Abstract: Fuel consumption is estimated by counting the number of cycles of operation of the cylinders of an internal combustion engine and multiplying by a constant representing the fuel consumed for each cycle. Rate of consumption is measured relative to time and distance. The cycles are counted by sensing the ignition spark or revolution of the distributor rotor.

Abstract: A load cell has a circular structure comprising a resilient element and a hollow housing with a projection on the internal surfaces of the walls thereof. The resilient element is accommodated in the housing on a plurality of balls supported by the projection of the housing and has on one side thereof a lug adapted to take up the load being measured, and on the other side thereof props with strain gauges. The load cell is characterized in that it incorporates strain gauges which are not adhesive-bound, including wire of which the electric resistance varies in accordance with the strain applied to the wire, the wire being mounted on the props made integral with the solid resilient element, so that the wire follows a sinuous path, with the wire being arranged either continuously or between groups of the props.

Abstract: A procedure and apparatus for determining the characteristic values of tires and rims and/or the attitude of the endurance limit of the same by rolling a wheel on a drum drive machine and measuring the forces and/or moments with a torque indicator. The measured forces are then transformed to the forces at the area of contact between the wheel and the drum. The forces applied to the wheel may then be readjusted by altering the slip angle, the camber angle and/or the contact pressure of the wheel on the drum.

Abstract: A composite tangential and axial exhaust fluid flowmeter featuring both tangential and balanced, bidirectional axial exhaust outlets cooperating with a common tangential inlet to a fluid chamber, which encloses a minimum mass of fluid and has an escalloped peripheral wall surrounding a light weight, low mass multi-toothed rotor freely rotatably mounted in the fluid chamber. The axial exhaust outlets are constituted by an arcuate shaped slotted opening in the side wall of the fluid chamber and in the cover element enclosing the chamber.

Abstract: A fluid flowmeter having a plurality of separate outlet port means therein for exhausting fluid from the flowmeter into a common outlet chamber in the cover of the pump housing in which the flowmeter is enclosed and is pluggably detachably received.

Abstract: A float for the control of liquid level, and method of making same comprising one or more blow moulded float bodies, each with an integral compression moulded tag, and an injection moulded mounting or bridge secured to the or each tag and shaped to support the float in a carburettor or other reservoir.

Abstract: Apparatus for taking samples of toxic and/or radioactive liquid substances y introducing such substances into sample vessels, the apparatus including a holder for holding such a vessel, at least one needle head filling system composed of upwardly pointing hollow needles for introducing a sample of one such substance into such a vessel at a filling position, and inlet and outlet conduits for pneumatically conveying vessels to or from the holder at a transfer position, with the holder being composed of a turntable having a sleeve for accommodating such vessel and mounted to undergo rotary movement to convey a sample vessel held in the sleeve between the filling and transfer positions, and with the apparatus further including a stand supporting the filling system below the holder, and a lifting device connected for imparting a translational movement to the holder to bring a vessel in the holder to operative association with the filling system, the lifting device being arranged such that the translational movemen

Abstract: A unitary sample-vent-valve assembly, useful in urological applications, is described. The unitary assembly comprises a sequential arrangement of valve, vent and sampling port to afford a compact unit.

Abstract: The balancing position of a wheel is designated by light signals which light up at closer intervals as the balancing position is approached in either turning-in direction. Such light signals upon approaching the balancing position include: a first signal in the range of approximately 180.degree. to 90.degree., another light signal in the range from about 90.degree. to 22.5.degree., a further light signal in the range of approximately 22.5.degree. to 1.4.degree.. Upon reaching the balancing position still a further light signal lights up between about 0.degree. and 1.4.degree.. A model representing the part to be balanced carries a series of light signals in both turning-in directions for each balancing plane provided by balancing apparatus.

Abstract: As an ultrasonic transducer is continuously rotated about a pipe which is fed axially through a water-filled cavity, it sends sufficient periodic pulses to the pipe to cover essentially the entire pipe surface. The transducer also receives reflections from the outside and inside walls of the pipe from which information about pipe qualities is derived. A thickness processor module employs precision peak detectors in various circuits, including one in which flaw conditions are compared on successive rotation of the transducer in order to verify the presence of a flaw before an alarm is indicated. The thickness processor module may also provide display information about maximum and minimum values, average values, and eccentricity. In addition to the precision peak detector, there is also provided a rate of change filter which monitors rate of change of wall information and detects flaws by any major rate of change.

