determining the brake torque and horsepower of an internal combustion engine without connecting an external load. Means are provided to operate the engine at full throttle and with all but one out of n of successive ignitions inhibited, the value n being selected so that the engine operates with just enough power to equal the frictional load of the engine and maintain an equilibrium speed at the upper end of the engine speed range. The engine is then operated momentarily with full ignition, and then with no ignition, during which a determination is made of the rate at which the engine decelerates through the equilibrium speed. The deceleration rate is multiplied by the known inertia of the engine to determine the friction torque of the engine at the equilibrium speed. The friction torque is multiplied by n - 1 to predict the brake torque of the engine at the equilibrium speed when operated normally with external load. Horsepower is determined by multiplying torque and speed.

Abstract: Electrical signals representing analog values of variables to be measured are sampled and multiplexed onto a common conductor. When the analog values are generated by transducers having a logarithmic characteristic, the signals are linearized by a log amplifier prior to being multiplexed. The ranges of the analog signals are made similar to facilitate use of a common display. A single analog-to-digital converter generates digital outputs representing the amplitudes of the respective analog samples and the digital outputs control display logic for operating the common display. A sequence timer controls operation of the multiplexer, analog-to-digital converter, display logic, and the display itself. Facility for manual override to display selectively any of the variables is provided, as well as an alarm indicator for generating an audible or visual alarm signal in the event any variable exceeds (or drops below) a predetermined reference level.

Abstract: A tire wear measuring arrangement incorporates a measuring device adapted to be brought to the tire tread under test. The measuring device and an optical view-finder are so mounted on a swivel carrier that the measuring axis is arranged parallel to the optical axis and both axes are spaced equidistantly from the axis of rotation of the carrier.

Abstract: A compact, inexpensive, efficient smoke generator employing a novel method of smoke production for use in wind tunnel testing and the like.

Abstract: An annulus pressure operated oil well testing and sampling apparatus utilizes hydrostatic pressue to supplement spring means which biases against valve means to hold the valve means closed until application of sufficient hydraulic pressure to the annular fluid opens the tool to the formation and allows testing operations to be performed. A subsequent intentional or inadvertent release or sudden extreme increase of applied pressure on the annular fluid actuates means to close the valve means against further formation fluid flow.

Abstract: A system for measuring momentum flux in a turbulently flowing fluid including a sensing apparatus for dynamically sensing the mainstream and the cross velocity components of the fluid, a transducer operative to provide two electrical output signals representative of the velocity components in the mainstream and in the cross direction, and signal processors to derive the Reynolds stress wave and the Reynolds stress.

Abstract: The variometer includes a measuring chamber communicating with the atmosphere through a first passageway and an elastically deformable measuring box, positioned within the measuring chamber, communicating with the atmosphere through a second passageway. One of the passageways, preferably the second passageway, is provided with a system of orifice inserts serving to delay pressure equalization between the measuring chamber and the measuring box. The system of orifice inserts includes at least two orifice inserts with successive orifice inserts being separated from each other by an intermediate space. The orifice inserts are threaded into the internally threaded bore of a hollow screw, and preferably three orifice inserts are provided so as to define two intermediate spaces. At least one of the orifice inserts is displaceable axially of the hollow screw, and preferably two orifice inserts are so displaceable.

Abstract: Ultrasonic system for measuring fluid flow by comparing the responses from pulsed beams transmitted obliquely in opposite directions through fluid flowing in a pipe section. The transducer assembly includes a driving element comprising a piezoelectric generator in the form of a disk with a high mass backing element bonded to one face and an acoustic wave transformer bonded to the other face. The wave transformer element varies in cross-section in an axial direction, comprising disks of maximum dimension at the generator face and at the radiating face, which are separated by a connecting portion of minimum dimension. In preferred form, the wave transformer is shaped like a barbell. An advantage of this configuration is that the beam pattern is a function of frequency, having a dominant central lobe at about 45 kilocycles per second which becomes relatively depressed with respect to increasing side lobes as the frequency is increased.

Abstract: An ultrasonic device for determining the air flow rate in a conduit, comprising a duct, which may form part of the conduit or may be connectable thereto, at each end of which is a respective enlarged cylindrical chamber communicating axially with the duct and housing a respective piezoelectric transducer. In use of the device the piezoelectric transducers both transmit ultrasonic signals towards each other along the duct and the air speed in the duct is determined by the difference in transit times of the ultrasonic signals in the two directions. The air flow through the chambers is largely radial and the piezoelectric transducers are located axially at positions where the air speed is very low to minimize disturbances thereto.

