Abstract: A feedback control system for use in an electrostatographic apparatus capable of, by successive approximation, approaching a value of charge on an electrostatographic imaging surface which is in correct proportion to a reference voltage thereby to result in near zero circuit error. A predictor circuit samples, during a sample period, the reference voltage, the charge on the imaging surface and the output of a first, conventional feedback loop to produce a corrected reference voltage value for the loop. During the sample period, this corrected reference is stored in first memory while a second memory receives a constant input reference for feeding to the loop. At sample end, the constant input reference is disconnected from the second memory and the contents of the first memory are fed to the second memory thereby providing the corrected reference voltage to the loop.

Abstract: An electromagnetic motor and generator is disclosed having a pair of solenoids wound on a cylinder, each of said solenoids comprising three separate but connected windings. A magnetizable piston is positioned for reciprocation in the cylinder and is connected to a rotatably mounted crankshaft. A commutator connected to the crankshaft and interposed in an electric circuit selectively energizes the solenoids to cause rotary motion of the crankshaft. An additional circuit means is also provided for recapturing electrical energy generated in each of the solenoids upon deenergization of the solenoid by said switch.

Abstract: A polyphase motor of the wound rotor type has the rotor of a polyphase generator, smaller in size than said motor, mounted on the motor shaft. Polyphase voltages produced across the generator rotor are coupled to the input of an amplifier having an output power commensurate with the size of the motor and the amplifier output is connected to the windings of the motor rotor to supply the current to the motor rotor windings. The frequency of the voltage fed to the motor rotor is inversely proportional to the motor speed, and a frequency sensitive filter is provided to adjust the output of the amplifier thereby to control the motor speed and to maintain said speed at a selected predetermined value regardless of the motor load.

Abstract: Improved stable four-quadrant operation of an induction motor supplied with variable amplitude and frequency stator line current by a motor controller with a constant current source converter is achieved by using several feedback control loops to control the slip frequency as well as the stator line current amplitude and frequency. Speed feedback is employed with optional control of rotor speed. Motor performance is optimized by indirectly regulating air gap flux to its rated value by controlling slip frequency as a function of sensed stator current. Thus, torque is approximately linear with stator current.

Abstract: A switch for speed control of an electric motor driven vehicle employs a combination of resistance switching, field weakening and voltage switching. A mechanical switch assembly has a speed switch and a voltage switch that are interconnected so that the voltage switch provides 36 volts when the speed switch is in neutral and fifth speed position and provides 18 volts when the speed switch is in first through fourth speed positions. The speed switch has an operator controlled rotor arm that successively engages a neutral contact and five driving speed contacts so that varying resistance is inserted in circuit with the motor armature in the first two speed positions and no external resistance is employed in the third and fifth speed positions. The motor field comprises pairs of first and second oppositely disposed series wound coils with the pairs of coils all connected and energized in series in all but the fourth speed position.

Abstract: A direct current motor control system for generating current command signals to a unidirectional armature controller and a bidirectional field controller. A motor speed command is compared with the actual motor speed to generate a speed error signal. The system generates a current command signal from the average of the speed error signal wherein the current command signal is proportional to the square root of the desired motor torque. The absolute value of the current command signal is the input to the armature controller and the field controller receives the current command signal wherein the polarity of the signal determines the direction of current flow in the field winding for controlling the direction of rotation of the motor.

Abstract: Drive equipment supplied with direct current, which includes a DC motor with a series field winding and with a semi-conductor rectifier arrangement in parallel with the field winding and working in pulse operation for variable shunting of the field winding. The controllable semi-conductor rectifier has a reactor connected in series with it. A load object is connected in parallel to the semi-conductor rectifier. The load object may be an accumulator battery series-connected with a second semi-conductor rectifier which blocks the battery voltage.

Abstract: Alignment of a mask and a semiconductor wafer to be processed is effected by orthogonal and angular movements of the mask singly and in combination. A carrier for the mask is supported on four orthogonally positioned transducers which, when actuated to elongate or contract, produce carrier translational movement in either or both orthogonal directions and/or rotational movement by selective elongation and contraction of one or more transducers. Actuation of the transducers and the alignment are obtained by signals from a feedback system including photon detection and multiple frequency oscillation utilizing alignment marks on the mask and the wafer.