Abstract: An ultrasonic inspection system for inspecting objects, such as pipe, is disclosed which includes an ultrasonic inspection probe or search unit, and the usual ultrasonic transducers and electronics associated with the probe. The system also includes novel apparatus for continuously tracking and recording operation with respect to a reference point or area, on the object being inspected. For this purpose, the inspection probe includes one or more sources of radiant energy which are periodically actuated as the probe is moved about the object being inspected, and a plurality of receiving devices or microphones located at a fixed relationship with respect to the area being inspected or to a known reference point on the area, such as a weld. The location of the probe can be determined and recorded from information obtained by receipt of the signals from the source of radiant energy by two or more of the receiving devices.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for detecting the internal cavities in a continuous casting bar in which two opposite surfaces of a casting bar delivered from a continuous casting machine are held between a pair of rollers each having a hollow portion and are pressurized at a predetermined pressure thereby, and an amount of transmission of an ultrasonic wave having a predetermined frequency passing through the casting bar is detected by means of an ultrasonic wave device for transmission and an ultrasonic wave device for reception which are provided respectively in the hollow portions of the rollers to allow the ultrasonic wave to pass through the casting bar running through the rollers, thereby to detect the internal cavities in the casting bar.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus employs a target vane suspended from a movable arm and disposed in a water bath. The transducer under test is arranged to direct its energy at the vane. An electric nulling circuit maintains the arm in its initial position. The current required to do so is a measure of the power of the transducer. An acoustic trap is provided to insure accurate measurement.

Abstract: A pair of slotted, sector-shaped centrifugal weights 7, 8 are radially slidable on posts 5, 6 upstanding from a disk 4 mounted on the drive shaft 2 of a reversible electric motor 1. A cup member 11 carrying a pinion gear 13 is rotatably journalled on the shaft, and includes a cylindrical wall 11a surrounding the weights. A reduction gear mechanism 12 transmits the rotation of the pinion gear to a pivotally mounted sector gear 16, to which a linearly movable actuating rod 17 is connected. Alternatively, a plurality of sector-shaped weights 27 may be accomodated in similar shaped cavities between a pair of radially partitioned discs 24a, 24b.

Abstract: A viscous torsional vibration damper is provided for a rotatable shaft. A hub is attachable to the shaft. A housing is connected to the hub and has an internal chamber. An inertia disc is within the chamber and a fluid damping medium is placed between the inertia disc and the housing. A first set of springs for tuning the damper are connected between the housing and the hub and a second set of springs for tuning the damper are provided between the disc and the housing. One set of springs comprises spoke springs fixedly connected at each end.

Abstract: An auxiliary drive mechanism for use in association with a hydraulically actuated clutch has a gear wheel attached to the driven or output stage of the clutch, and a drive motor driving a pinion meshing with an intermediate gear. The intermediate gear protrudes into the casing which houses the clutch and can selectively engage the gear wheel. The auxiliary drive mechanism finds application where it is at times necessary to provide a drive at a speed lower than normal operating speed, for example to tension the chain of a scraper chain conveyor.

Abstract: In an automatic power transmission including hydrodynamic torque transmitting means such as a torque converter or a fluid coupling and fluid-operated direct-drive clutch means combined with the torque converter or fluid coupling, control valve means is provided so that the direct-drive condition is achieved from the top-gear condition at a retarded timing after the top gear has been attained under low-load conditions of the engine although direct-drive condition is established simultaneously when an upshift is made to the top gear under high-load operating conditions of the engine.

Abstract: A multiple-speed hub for a bicycle, adapted to house a gear transmission so that the driving force may be transmitted from a driving member to a hub shell at a prescribed transmission ratio, is provided with a positioning and maintaining member between a control member axially movable in the speed-change operation and an axially fixed member, which is, a hub shaft or hub shell.

