Abstract: A teat cup has an outer rigid shell and an inner flexible inflation to receive an animal's teat in a pulsating elastic bore which is stretched by a spring or retaining member positioned between the shell and inflation. The stretched upper portion of the inflation becomes more responsive to the pulsations during milking. The spring member is fitted to the inflation near the upper mouth of the bore so that the member's lower portion bears on the inner surfaces of the shell or the spring member's shape inherently stretches the upper inflation area. Notches or openings and/or apertures are provided in the spring member to allow movement of the member as well as drainage of the teat cup when same is washed and inverted to dry.

Abstract: An animal holder frame for use with mice, rats and other long-tailed animals used in laboratory experimentation includes a horizontally disposed supporting base section on which an animal may stand or crouch. At one side of the base is vertically disposed a rack member formed with aperture means of a size suitable for admitting an animal's tail, perineum and gluteal regions. Peg means horizontally disposed in the rack in a position immediately adjacent to the outer side of the aperture means provides holding means to which the tail of an animal may be taped or otherwise detachably secured.

Abstract: A bottom supported vapor generator including rigid means supporting the drums and generating tube banks, and resilient means supporting the furnace tube walls and headers.

Abstract: A fuel conversion system is provided in which a petroleum fraction is circulated past the outside of the cylinders of an internal combustion engine in contact with a cracking catalyst to thereby crack the fuel as a result of the combined action of the catalyst and the heat imparted to the fuel through the cylinder walls, simultaneously providing oxygen and hydrogen to the fuel, circulating the resulting fuel to the interior of the cylinders where it is burned to drive the cylinders' piston.

Abstract: A rotary piston internal combustion engine with a fission vaporizer, gasifier or carburetor means with sealing strips arranged on a mantle section of the housing, and with piston means of trochoidal construction in which the circumference of the piston means is depending on the number of cycles of the employed working method divided by a plurality of axis-near zones or lobes into arches. The piston means form within the region of each arch which during the compression and expansion cycle forms a portion of the confinement of the pertaining working chamber comprises a change-over conduit which is controlled by means of a control opening in an end face of the piston means.

Abstract: A rotary combustion engine having a rotor with separate ignition-exhaust ports which extend from one rotor flank to the same rotor side and open to a spark plug in the opposite stationary side wall during rotor rotation to provide for ignition of the charge in the connected chamber and after the expansion phase in addition open to an exhaust port in the same side wall to exhaust the products of combustion.

Abstract: A rotary internal combustion engine of the type comprising a power rotor provided with a number of axially extending lands, an abutment rotor intermeshing with said power rotor and provided with a higher number of axially extending grooves than that of the lands of the power rotor, and a casing carrying and sealingly enclosing said intermeshing power rotor and abutment rotor and forming together with the flanks of said rotors moving chambers containing air with different pressures. A carburetor or similar type of fuel injecting means is provided in a channel forming a communication between a first chamber where the air has been partly compressed and a second chamber in which the air is at least substantially uncompressed.

Abstract: A styling apparatus for treating hair with heat includes a tubular heated mandrel around which hair is wound to be heat treated and rows of bristles extending from the mandrel for tensioning the hair while the hair is wound. The bristles are preferably mounted on a removable attachment which is received in a slot extending along the mandrel. A row of teeth may also extend from the attachment so that the hair may be combed prior or subsequent to heat treatment.

Abstract: Control systems in which transition between oxidizing and reducing state of the exhaust gases is sensed, and the input to the engine modified in accordance with sensed exhaust gas composition utilize a sensor which has an output signal having a transition jump, the extent of the jump being highly temperature dependent; in accordance with the invention, a signal is derived representative of change in level of the transition jump, as a function of temperature, and the control circuit responsive to the transition jump, and controlling input to the engine is modified in accordance with the signal repesentative of level change of the transition jump, to compensate for temperature-dependent changes.

