Abstract: A sound-cinecamera comprising a motor for driving a capstan at uniform velocity, a motor for feeding a film intermittently, a detecting switch for detecting any superfluity or insufficiency of the film feed by said film-feeding motor relative to the film feed by said capstan driving motor and generating corresponding sag-signals, a speed-controlling circuit connected to said film-feeding motor and comprising a tachometer generator for maintaining the stability of the speed of said motor, and a sag-detecting circuit comprising said detecting switch, said sag-detecting circuit being connected to the power source of said film-feeding motor and the output thereof is connected to the controlling means of said speed-controlling circuit through a delay circuit, whereby said sag-signals generated by said detecting switch are transmitted to said controlling means independently of said speed-controlling circuit for regularizing fluctuations in the number of revolution of said film-feeding motor arising from fluctuation

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for receiving a video image from a television receiver and projecting an enlargement of the image onto a suitable reflecting means, and alternatively for providing direct viewing of the television receiver video screen. The apparatus has a housing, preferably rectangular, with a pair of cylindrical support means extending outwardly respectively from mutually opposing vertical sides of the housing. The cylindrical support means are adapted to be rotatably held by a support frame which permits the housing to be rotated about an axis concentric with the cylindrical support means. The housing is adapted to hold a television receiver and a removeable enlarging lens means, so that when the housing is in one predetermined position on the support frame, the video image from the receiver is enlarged and projected from the enlarging lens means.

Abstract: An improved process for electrostatic reproduction. A transparent charged sheet of insulating material, such as a thin insulating film bearing a uniform electrostatic charge on one side thereof, or an electret, is placed against an electrostatically charged photoconductive surface on a suitable substrate to form a temporary composite. The photoconductive surface is then exposed to a light pattern and the free surface of the transfer sheet is developed to provide a visible image corresponding to the light pattern. This image is fixed on the transfer sheet or transferred to a receiving sheet after the transfer sheet has been removed from the photoconductive surface. Further copies can be made by reapplying the transfer sheet to the photoconductive surface and redeveloping the free surface of the transfer sheet when in place on the photoconductive surface.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for electrophotographic duplication comprising a light source used for illuminating an original and fixing an image on a transfer sheet, and means for directing the available illumination from the light source first to the illumination station and then to the fixing station. Means are also provided for deenergizing the light source during the period between illumination and fixing and for reenergizing the light source prior to fixing.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic copying apparatus of a type in which an electrostatic latent image of an original to be copied is formed, through suitable illumination means, on a dielectric surface of a transfer material or copy paper held under pressure between a photoreceptor plate and an electrically conductive pressure pad on a pressing plate during impression of a potential across the photoreceptor plate and the pressure pad, there are incorporated an improved pressing device for pressing the copy paper against the photoreceptor plate, and a fixing device having uniform heat radiation and operated through a special fixing temperature control circuit.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying apparatus for forming on a photosensitive medium electrostatic images corresponding to an original image and for providing copies thereof, comprises an original carriage for carrying thereon the original image, optical scanning means having a plurality of reciprocally movable scanning units for scanning the original image on the carriage, a photosensitive medium, and means for forming on the photosensitive medium electrostatic images corresponding to the original image. The optical scanning units of the optical scanning means are operable to successively scan the original image.

Abstract: A camera/processor for, in a preferred mode, continuously exposing and developing photographic film, and preferably, photographic migration imaging film. The versatility of the apparatus is demonstrated by its ability to perform either heat or meniscus development and, optionally, film overcoating. After the film is exposed, it travels along a predetermined path, which path may include a plurality of separate film developing and film drying stations, toward a takeup reel.

Abstract: An improved developing device in electrophotographic copying apparatus in which a plurality of developing electrodes are disposed along a path of movement of a photosensitive drum surface. The electrodes are applied with voltages in a graded manner which conforms to the damping characteristic of the potential on the photosensitive surface at a developing station. The values of voltages applied can be controlled in accordance with the value of potential formed by an imaging area of the drum surface while maintaining the graded potential to thereby achieve an excellent developing effect. Further, the drum surface is provided with an unexposed and hence high potential portion which serves to remove toner which accumulates on the electrodes.