Abstract: A wrench adapted to turn a rotatable workpiece or tool about its central axis. The wrench comprises an elongated handle received through a bracket having an inwardly facing surface that engages the workpiece or tool. A pivotal connection between the inner end of the handle and the bracket permits adjustment of the handle about a pivot axis perpendicular to the longitudinal handle axis. A flexible loop is provided as a work-engaging member. It has one end connected to the inner end of the handle at one side of the pivot axis and its remaining end connected to the inner end of the handle at the opposite side of the pivot axis. Adjustment means is provided by manipulation of a sleeve surrounding a rigid inner handle section or shaft, the sleeve being both rotatable and axially movable with respect to the inner shaft. Radial cam surfaces are formed on the inner end of the sleeve and the outer end of the bracket to vary the angular position of the handle with respect to the bracket about the transverse pivot axis.

Abstract: A thread-cutting machine, of the type which includes a longitudinal carriage whose reciprocal movements are obtained from a first cam, called pitch cam, a transverse carriage carrying a tool and whose reciprocal movements are obtained from a second cam, called forward and backward movement cam, and means for ensuring the progression of the tool towards the work piece during successive threading cuts is characterized in that the tool progression means are formed by a numerical control motor capable of ensuring the transverse movement of the forward and backward movement cam and a third cam is operatively connected between the pitch cam and forward and backward movement cam for synchronizing the reciprocal movement of the forward and backward movement cam with the pitch cam.

Abstract: An apparatus for the perforation of tracks of goods which are transportable approximately in their plane, particularly of thermoplastic synthetic material foils, with at least one sleeve-shaped punching tool which is moveable back and forth relative to the track of goods perpendicularly to the plane of transportation and parallel to its longitudinal axis, with a coaxially arranged pin which engages in the hollow punching tool for discarding the stamping cuttings, with a carrier of the track of goods arranged on the side of the track of goods which faces away from the pin, the carrier extending crosswise to the direction of transportation, and a carrier of the pin arranged parallel to the carrier of the track of goods and extending over its entire width. The carrier of the pin which serves as the ejector of the stamping cuttings carries the punching tool beyond the pin.

Abstract: A saw blade construction and method of forming such blade whereby the ends of a saw blade are abutted into end to end relationship to define an endless saw blade having a series of teeth formed along one edge to define a cutting edge, and having a back edge which is progressively sloped or tapered in opposite directions from an intermediate point on the back edge so that in a cutting operation the saw blade effects a cut along an edge portion of a workpiece on the down feed stroke of the blade and a progressive cut on the opposite edge of the workpiece whereby the teeth are rendered self-feeding on the progressive cut of the workpiece. In a modified embodiment the saw blade is formed with a plurality of alternate disposed down feed and progressive cutting edges.

Abstract: Making insulation sleeves from binder containing fibrous material, including integrated method and apparatus features for dividing a continuous blanket or web of fibrous material into individual lengths, winding individual lengths of fibrous blanket upon a multi-part separable mandrel, heating the mandrel to cure the binder in the inside surface layer of the sleeve, separating the sleeve from the mandrel, bringing the outside surface of the sleeve into contact with a heated surface to cure the binder in the outside surface layer of the sleeve, delivering the sleeves to a curing oven in which the sleeves are advanced and rotated, trimming the ends of the sleeves, and axially slitting the sleeves.

Abstract: A sequence generator for a polyphonic tone synthesizer in which a repetitive sequence of musical notes or chords are generated automatically. During a Code mode of operation, each key operated on the keyboard causes an associated data word identifying the specific key by keyboard, octave and note to be stored in a memory. Time data as to the relative time the note is to go on and go off is also stored as part of the data word. During a Play mode of operation, the data words are read out of memory in the sequence in which they were generated. The words are decoded and the time data compared with a real time clock to provide signals to the output of the keyboard which duplicate the signals from the corresponding keys. The time duration of these signals is controlled by the time on and time off data to duplicate the required time that the respective notes are to be played.