Abstract: The invention is related to an internal combustion engine, the combustion chamber of which is divided into two partial chambers or two groups of partial chambers by at least one perforated separation wall to one of these chambers or groups of chambers, hereafter called an ignition chamber, which includes an ignition device, a rich mixture is admitted via an intake valve and to the other of which, hereafter called a second combustion chamber, a lean mixture or air is admitted via another intake valve.

Abstract: An improved engine, particularly of the rotary type, or so-called angle piston type, having conventional components and characterized by a compressor serving as a supercharger interposed between the carburetor and the engine intake ports for compressing the combustible mixture; a bypass manifold for passing compressed combustible mixture to the suction side of the compressor; and a fine throttle means for controlling the proportion of combustible mixture bypassed for fine control and efficient combustion in the engine. The master throttle on the carburetor is employed only for major adjustments in power requirements. Also disclosed are details of critically located and designed intake ports and passageways and discharge ports and passageways to take advantage of centrifugal force of the angle piston type engine to obtain very nearly perfect scavenging, as well as details of employing a center section compressor for compressing the combustible mixture.

Abstract: An internal combustion, reciprocating-piston engine which includes a sealed crankcase for inducting and compressing air or an air-fuel mixture into the engine. The compressed gas is then forced into a holding tank for subsequent induction into the cylinder combustion chamber. This pre-compresses or "supercharges" the fuel mixture before compression by the piston. An enclosed lift tube within the connecting rod is provided for conveying lubricating oil through the crankcase to the cylinder walls.

Abstract: A device in which a contact base of a contact breaker is rotated about a cam shaft for effecting ignition timing adjustments for an internal combustion engine. The device comprises a negative pressure chamber defined between a first diaphragm connected to the contact base and a second diaphragm disposed in spaced juxtaposed relation with and having a larger pressure receiving area than the first diaphragm, the second diaphragm being provided with a spring which precludes diaplacement of the diaphragm till the force exerted on the diaphragm reaches a predetermined value.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine aerator apparatus introduces additional air into the air-fuel mixture downstream of the carburetor in combination with the gases vented from the crankcase by the pcv valve hose.

Abstract: A valve responsive to both venturi vacuum and intake manifold vacuum operates a recirculation valve by means of vacuum amplification.

Abstract: A device for feeding fuel to a diesel engine including a fuel storage tank, a feed pump provided in a conduit between the fuel storage tank and the engine, and an injection pump for atomization. The injection pump is provided with a pressure control valve for reducing the excessive pressure to that of the pressure prevailing in the conduits and with a device for measuring the fuel consumption. Means are provided for substantially equalizing the temperature of the fuel in a return conduit and in the feed conduit, and for holding the fuel under excessive pressure in the feed conduit.

Abstract: An electronic governor, particularly for a diesel engine has a summing amplifier receiving signals representing the output of the pumps supplying fuel to the engine, engine speed, and engine demand. The summing amplifier serves to produce an output for operating the pump in accordance with predetermined engine current characteristics. A second summing amplifier may be used to override the first summing amplifier to limit maximum fuel. Alternatively, the first summing amplifier may compare demanded fuel supply with actual fuel supply, in which case the second amplifier sets the maximum speed.

Abstract: A fuel system for an engine has a pump which supplies fuel to the engine and an actuator for controlling the pump output. The actuator is controlled by a control circuit to which are fed electrical signals representing demanded engine speed, actual engine speed and pump output. The control circuit sets the slope of the pump output versus speed curves of the engine, and speed-sensitive means operates below a predetermined engine speed for modifying this slope to make it shallower and so produce a smaller change in pump output for a given change in speed.

Abstract: A fuel system for an engine, particularly a compression-ignition engine, has a pump supplying fuel to the engine and a control member for determining the output of the pump, the control member being itself controlled by a control circuit receiving parameters one of which is measured by transducer means. The transducer means is designed so that if it fails, the fuel system fails safe. In another arrangement, in which failure of the transducer means results in an output which would increase fuel, then the failure is detected and action is taken.