Abstract: A photoreceptor dark current leakage detecting device for use in determining the temperature induced current leakage of photoreceptors. The device as aforesaid comprises a miniature copy of, or segment from a photoreceptor class with electrical leads attached thereto and by means of which a reference bias can be applied thereacross. A current sensing meter introduced in circuit with the device measures current leakage. In a second embodiment, output from the device controls the operating bias on one or more of the components of an electrostatic reproduction machine to compensate for changes in photoreceptor current leakage.

Abstract: An electrostatic copier wherein an electrostatic image pattern is formed in the photoconductive surface of a rotatable endless carrier, toner particles are attracted to the patterns to form a visible image and thereupon transferred to an image carrier and a cleaning web contacts a portion of the photoconductive surface to clean it in preparation for the formation of another image pattern, a brush roller has an axis of rotation extending parallel to the axis of rotation of the endless carrier, the brush roller engaging the surface upstream of the portion as considered in the direction of rotation of the endless carrier and being rotated exclusively by frictional contact with the surface so as to remove from the surface carrier particles adhering thereto and prevent them from reaching the web.

Abstract: A film strip controller for exposed and developed photographic roll film adopted to be used with a photographic printing apparatus employing a roll film strip transport drive using slip clutches, includes a magnetic brake assembly responsive to signals generated as a result of varying light intensity incident upon a plurality of photosensitive detectors. The brake assembly stops the roll film being transported through the controller with each negative image on the film strip in proper registration and locates the negative in the proper plane so the shutter of the associated photographic printing apparatus can be operated to expose a positive print of the negative. Operation of the shutter may release the brake of the controller allowing the film to continue to move through the film strip controller until stopped by the brake means for the next negative.

Abstract: Reproduction camera provided with means for displacing the lens and the original table, which include signal devices that emit electrical signals respectively representing the positions occupied by the lens and by the original table. Each signal device consists of a cam-roll type decade counting unit with drive shaft, of which each roll consists of a cam wheel with ten cams, and each cam wheel cooperates with a rotating ten-step switch with digital output.

Abstract: A high resolution optical electronic measuring device for measuring displacement distance between an object which moves and one which is generally stationary includes apparatus for generating a series of cyclic radiation fringe patterns moving in correspondence with the object being observed and electrical circuitry for processing two corresponding cyclically generated electrical signals to provide increased measurement resolution by electronically multiplying each division on a measuring scale into eight measurement increments.

Abstract: A method of counting and analyzing pulses representative of characteristics of particles passing through a detector device including detecting the amplitude of each pulse, measuring the area under each pulse and above a reference level, deriving a ratio of amplitude to measured area, and determining which pulses have a ratio over a selected threshold as an indication of simultaneous passage of more than one pulse through the sensing zone of the detector device.

Abstract: A method for adjusting the position of the transparent triangular knife of a microtome with respect to a sample to be sectioned, consists of projecting a beam of light into the interior of the knife from below whereby an area of the sample above the knife edge will be illuminated by refraction of the projected beam from the upper sloping surface of the knife, the darkened area of the sample between the knife edge and the illuminated area constituting a measurement of the horizontal distance between the sample and the knife.

Abstract: An optical gauging apparatus includes structure defining a pair of light beams. One of the beams comprises a reference beam while the other is a measuring beam. An object to be gauged is positioned to partially interrupt the measuring beam. The partially interrupted measuring beam is compared with the reference beam as the object to be gauged is run through the gauging process.

Abstract: From a vessel in which micro-organisms grow in a liquid medium containing gas bubbles, a sample is withdrawn into an exterior measuring chamber by means of suction. Gas bubbles are allowed to escape from the sample and thereafter the opacity or turbidity of the sample is measured by passing a light beam through it.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the distance of a discontinuity in a glass fiber from one end of the fiber characterized by coupling a pulse into the one end, sensing a pulse of light reflected by a discontinuity as it leaves the one end and measuring the time lapse between the pulse to determine the distance of the discontinuity from the one end.