Abstract: A touch responsive unit for a keyboard electronic musical instrument. A high frequency signal source is connected to one plate of a normally open circuited variable capacitor. The other plate of the variable capacitor being mechanically connected to a force transferring mechanism and electrically connected to a circuit means for generating a control voltage envelope. The depressive force applied to the key through the transfer mechanism causes the capacitor plates to overlap. The degree of area overlap is proportional to the depressive force and determines the capacitance value. As the plate area overlap increases, the capacitance value increases and the peak amplitude of the high frequency source passed by the capacitor increases. The control voltage envelope of the circuit means is applied to a standard keyer circuit to amplitude modulate a tone signal source corresponding to the selected key. The slope or decay rate of the control voltage envelope is regulated by the circuit means.

Abstract: A string vibration transducer bridge for an electric string instrument including a plurality of string tension mechanism provided side by side in the bridge and which are adjustably movable along the direction of the string and includes a plurality of string supporting electrode parts which are slidably movable along the direction of the string and rotatable along a direction perpendicular to the string, a plurality of independent piezoelectric transducers which each engage with an undersurface of an electrode part, and a plurality of piezoelectric transducer pushing mechanisms for pushing the piezoelectric transducers against the electrode parts whereby the tension of the string may be adjusted by both the string tension mechanism and the transducer pushing mechanism and the vibration from each string is independently sensed.

Abstract: Apparatus for converting the relatively rapid rise time, relatively long fall tone envelopes of a music source output to envelopes having relatively long rise time and relatively rapid fall time and for also varying the frequency of the tone in the nature of the Doppler effect of an accellerating source provides the modulation input to cascaded phase and amplitude modulators fed by the music source.

Abstract: A variable delivery hydraulic equipment is designed to be operated as a pump or a motor and includes a cylinder block having a plurality of cylinder bores on the same circumference thereof and a plurality of plunger assemblies each disposed within the cylinder bore. The plunger assembly has a pair of plungers oppositely disposed within the cylinder bore so as to define a chamber therebetween and slidably movable within the cylinder bore. A pair of cams are disposed in contact with opposite plungers with the cylinder block disposed therebetween. The cams each have a cam surface for imparting a plurality of reciprocatory movements in one cycle to the opposite plunger in a manner that the moving velocities of the opposite plungers are different from each other in all phase position. The cam surfaces are formed to have sine curves each having two crests and a different stroke. In consequence, the volume of the chamber between the opposite plungers is always varied.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument comprising a plurality of tone forming systems having mutually different tone production modes. One of such tone forming systems can produce a tone continuously while another of such systems can produce a tone intermittently. Further, in a case where a plurality of tones are to be produced, one of such systems can produce these tones intermittently one tone after another while another of such systems can produce these tones simultaneously and intermittently. By producing tones from such systems of different tone production modes, an intricate musical tone effect is obtained.

Abstract: An improved bi-propellant injection system for a liquid propellant gun inding a valve which is positively opened at the start of the injection of the fuel and oxidizer into the gun chamber and held at a predetermined displacement to provide a constant size propellant orifice throughout the fuel and oxidizer injection cycle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compact high speed carton erecting and sealing machine and method employing a horizontal blank feeding mechanism. Carton blanks are fed into the erecting station, positioned against a stop and vacuum erected from the trailing side panel. The erected blank is maintained in a squared position and driven through the machine by flights mounted on parallel chain conveyors adjustably positioned adjacent the long sides of the erected carton. As the erected carton is driven through the machine, the trailing and leading bottom end flaps are sequentially folded into place and then the bottom side flaps are partially folded into place. With the side flaps in a partially folded position, adhesive is applied to either or both the bottom end flaps and the bottom side flaps. The partially folded side flaps are then maintained in position by a fixed anvil as the carton is delivered by the conveyor to a set of squaring stops.

Abstract: The wasteful discharge of heated or cooled room air in a ventilating system to which a number of fume hoods are connected is reduced by making it possible to turn off unused hoods without unduly unbalancing the system and by making it possible, when access windows are closed, to reduce the volume of air flow to below the required open window level. Unconditioned outside air is automatically fed into the system in an amount compensating for the reduction in air available from the hoods when they are shut off or when flow from them is reduced. Switches are provided on the hood windows to change hood damper openings automatically to increase air flow when access windows are open and reduce it when windows are closed.