Abstract: A stepping motor having a rotor bearing a font or character retaining wheel inductively coupled to a stator and powered by polyphase pulse power to produce a rotational magnetic field and a rotational torque upon the rotor, the stator also being powered during character selection by polyphase counter rotational magnetic field to produce a counter rotational torque for substantially instantaneous braking action upon the rotor. Means are provided for actuating the character fonts of the print wheel for rapid impact character printing. Auxiliary electro-mechanical braking may also be utilized as back-up and is controlled by the same system.

Abstract: A pair of silicon controlled rectifiers are alternately triggered into their forward conductive states at points relatively early in each alternating current half cycle to provide a maximum charging current when a substantially discharged battery is to be recharged. As the charging process progresses, the battery voltage increases and at a predetermined value of the battery voltage a smooth transition from the current-controlled mode to a voltage-controlled mode is inaugurated. After the change to the voltage-controlled mode has been completed, the SCRs are triggered into conduction much later in each cycle, thereby furnishing a very low or trickle current which can be continued indefinitely without damage to the battery. Simple adjustments are provided for determining the maximum current charging rate and the particular voltage at which the changeover is to begin.

Abstract: A battery checker circuit comprises a voltage divider connected across a storage battery and including a voltage detection resistor. The voltage developed across the detection resistor is sensed by a transistor, which conducts to energize a display element when the battery voltage is above a reference voltage. For a battery voltage below the reference voltage, the transistor is rendered nonconductive to deenergize the display element. The illumination or extinction of the display element indicates whether the battery voltage is above or below the reference voltage.

Abstract: An energy conversion device is described which efficiently converts thermal energy to electrical energy or electrical energy to thermal energy through the mechanism of a structure which includes a first element (cathode), usually a metal, a second material such as an insulator or a semiconductor providing a voltage barrier and a conduction band, and a third material (anode), usually a metal, where the voltage barrier between the first element and the second element is greater than the voltage barrier between the second element and the third element. In some metals, work function is a relative indicator of voltage barrier heights and may be used as a criterion for selection of metals for the first and third elements, once the second element has been chosen.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for the ungrounded transmission of signals through testing points in communication facilities with the aid of high-frequency oscillations. The high-frequency oscillations are controlled on one side of the testing point and are rectified on the other side of the testing point. The rectified signals are utilized to reproduce the signals again. An oscillator is operated in dependency of the signal polarity by the signals without the requirement of external sources of power.

Abstract: An energy transmission system includes a high-voltage direct-current transmission main in the form of a ring for supplying consumers located within the ring. The high-voltage d.c. main is fed from a three-phase network through rectifiers, and power output groups located at a plurality of points within the ring are connected to the latter. Each power group consists of a plurality of partial inverters connected in series between the poles of the d.c. main and an alternating current consumer network to be supplied is connected to the output of the inverters. Each output group of inverters includes a regulating device to monitor and regulate current and voltage to pre-set values dependent upon the power requirement of the inverter group such that one inverter of a group regulates the common direct-current applied to the output group and the other inverters of the group regulate their direct voltage so that the resulting sum voltage is equal to the amplitude of the direct voltage of the common main.

Abstract: A commutation circuit for a converter is disclosed. The circuit comprises an intermediate DC link which is coupled at one end to the converter and which includes a smoothing choke. A DC controller is coupled to the other end of the DC link and includes a controlled main valve and a quenching arrangement which is shunted across the main valve and comprises a quenching capacitor in series with controlled quenching valve. In accord with the invention the aforesaid smoothing choke and quenching capacitor serve as the respective quenching capacitor and quenching choke for sum quenching of the controlled valves of the converter.

Abstract: In an inverter bridge having a recovery diode bridge associated therewith with the junction points in the inverter bridge coupled to corresponding junctions of the recovery diode bridge the d.c. inputs of the inverter are connected by means of symmetrically arranged electronic switches to the two d.c. supply voltage potentials with the recovery diode bridge connected to the d.c. supply ahead of the electronic switches. Also shown are auxiliary circuits including a capacitor, inductance and resistance associated with the electronic switches which permit elimination of the protective circuit components usually associated with the inverter semiconductors and recovery diodes.

Abstract: An integratable third harmonic signal generator includes a signal multiplier coupled to a source of alternating input signal, for providing a first output signal proportional to the input signal raised to the third power. The first output signal includes a first harmonic component and a third harmonic component each proportional to the input signal. Means are also included for deriving, from the input signal, a second output signal in predetermined magnitude and polarity relation with the first harmonic component. The first and second output signals are combined to cancel the first harmonic component and thereby provide a third output signal proportional to the third harmonic component of the input signal substantially devoid of any first harmonic component.