Abstract: A fluid flow meter of the variable area flow passage type is provided wherein the variation in said flow passage area is effected by the displacement of a control boundary which is supported by an annular diaphragm element. Said control boundary is shaped and sized so that the overall displacement required for the flow rate range desired is within the stroke capacity delivered by the free flexing action of said diaphragm element, thereby achieving substantially constant differential pressure operation at a very reasonable value which is due almost entirely to gravity. The resulting unit is very compact and stable and is characterized by very smooth linear response between vertical displacement and fluid flow rate. Said vertical displacement can be measured by various means but is preferably transduced to an equally linear, smooth and steady electrical signal by a direct connection with a specially adapted differential transformer.

Abstract: Measuring apparatus for determination of the level of a boundary layer between oil and water in a tank, comprising electrical sensing units distributed vertically in the tank and adapted to be responsive to the liquid and to deliver measuring signals to electrical measuring circuits with associated display devices for indicating and possibly recording the level. The sensing unit comprises thermo-couples each having a measuring junction part mounted in good thermal contact with a body of a material having good heat conducting properties, which body is adapted to be in good thermal contact with the surrounding liquid, and an electrical heating resistor being also in good thermal contact with the body and adapted to be supplied with a suitable electrical current.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetically actuated fluid-level indicator for indicating the level of a fluid contained in a vessel having a gauge tube attached thereto and having a magnet-containing float floating in the gauge tube, the indicator comprising a plurality of interlocking elements united with one another, wherein each element comprises a support body and a magnetically actuated indicator means supported thereon.

Abstract: A method of measuring internal temperatures of canned foods under actual operating conditions by placing recyclable thermal simulators in each batch of canned foods during the actual processing. A recyclable thermal simulator device having the same thermal characteristics as the particular canned food being simulated. A method for manufacturing recyclable thermal simulators by equipping a container substantially identical to those simulated with a suitable temperature indicator, filling the container with a porous, open-celled, sponge-like matrix material, uniformly distributing a liquid of a pre-determined specific gravity throughout the matrix material by means of a partial vacuum usually identical to that drawn on the canned food simulated and sealing the container.

Abstract: A temperature-measuring instrument, operating under the principle of noise-signal generation resulting from temperature which comprises a thin metal strand having a thickness of 5 to 50 .mu. in a plurality of turns within an insulating body to increase the effective length of the strand.

Abstract: A bridge circuit for measuring the D.C. resistance of a resistive element having an induced A.C. current comprises impedance legs whereby the A.C. component can be balanced out. The invention has particular application to the measurement of high-voltage cable conductor temperatures.

Abstract: An apparatus to generate a wave-like pattern of forces on a surface effect ship utilizes a flexible membrane which undulates in a water wave-like manner, the crests of the waves transferring forces to the surface effect ship. The membrane is undulated in its sine wave configuration by means of a series of linkages, one link of which is pinned to the underside of the membrane. That link is reciprocally actuated and the combined movements of the various linkages cause the membrane to undulate as would water waves. The main drive motor drives a primary shaft to which are connected a series of gear boxes which in turn drive secondary drive shafts. By controlling or varying the speed of the primary drive motor, the frequency of the generated waves may be varied. At each linkage station there is a crank and the connecting rod is adjustably connected to the crank. The amplitude of the waves can be varied as desired by adjustably positioning the connecting rod along the crank.

Abstract: A densimeter utilizes a low mass, neutral buoyancy float in association with a precision transducer which sense the deviation of the float position from a fixed neutral point corresponding to a predetermined fluid density within a range of fluid densities to be measured. The sensor output is accumulated and digitally added to a number corresponding to the predetermined density to thereby form an accurate representation of the fluid density.

Abstract: A device is disclosed by which two paired controls in an aircraft flight control system, such as pitch controls, or the roll controls, which are ordinarily operated in coordination by the pilot by use of a single operating control may, when the control on one side of the airplane is damaged and jammed, accomplish a disconnect of that side, and so free the opposite side control for operation. The aircraft can often be flown with just the one side control in commission, if freed from the opposite side. The device is in the nature of a bell crank, and the disconnect means is in the hub thereof.Also disclosed is a novel bi-directional sensor incorporated in the input arm of the bell crank, and which gives an indication to the pilot when the linkage to the corresponding control surface, or the control surface, is damaged and jammed. This sensor has application other than in aircraft control systems.

