Abstract: Engine monitoring apparatus is disclosed in which the cylinder pressure changes in a fuel injected engine are monitored through the use of a transducer device which produces an electrical signal responsive to pressures exerted on an injector nozzle from within the cylinder. The transducer is mounted to the nozzle holding brackets or fasteners which act to maintain pressure tending to seat the nozzle against an inlet port in the cylinder and, as such, is responsive to axial pressures exerted on the nozzle assembly from within the cylinder. Methods and apparatus for mounting the transducer device to the holding brackets of various types of nozzle assemblies are disclosed along with read-out devices including a tachometer circuit for utilizing the transducer output signal for performance monitoring and diagnostic applications.

Abstract: A heat meter for measuring the rate of flow or quantity of flow of heat gained or lost by a flowing and confined heat transporting medium between two monitoring points comprises inlet and outlet conduits for the passage of heat transporting medium, one conduit having mounted therein a temperature sensitive unit for monitoring the temperature of the flowing medium and therebeing associated with an insulated section of the other conduit a heat transfer unit to heat the medium passing therethrough and a temperature sensitive device for monitoring the temperature of a region of the heat transfer unit which, in use, is in thermal contact with the heat transporting medium, and a controller arranged so that the difference between the two monitored temperatures is minimized.

Abstract: An electromagnetic flowmeter having a flow tube interposed in a normally less-than-full fluid line. A pair of arcuate electrodes are mounted in the flow tube at opposed positions spanning a substantial portion of the total circumference of the inner wall of the tube, whereby the electrodes are operative with respect to fluid in the tube in a range extending from a level close to empty to completely full. The electrodes which are in direct contact with the fluid have an inverted T formation, whose vertical leg conforms to the inner circumference of the tube, and whose horizontal base extends along the bottom of the tube, thereby maintaining a large portion of the electrode area in contact with the fluid at all times. Associated with the flow tube is an electromagnet that is excited by a periodically interrupted direct current to establish a magnetic field in the tube which is intercepted by the fluid passing therethrough to induce a signal in the electrodes.

Abstract: The flow of liquid along a conduit or over a weir is measured by means of temperature-sensitive components positioned in vertically spaced relationship so that the number of components in contact with the liquid depends on the depth thereof. Thermal energy is supplied to the components in such manner that the components out of contact with the liquid are subjected to a substantial temperature increase. The components are periodically heated and examined after each period. Those of one temperature state are counted to indicate the depth of liquid and hence the flow rate.A count linearly related to the flow in a given conduit or weir can be achieved.

Abstract: Apparatus for sensing the total pressure of a fluid flowing through a duct by a plurality of open-ended impact tubes fixedly arranged in a transverse plane of the duct and connected to a common manifold tube. Flow straightening means upstream of each sensing tube are provided by individual straightener tubes, open at both ends and arranged axially in the direction of fluid flow, in association with each sensing tube. The straightener tubes extend upstream from the ends of the impact tubes by a distance equal to at least eight times the transverse dimension of the straightener tube. In the preferred embodiment, separately manifolded static pressure sensing tubes are also provided, and serve as support means for the straightener tubes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid level measuring and recording apparatus which includes a recording stylus or pencil and a means for retaining a record such as marking paper. The stylus is connected to a float means which follows the level of the liquid and drives the stylus along the width of the paper in one direction when the level is rising and in the other direction when the level is following. In addition, either the stylus or the paper are connected to rotating means which rotate in one direction only and which are also driven by the up and down movement of the float. As the rotating means rotates in one direction only, the stylus will produce a straight line along the width of the paper when the float is moving in the non-rotating direction, and a straight line at an angle to the first line, when the float is moving in the rotating direction.

Abstract: Single-slide press with single work-input stroke and other characteristics and advantages of single-action press carries out multiple functions of double or triple-action presses in the manufacture of cup-shaped articles. A blank is cut from flat rolled sheet metal and clamped while being drawn into a cup shape; the drum cup can be redrawn into a cup of smaller diameter and greater sidewall height. Work-input force applied to the work product is modified as required for each step with fluid controlled cylinder and piston means mounted to permit relative movement of portions of the single slide means for carrying out the individual steps in sequence.

Abstract: A threshold actuated information detection system comprising a noise level converter, and a non-inverting voltage totalizer, and a voltage comparator interconnected such that the comparator will not trigger any logic circuit if an amplified signal is lower than the threshold level, and the use thereof in acoustic emission and other informational discriminating systems.