Abstract: The converter includes a dc. motor energizable from a battery and adapted to drive an alternator which produces an ac. output voltage for powering a load device. When the switch of the load device is closed or opened to start and stop the latter, the motor of the converter is automatically energized or de-energized. A unique system for controlling automatic energization and de-energization of the motor is constituted by low cost and reliable components and is characterized by a voltage divider and a diode circuit which (1) cause battery current to flow through a pick-up resistor to effect starting of the motor when the load device switch is first closed, and (2) limit the current through the resistor to small values when the alternator is operating.

Abstract: A fault indicator for a motor vehicle battery charging system of the type in which a diode-rectified alternating current generator supplies charging current to the vehicle battery and supplies other loads on the vehicle. The fault indicator is capable of detecting certain faults in the diode-rectified alternator and is capable of detecting certain faults in the generator voltage regulating system. The fault indicator system utilizes current difference operational amplifiers, one of which is connected to detect sharp negative voltage transitions caused by certain faults in the system. The fault indicator also has Zener diodes connected to provide an indication of faults that cause abnormally low or high voltage outputs of the diode-rectified alternator such as an open or shorted voltage regulator.

Abstract: A current, produced by a differential amplifier and proportional to a reference voltage and/or a reference value, is compensated for variation of the base-emitter voltage and of the current gain factor over a comparatively large control range, in that the common-emitter current of the differential amplifier is controlled proportionally to the output current with the aid of current mirror circuits.

Abstract: A constant-voltage transformer for stabilized power supply includes a primary coil and a secondary coil connected across a tuning capacitor. A magnetically continuous magnetic core links both the primary coil and the secondary coil, and a magnetically discontinuous magnetic core links the secondary coil but not the primary coil. Another discontinuous magnetic core may link the primary coil but not the secondary coil, and a compensating coil may be linked by this core only. Preferred designs have an abrupt cut-off at a load current only a little greater than design value, so that a dangerously high current can never be drawn, even into a total short circuit.

Abstract: A magnetic amplifier is disclosed which has improved fail-safe characteristics, the amplifier has a pair of saturable magnetizable cores with d.c. control winding turns on each which are mutually decoupled in known manner with regard to input a.c. windings and the a.c. windings also have linked with them a further magnetizable core, the output from the transductor being derived from a secondary winding on the further cores. The arrangement enables various applications of a magnetic amplifier to be made which might otherwise be objectionable by reason of the reduced operational failure-to-safety characteristics. These applications include use in a brake control circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for compensating for the reactive power in a three-phase network. The apparatus includes an uncontrolled rectifier, an intermediate DC link connected to the rectifier, and a self-commutating inverter connected to the DC link and controlled so as to have a pulse-width modulated output.

Abstract: A well logging instrument comprises a focus section having a focus upper guard, a center electrode and lower focus guard. The bottom section of the instrument includes a pad device having electrodes on its borehole wall-engaging surface and adapted to be urged against the borehole wall and also having one or more pressure relief devices, for example, spring-loaded check valves, located therein to reduce differential pressure which might otherwise build up between the surface of the pad and the borehole wall. The remote electrode of the focus portion of the instrument is the armor surrounding the logging cable. The lower focus guard serves a dual function in that it is also the mini-focus remote electrode. Means are provided for measuring the potential between the focus guard and the cable armor and also between the microguard and the lower focus guard, both measurements then being sent up the logging cable to the surface electronics.

Abstract: A dipmeter in a well logging tool includes conventional type circuitry which senses the angle of inclination of the logging tool and an azimuth angle. The dipmeter also includes a non-conventional type bed detection sub-system. The bed detection sub-system includes at least three radio frequency oscillators having their coils mounted on pads of the logging tool. As the logging tool moves through the borehole, the electrical current passing through the coils on the pads causes lines of flux to circulate through the earth formation. Eddy currents are developed for each group of fluxlines created by a coil. As the earth formation changes, the eddy current changes accordingly causing a grid current in the oscillator to change. Portion of the grid currents are transmitted uphole and are recorded so that the interface between the types of earth's formation may be recorded with its relationship to the particular borehole and thus used to determine the dip of different earth formation beds.

Abstract: Various improvements in an analog oscilloscope for an automotive ignition analyzer are disclosed, including, among others, a short store circuit which enables the full amplitude of the firing line voltage to be displayed and a sweep trigger circuit which correlates engine speed and sweep length.