Abstract: Apparatus for treatment of pumpable materials, such as foodstuffs and fodder, which includes a container of cylindrical form for subjecting bulk material to at least a pressure and/or heat treatment. The container is provided with at least one axially mounted, radial wall disposed sealingly against side and end walls thereof. The radial wall has a shaft adapted for the supply and removal of the material on opposite sides of the wall. The radial wall and the container are rotatable relative to each other so that particles or individual portions of the material remain substantially at rest relative to the container wall during the treatment.

Abstract: A drive or drive arrangement for a movable work component, such as the ram of a punch press, stamping machine or the like, comprising a crosshead driven by a crank drive. At both sides of the crosshead there are hingedly connected one respective end of single-arm levers, the other ends of which are hingedly connected with threaded spindles supported in the machine housing for adjusting the stroke of the drive, and the intermediate bearing or support locations of the levers are hingedly connected via connecting or pressing rods with the ram.

Abstract: An imprint marking device utilizing transfer tape moved from a tape supply reel to a take-up reel across an imprint station with a moving marker head having raised indicia movable against the tape to press the tape against an article to be marked. A tape drive system includes a drive roller and an opposed idler roller. Both the tape drive system and the marker head are actuated by a single power cylinder which has power rods extending from opposite ends connected to a single common internal piston, one of the rods operating the marker head and the other of the rods operating the tape drive system.

Abstract: A sound signal body, for generating underwater sound signals, that includes an explosive body which can be thrown out or released by hand. Within the explosive body is arranged an explosive charge as well as a hand grenade detonator having a pyrotechnical delayed detonator composition. The detonator is explodable at the head of the explosive body by a hammer. The sound signal body is provided with a hydraulic pressure switch which comprises a pressure chamber, at least one inlet which empties into the pressure chamber, and a membrane or diaphragm. The diaphragm is connected with a release bolt, which, through the diaphragm and dependent upon the pressure of the water flowing into the pressure chamber, is movable out of a safety position into an armed position.

Abstract: An earth fracturing apparatus has a casing of reactive metal containing a central, double ended charge load that is simultaneously detonated from both ends; and a pair of opposed end charges at opposite sides of the central charge load, the end charges being concavely dished toward the central charge load and having a liner of reactive metal on the dished face. The end charges are simultaneously peripherally initiated to explode with a collapsing detonation wave toward the central charge load. Void spaces between each end charge and the central charge load contain an oxidizer that may be under pressure. In a modified form of the apparatus, the end charges are omitted and the central charge load alone acts as a perforator for well pipe.

Abstract: In the use of a shaped explosive charge device underwater, the stand-off and cavity chamber are filled with compressed gas which is fed into the chamber to expel water through one or more apertures communicating with the surrounding water. Conveniently the apertures remain open and the compressed gas is entrapped and maintained within the device by the ambient hydrostatic pressure.

Abstract: A rifle grenade including a delay-action firing mechanism including a striker, a detonator carried by a barrel, and a striker blocking device with inertia unlocking on shooting of the grenade. The barrel includes an annular element bearing upon a stationary abutment when the barrel is in a safety position, the abutment preventing the barrel from rotating in a wrong direction when it is released by the striker.

Abstract: A target activated spin stabilized projectile fired in a sustantially flat rajectory utilizes a pair of diametrically disposed antennae electrically coupled to a 35 gigahertz radiometer to scan a target area. Upon detection of a target within the proximity of the projectile's flight path logic circuitry of the radiometer generates a signal activating one branch of a dual out-of-line ignition system. The selected ignition branch fires a high speed self-forging slug from a target aligned side of a Miznay-Shardin type warhead vertically downward into the "soft" top side of the detected target.

Abstract: A device for electromagnetically encoding an energy passive munition prior o launch. A high frequency (HF) external energy source charges a first rectifier-capacitance circuit, having a relatively long time constant, via a secondary receiving coil. The first rectifier-capacitance circuit acts as a temporary power source for energizing programming circuitry capable of receiving subsequently pulsed HF encoding signals. A second rectifier-capacitor circuit, having a shorter time constant, is used to energize logic circuitry for programming a nonvolatile memory in binary coded bits. The binary code information is used to set a timer which subsequently causes the munition to self-destruct after launch in a time period in accordance with encoded signals stored in a memory.