Abstract: A thermometer unit for monitoring the temperature of a fluid cooled electric transformer, the thermometer unit having a ceramic body insertable between the coils of the transformer winding immersed in cooling fluid in the transformer case. A nylon rod responsive to heat changes is confined in the interior of the body and is adapted to expand and contract according to the heat changes to vary volume flow of a gas circulated by a pump in a closed circuit connected with the body. Variations in the gas pressure are indicated on a sight gage externally of the transformer.

Abstract: This invention relates to thermal system comprising a phial of liquid and a capillary tube leading therefrom, the phial experiencing a high temperature which progressively drops along the length of the capillary. To avoid unnecessary expense, the phial and an appropriate length of capillary tube are formed of highly corrosion-resistant metal while the rest of the capillary is formed of cheaper metal.

Abstract: A process and a probe for measurement of temperatures of a given medium and also for measurement of the density of electromagnetic power of a medium at a given temperature is provided wherein a beam of light is transmitted into a capillary enclosure containing a liquid having a reflecting meniscus so that light is reflected from said meniscus and the reflected light is transmitted out of said enclosure whereby the intensity of reflected light can be measured as compared to that of the incident light.

Abstract: A two-pointer blood pressure indicator gauge with pointer blocking solenoids for the indication of the systolic and diastolic pressures, the gauge having a blocking member or a brake disc directly attached to each of the two pointer shafts, and in which the armature of each solenoid, or a solenoid-actuated brake lever, cooperates with the associated brake member or brake disc, respectively, thereby blocking the spring-driven return motion of the pointers. The pointer for the higher pressure, being dragged by the other pointer during pressure buildup, against a separate spring, is blocked first, allowing the pointer for the lower pressure to continue its return movement until it, too, is blocked.

Abstract: Two conduit means having a preselected volumetric relationship one to the other, at least one of these conduit means having a fluid oscillator means forming at least a portion thereof, are utilized in the dilution of a sample by filling one of the conduit means with a diluent liquid and the other with a sample material, then connecting the two conduit means together in a closed conduit loop and circulating the contents of the loop through the loop in order to cause uniform mixing of the sample material with the diluent liquid. In a preferred embodiment the diluted sample material is resampled from the conduit loop for further use or analysis.

Abstract: Two conduit means having a preselected volumetric relationship one to the other, at least one of these conduit means having a plurality of parallel passageways having different flow transmission time characteristics, are utilized in the dilution of a sample by filling one of the conduit means with a diluent liquid and the other with a sample material, then connecting the two conduit means together in a closed conduit loop and circulating the contents of the loop through the loop in order to cause uniform mixing of the sample material with the diluent liquid. In a preferred embodiment the diluted sample material is resampled from the conduit loop for further use or analysis.

Abstract: A pipette device enabling single samples of fluids to be readily analyzed under emergency conditions "STAT," as for example, body fluids, and which device is operable to first draw a predetermined volume of a selected reagent material into its chamber, and thereafter in similar manner draw a desired volume of the sample fluid to be analyzed into said device, said reagent material and fluid thereafter being ejected into a suitable reaction vessel wherein the same are admixed preparatory to being analyzed.

Abstract: A percentage of the grain lost is sampled constantly by sensors at locations across the rear of the sieve of a combine and the sound of the grain kernels striking the sensors is picked up by a microphone, amplified, filtered and fed to a ratio computing device which calculates the total grain loss from the sampling and displays same on a meter. A further sensor samples grain passing through the rear portion of a straw walker of a combine as this bears a direct relationship to the quantity of grain passing over the end of the walker. It can therefore be used to calculate the grain loss over the end of the walker. Once again the sound of the grain kernels striking the sensor is picked up by a microphone, amplified, filtered and fed to a ratio computing device which calculates the grain loss over the end of the walker and displays same on the meter.

Abstract: An actuator for an automatic transmission modulator valve which automatically changes shift speeds proportional to demand on the engine from idle to full throttle. The actuator is preferably controlled by a push-pull cable operatively connected to the throttle or accelerator, and exerts pressure on the push pin of the modulator valve in direct proportion to the travel of the throttle. The actuator utilizes balls between inclined surfaces on interfacing rotary and stationary cam plates and the cable applies rotating force through a moment arm to the rotary plate to obtain a substantial mechanical advantage in the amount of pressure applied to the push pin.