Abstract: A device for the adjustment of the injection timing of the injection pump of an automotive diesel engine, wherein the injection pump is actuated by the diesel engine via a clutch comprising two coaxially arranged clutch halves relatively rotatably by means of a vane about an angle determined by end stops.

Abstract: A governor for use in a fuel injection pump for controlling the fuel control rod of such a fuel injection pump wherein the fulcrum of the lever connected to the fuel control rod is moved after the fuel control rod follows the movement of the lever only on a part of the accelerating travel when the accelerator lever is abruptly operated, and thus sharp increases in the amount of fuel injection are prevented so as to preclude the exhausting of black smoke from the engine.

Abstract: A liquid fuel pumping apparatus for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine includes a member which is movable against the action of a spring system by means of centrifugally operable weights. The member is coupled to a fuel control rod of the pumping apparatus, and the spring system includes first and second springs. The first spring is preloaded so as to be deflected by the weights only when the speed of the engine attains a predetermined value. The other spring is deflected by the weights at lower engine speeds and also acts to transmit the force exerted by the weights to the first spring.

Abstract: A vaporization promoting apparatus for an internal combustion engine is disclosed, in which at least one electrode is disposed in an intake manifold, and the electrode and the intake manifold are respectively connected to a high voltage generator which is provided for forming an intensive electric field in the interior of the intake manifold, thereby vaporization of a fuel injected into the intake manifold from a nozzle of a carburetor is promoted by the intensive electric field.

Abstract: An ignition system for internal combustion engines, in which a spark is produced across a spark plug gap when a capacitor is discharged through a primary winding of an ignition coil.As a switching means for energizing and deenergizing the primary winding of the ignition coil a transistor is used, and also a time constant circuit for controlling the transistor is provided. At the time of producing a spark by rendering the transistor conductive, electromagnetic energy is stored in the primary winding of the ignition coil. When the transistor is subsequently cut off by the action of the afore-mentioned time constant circuit, a second spark is produced with the electromagnetic energy stored in the primary winding.

Abstract: A contactless ignition system includes a free running oscillator which generates an output timing pulse to a pulse generator and an ignition coil whenever the oscillations of a saturable core transformer and a series resonant circuit which is driven by the feedback voltage induced in the transformer secondary winding cease. In the free running state, the feedback voltage sustains the oscillator operation at a frequency fixed by the resonant circuit. A disk, having a plurality of permanent magnets evenly spaced around its periphery, is affixed to the distributor shaft and disposed within the vicinity of the saturable core of the transformer. As the disk rotates, the magnetic field of each magnet, as it passes the vicinity of the core, momentarily saturates the transformer core. Saturation of the core reduces the feedback voltage below the oscillation sustaining level and, consequently, causes the oscillator to generate an output pulse which is synchronous with the engine speed.

Abstract: An electric safety switch assembly for an internal combustion engine, the engine being provided with an oil pump to supply oil to a oil line for lubricating the engine, and an electric operated starter for the engine, including a manually operatable starter switch or closing an electric circuit to the starter and an electric circuit-breaker in the form of a oil pressure switch positioned between the manually operated switch and the starter which is normally held closed when there is no oil pressure in the oil line. The pressure switch is adapted to open the electric circuit when the engine is rotated sufficiently to cause the oil pump to produce a predetermined pressure in the oil line.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston engine with at least one working space that is radially delimited by a cylinder liner retained in a cylinder block, and with at least one cylinder head which is sealingly clamped to the top side of the cylinder block and which contains liquid-cooled control parts axially delimiting the working space on one side and channels for the working medium and the cooling medium that are sealed off with respect to each other; the cylinder head thereby includes a bottom plate and side walls and possibly partition walls and the like which act reinforcingly on the bottom plate, whereby the elastic yieldingness of the bottom plate is constructed as uniformly hard as possible within the area of the circumferential configuration of the cylinder liner by weakening the reinforcing action of these walls within certain areas.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, the static parts of which are formed as die castings. The engine includes a plurality of cylinders each closed at its upper end by an individual cylinder head casting. Each cylinder head casting has at least two tubular extensions thereon forming air intake and exhaust passageways and at least two valve stem guides. All of the cylinder head castings have flat horizontally extending upper faces all lying in a single plane and on which a valve train casing casting is seated. A single camshaft is journalled in the valve train casing and arranged to operate the intake and exhaust valves of all of the cylinders. The upper end of the valve trains casing is closed by a cover having a breather opening communicating with the interior of the valve train casing and also having air intake openings communicating with the air intake passageway of each cylinder. A shroud is mounted over the cover to define an air chamber which communicates with atmosphere through an air filter.