Abstract: Improvements in instrumentation suitable for measuring aircraft noise and sonic booms. A converter produces an electric current proportional to the sound pressure level at a condenser microphone. The electric current is transmitted over a cable and amplified by a zero drive amplifier. The converter consists of a local oscillator, a dual-gate field-effect transistor (FET) mixer and a voltage regulator/impedance translator. The local oscillator generates a carrier voltage that is applied to one of the gates of the FET mixer. The FET mixer mixes the microphone signal with the carrier to produce an electrical current at the frequency of vibration of the microphone diaphragm. The voltage regulator/impedance translator regulates the voltage of the local oscillator and mixer stages, eliminates the carrier at the output and provides a low output impedance at the cable terminals.

Abstract: The assembly has a tuning control shaft which is adjustable over a range of positions to conform to a range of tuner designs. An adjustable guide bracket for the manual tuning pinion gear allows the pinion gear to be positioned along a radius of the crown gear, allowing use of radially wider gear teeth on the crown gear. The clutch-declutch assembly is unaffected by movement of the pinion guide bracket and the entire tuner control and drive gear assembly is preassembled and preadjusted, then positioned with one locking nut.

Abstract: There is disclosed a fixing device for a speed meter driven gear which comprises a sleeve attached to a transmission casing or an extension housing thereof in an automobile, a rotary shaft rotatably disposed within the sleeve, and a speed meter driven gear fixedly mounted on part of the rotary shaft in a manner to be maintained in meshing relation to a speed meter drive gear of an output shaft. A resilient clip is secured to the aforesaid rotary shaft and sleeve, so as to restrain the axial directional movement of the rotary shaft within the sleeve.A slit is provided in the aforesaid sleeve, and an annular groove is provided in the aforesaid rotary shaft in a manner to correspond with the slit, so that a locking portion of the aforesaid resilient clip may be locked in the slit and annular groove, and a retaining portion thereof is resiliently retained by the aforesaid sleeve.

Abstract: A power transmission includes a chambered housing having a horizontal axis with a rotatable crankshaft disposed therethrough and outwardly of the housing independently mounted upon a suitable support. A pair of diametrically opposed radial rods on said crankshaft pivotally mount a pair of pistons which on rotation of the crankshaft are yieldably biased outwardly. Cam rollers on said pistons bear against cam bore within said housing. Said bore includes a circular portion of maximum radius throughout 180.degree. approximately, merging into a cam surface gradually reduced to minimum dimension which merges into a circular pivotally adjustable segment portion of minimum radius throughout less than 90.degree.. The irregular cam bore provides for one piston traversing the maximum radius of said cam bore an increased leverage with respect to the other piston simultaneously traversing the cam portions and reduced radius portions of said bore.

Abstract: The invention relates to a driving mechanism for a reciprocating engine, comprising a casing, a drive shaft which is rotatably mounted in said casing and a transmission means for power transmission from at least one reciprocating piston to said drive shaft.

Abstract: A friction roller for rotating twist tubes in twisting apparatus in which the friction ring is protected from contact with ambient oil by means of a protective coating and a slinger edge disposed on at least one side of the friction ring. The protective layer may be a protective ring which may be integral with the roller or it may be a protective layer of lacquer applied to the friction ring. The layer protects the friction ring from the spinning oil and the slinger edge acts to fling off by centrifugal force that oil which collects around the periphery of the friction roller so that the running surface of the friction ring remains unaffected.In one embodiment the slinger edge projects radially beyond the running surface of the friction ring and there is a peripheral groove on the associated twist tube which cooperates with the slinger edge in the manner of a labyrinth seal, which increases the protection against adverse influences from the spinning oil.

Abstract: This device consists primarily of a shaft mounted between the front and rear sprockets of a motorcycle, the shaft having a pair of spaced apart sprockets of dissimilar size secured thereto so as to provide through a pair of chains, greater torque on the drive wheel of the motorcycle.