Abstract: An integral revolution clutch is provided wherein a motor rotates a drive pulley which continuously drives an idler pulley through a belt. A drive shaft is provided with a segment of a circle thereon connectable to the idler pulley by means of the belt. A spring means urges the segment into contact with the belt and a stop means normally prevents contact. When the stop means is deactivated, the segment is drawn between the belt and the pulley, causing the shaft on which the segment is located to make an integral number of revolutions until the stop means is restored. In a similar manner, power can be taken directly from the drive pulley.

Abstract: This invention features the concept of packaging a transmission so that it can be selectively embodied in any drive system as a unitary structure and serve per se, if desired, as the hub of a rotary drive element. A distinctive feature of this package is that the housing of the transmission unit serves as an output element.A preferred embodiment of the above described concept incorporates details of an output speed-controlled transmission comprising an input shaft, an output shaft and adjustable drive means by which said input shaft drives said output shaft and is characterized by means responsive to the rotational speed of the output shaft to adjust the drive means so as to maintain a predetermined rotational speed condition of the input shaft.

Abstract: A mounting plate is provided for removable rigid support from and in overlapped engagement with the lower marginal portion of a mount flange carried by the rear swing arm of a motorcycle adjacent to which the motorcycle chain is trained. A pivot shaft has one end portion removably rigidly secured through the plate and one pair of corresponding ends of parallel arms are mounted on the pivot shaft for oscillation relative thereto. A roller is journaled between the other pair of corresponding ends of the parallel arms and spring structure is operatively connected between one of the arms and the mounting plate for yieldingly biasing the arms in one direction of angular displacement about the pivot shaft, the chain of the associated motorcycle being receivable between the end portions of the arms between which the roller is journaled and with the chain passing over the roller.

Abstract: A clutch of the slipping belt type wherein the belt is lifted away from engagement with the driving pulley so as to avoid localized wear on the belt which would otherwise take place.

Abstract: A sprocket designed to drive chains in power transmission systems, which is characterized by a tooth profile having clearance, loading, and topping curves tailored to a selected chain barrel diameter and chain pitch, a selected pressure angle compatible with minimum stress on each engaged tooth of the sprocket, and a continuously curving tooth profile also contributing to the minimizing of stresses.

Abstract: A roller chain that includes a series of alternately arranged roller links and pin links is manufactured by welding side bars to separately formed bushings and pins. Each roller link has a pair of laterally spaced side bars extending in a direction longitudinally of the chain. A pair of bushings extend transversely of the chain between the side bars and a pair of rollers are rotatably mounted on the bushings. Welds fuse each end portion of each bushing to an adjacent side bar end portion. Each pin link has a pair of laterally spaced side bars extending in a direction longitudinally of the chain, with one side bar being located on one side of an adjacent pair of roller links and the other side bar being located on the opposite side of the roller links. A pair of pins extend transversely between the side bars, through bore openings in the bushings of each roller link. Welds fuse each end portion of each pin to an adjacent side bar end portion.

Abstract: An elliptic gear wheel or rotor having a predetermined pitch circle which includes longer and shorter radius and intermediary portions between said longer and shorter radius portions, the longer and shorter radius portions have teeth of a greater tooth pressure angle than that of teeth on the intermediary portion, and a transmission gear device including at least two identical elliptic rotors of the above type mounted in their respective support shafts in intermeshing relationship to each other.

Abstract: An anti-backlash gear system for use between a drive shaft and a driven shaft and wherein one said shaft is provided with a gear having helical teeth thereon, said anti-backlash system comprising a gear portion fixed to the other said shaft, and meshing with said helical gear, said gear portion having a width less than the width of said helical gear, a movable gear portion, slidably mounted on said shaft, and being slidable therealong towards and away from said fixed gear portion, said movable gear portion having a width less than that of said helical gear, and having helical teeth meshing therewith, spring means engaging said movable gear portion, and urging the same normally away from said fixed gear portion, and adjustable means for moving said movable gear portion towards said fixed gear portion, against the pressure of said spring.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a V-belt power transmission including a movable sheave member which has a hub and is mounted on the driving portion of an input shaft for common rotary movement and for relative axial movement via first and second axially spaced drive bushings, each having a central aperture which receives the shaft driving portion and having driven surfaces which are drivingly engaged by driving surfaces on the shaft driving portion during rotation of the shaft by a power source. The first drive bushing is affixed to the hub of the movable sheave member and the second drive bushing is connected, either to the hub of the movable sheave member or to the first drive bushing, by means arranged to resiliently urge the second bushing rotationally relative to the first drive bushing so that the driven surfaces of the drive bushings apply a predetermined "locked-up" torque on the shaft driving portion, thereby minimizing backlash between the movable sheave member and the shaft driving portion.