Abstract: A lipped cylindrical container having a pouring spout integrally formed therewith, which container is removably supported in a desired vertically spaced relationship on the lowest external surface portion of an automotive crankcase, to receive oil that drips therefrom. The container is removably supported from the crankcase by a number of elongate permanent magnets that are vertically adjustable relative to the container. Due to the vertical adjustment of the magnet, the container may be removably supported from the lower surface portion of a crankcase, irrespective of whether this portion is of a flat or curved configuration.

Abstract: A simplified and reliable shut-down device for stationary diesel engines and the like employs a solenoid whose armature is carried directly by a manually operable reset rod having a locking element therein for cooperation with a vibration-proof latch means on the shell or casing of the solenoid. A push-pull cable attached to the reset rod serves to pull the rack or other fuel control member of the engine to immediately shut down the engine responsive to spring force on the reset rod opposing the holding force of the solenoid. The device is electrically fail-safe, as any interruption of electrical power to the solenoid coil will result in immediate engine shut down.

Abstract: The oven cooking cavity has a perforated top wall above which there is a substantially full width plenum chamber which receives from a rear exterior duct heated air and gases under pressure for discharge of the same downwardly through the cavity top substantially uniformly over the area of the same. The heated air and gases exit from the cavity at the bottom and comingle with newly heated air and gases from a bottom forward gas burner in passage therewith to motor-driven impeller means which discharges into the delivery duct. In such gas embodiment, a small portion of the circulation within the cavity is vented to the atmosphere at the top front of the oven and compensating make-up room air supplied. The heat source can also be electric, with full instead of substantially full recirculation as in the gas embodiment.

Abstract: A cyclic method of storing and recovering thermal energy utilizing a particulate bed of a decomposable heat storage material selected from the group consisting of the hydroxides of magnesium, calcium, and barium. The bed of heat storage material is confined within a container adjacent a water-permeable wall of the container. Thermal energy of chemical decomposition is stored by heating the bed of selected hydroxide to a temperature within the range of from 300.degree. to 900.degree.C and above the decomposition temperature of the selected hydroxide for a time sufficient to decompose at least a part of the selected hydroxide to form the corresponding oxide and water vapor. The water vapor is withdrawn by passing a carrier gas into contact with the water-permeable wall of the container to absorb the water vapor permeating therethrough.

Abstract: A combination solar heat collector and awning is disclosed as an attachment for a travel trailer or mobile home wherein the heat collector panel is extendable to an awning position overlying the wall of the vehicle which should be facing toward the sun. The heat collector panel has water pipes extending therethrough which provide heated water to a tank mounted on the roof of the vehicle and connected to the domestic hot water system of the trailer or to heat radiators as desired.The heat collector panel is extendable and retractable with a cable system which is selectively motor operated or hand operated. The total unit when in stored position or in position of use has a relatively low silhouette and permits passage of the vehicle through normal roadways.

Abstract: A safety apparatus for use in administering radioactive serums by a syringe, without endangering the health and safety of the medical operators, consists of a sheath and a shield which can be retracted into the sheath to assay the radioactive serum in an assay well. The shield can be moved from the retracted position into an extended position when the serum is to be injected into the patient. To protect the operator, the shield can be constructed of tantalum or any like high density substance to attenuate the radiation, emanating from the radioactive serums contained in the syringe, from passing to the atmosphere. A lead glass window is provided so that the operator can determine the exact quantity of the radioactive serum which is contained in the syringe.

