Abstract: A cargo pallet, pallet support and restraint system which distributes the supporting forces equally over the bottom of the cargo pallet, even though the cargo load forces are concentrated and unevenly distributed over the pallet. The pallet is supported by a system of multiple ball or roller assemblies acting in conjunction with an interconnected hydraulic pallet support system to produce a multiplicity of equal lifting forces acting over the bottom surface of the pallet. Rails located at the pallet periphery restrain the pallet's upward movement and thereby introduce forces opposing those of the hydraulic pallet support system. The force and torque interactions among the areas of load concentration, the interconnected hydraulic pallet support system, the restraining rails, and the pallet structure rigidity, distributes the concentrated load evenly over the bottom of the pallet by hydraulically maintaining an equal supporting force from each of the underlying pallet support ball or roller assemblies.

Abstract: A cargo support is disclosed which is comprised of a lower horizontal member, an upper vertical brace connected rigidly thereto forming a substantially L-shaped frame. The lower horizontal member contacts the floor and is provided with a plurality of skid preventive spikes. The lower horizontal floor contacting member is additionally beveled so as to tilt any load which sits upon it in a direction away from the support, thus causing a shift in its weight. The floor spikes can be alternatively in the form of rubberized discs or the like for use on smooth surfaces. The cargo support can be used under for example, conventional pallets being transported by moving carriers such as truck, railroad, airplane and the like.

Abstract: A tie-down winch is provided for use in a vehicle tie-down system to hold a vehicle on the deck of a transport. The tie-down winch cooperates with a longitudinally extending channel that is secured to the deck of the transport to place in tension a tie-down member that is connected to a vehicle to secure the vehicle on the transport. The channel has opposed upright wall members, one of which has a plurality of longitudinally spaced openings formed therethrough. A fixed position pin member extends transversely of the winch and projects into one of the channel openings to position the winch in a selected position in the channel. The winch can be pivoted to withdraw the pin.

Abstract: The discharge end portion of a sewage delivery tube is surrounded by the input end portion of a conveyor pipe. A long, flat strip of consumable filter material is inserted through the annular space between them and into the conveyor pipe. Prior to this insertion, however, the filter strip is shaped and fastened into the form of a closed tube. The conveyor pipe discharges into an incinerator equipped with means for breaking the sewage sludge into burnable droplets. The conveyor pipe is supported over a liquid-collecting funnel and is perforated in the portion thereof that is over the funnel. A vibrator attached to the conveyor pipe oscillates it longitudinally; and ratchet teeth inside the conveyor pipe are oriented to cooperate with the vibrator to urge the filter-encased sludge toward the incinerator.

Abstract: An incinerator for burning combustible materials, especially waste materials, and for generating hot gases for use in processes outside the incinerator, includes a cylindrical combustion chamber having closed end walls and a generally tangential opening in the side wall extending along a major portion of the chamber length for admitting combustible materials and air in a sheet-like stream around the chamber wall. A tapered, or frusto-conical gas collector tube mounted coaxially within the combustion chamber extends through one end wall and terminates in an open end spaced from the combustion chamber. The collector tube has a plurality of openings to permit combustion gases to enter and flow out of the combustion chamber through the open end.

Abstract: A pulverized coal burner for a furnace adapted to be used in conjunction with a pulverizer which reduces coal to approximately 40 microns size in the presence of inert steam which conveys it under pressure to said burner tangentially to spiral the same within a fuel tube around a coaxial central tube axially adjustable within the fuel tube to adjust the relation between flared distribution and mixing members respectively on the discharge ends of said tubes. Combustion air is fed coaxially around the discharge end of the fuel tube for thorough mixture with the coal which is conveyed with a minimum amount of steam through said tube so as not to deter combustion in the combustion zone which is immediately adjacent the discharge end of the fuel and central tubes.

Abstract: A cultivating implement with a coupling mechanism for attachment to the rear of a prime mover has a row of rotatable tined supports mounted on upwardly extending shafts. The implement has an elongated frame to house the drive elements for the row of supports which extend transverse to the direction of travel. A ground roller is pivoted to the frame to trail the tined supports and interconnected with the frame through arms that have adjusting means. The adjusting device can vary the distance between the frame and the ground roller so that, in effect, the working depths of the tines are regulated. The implement is supported solely by the roller, coupling mechanism and the tines. A seed drill with coulters is connected to the implement so that seeds can be directly sown in the soil worked by the tines. The tines are configured to intensely work the soil and the roller is positioned to support much of the weight of the implement and crumble the soil.