Abstract: Adjusting, locking, and pre-loading means for a bevel gear or the like exerting axial thrust on the shaft which the gear is made fast to. The adjusting means is a large nut which is rotatable in its mating threads to move a mount for the gear shaft so as to locate the position of the gear's plane of rotation. The locking means is that portion of a locking and pre-loading bolt which bolts the nut to the non-rotatable mount to set the located position of the plane of rotation. The pre-loading means is that portion of the same bolt which exerts an opposite force on the nut and on its mating threads, stressing the two in opposite ways so as to pre-load the threads in the same direction in which the gear thrust is exerted, enabling the axial thrust of the gear to be additive to the pre-load rather than tending to unload the pre-load, thus permanently fixing the set location of the plane of rotation of the gear with no free play.

Abstract: A safety device for locking a plurality of operation levers, the device comprising a frame on which the levers are mounted for pivotal movement with respect thereto, two lock plates mounted side by side on the frame for movement towards and away from one another between locked and unlocked positions of the device in response to rotary movement of a cam disposed therebetween; a respective link pivoted to each of the levers having its free end supported for linear reciprocal movement in response to the pivotal movement of the respective lever, the link having an engaging portion which co-operates with an engaging portion on the respective lock plate on movement of the lock plate towards the locked position to lock the link against the said reciprocal movement.

Abstract: A vehicle parking brake pedal positioning mechanism of the disclosure positions a parking brake pedal in an actuated condition against pivotal movement toward a released position by an infinite position locking action. A frame of the mechanism rotatably supports the brake pedal and a locking member about a common pivotal axis so as to be rotatable with respect to the frame and each other. The frame and the locking member respectively include first and second cam surfaces extending about the pivotal axis and having portions with increasing radii from the axis in a direction corresponding to the brake pedal movement from the released position to the actuated condition.

Abstract: A brake lock knob assembly comprising a bushing disposed to bindingly engage an axially inserted shaft end portion and having a first frictional brake surface disposed in releasable resilient engagement with a second frictional brake surface of an adjacent nonrotatable member, and an axially movable knob shell having an inwardly projecting portion disposed to disengage the brake surfaces and having interlocking means for rotatably engaging the bushing.

Abstract: A plurality of nested rims are mounted on spokes of a flywheel hub member in a manner causing the rim assembly to have a noncircular configuration while the flywheel is at rest. Expansion of the rim assembly and the hub member during high speed flywheel operation causes the rim assembly to assume a substantially circular configuration with each rim frictionally engaging its adjacent rims while the inner rim is frictionally engaged by the spokes.

Abstract: An overdrive mechanism is provided for use in an automatic transmission of the type including a torque converter and a change gear mechanism. The torque converter has a pump impeller obtaining its input from an engine and a turbine runner whose output is applied to a shaft of the change gear mechanism.The overdrive mechanism is disposed between the torque converter and the change gear mechanism and is responsive to the operation of the change gear mechanism. The overdrive mechanism includes a planetary gear train having a sun gear fixed stationary, a carrier operatively responsive to the pump impeller of the torque converter, and a ring gear operatively connected to the sun gear and carrier so that it at all times has output power of a rotational speed greater than that of the engine.

Abstract: An overdrive device is provided for use in an automatic transmission of the type including a torque converter and a change gear mechanism.The torque converter has a pump impeller obtaining its input from an engine and a turbine runner whose output is applied to a shaft of the change gear mechanism. The overdrive device is disposed between the torque converter and the change gear mechanism and is responsive to the operation of the change gear mechanism. The device includes a planetary gear train, an overdrive brake, and a one-way clutch.During overdrive, when the speed of the shaft of the change gear mechanism exceeds that of the turbine runner, the overdrive brake is actuated to connect the shaft of the change gear mechanism through the planetary gear train to the pump impeller of the torque converter. The device bypasses the turbine runner of the torque converter by a one-way clutch decoupling the shaft of the change gear mechanism.