Abstract: Containers are diverted from a conveyor onto a base where each container is rolled into an inspection station defined by three rollers. A side belt rolls the containers against a rail and one of the three rollers projects beyond the rail at said inspection station. The other two rollers are independently mounted on oscillating arms which move the side belts into contact with the container to rotate it at said inspection station. An improved inspection head is also disclosed, and the method of fabricating said head whereby the machine can be set-up for inspecting containers of various configuration with a minimum downtime of the machine, all of the light emitters and sensors being frozen in a block in a head for a particular container configuration.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for photometric analysis apparatus in which a sample to be analyzed is brought through a thermostated metal block to a sample cell made of highly conductive material, the sample cell being contained within a cavity atop the block and thermally isolated therefrom whereby the sample is preheated to a desired temperature and remains at that temperature within the sample cell during a predetermined analysis period.

Abstract: A vessel is provided for receiving a small quantity of a liquid to be observed optically. The vessel has a body provided with four upstanding side walls of which two opposite walls are transparent and optically true and are intended to lie in the optical path. The other two walls are much closer together so as to reduce the interior volume of the vessel and are provided with external vertical ribs so as to impart a generally square external configuration to the vessel. A U-shaped thermally conductive body is disposed with its bridge portion beneath the bottom of the vessel body and with its limbs upstanding between the ribs and in thermal contact with said other side walls. The vessel can be secured in position by means of the bridge piece which may be of dovetail shape or may be magnetic or provided with a permanent magnet.

Abstract: A ball type roll-on liquid dispenser provided with a generally spherical ball and relatively small supporting nibs supporting the ball for rotation. A restricted passageway is provided between the ball and neck of the container to meter the liquid contents of the container. A thin retaining ring for retaining the ball is also provided as well as a closure liner adapted to apply variable pressure to the thin retaining ring to control the flow of liquid from the container and to completely seal the container from the atmosphere.

Abstract: A lever-operated latching device for securing in endwise coupled relation a socket portion and mating shank of axially aligned auger sections of an auger mining machine. The latching device is designed to be of minimum radial dimension so as to fit in a hole of limited radial cross section bored by the auger machine, and includes a latch pin that reciprocates in a passage formed in the socket portion between an extended position in latching engagement with the shank and a retracted unlatching position. The pin is biased by a spring toward its extended position and is retractable by a lever that engages a retractor element on the pin and that also acts as limit means that prevents the pin from extending beyond its extended latching position against the force of the spring. Openings are provided to permit removal by the latch pin of debris that could impair operative movement of the latch pin.

Abstract: Jointing element for a compoundable unit structure, comprising a plurality of pegs extending along axes which intersect perpendicularly at one point, the pegs being joined together in proximity to the point of intersection of the axes and having their ends dimensioned such that they may be inserted into support tubes; and a plurality of seats in the intersection and joining region of the pegs arranged to accommodate the corners of panels disposed substantially coplanar to the planes defined by the axes, the seats being dimensioned such that the edges of the panels come into direct contact with the support tubes.

Abstract: A joint structure for connecting together shelves in a modular shelf assembly includes first and second, coplanar, abutting shelves. A hole is formed through the shelves with one-half of the hole being formed in each shelf so as to complete the hole when the shelves are abutting each other. The shelves are sandwiched between first and second vertically extending supports which are connected together by fastening means extending through the hole in the shelves. Formed in the upper side of the shelves is an annular recess concentric with the hole and having an inverted cup-shaped bottom surface. An annular boss is formed on the end of the upper support and includes a cup-shaped end surface sized to fit within the recess.

Abstract: A joint between a member having an inwardly lipped, channel-shaped cross section and a hollow rail comprises a connection including a key portion which has a head with inclined engagement surfaces located between the sides of the channel-shaped member which also includes engagement surfaces having a corresponding inclination, a clamping device engaging means on the connector to urge the engagement surfaces of the head of the key portion into locking engagement with the surfaces on the lips so that the lips are prevented from splaying apart when the joint is stressed, the connector also including a tongue portion extending away from the key portion and having a threaded hole at the base of a ramp surface, the tongue being inserted into the hollow rail.