Abstract: A sewing machine wherein the needle stitch position coordinates are controlled electronically is provided with mechanical means for controlling feed stitch position coordinates, and with means for prescribing combined needle stitch position and feed stitch position coordinates enabling various predetermined patterns to be produced on the machine.

Abstract: A dual mode backtack control system for a sewing machine is disclosed which permits an operator to select either a latched or non-latched backtacking mode of operation utilizing a single non-latching switch. The backtacking operation is initiated under operator command by closure of the switch. In the first mode of operation, the sewing machine is operating when the switch is closed, and the backtacking operation will continue only as long as the switch is held in the closed position. In the second mode of operation, the switch is closed before the machine commences the sewing operation, and the machine may then be operated in its backtacking mode without the operator maintaining the switch in its closed state. The backtacking mode may thereafter be terminated by a second momentary closure of the switch. An indicator lamp is provided to advise the operator when the machine is in the backtack mode.

Abstract: An auxiliary feed mechanism adapted for use with a sewing machine including a feed roller for advancing the workpiece through the work station and a mounting structure adapted to move the feed roller between two positions in one of which the feed roller is operative to aid in feeding the workpiece through the workstation and in the other of which the feed roller is rendered ineffective to transmit motive power to the workpiece. A plurality of flexible couplings drive the feed roller in timed relation to the actuation of a variable speed drive motor which is coupled in a unique electric circuit relationship with the main drive motor of the machine so as to vary the feeding rate of the feed roller in accordance with the machine cycle rate.

Abstract: A traveler for a sailboat having a track way and a traveler car moving to and fro along the track way and attachments on the traveler for attaching control ropes on either side thereof for controlling the position thereof from either side of the sailboat, and cleats on either side of the traveler for fastening the control ropes on either side thereof, and cleat releasers on the traveler car, being movable relative to the cleats, and being operable in response to movement of the traveler car to release the cleats on one side of the traveler, while leaving the cleats on the other side of the traveler undisturbed. Also disclosed is a cam cleat having a cam cleat releaser movable relative thereto for opening of the cam cleat from a remote location.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved deck cleat of the type that is mounted on a slide for repositioning along a slide track and wherein the improved construction is characterized by (1) a positioning lock such as a set screw, being placed between the legs of the cleat and (2) by the use of rigid threaded sleeves welded to the slide and serving to receive fasteners, such as screws, which fix the main structure of the deck cleat to the slide. This construction avoids stress being placed upon the fasteners during use of the cleat when stress is applied at the union of the cleat and its slide mechanism.

Abstract: A transportation method and a barge-carrying waterborne vessel in which there is flotation loading and unloading, with the loading being assisted by water flow from the gate into the flooded vessel and toward the opposite end of the vessel from the gate. For unloading, the water flows in the opposite direction, toward the gate. Preferably, loading is through a gate in the stern while water is being pumped out from a sump at the forward end of a hold. When barges are fully loaded into the hold, the stern gate is closed and the hold may be dried out; then the barges are secured in place against movement relative to the vessel. There may be more than one hold having at least one longitudinal bulkhead dividing the holds. There may be either a separate gate for each hold or a transfer system in which each longitudinal bulkhead has an archway providing a passageway joining adjacent holds. During lateral transfer water jets may play against the sides of the barge to cause lateral movement.

Abstract: An apparatus for launching stores from a recess of a vehicle submerged in a arine environment includes a capsule having an elongated body of rectangular cross section for enclosing the stores. A structure for providing hydrodynamic stability to the capsule is joined thereto, the capsule and stabilizing structure together being receivable into the recess. The apparatus is further provided with a first hatch for sealing the recess from the marine environment when the apparatus is received thereinto.

Abstract: A propulsion unit for a vessel of the type having a compartment watertightly sealed from the remainder of the vessel. The propulsion unit includes a cylindrical housing vertically supported within the compartment. A pump having a drive shaft is supported within the housing, the drive shaft extending into the housing coaxial therewith. A deflector is rotatably supported at the outlet of the housing about an axis coaxial with the axis of the drive shaft.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for simultaneously coating both surfaces of a moving web by a direct-indirect gravure technique in which the transfer roll of the indirect gravure system acts as backing roll for the direct gravure roll. The transfer roll is displaceable from the coating position to an inoperative position in contact with the indirect gravure roll to ensure that coating liquid does not form a dry layer on the surface of the transfer roll when the coating operation is interrupted and to remove the web from contact with either coating roll.