Abstract: A circuit for simultaneously testing all of the pilot lights or indicator lights on a panel. Each of the pilot lights is associated with a pilot light unit having a transformer and a relay-operated, two-pole switch. Upon the simultaneous introduction of a test current to each of the pilot light units, the relay is energized by the test current to disconnect the pilot light from its normal signal connection and connect the pilot light to receve the test current.

Abstract: Apparatus for determining the presence, quantity, size, and location of corrosion causing pores and insulating films on metallic platings is described herein. With the plating acting as an anode, a coordinate array of electrochemical cells is formed by placing an electrolytic film on the plating and sequentially energizing a coordinate array of cathode conductors in the film. A digital voltmeter is connected to the plating anode and registers varying potentials as the cathode conductors are energized depending upon the presence, etc., of pores in and films on the plating. Information derived from the voltmeter output controls a printer, in one embodiment, to record the sequential output information. Correlation of the recorded information with the sequence in which the cathode conductors are energized indicates the location of the undesirable plating surface conditions.

Abstract: In a high-temperature furnace such as a heating furnace, a melting furnace or a blast furnace, a cooling cell assembly of a ferromagnetic material such as iron is used in the furnace wall. The thickness of the cooling cell assembly can be detected by winding primary and secondary windings about an iron core, passing an alternating current through the primary winding and inserting a sensor in an inspection hole for detecting the current or voltage induced in the secondary winding, forming a magnetic circuit in the sensor and a portion of the furnace wall, and detecting variations in magnetic permeability between the cooling cell assembly and mortar, refractory bricks or air gaps.

Abstract: The measuring apparatus comprises an electromagnetic induction type non-contacting distance measuring device including a detection coil disposed near the edge of a running metal strip, a filter for deriving out the high frequency component and the low frequency component of the output of the detection coil, means responsive to the high frequency component for determining the contour of the wavy edge of the strip and means responsive to the low frequency component for adjusting the lateral position of the detection coil with respect to the edge of the metal strip.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the moisture content of different kinds of materials wherein electrodes having a voltage supplied thereto are applied to the material to be tested for providing a measuring current corresponding to the moisture content of the material. The measuring current is applied to an amplifier having a low-valued input resistance and the moisture content is determined by adjusting a scale graduated in moisture values in accordance with the output of the amplifier. A balancing device is provided for balancing the output of the amplifier and the scale is connected to the balancing device to indicate a balance position as the moisture content value. The amplifier is also provided with a device for converting the measuring current to a voltage corresponding to the logarithm of change in current and a device for providing temperature compensation.

Abstract: A corrosion detector for determining the corrosivity of a fluid and the ability of a metal to withstand the corrosive tendencies includes a tubular test specimen and a reference specimen. The two specimens are of the same composition and configuration over the length of the test specimen over which measurements are made. Means are provided for maintaining the two specimens at a temperature within less than 1.degree. F. of each other. The corrosive fluid is passed through the test specimen. An alternating current is passed through the test specimen and reference specimen and the change in resistance of the test specimen relative to the reference specimen is measured in a phase sensitive Wheatstone bridge circuit to determine the extent of corrosion.

Abstract: For use in a particle analyzer of the well known type, in which a microscopic aperture-defined sensing zone separates two bodies of electrolyte and particles in the electrolyte are caused to pass through the sensing zone; a first pair of sensing electrodes and a second pair of power electrodes are positioned with one electrode of each pair being on opposite sides of the aperture. A feedback circuit measures the constant D.C. voltage component between the sensing electrodes and feeds same back to the power electrodes, to cause the analyzer to be independent of power electrode polarization. The sensing electrodes are coupled to an output circuit, including a high input impedance voltage detecting amplifier, to enable the analyzer to operate accurately independent of changes in electrolyte conductivity. The connections to the sensing electrodes permit only negligible current to flow in them and thereby minimize their polarization.

Abstract: A device for periodic, automatic, readable recording of a meter value from a consumption measuring meter including a casing attachable to an otherwise conventional meter and provided with a slot, a printing unit disposed within the casing and located out of the plane of the slot in order to be tamper-proof, the printing unit being composed of an identification data printer and a consumption value printer and being adapted upon insertion of a record card in the slot of the casing to apply to the record card a visually readable marking of the identification data and meter consumption value, and a push button connected to the printing unit and manually actuable for causing the marking to be applied to the record card by shifting the printing unit towards the record card inserted into the casing through the slot.