Abstract: A device for connecting wire rope to a chain and comprising a wedge means adapted to be inserted into the center of one end of the wire rope for receiving the strands of the wire rope along the outer periphery thereof, said wedge means and rope strands receiving a socket member therearound whereby the rope strands are securely clamped between the wedge and the socket member, and a connector means threadedly engageable with the socket member and having pin means engageable with one link of the chain. The threading of the connector applies force against the wedge to increase the clamping pressure against the wire rope strands. The threaded end of the wedge provides a release means for easily removing the wire rope from the wedged connection.

Abstract: A cover assembly for enclosing a utility unit having a housing forming a chamber and having an open bottom. The chamber is of a size to accommodate the utility unit. An articulated connecting structure having two hinges secures the housing to a support, as a base or the ground. The articulated connecting structure permits the housing to be moved from a closed position to an open position to provide access to the utility unit. The housing rests on an annular base supported on the ground. A releasable lock can be provided to hold the housing in a closed position in engagement with the base.

Abstract: A floating tool holder for a reamer or like tool characterized in that a shank member with respect to which a tool drive member has a floating drive connection has a centralizing pin fixed therewithin which provides a spring centering device to yieldably position said drive member coaxially of said shank member, and which axially retains said drive member for lateral floating movement without axial play.

Abstract: This invention is an apparatus to provide for a tap driver system that maintains alignment of a tap at the start of engagement and permits a limited amount of linear movement by providing a tension spring mounting system to connect the tap holder assembly and the tap assembly.

Abstract: The invention provides a hollow mill cutting tool capable of forming a cylindrical pin on one face of a plate member by removing material from the plate member. The cutting tool comprises a generally cylindrical member terminating in a tip portion having a toroidal cross-section and having its axis aligned with the cylindrical member. The inside diameter of the protruding end of the tip portion is selected to be the desired diameter of the cylindrical pin. The tip portion includes a plurality of forward helical surfaces each terminating at a forward end in a cutting edge extending across the thickness of the toroidal cross-section. Each helical surface extends rearwardly along a cylindrical path from the cutting edge at an angle of about 8.degree.-11.degree. with a plane transverse of the axis of the cylindrical member. A back helical surface, which is inclined at an angle of at least 55.degree. to a plane parallel to the axis, is connected to each of the foward helical surfaces.

Abstract: A wind turbine including a reaction type turbine wheel instead of an impulse type turbine which is normally used for receiving the wind and more efficiently deriving power therefrom and an augmenter means for producing a vortex downstream of the turbine at the exit of the turbine to increase the pressure differential across the turbine thereby increasing the power that may be extracted from the wind.

Abstract: A centrifugal pump for use in pumping hot liquids under pressure. A rotatable shaft, having an impeller at its lower end, is positioned along the axis of a generally cylindrical pump casing. The pump casing has a suction nozzle at its lower end, and a discharge nozzle near the upper end. A cylindrical outer shell surrounds the shaft within the casing, and a flange on the outer shell is secured to the top of the casing. A cylindrical inner shell is positioned inside the outer shell, surrounding the shaft, and a space is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell. The space provides an effective thermal barrier to protect the shaft. A bearing assembly for the shaft is secured to the inner shell, and a cooler is positioned between the bearing assembly and the impeller, thereby protecting the bearing assembly from the heat of the fluid being circulated by the pump. Seals are inserted within the inner shell above the bearing assembly, and these seals confine the high-pressure liquid within the pump.

Abstract: A choke valve (safety valve) is provided in association with a submergible pump employed in oil wells or the like to prevent the flow of well fluid toward the well head when the pump is not operating. Differential pressure across the pump is employed to open the valve, and the valve closes automatically when the pump is de-energized. Bottom-hole pressure merely closes the valve more tightly. A reciprocating tapered valve member controls the opening and closing of a longitudinal passage through a tubular valve housing, the differential pump pressure being applied across an annular piston reciprocating in an annular chamber surrounding the longitudinal passage and connected to the valve member by a plurality of longitudinal piston rods, springs surrounding the piston rods biasing the valve member to a closed position. The storm choke can be operated by fluid pressure applied from the earth's surface in order to permit "killing the well" or flushing sand from the choke.