Abstract: A detecting coil is placed in the flow of a developer (developing agent) including a magnetic carrier and a coloring toner, which is fed by developer-feeding means. The detecting coil is shaped in a flat plate in a direction perpendicular to the coil axis, which in turn is substantially at right angles to the direction of the flow of the developer.

Abstract: Apparatus for removing dust from dielectric receptor sheets which are about to be introduced into an ionography imaging chamber for exposure to object-modulated X-rays or for developing latent images on such sheets has a drum which rotates about a horizontal axis and has a first section of larger radius which is shorter than a sheet and a second section of smaller radius which is longer than a sheet. Both sections have suction ports and grooves which can attract sheets to their external surfaces. A sheet which adheres to the external surface of the second section bypasses the upper level of a supply of developing liquid in a tank which is located below the drum and is relieved of dust or other foreign matter by a corona discharge device which is operative when the second section carries a sheet.

Abstract: An animal platform that will permit a tetherable domestic animal such as a dog to be comfortably and conveniently housed in a room consists of a flat sheet member having means for tethering the animal thereto to move only within the boundary of the platform. The platform also provides on its upper surface a sleeping station and a toilet station. The sleeping station has for example a plurality of reinforced apertures through which a sleeping blanket can be laced to the upper surface. The toilet station includes a frame by which a sheet of absorbent material, such as newspaper, can be removably fastened to the platform. The platform preferably is formed in parts which are pivoted or hinged together in overlapping relationship and movable between an open operative position and a closed, fully-overlapping stored position. In a pivotally-connected version the pivot member may also serve to attach the animal tether to the platform.

Abstract: The cage structure comprises a cage having an opening in its upper side provided with a closing device. The latter only allows the passage of a feeding device which is movable along a guide device extending down from a float to inside the cage. A cable attached to the feeding device drives the feeding device along the guide device from the inside of the cage up to the float.

Abstract: An elevated aquarium tank comprising at least a pair of superimposed spaced apart compartments or chambers, and conduit means placing the lower chamber in communication with the upper chamber. After the aquarium tank is filled with water such that the lower chamber and the conduits are entirely filled with water, and the upper chamber is filled to an appropriate level, fish placed in the aquarium are able to swim from the lower to the upper chamber, and vice versa, through the conduits. The space between the panels forming the top of the lower chamber and the panel forming the bottom of the upper chamber forms a display shelf for art objects, flowers, plants, pictures and the like or, alternatively, the space may be enclosed entirely or partially with a lattice or grillwork and form a bird cage.

Abstract: A pig nursery feeder is provided which has an overall box-shaped configuration and is made substantially of steel plates welded to one another. The upper section of the feeder which constitutes the major feed storage volume thereof, includes tapered lower side walls which converge to form a decreasing cross-sectional area in the downward direction. Feed openings are provided at the bottom of the lower section of the feeder. At an intermediate section at the upper part of the lower section, the side walls of the feeder converge outwardly so as to present an increasing cross-section expanded throat portion for promoting free flow of the feed into the lower portion and to the feeder openings. To accommodate adjustment of the openings, the slide panels are connected to hand operable cranks disposed at the top of the feeder so that the feeder opening adjustments can be made independently of the amount of feed in the feeder and independently of any separate tools.

Abstract: A dispenser for small animal food or the like, the dispenser including a base member having a planar surface and upwardly extending wall portion defining an elongate trough for tiltably receiving a plurality of unitary hopper members, each hopper member having a front wall, sidewalls, a back wall and a bottom with a pivot projection downwardly depending from the bottom, the pivot projection being generally coextensive or co-planar with the front wall. A depressor pedal member is generally co-planar with the bottom and is supported in generally parallel relation with the planar surface of the base with the hopper member supported within the trough. A cover is provided to completely enclose the plurality of hopper members, the cover having an aperture through which the depressor member extends, the cover aperture being in alignment with a hopper aperture formed in the front wall.