Abstract: A transmission having selectively engaged fluid actuated friction drive establishing devices and an engagement timing control system having a trimmer regulator valve for each drive establishing device, a trimmer bias regulator valve and accumulator. The oncoming trimmer valve has a spring biasing device responsive to engagement pressure to increase oncoming ratio drive engagement pressure at a controlled rate, initially at a high rate up to a minimum slack take up pressure, then to gradually increase the drive pressure from the minimum pressure at a low rate in a predetermined trimming time period for establishing the drive and then to increase the pressure at a very high rate to high line pressure. A trimmer bias system pressure is supplied to a bias chamber of the trimmer valves and acts in the oncoming trimmer valve bias chamber to increase the pressure level of the gradually increasing drive engagement pressure proportional to torque demand.

Abstract: A support frame carries a rotary clock spring winding shaft having a reversible locking means. A set of variably sized spring retaining sleeves are provided and are selectively placed on the winding shaft according to the size of the clock spring barrel. A parallel stationary shaft on the support frame mounts a group of adjustable spring end holding elements which cooperate with the winding shaft during the winding up or unwinding of the clock spring. The apparatus effects removal and replacement of the clock spring in its barrel or retainer in a very simple manner without injuring the spring or the hands of the manipulator.

Abstract: A handgrip in a handle structure for hammer tools comprises a wing-shaped portion for applying a thrust force on the tool. The force of the recoil which occurs when impacts are delivered is absorbed by the mass of the hand and arm and by the resilience of the limbs of said parts of the body. To advantage, the handgrip is turned when the pressure-applying-grip is changed to a lifting-grip.

Abstract: A cutting tool is mounted on a tool slide which is movable along a workpiece to cut a thread therein or thereon. The tool is shiftable toward and away from the workpiece by a piston and cylinder arrangement having a fixed stroke length. Adjustment of the starting and therefore the ending point of the stroke is accomplished by a differentially threaded assembly which is rotated by a drive motor. Rotation of the threaded assembly produces pulses which are counted and compared with a stored count to start and stop the drive motor. Cycles of operation are also counted and compared with fixed counts, the extent of adjustment in each cycle being related to the number of cycles.

Abstract: Apparatus for processing flat strip material including cutting apparatus for cutting the material and to strip portions and stacking apparatus having air cushion means for stacking the strip portions one on top of the other. An accelerating anchoring roller, having vacuum or magnet devices therein for attracting the sheet portions thereto are provided for the exclusive transfer of the strip portions from the position were cut in the cutting apparatus in positions at the inlet of the stacking apparatus where the air cushion takes over the conveyance and stacking of the strip portions.

Abstract: Punching device for punching paper comprises a frame, a cooperating base supporting the frame, a plurality of individual punches removably and changeably mounted in the frame and an operating handle for actuating the punches. The frame is made of a single sheet of metal which is bent to form a U-shaped punch holding section comprising an upper portion, a lower portion and a portion connecting the upper and lower portions at one side and a die section which is joined with the lower portion of the punch holding section by a fold line and underlies such lower portion with an intervening space to receive the material to be punched. The upper portion and lower portion of the punch holding section have aligned bearing holes removably to receive and guide spring biased punches and the punching section has aligned punching holes to receive the lower ends of the punches when actuated by the operating handle.

Abstract: The assembly is for shearing rod sections with a movable cutter carriage carrying a shearing blade between a resting position and a shearing position. A reciprocating impact head is used to drive the cutter carriage. The impact head is moved into contact with an adjacent end of the cutter carriage to effect motion of the cutter carriage to the shearing position. The cutter carriage is biased toward the impact head and the resting position to effect the return stroke motion of the cutter carriage. The contact of the impact head with the adjacent end of the cutter carriage is broken on completion of the return stroke to draw the impact head a predetermined distance back to a starting position from which the impact head is ready to strike the adjacent end of the cutter carriage with considerable momentum upon the starting of the next shearing cycle.

Abstract: A carriage assembly for automatic face up one way spreading of multiple plys of fabric or any other web-like material of a predetermined length, which is automated to operate in a continuous manner in the absence of operator manipulation at the termination of each fabric spreading cycle. The device incorporates a fabric or web-cutting assembly normally enclosing a transversely traveling severing blade and means for automatically engaging the free end of the fabric after sequenced severing so as to maintain the fabric in a fixed relation relative to the assembly during return or non-spreading carriage motion thereby preventing disturbance or change of position of the free end of the fabric as caused by carriage motion airflow, so that upon automatic recommencement of spreading, the end of the fabric will be deposited at a predetermined position on the spreading surface which will be accurately repeated for each subsequent automatically deposited ply of fabric, thereby providing maximum fabric utilization.