Abstract: The invention comprises sealing structure between a seal plate, a rotor, and a blade, for sealing the root portion of a rotor and blade assembly to provide a sealed chamber adjacent the base of the root into which radially directed passageways in the blade open for transmitting the cooling fluid, delivered to the chamber, through the blade to the tip end thereof to cool the blade. The seal is perfected through a wedging action caused by centrifugal force moving the base or foot of the plate, disposed below the blade root, into sealing engagement with the rotor disk, and an intermediately disposed seal bar extending arcuately just radially outwardly of the radially innermost portion of the root and generally in the vicinity of the innermost loaded root projection with the loaded root providing the axial seal and the sealing bar and seal plate foot providing the radial seals to define a cooling fluid chamber adjacent the base of the root.

Abstract: The cooled vane includes an insert from which cooling air is dispersed over the inner wall of the vane to flow from the leading edge to the trailing edge via air channels between the jacket and insert and thence from the trailing edge via air channels to the leading edge and through outlets to flow over the suction side of the vane surface.

Abstract: An omnidirectional turbine providing a rotational output of one sense in response to fluid flow approaching the turbine from any direction parallel to its plane of rotation. The invention is contemplated for use in conjunction with electric generators or power generating systems in general capable of utilizing power output from said turbine.

Abstract: This invention relates to a semi-rigid rotor of the type in which each rotor blade is attached to a hub through a flexure member comprising an inner part which accommodates flapping movements and an outer part which accommodates lead/lag movements. In the arrangement of the present invention the outer part of each flexure member comprises a spindle extending from the inner part and an arm extending from a housing rotationally mounted on the spindle, the arm extending outwardly to an outer end arranged for connection to a rotor blade and spaced-apart radially from an outer end of the spindle. A tie-bar interconnects the outer end of the arm and the spindle, and means are provided to rotate the housing to effect pitch changes of the rotor blade during operation.

Abstract: A pitch-change apparatus for a ducted thrust fan having a plurality of variable pitch blades employs a rotatable ring bearing a plurality of camming members, and each of the plurality of blades is connected with a pitch-change horn engaged by one of the camming members. The ring and camming members rotate coaxially about a hub axis with the blades and rotate about the hub axis relative to the blades to collectively change blade pitch. The rotatable ring, the camming members and the pitch-change horns develop a variable mechanical advantage, and the pitch horns are connected with their respective blades so that the minimum mechanical advantage corresponds with the low-load, feathered pitch position of the blades and greater mechanical advantages correspond with the higher load, forward and reverse pitch positions of the blades.

Abstract: The invention concerns a marine propeller support arrangement, in which the center of gravity of the propeller is substantially coincident with the geometrical center of the aftermost stern-tube bearing, which bearing substantially supports the weight of the propeller. The propeller may be driven from its after end by means of a drive plate detachably secured to both the propeller and the propeller shaft. The bearing may be furnished with oil pockets and supplied with pressurized oil. An auxiliary emergency bearing may be provided in the propeller bore.

Abstract: The combination of a submersible electric pump, a holder on the pump, a cable holder movably mounted in the holder, a float having a switch therein which is actuated depending on the position of the float in a body of liquid, and a cable extending from the pump to the float and electrically connecting the switch to the pump for controlling the running of the pump depending on the condition of actuation of the switch. A point intermediate the length of the cable is held in the cable holder, whereby the level of the liquid in which the float is positioned at which the pump will be started and stopped can be controlled by adjusting the position of the cable holder in the holder and the point along the length of the cable which is supported on the cable holder.

Abstract: A modular sump pump assembly is disclosed that consists of three components--a base module, a power module and a switch module. The base module includes the pump casing and is adapted to be connected to the piping that is utilized for discharging the liquid from the sump. The power module, which comprises the pump impeller, the motor, the connecting drive shaft and related parts can be inserted at the pump impeller end into and removed from the base module by means of a bayonet-type joint so that servicing of the power module can be performed merely by twisting the power module relative to the base module to disconnect the bayonet-type joint, after which the power module can be lifted from the sump. The switch module is connected to the power module so that it also can be serviced merely by removal of the power module from the base module and then, if desired, disconnected from the power module.