Abstract: A boiler having a hot gas generator for burning liquid or gaseous fuels. The hot gas generator comprises a combustion chamber unit, into the combustion chamber of which the fuel and air for combustion are introduced and in which the combustion of the fuel takes place. The combustion gases are conveyed out of the combustion chamber into a water cooled boiler firebox. A compressor supplies the air for combustion into the combustion chamber unit. A flue gas conduit, which leads to the flue gas vent of the boiler, at its inlet end, which is connected with the boiler firebox, is connected with the air intake of the compressor of the hot gas generator for recirculating a regulatable amount of flue gases into the combustion chamber unit of the hot gas generator. The flue gas conduit offers a resistance to the flow of flue gas therein, which resistance is greater than the chimney draft force present in the flue gas vent of the boiler.

Abstract: A device for the reduction of heat losses due to flue gasses in boilers of the type having a flue and which are operated with oil or gas and wherein the boiler has a heat exchanger in the flue serving to reduce the temperature of the flue gases. A heat pipe having a U-shaped configuration is disposed in the flue with the heat exchanger being positioned between the pipe ends, and the warm side of the heat pipe is between the boiler and the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A fuel reforming system for an internal combustion engine has a fuel reforming reactor to be supplied with a hydrocarbon fuel. The reactor contains a catalyst carrier and a catalyst thereon to be heated for facilitating a conversion of the fuel into a reformed gaseous mixture rich with hydrogen which mixture is to be fed into the engine. The catalyst is periodically alternately exposed to the fuel and air so that carbon produced and deposited on the catalyst during the fuel reforming reaction facilitated by the catalyst is burnt away from the catalyst carrier and the catalyst thereon whereby the catalytic performance of the catalyst is restored to ensure a prolonged operative life thereof. The reformed gaseous mixture assures a reliable ignition and combustion of a mixture thereof with air in the engine at a very lean air-fuel ratio to advantageously decrease the emission of harmful components of engine exhaust gas.

Abstract: The devices of this invention, when used in combination with internal combustion engines of spark ignition type and/or compression ignition type, can create a multiregional stratification of the intake air-fuel mixture. By use of multiregional stratification at intake various beneficial objects can be achieved including the following: reduction of engine exhaust emissions of undesireable oxides of nitrogen, improvement of engine efficiency, reduction of engine noise, reduction of engine exhaust smoke, reduction of engine cost and others. The multiregional stratified air-fuel mixture is created by a stratifier valve which selects differing kinds of air-fuel mixtures in sequence from several different mixture creating channels. The resulting multiregional stratified mixture passes from the stratifier valve to the engine intake. Within the engine cylinder this subsequently compressed multiregional stratified mixture may be spark ignited, or compression ignited, or ignited by both spark and compression means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mushroom-type valve cooled by cooling fluid circulation for an internal combustion engine wherein the terminal face of the end portion of the stem is aligned flush with the corresponding face of the valve head and forms the central portion thereof, and the assembling of the head is carried out by brazing on the stem along the whole of their interface.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled internal combustion engine with a control of the cooling medium temperature of its cooling medium circulation by a thermostatically operating mixing valve which includes a mixing chamber in open communication with the suction connection of a circulating pump interconnected in the cooling medium circulation, a return chamber connected by way of a radiator return line with the cooling medium outlet of a radiator and adapted to be closed off with respect to the mixing chamber by way of a return control valve, and a by-pass channel connected with the cooling medium outlet of the internal combustion engine and adapted to be closed off with respect to the mixing chamber by a by-pass control valve; the cooling medium outlet of the mixing valve is connected by way of a radiator inlet line with the cooling medium inlet of the radiator while the return chamber is connected by way of a vent connection with an auxiliary chamber fed with cooling medium by the circulating pump for the formation of a liquid

Abstract: A structural unit for an internal combustion engine, including an engine region (for instance, a part of a cylinder head directly exposed to the cylinder firing zone) that requires direct cooling in use. Instead of applying the cooling to the region itself, it is applied to a separate structure with a connection to the region, the section of the connection corresponding in shape with that of the region itself. Both gaseous and liquid cooling of the structure are described.

Abstract: This application discloses an exhaust gas recirculation system in an internal combustion engine. The system comprises:An EGR pipe which interconnects an exhaust pipe and an intake pipe of the engine;An EGR valve mounted on said EGR pipe;An EGR cooler mounted on said EGR pipe upstream of said EGR valve;A by-pass pipe arranged parallel to said EGR cooler;A thermosensor which detects the EGR gas temperature; and,A selection valve arranged at the connection point of said by-pass pipe to said EGR pipe, said selection valve co-operating with said thermosensor so that when the EGR gas temperature is low, the EGR gas passes through said by-pass pipe.