Abstract: The system of the present invention basically consists of a detector unit unted in each bomb or airborne weapon and operable upon interception of a signal emitted by an aircraft-mounted source. The required signal for arming is present only in a well defined zone below the aircraft and only in response to pilot command during weapon release. The signal consists of an unmodulated beam of high-energy photons (gamma rays) emitted by a radioisotope source on the aircraft. The weapon must fall well below the aircraft to see the signal. Geiger-Mueller tubes are used for radiation detectors and the resulting signal is processed to initiate the arming or fusing sequence. Power for the operation of the detector and associated electronics is transferred through the metallic covering of the weapon by means of a split-core transformer at the time of release.

Abstract: A track renewal train equipped for continuous replacement of track rails and ties has a first train section mounted for movement on an old track section, a second train section mounted for movement on a new track section, and an intermediate train section consisting of a carrier frame and linking the first and second train sections, the carrier frame bridging a trackless intermediate right of way section. The two ends of the carrier frame are coupled to undercarriages respectively running on the old and new track sections and the carrier frame consists of two parts. A vertical pivot couples the two carrier frame parts together for pivotal movement in a plane parallel to the track and a device is provided for pivoting the two carrier frame parts in this plane and for fixing the same in selected positions.

Abstract: A railway ballast tamping tool is disclosed which has a foot welded to the lower end of a shank. The foot has rectangular front and rear faces and is gradually tapered from one side to the other.

Abstract: A schnabel-type railroad car adapted to carry very large loads incorporating articulated end units having a massive hinge at a reduced pivot location so that the weight of the car can be carried at a central location on the trucks while still pivoting about a lesser radius to help negotiate tight turns. Special hydraulic systems permit the car to be raised and lowered and also shifted laterally to provide additional roadbed clearance.

Abstract: A fire door assembly for providing access to an enclosed space such as a furnace, fireplace, duct, tank or cistern including a movable flap having peripheral portions which can be positioned flush against a wall so as to close an access opening. A gasket or seal is provided along the access opening on the face of the outer wall.

Abstract: An auxiliary memory unit for an industrial sewing system having the capability to record, in a first mode of operation, data pertinent to a sequence of stitching operations and to actuate, in a second mode of operation, the stitching sequence recorded in the first mode of operation. The auxiliary memory unit utilizes a replaceable memory medium. An interface arrangement is provided for transferring information between the sewing system memory and the replaceable memory medium.

Abstract: A device for infolding margins of a binding strip, folding the strip about a longitudinally directed main fold line, sewing the folded binding strip to one edge of a slit of a shirt sleeve or a tubular garment, e.g., skirts, blouses, fronts of pullover shirts, and securing the area where the two edges of the slit meet, by means of a seam. The device carries out the working steps in only one uninterrupted sequence of operation. The device can be provided with additional means for preparing a second binding strip and a second sleeve while sewing the two preceding workpiece parts.

Abstract: A stitch counter is disclosed for use on a sewing machine to count a predetermined number of stitches before stopping the machine and actuating the thread cutting mechanism. The counter is used in conjunction with existing control circuitry which includes a light beam generator and receiver located in front of the needle. The cloth being sewn interrupts the light beam, which allows the operator to select any sewing speed. The completion of the light beam after the end of the cloth passes, shifts the machine to a pre-set sewing speed and activates the stitch counter. The counter counts a number of pulses from a pulse generator on the machine, which are indicative of the number of stitches, before stopping the machine and actuating the thread cutter.

Abstract: A self-powered aquatic craft for moving individuals and objects through the water. A two-stroke-cycle internal combustion engine is provided with a diaphragm carburetor with an integral fuel pump which permits the craft to operate reliably in any position without flooding the engine. A manually operated priming device is employed in a novel manner to provide corrosion protection to the internal parts of the craft when it is not in use.