Abstract: A fluidic flow control device comprising at least two generally aligned members having tapering bores therethrough, the members being so arranged as to constitute a convergence followed by a gradual divergence, separated by a gap, the gap communicating with an inlet/outlet or feed port. A cage connects the adjacent ends of the members and forms said port. A system for pumping may incorporate the device between a cylinder charged with pressure gas and an out-feed pipe. In operation, fluid is alternatively drawn in through the gap and into the cylinder and then pumped out by the gas across the gap and into and through the out-feed pipe. A level detector in the cylinder controls the oscillation of the system and an accumulator may be provided to smooth the outflow. Substantially continuous flow may be provided by coupling two systems to a common out-feed pipe.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with an improvement in a gas pressure driven pump which comprises a vessel, means for introducing a liquid into the vessel, means for preventing reverse flow of the liquid into the liquid introducing means, means for introducing a pressurized gas to the vessel, and means responsive to a gas pressure increase in the vessel for flowing the liquid out of the vessel. The invention is an improved system for controlling the flow of pressurized gas into the vessel responsive to the liquid level therein, which system is substantially independent of the density of the liquid. More specifically the improved system comprises a valve having a first, a second and a third port, the valve providing a first mode in which the first port is in communication with the second port and a second mode in which the first port is in communication with the third port. The second port communicates in both modes with the surrounding outside atmosphere.

Abstract: A pump with a plunger assembly that is received within an outer housing containing a fluid. The plunger assembly includes a slidable sleeve portion defining a vertical channel. A pair of flexible membranes form outer and inner chambers within the vertical channel, one of the flexible membranes constituting a common wall that separates the chambers. A charging fluid is fed to the outer chamber through an inlet valve and exits therefrom through an exhaust valve. A fluid to be pumped is fed to the inner chamber through an inlet valve and exits therefrom through an exhaust valve. The charging fluid governs the interior profile within the vertical channel for providing variable pressure to volume ratios within the chambers.

Abstract: A fluid driven reciprocating pump is described, particularly for use in feeding fertilizer solution to an irrigating water line, the pump being driven solely by the pressurized water in the supply line and requiring no electricity or other power source for either driving or controlling the pump. The described pump includes a pair of flexible diaphragms defining a pair of expansible chambers, and a reciprocating rod connecting the diaphragms to each other so that they move in unison. A main valve supplies pressurized water to the expansible chambers, and a pilot valve controlled by operator elements carried by the reciprocating rod controls the main valve connections to the pair of expansible chambers such as to effect an expansion and contraction of the chambers.

Abstract: Leakage of fluid is prevented by a negative pressure created in a motor-shaft bearing section by providing means for forcing fluid in the pumping chamber to flow in one direction.

Abstract: An electric motor driven compressor includes a reciprocating free-stroke armature driving a compressor piston in a cylinder. A cylinder head closes the cylinder to form a compression chamber into which opens an intake passage and an output passage selectively closed by valves. The output passage provides an opening into the compression chamber through the cylinder wall at a selected distance from the cylinder head to provide an energy absorbing chamber filled with gas when the piston closes the opening of the output passage during its compression stroke. The energy absorbing gas cushion in the chamber prevents impacts between the piston and cylinder head under varying operating conditions.

Abstract: An electromagnetic pump of the reciprocating type comprising a relief valve mechanism adapted to minimize the magnitude of pulsations of the fluid delivered by the pump and at the same time to act as a pressure accumulator. The relief valve mechanism comprises a pressure adjusting cylinder maintained in communication with the outlet side of the pump, a spring-loaded balancing plunger slidably mounted in the pressure adjusting cylinder, and a pressure adjusting screw adjustably mounted in the mechanism for regulating the biasing force of the spring so as to adjust the pressure applied by the spring to the balancing plunger to any level as desired.

Abstract: This invention relates to liquid metering pumps and according to the invention such a pump comprises a cylinder permanently connected to an inlet passage for the liquid and in which said cylinder a plunger piston is arranged to slide said piston co-operating with a sealing gland on the inlet side. The piston is urged by an elastic member into contact with a reciprocable actuating rod which co-operates with a sealing gland on the outlet side. The two sealing glands are separated by a spacer to form an annular chamber around the plunger piston and the actuating rod.