Abstract: Apparatus for modifying fuel, including a housing heatable by exhaust gases to effect vaporization and/or thermal cracking and a catalytic reactor for catalytic cracking of the vaporized and/or thermally cracked fuel, the reactor providing gaseous fuel for supply to the engine fuel induction system; and an engine having a fuel supply system incorporating such apparatus.

Abstract: Engine acceleration detection apparatus comprising a diaphragm unit with a first chamber connected directly to a point downstream of a throttle valve in a carburetor, a second chamber connected to the same point through a delay element, a diaphragm which is provided between the first and second chambers and is displaced and causes displacement of an actuation rod element to actuate regulation means for adjustment of exhaust gas recirculation or other factors relating to engine operation when pressure increases downstream of the throttle valve, and atmosphere connection means which renders the diaphragm unit inoperative by connecting the second chamber thereof to the atmosphere in certain operating conditions, such as acceleration from high speed.

Abstract: A disclosure describes a carburetion system for an internal combustion motor which operates wih a mixture of vapor fuel and air. The system comprises: a carburetor which is characterized by operating as a continuous injection system, and a removable heat exchanger which is incorporated into the admission system before the exhaust system, in order to heat the admission system. The carburetor is supplied under constant pressure through a pressure regulator which enables to vary the pressure of the fuel depending on the operating conditions and the behavior of the motor in general; moreover, the carburetor is provided with automatic control means to regulate the proportion of the quantities of air which accompany the formation of vapor fuel and the heat exchanger; finally, this system enables to limit the premature expansion of the combustible mixture which is introduced into the combustion chambers.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling the current supplied to an ignition coil is usable in conjunction with an electronic ignition. In one embodiment a transistor is connected in shunt with the input of a current amplifier and has a control electrode connected to a voltage divider a portion of which is in series with the coil, so that the transistor is responsive to both battery voltage and coil current. Excessive voltage or coil current causes the transistor to conduct thereby lowering the input signal to the current amplifier and reducing the coil current.

Abstract: A fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine includes an airflow metering device in the induction manifold which directly actuates a fuel metering valve formed by cooperating parts of the airflow meter bushing and the shaft around which it pivots. A differential pressure valve holds the pressure drop across the fuel metering aperture constant. Bimetallic springs are provided to exert temperature dependent forces on the diaphragm in the differential pressure valve to increase the differential pressure when the engine is cold.

Abstract: A magnetic pulser having an energizing winding and a set of normally closed contacts is connected in the ignition system of an internal combustion engine with the contacts in series with the primary winding of the ignition system coil and the energizing winding of the pulser connected in parallel with the primary of the coil. The pulser includes a spring which biases the contacts toward a normally closed position and the strength of the spring is selected so that it is sufficient to resist opening of the contact set until the breaker points of the distributor are opened by the distributor cam.

Abstract: A fuel control apparatus for a diesel engine is provided with a control lever which reciprocates between two positions under control of a motor shaft which rotates in one direction only. The control lever connects to a fuel control lever which is moved from a fuel shut-off position to a starting fuel increasing position and then to a normal fuel supply position in accordance with the movement of the control lever. Motor control is effected by relay control in accordance with the positions of a key switch, a pattern switch rotating angularly with the motor shaft, and a switch which determines whether the engine is rotating or at rest.

Abstract: The exhaust valve is provided with an air gap which extends axially of a sleeve-like member to which the hot exhaust gases from the combustion chamber passes. The air gap serves to impede heat exchange between the coolant which cools the valve seat surface of the sleeve-like member and the hot gases passing over the inner surface of the sleeve-like member.

Abstract: Disclosed is an internal combustion engine comprising a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber which are interconnected with each other via a first connecting passage. A second connecting passage communicating the first connecting passage with the main combustion chamber is further provided. The spark plug is disposed in the second connecting passage. The combustible mixture in the main combustion chamber passes through the second connecting passage due to the pressure difference between the static pressure at a position where the second connecting passage opens into the first connecting passage and the static pressure at a position where the second connecting passage opens into the main combustion chamber.

Abstract: A three-terminal module contains a relay with normally closed switch contacts and a delay circuit for the coil which opens the switch. The module switch contacts are wired between the engine ignition switch and the ignition coil of the engine. Malfunction detectors energize the delay, which eventually energizes the switch-operating coil, thereby stopping the engine. Opening and reclosing of the ignition switch enables the engine to restart.