Abstract: A tubing cutoff die having a horizontally moving scarfing blade and a vertically moving cutoff blade. The tubing being cut off is held in clamping jaws movably mounted on the lower die shoe of the die and actuated by a cam extending from the upper die shoe. The scarfing blade is also mounted for horizontal reciprocation on the lower shoe and actuated by another cam fixed to the upper shoe. The cutoff blade is mounted on the upper die shoe. The two die shoes are reciprocably connected by post and bushing arrangements. There are three of these disposed so that the centerlines are at three of the corners of a rectangle. One of the clamping jaws is mounted on a holder reciprocably mounted on the lower die shoe and the other jaw is mounted on a second holder reciprocably mounted on the first holder. The mounting for the cutoff block provides for either of two rigidly located positions, for different tubing sizes, and the scarfing blade is also adjustable.

Abstract: A support has portions which define a working plane and an arm is pivotally mounted on this support at one end, and carries a circular saw blade which can be moved toward and away from the working plane as the arm is pivoted. Cooperating mechanical elements are provided on the arm and on the support and are power-driven so as to pivot the arm with the blade towards and away from the working plane. These mechanical elements may be rack and pinion constructions or they may be screw spindle and spindle-nut constructions.

Abstract: A power saw for rapid repetitive and accurate cutting of truss members and the like at predetermined angles to insure tight fitting truss joints. The power saw is cycled vertically in a reciprocating mode after being set at a precise cutting angle. Cooperating adjustable angle stops make possible a wide range of accurate angle cuts. A power-operated retractable fence or work positioner and a coacting power workpiece clamp are provided, as well as means to adjust the saw for fence line or workpiece center line cutting.

Abstract: A device for shearing gobs from at least one strand of material in plastic condition, for instance molten glass, comprises two blades movable toward and away from each other, one of which is tiltable about its longitudinal axis, and the other about an axis transverse to its longitudinal axis.

Abstract: The present invention concerns anarrangement for shearing blades employing cemented hard carbide material inserts for use in shearing machines of both the rotary and guillotine type.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a waveshape generator capable of producing a desired waveshape by previously storing basic amplitudes obtained by sampling one period of the waveshape at a coarse interval and calculating amplitudes with a fine interval between the basic amplitudes. While basic amplitudes A and B are sequentially produced at a coarse interval in response to an integer portion of the input data, a function X (c) is produced in response to a fraction portion of the input data. Waveshape amplitudes are interpolated between the basic amplitudes by carrying out calculation of A + (B - A) .times. X(c) in response to these values A, B and X(c). A special form of function X(c) is also used for applying interpolation by a partial waveshape of a trigonometric function wave. An example of a musical tone waveshape generator is also described in which different waveshapes are produced depending upon different tone ranges by moving the position of a radix point for each of the different tone ranges.

Abstract: An improved pin fastener for securing a shaft to a bushing wherein the shaft has a hole formed diametrally therethrough proximate one end thereof, the fastener including a head integral with a shank and a snap ring movably and pivotally secured to the head and coactable with the shank to secure the fastener to the shaft.

Abstract: A fastening element for fastening to a wall having an opening therethrough which is accessible only on one side of the wall, comprising a cylindrical upsettable shell having a flanged end. A cylindrical inset member having a flanged head is disposed in the shell, where the outside diameter of the head is equal to the outside diameter of the upsetting shell. Between the inset member and the upsetting shell, in an end zone adjacent the head, there is provided a material-closure, The underside of the head abuts against the shell to define a closed-linkage juncture with an adjoining face surface of the shell through direct contact. The inset member is provided with screwthreads to move the head of the inset member towards the flanged end of the shell, whereby the movement of the head upsets the shell which enlarges outwardly to define a ridge or bulge which abuts against a rear side of the wall, the bulge being larger than the opening in the wall.

Abstract: A technique is provided for loading an ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (ANFO) explosive mixture upwardly into a vertical blast hole extending as much as 70 feet or more from the open end at the face of the rock structure into which the blast hole is drilled. In order to achieve adequate packing in the hole the ANFO is maintained "soft" by keeping the ammonium nitrate particles substantially free of anti-caking materials. First the hole surface is moistened with water. If the surface dries before the hole is completely loaded, the remaining unloaded length is again moistened. The particles of explosive are blown into the hole through a hose as a mixture with air at a velocity sufficient to bring about packing and sticking of the ANFO in the blast hole. The packing is sufficient to keep the ANFO from falling out of an upwardly extending blast hole.