Abstract: An electrode cell assembly for the continuous determination of ion concentrations in living tissues, which cell assembly comprises a measuring electrode having an ion selective member, which is shaped in a way so that it can be introduced into the living tissue and which cell assembly, furthermore, has a reference electrode in a housing which is filled with an electrolyte and which housing of the reference electrode has a membrane which is in continuous contact with the surface, e.g., the skin or the tissue of the living being during the determination of the ion concentrations, so that the ion concentration can be continuously read off from a recording device with which the electrode cell assembly is connected.

Abstract: A coil spring guide, for use in connection with the insertion of a catheter into the vessels of a body, that has a coil spring, and a wire core extending within the coil spring and having a distal end welded to the distal end of the coil spring. The coil spring is made from metal wire that in a straightened condition is circular in transverse cross section throughout its length, and that after being coiled, to have adjacent helics abut against one another. Thereafter the radially outer circumferential portion of the coil is ground away to provide a helical radially outer spring coil surface (chordal surface) that is of a substantially constant radius throughout the axial length of the coiled wire and has a helix width of a chord parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the coil spring that is subtended by about a 10.degree.-140.degree. angle of two radii of the coil spring wire.

Abstract: A biomedical electrode for use in cooperation with a signal-receiving apparatus is the subject matter of this invention. The electrode includes an open-sided resilient transparent container, with a microporous diaphragm closing the open side. The container includes a filling aperture on the side opposite the open side. The container has three resilient fingers formed integral therewith, which fingers contact the diaphragm to hold the diaphragm outward from the container. The resilient fingers are equiangularly spaced about the filling aperture. An annular sealing flange is formed integral with the container; and extends into the filling aperture. A terminal plug is positioned in the filling aperture, in seaing engagement with the annular sealing flange, to seal closed the filling aperture. The terminal plug includes a cup, which is deformed slightly during insertion of the terminal plug into the filling aperture.

Abstract: An improved oral irrigation technique is characterized by an oscillatory swept water jet issued to sweep back and forth at high frequencies across the user's gums and teeth. High frequency operation is achieved by oscillating the jet itself rather than the jet-issuing body. The high frequency sweeping jet effects faster cleaning action and more effective gum massage than prior art pulsed jet irrigators having lower effective operating frequencies.

Abstract: The invention relates to a foot splint for correcting abnormalities and foot deformations that are sometimes found in newborn and yound children. It includes relatively fixed, angularly related foot supports, each having a wall about the heel and extending continuously along a length of each support to apply a medial restraint and lateral support to the inner surface of the foot and heel while strap means retains each foot on its respective support to prevent displacement of the heel as well as medial displacement of the forefoot relative to its respective support.

Abstract: An intrauterine contraceptive device made from plastic having a C-shape or Omega-shape to enable it to lie in the uterine cavity. Lines of predetermined length are attached at one of their ends respectively to enlargement portions of the terminal ends of the device and with their other ends fastened by a plastic bead and aid in insertion, removal and as a telltale marker. The device can include a metallic contraceptive material such as copper. One embodiment uses copper wire, which can be of selected different diameter, wound on the body of the device and retained against slippage by serrations on the body. A tubular inserter with appropriate grips and a cervical abutment flange is used to receive the IUD in elongated deformation.

Abstract: An eye covering for a large domestic animal adapted to protect the eye in the event of an infection or disease. The covering is formed of material such that it is opaque and of a form that causes the covering to spring back to its original form after deflection.

Abstract: A respiratory protective device is disclosed. The device is of a type which may be used by several persons for an extended length of time in a noxious environment. The invention is characterized by a source of oxygen-rich gas, a breathing bag means, a valving system to vent and replenish the breathing bag means, a breathing conduit loop having inhalation and exhalation manifolds and a means therebetween to deliver breathable gas to several users at the same time, and a scrubber to remove carbon dioxide from exhaled gas. Special features include a unique dual alternately active breathing bag means and an assist means for movement of exhaled gas through the scrubber.