Abstract: An electrical circuit for digitally displaying an input electrical signal to minimize fluctuations in the output and maximize the speed of response to changes in the input signal whereby the input signal is applied to a first low pass filter and a second low pass filter having both a lower threshold frequency and a slower response time to changes in the input signal than the first filter. The outputs of the two filters are applied to a differential amplifier to produce a differential signal which is applied via a pair of serially and oppositely connected Zener diodes to the output of the second filter, which is also connected to the digital display, to cause rapid response to signal changes. The frequency of a unijunction oscillator is also controlled by the differential signal to increase the measuring rate of the digital display whenever the input signal charges by more than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A long-scale moving coil instrument of the type comprising a frame, means including an arcuate core member secured to the frame for forming a magnetic circuit path, and a mounting member carrying a moving coil over the core member and being suspended for rotation relative to the frame by means of tension bands secured to bosses on the mounting member. The instrument is characterized by a pair of boss-stoppers made of an elastic, electrically insulating material. Each boss-stopper supports a tension spring, lies in a through-hole provided in the frame, and has a central passage through which the tension bands extend for connection to the tension springs, the passages additionally receiving the bosses on the coil mounting member to limit movement thereof. With this arrangement, electrical connections to the moving coil may be effected by means of the tension bands while maintaining the electrical connections isolated from the frame with the electrically insulating boss-stoppers.

Abstract: A frequency synchronizing system for satellite communication, in which a reference frequency coming from a communications satellite is received by a receiving circuit. A first frequency variable oscillator is provided for generating a transmission signal. A second receiving circuit is provided for receiving through the communications satellite the transmission signal which is the output from the first frequency variable oscillator, A first frequency control circuit is provided for controlling the first frequency variable oscillator for making the frequencies of the outputs from the first and second receiving circuits equal to each other. A second frequency variable oscillator is provided for generating a signal of a frequency twice as high as the reference frequency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing vigilance alarm in or about a multiple station installation as may be used basically in an apartment complex or neighborhood but may be extended to include any number of station alerts wherein an undesired disturbance at one station will be made known with characteristic identification at all remaining stations in the system. The apparatus includes at each station a similar type of unit which consists of a radio transmitter and receiver, the transmitter of which can be energized to transmit an alarm signal indicative of that particular station to all receivers of remaining stations; and receivers of remaining stations thereafter energize frequency selective response circuitry in order to indicate and give audible alarm of disturbance at the transmitting station.

Abstract: Intelligible crosstalk in microwave radio systems employing single-sideband modulation is substantially eliminated by phase-modulating the AM carrier-wave prior to its modulation by the baseband signal. The phase-modulation may comprise a periodic signal, such as a single sinusoidal tone or pseudo-random noise, or it may comprise an aperiodic signal such as a truly random noise. In this latter event, the coding signal is transmitted to the receiving location to ensure proper demodulation of the encoded signal.

Abstract: An improved preselector cavity arrangement and RF selectivity assembly includes a cast housing for the preselector with a plurality of interconnection apertures or slots, each being surrounded by a boss. Each boss is mated with a slot in an adjoining housing of an interconnected module for allowing input, output and injection connections to be made to the preselector without intermediate connections to the supporting printed circuit board. One adjoining housing may contain the RF amplifier with coupling and impedance matching to the amplifier output coil provided by a loop from the preselector input. The loop passes through the shielded aperture, couples to the output coil by passing around the coil form and then returns to ground on the preselector casting. The injection filter and tripler/mixer modules may be contained in other adjoining housings and also coupled to the preselector through shielded apertures. To minimize RF spray radiation no interconnections are made via the printed circuit board.

Abstract: The receiver includes a decoder responsive to certain characteristics of a coded signal, such as the frequency of tones, for producing a decoded signal indicative of second characteristics of the coded signal, such as the durations of the tones. A duration detector is responsive to the decoded signal to provide a detected signal having properties indicative of the tone duration. A utilization circuit is coupled to the detector and is operated in accordance with the properties of the detected signal. The utilization circuit may be an annunciator which produces an audible or visual alerting signal, or it may express digital information, or it may be a system which is to be remotely controlled. Such receiver may be one in a system of various groups of receivers which can be contacted simultaneously if desired.