Abstract: A rotary member such as a wheel, clutch disc, V-pulley and the like which can be formed from a sheet metal stamping. Method and apparatus are disclosed for forming an integral hub having a wall thickness greater than the sheet stock from which it is made. Method and apparatus are disclosed for forming a V-pulley from a sheet metal blank by plastically flowing and spin forming the blank to provide an increase in the thickness of the groove walls.

Abstract: In a vehicle or the like, a source of power is connected to a drive shaft. Two pairs of pulley halves are splined to this shaft and can be moved apart and together and are rotated by the shaft. Driven shafts also carry pairs of pulley halves which are splined thereto and can be moved therealong and belts extend between corresponding pulley halves on the drive shaft and corresponding pulley halves on the driven shafts. A pair of spur gears are journalled for partial rotation and mesh with one another, there being one pair for each two sets of pulley halves and a third drive gear engages between the innermost gears of said spur gears so that movement of this drive gear causes equal and simultaneous rotation of the spur gears. Levers are secured to the spur gears and are operatively connected to the pulley halves so that when the drive gear is rotated, one of the sets of pulley halves are moved apart on one of the shafts whereas the other set are moved together by equal amount and vice versa.

Abstract: An endless positive drive belt is described having a tensile-loaded castable elastomeric body supporting circumferentially spaced cogs or teeth. The alternating land and teeth portions of the belt carry a layer of wear-resistant fabric, the outer surface of which is free of elastomer due to the preferred presence of a bonded layer of elastomer impervious material during the casting operation. A method for producing the belt using the elastomer impervious material is described.

Abstract: An endless power transmission belt of trapezoidal cross section and made primarily of elastomeric material is provided and has a corrosion resistant cover made solely of elastomeric material. The cover when viewed in cross-section is defined by a U-shaped portion having a bight and a pair of legs extending from opposite ends of the bight with the legs terminating in outer ends and a strip disposed between the outer ends. The U-shaped portion and strip are defined as a unitary elastomeric mass which serves to isolate and shield the entire belt.

Abstract: In a protective device to be incorporated in a bicycle rear derailleur for preventing a drive chain from being unexpectedly disengaged with the smallest sprocket wheel, the device has an internally threaded cylindrical portion and a substantially flat flange portion extending integrally from one end of said cylindrical portion, said cylindrical portion being screwable, in place of a lock nut, onto a standard mounting bolt which is employed in the known rear derailleurs for connecting a shifter body to a hook-shaped bracket; said flange portion being designed so that it extends, when incorporated with the rear derailleur, in parallel and slightly spaced with the opposite surface of the smallest sprocket wheel of a multi-stage freel wheel assembly; and by means of the smooth outer surface of said flange portion a desired chain fall prevention is attained.

Abstract: Compact damper apparatus for controlling the opposite runs of an endless driving chain passing about a sprocket wheel comprises a pair of oppositely movable spring influenced plungers working in hydraulic fluid filled cylinder bores intercommunicating through a restricted passage. To compact the apparatus, and yet allow it to be mounted with the plungers in an inclined position, the springs are housed in part within the plungers and a single air bleed hole is provided at the highest level inside the hollow interior spring housing part of the uppermost plunger, opening into the plunger/cylinder bore clearance. The proper positioning of this hole allows trapped air which otherwise adversely affects the damping characteristics, to be forced out along the clearance when the apparatus is initially operated, and yet prevents any air being sucked back into the system.

Abstract: An output shaft is rotatably journalled in a housing, as is a motor, and motion is transmitted from the motor to the output shaft via a variable gear transmission which has at least two selectable gear ratios.

Abstract: A portable chain saw includes a flexible brake band for stopping the cutter chain. A sensing arm is engageable by an arm or hand of an operator to be swung forwardly to tighten the brake band. The sensing arm is continuously biased forwardly to a braking position by a power torsion spring. The same torsion spring also serves to normally hold the sensing arm in a rest position. A latch can be utilized to transmit latching forces from the torsion spring to the sensing arm. Alternatively, the torsion spring itself can serve as a latch to resist forward movement of the sensing arm. The torsion spring is yieldable to enable the sensing arm to be unlatched in response to being struck by the arm or hand of an operator and then swung forwardly by the torsion spring.

Abstract: A flexible, cantilevered, gear wheel support, comprising a flexible spindle united at one end with a carrier and at the other end with a gear wheel support sleeve by means of welds effected by electron beam welding.