Abstract: Adhesive bandage backings are provided, utilizing foamed combinations of natural rubber latex and synthetic elastomeric modifying agents, that are highly conformable to irregularly shaped parts of the body and exhibit other desirable characteristics.

Abstract: Respiration apparatus, for anaesthetist's use, to minimize gas consumption by providing for a patient to rebreath deadspace gas (i.e. the gas previously present in the trachea, mouth and bronchial tree and which has not previously undergone change) comprises a housing enclosing an expansible container to which fresh gas is supplied by a fresh gas supply duct and also to the housing outside the container by way of a non-return valve which permits flow only from the respiration tube into the housing, adjustment means being provided to permit adjustment of the extent by which the container may expand.

Abstract: A surgical device of the kind having a cannula fitted with a laterally extending wing or wings also includes a sheet of flexible material having an adhesive surface which is fixed to the wing or wings and is capable of folding forwardly beyond the wing or wings to engage the skin of the patient to hold both the cannula and the remainder of the device in position. This avoids the need for the separate piece of surgical plaster used in the past since the adhesive-covered flexible sheet is automatically to hand and is automatically located with considerable accuracy. With a double wing construction the flexible sheet is preferably fixed so as to extend from the rear edge of the wings and when folded forwardly this brings the layer of adhesive into contact with the upper surface of the wings and also into contact with the skin of the patient beyond the forward edge of the wings. The sheet of flexible material preferably carries a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive covered by a removable barrier sheet.

Abstract: An inhalation device having an elongate housing having an emptying chamber adjacent that end of housing which is adapted for insertion into the mouth or nose of a user. A plurality of passageways extending essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the housing intersect with the inner end of the emptying chamber. Adjacent that end of the emptying chamber closest to the passageways, the housing has means for receiving or presenting a unit dose of powdered medicament for administration. During inhalation, the powdered medicament is entrained in the air stream being inhaled and is carried into the nose, throat or lungs of the user where beneficial or therapeutic action of the medicament occurs.

Abstract: A sanitary napkin having an adhesive element thereon for attaching to a undergarment is provided with means for both protecting the napkin and the adhesive element prior to use and for disposing of the napkin after use. The means comprise providing the napkin with a wrapper sheet of flexible material overlying one major surface, and the sides of the napkin and at least partially overlapping on the second major surface of the napkin. The sheet is releasably adhered to and held in place by the adhesive element.

Abstract: The cutting loop assembly forming part of resectoscope is stabilized, strengthened and reinforced by a tube which is slidably mounted on the distal end of the telescope tube and lies between the diverging and parallel arms of the cutting loop and which is shortened at its distal end so that it does not invade the field of vision of the operative field through the telescope tube when the cutting loop is at its maximum distal extension, and the connection of the stabilizing member to the parallel arms of the cutting loop is made by members which extend in a distal direction from the distal end of the stabilizing member, thus compensating for any reduction in the stabilizing and strengthening effect of the tube due to the reduction of its length.

Abstract: Tracheostomy tubes are provided with means that permits them to be held firmly in proper position upon a person on whom the device is installed. Such means comprises a fixed flange member, a slideable flange member and a plurality of slideable and separately removeable ring members positioned between the fixed and slideable flange members.

Abstract: Surgical clip formed from a suture material, for end-to-end suturing of hollow organs on a mandrel, such as blood vessels from 4 to 10 millimeters in diameter. The clip holds a plurality of staples, each being formed as a strip bent relative to the lateral axis thereof at an angle of approximately 90.degree. and has two arms, of which the longer one extends from the a bending line one free end while the shorter arm extends from the same line to the other free end; and respective C-shaped cylindrical cross bars on the free ends of the arms, the generators of the cylindrical cross bars being parallel to the longitudinal axes of the respective arms while the directing curves are part of a circumference with a diameter approximately equal to the outer diameter of a hollow organ to be sutured.