Abstract: A clock output signal is aligned in phase to conicide with the phase of signals derived from a master clock. In the event that there is a malfunction of the master, standby control circuitry modifies the phase of the clock output signal incremental quantities until it is in phase with the phase of signals from a standby clock. The clock output signal is thereafter maintained aligned in phase to coincide with the phase of the signals derived from the standby clock.

Abstract: A conditional latch circuit is selectively operable as a latch or as an OR gate. The circuit comprises an OR gate having at least three inputs, each connected to the output of separate ones of three AND gates. A fourth AND gate has an inverted output connected to an input of two AND gates and a non-inverted output connected to an input of the third AND gate. The output of the OR gate is connected to a second input of the third AND gate. With one input of the fourth AND gate connected to a binary clock source, the circuit will operate as a latch to store binary signals received at the second input of the first and second AND gates when the second input of the fourth AND gate is connected to binary one. When the second input of the fourth AND gate is connected to a binary zero, the circuit will operate as an OR circuit.

Abstract: Rate of change of the angle .theta. conveyed by a three-wire synchro signal is developed as an inherently normalized signal (d.theta./dt) by dividing N sin .theta. (d.theta./dt) signals by N sin .theta. signals and N cos .theta. (d.theta./dt) signals by N cos .theta. signals over selected ones of contiguous segments of a full 360.degree. range of .theta. where the divisor signals do not go through zero. The N sin .theta. and N cos .theta. signals are normalized outputs of dividers which divide synchro carrier reference demodulated sin .theta. and cos .theta. signals by a synchro carrier reference level signal. N sin .theta. and N cos .theta. signals are differentiated to derive the N sin (d.theta./dt) and N cos .theta. (d.theta./dt) signals. Logic circuitry switches appropriately signed ones of the signals as divisor and dividend inputs to an output divider whose output is (d.theta.

Abstract: There is shown two frequency dividers with the same division ratio connected through first and second logic gate members to a clock generator. The phase difference between the outputs of the frequency dividing networks is proportional to the analog signal to be stored. Alternative circuit means are described for connecting the phase difference to a reference signal for comparing with a "new" analog signal. The comparison provides one of two logic conditions, depending on the relative magnitude of the signal represented by the phase difference at the output of the dividing networks and the "new " analog signal to be stored. These logic conditions operate one of respective ones of said first and second logic gate members to alter the flow of pulses into the respective dividing network, whereby the phase difference between the output of the dividing networks is now proportional to the "new" analog signal.

Abstract: An electronic band pass filter adapted for passing an oscillating wave pulse of a predetermined band width frequency is provided with a circuit for short circuiting the energy contained in the ring-down at the end of the pulse to ground with additional circuitry for cutting off ring up at the beginning of the pulse and further narrowing the band width frequency.

Abstract: A lock-in filter that may be used to detect an AC data signal in the presence of high level noise signals that may occur in such systems as those used for acoustical telemetry in boreholes includes a pair of parallel capacitors receptive of the data and noise signals and circuitry operating in response to signals in the capacitors for alternately switching the capacitors to receive the noise and data signals in phase with the data signal.

Abstract: A demodulator for differentially coherent phase-shift keyed data signals correlates samples taken in consecutive baud intervals. Received digital data signals are hardlimited to preserve zero-crossings only and samples of such hardlimited signals are temporarily stored in a delay structure. Polarity correlations are made between two pairs of samples relatively delayed by a baud interval less 45.degree., and a baud interval plus 45.degree., of carrier wave phase. These direct correlations control the counting direction of separate reversible counters. A further indirect correlation is made between the direct correlations and this third correlation is used to inhibit or not the operation of the reversible counters. The count-up, count-down and inhibit pattern constitutes ternary processing of binary data. The resultant counts are decoded at the end of each baud interval by observing whether the net count has been up or down. The counters are reset.

Abstract: A directional power detector mounted between the power amplifier and antenna which supplies audio frequency output signals indicative of forward and reflected power, circuitry for summing and converting the output signals from the power detector means to a DC potential proportional to the magnitude thereof and a transistor connected in shunt at the input of the power amplifier and controlled by the DC potential for controlling the peak envelope power at the antenna.

Abstract: A laser amplification method for increasing the energy extraction efficiency from laser amplifiers while reducing the energy flux that passes through a flux limited system which includes apparatus for decomposing a linearly polarized light beam into multiple components, passing the components through an amplifier in delayed time sequence and recombining the amplified components into an in phase linearly polarized beam.