Abstract: A driving element such as a worm is mounted within the bore of a cage consisting of two cylindrical end bodies associated in coaxial relation and rotatable within housings formed in the gear-box. The axes of the bore and of the end bodies are relatively displaced so that the driving element is engaged with the driven element such as a wormwheel in one angular position of the cage but disengaged in an angular position which is displaced by 180.degree. with respect to the first, means being provided for locking the cage in each position.

Abstract: A mount suspension system comprising a housing, a flexible planar diaphragm and a flexible strut is arranged to respond to a force to provide substantially frictionless angular steering for the mount about desired axes in the plane of the diaphragm while restraining substantially all other angular mount displacements as well as restraining substantially all linear displacement.

Abstract: A motion transmitting remote control assembly including a hanger body having a slideway extending therethrough in which a rod is slidably disposed with the rod attached to a flexible wire element which is, in turn, movably supported in a flexible conduit attached to the hanger body. The improvement resides in providing membranes formed integrally with the hanger body on opposite sides of the slideway with projecting portions extending into the slideway to bear against the rod so that the rod is held against movement between the membranes until a predetermined force is applied to the rod. The membranes are formed by bores extending into the hanger body parallel to the slideway so that the flexible membranes are formed between the slideway and each bore.

Abstract: A circuit breaker of the oil type having an operating mechanism for providing an improved force operation of the contact lift rod. The mechanism includes a linkage arrangement with a scissor-type toggle to provide a mechanical advantage for increasing the force for closing the contacts. In addition, the improved pull rod mechanism is particularly well adapted for location in relatively small enclosures.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved holder for tape that is wound about a tubular bar e.g., handle bar as for example, on a bicycle where the tape is fastened at the end of the handle bar. The holder comprises an expandable hub which can be inserted into the handlebar for expansion against the wall of the handle bar, the hub having a tapered aperture therein and a cylindrical core having a diameter slightly smaller than the tapered aperture at its largest opening and a larger diameter at its narrowest dimension for easy insertion into the hub. The core has a groove extending circumferentially about the exterior for defining a lip which can engage the end of the hub for providing a tight seal.

Abstract: This invention relates to an approved grip which is placed over a tubular handle bar such as for example on a bicycle handle bar. The grip comprises a tubular grip section having an outer shell and an inner expandable hub communicating with an end of the grip section. There is a space between the outer shell and inner hub so that the handle bar can be inserted into the grip section and between the outer shell and inner hub. The hub has an aperture tapering from its largest dimension at the end of the grip section communicating with said hub to its narrowest dimension at its other end. A cylindrical core having a diameter slightly smaller than the tapered aperture at its largest dimension and a larger diameter at its narrowest dimension has a groove extending circumferentially about the exterior for defining a lip section. When the core is inserted into the aperture, the hub is expanded and the lip section can engage the end of the hub and provide a tight seal.

Abstract: A rotary energy storage device or flywheel structure is provided with a rim portion comprised of multiple rings or windings of filamentary material having high tensile strength and which are bonded or otherwise held together at a predetermined number of localized areas, such as at opposite ends of one or more radial spokes so that major portions of the individUal rings or windings may expand with minimum constraints during rotation of the flywheel structure.

Abstract: A multi-shaft gas turbine has an inner shaft rotatably supported at opposite ends thereof with one end adapted to be connected to a load and the other end to a turbine wheel with a tubular section that receives a balance tube removably mounted within the shaft and accessible from the aft end of the engine by removal of an inner exhaust cone and a bearing pump cover. The balance tube includes front, rear and intermediate circumferentially arranged splined lands that bear balance weights angularly positioned on the tube prior to insertion thereof into the shaft, each of the weights having a peripheral surface thereon for locating the longitudinal axis of the balance tube colinearly of the longitudinal axis of the inner shaft.

Abstract: This invention provides a combination means for quickly and rigidly securing the foot of an operator to a pedal of a bicycle, or the like. The combination means comprises pedal-gripping means adapted to be secured to the sole of the shoe of an operator, a pedal having a generally prismatic configuration and comprising two polygonal end surfaces and at least three substantially mutually congruent side faces. Each side face having shoe-gripping means formed thereon. One end face of the pedal having means for being, preferably, rotatably connected to a crank. The shoe-gripping means and the pedal-gripping means are mutually lockably interengageable so as not to be disengageable by any normal movement of the foot during pedalling.