Abstract: A projectile is propelled from the gun when a valve that controls the gas storage chamber of the gun is momentarily unseated, thereby admitting a short burst or charge of gas into the space immediately behind the projectile. The barrel that confines and controls the projectile during its movement out of the gun is itself driven rearwardly by spring action to accomplish unseating of the valve through an actuating stem at the rear of the barrel, and during such rearward movement of the barrel, the projectile is carried therewith so as to reduce the volume of the space behind the projectile in which the gas may expand before acting upon the projectile.

Abstract: A free-standing unit for heating air in a U-shaped channel surrounding a fire box having a pair of spaced vertical vents for directing the heated forced air to converge in front of the fire box opening to limit air flow towards said openings. Mesh in the vertical vents directs the forced air downward to be combined with the hot forced air from a bottom horizontal vent. A baffle plate depending from the top of the fire-box adjacent the flue port and an opening along the top of the doors ignite the gases adjacent the top and directs some gases back into the fire. By forcing heated air at a low level and drawing cool air from a high level, the air being heated is of a uniform temperature. A hood extending along the top edge of the fire box opening diverts exiting gases back into the fire box. A thermostatically controlled blower creates the forced air and cools the fire box walls.

Abstract: Solar heat tracking and collecting apparatus including a frame, means for rotating the frame in altitude and azimuth, a solar heat concentrator mounted on the frame and a solar energy sensing means disposed on the frame and operable to control the frame rotation means. The solar heat concentrator includes a substantially rectangular, flat collector plate and two pair of oppositely disposed light reflective side walls bounding the collector plate, the side walls in a converging relationship to one another. The device may also contain a triphase solar mode sensor which is operable during the full sun phase to enable and disable the solar energy sensing means from automatically controlling the frame rotation. When the sky is overcast the solar energy sensing means become inoperable and the mode sensor then operates a timer which enables the obscured sun to be accurately tracked within very close tolerances.

Abstract: A device for collecting solar heat energy in which a transparent glass or plastic member, preferably extruded, is provided with the body having upper and lower and peripheral walls with integral passages extending therethrough parallel and spaced from the top and bottom walls and through which fluid is passed. On opposite sides of the passages, dead gas spaces are formed in the body of the glass or plastic material for insulating purposes. The collector according to the present invention can be mounted in a frame and tilted by an automatic device so as always to present the device in a plane substantially normal to the direction of solar radiation.

Abstract: A solar energy collector housing having a transparent cover, and a solar energy absorbing panel in the housing beneath the cover, and including a transparent member having closed tubular air pockets positioned between the panel and the cover to inhibit convection currents therebetween.

Abstract: An active solar energy system comprising an array of solar collectors, a pumping device to circulate fluid therethrough and a storage tank to contain the heated fluid. The pump is driven by an electric motor and a solar-electric power transducer system energizes the motor, whereby the fluid is circulated through the collector system whenever sunlight is available. The heated fluid from the collector array, as well as the unheated fluid from the source are delivered to a mixing vessel from which the mixture fluid is delivered to a storage tank to meet demands.

Abstract: A multi-layered solar energy collector comprising a supporting means and a plurality of collector layers structured as part of coaxial cylinders or part of concentric spheres secured to said means whereby to absorb and utilize both the direct and scattering radiation of the sunlight to produce a high temperature thermal energy output.

Abstract: An instantaneous, automatic gas water heater for a hot water system having a cold water supply conduit connected to a plurality of loosely wound small heat exchange tubes which, in turn are connected to a hot water outlet conduit having faucets. The heat exchange tubes are each of smaller internal diameter than the cold and hot water conduits but their total capacity is substanially the same as said conduits. A gas burner is disposed beneath the heat exchange tubes to subject them to the flame of the burner. There is a cover over the heat exchange tubes which confines the heat from the burner about the tubes. The burner is supplied with gas by a gas supply conduit controlled by a normally closed solenoid valve including a gas control valve and a solenoid controlling the gas control valve.

Abstract: A foaling alert method and apparatus, specially developed and employed for use with mares wherein connector or coupling elements are forcibly separable and respectively attached to opposite exterior sides of the vulva or genital cavity, one of the coupling elements having an associated radio transmitter with a normally closed operating switch, the other coupling element engaging the operating switch in its coupled condition to open the switch, and the coupling elements being coupled before dilation of the cervix, such that upon dilation the coupling elements are separated to activate the transmitter which operates a remote alarm to signal an attendant.