Abstract: A method for visually indicating the natural frequencies of a vibrating member utilizing an improved instrument strobed through suitable frequency pick-ups such as accelerometers indiscriminately placed on the vibrating structure to be analyzed.

Abstract: An apparatus for non-destructively testing materials by ultrasound and eddy current, which includes an ultrasound material testing device operating in conformity with the electrodynamic converter principle, and also includes an eddy current material testing device. The testing coils of both testing devices are centrally arranged with regard to each other in such a way that the workpiece regions controlled by the testing coils have an at least approximately common central axis. The apparatus furthermore includes a control device which in conformity with the energization of the coil for creating the strong magnetic field for operation of the electrodynamic converter is operable briefly alternately respectively to turn-on and turn-off the respective testing coil of the ultrasound and eddy current material testing device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for examining the structure of and in particular detecting flaws within a solid are disclosed. The transmitting source directs pseudo-random coded, phase modulated, interrogation signals, at a plurality of frequencies, toward the object being examined. At the receiver, the returning interrogation signals, reflected by structure within the solid object, are demodulated, employing a delayed replica of the pseudo-random code, and are thereafter processed to provide, preferably, both the phase and magnitude of the returning signals relative to the transmitted interrogation signals. The delayed replica of the pseudo-random code provided to the receiver is delayed by selected time increments to provide a range gate. Thus, the data provided by the receiver represents the amplitude and phase of returning signals as a function of both transit time and frequency.

Abstract: An ultrasonic non-destructive testing apparatus utilizing through transmission water jet coupling. Through transmission is provided along an arcuate path which includes paired exit path portions of the apparatus. Sound is transmitted through the bent liquid column via transmitting and receiving transducers upstream of the respective paired exit path portions.

Abstract: An axle assembly comprising a differential having a housing, an input drive pinion rotatably mounted in the housing and in driving meshing engagement with a drive gear rotatably mounted in the housing, the drive gear carrying a differential spider having rotatably thereon four differential pinions, a differential casing attached to the drive gear enclosing the differential spider and the differential pinions, a differential side gear also enclosed within the differential casing and in meshing engagement with the differential pinions, the internal bore of which is splined to accept an axle shaft through an opening in the differential casing, a cylindrical piston surrounding the axle shaft and splined thereto, the differential casing having a splined extension thereon to receive a comparably splined portion on the piston, biasing means biasing the piston along the longitudinal axis of the axle shaft to disengage the piston from the differential casing at their mating splined areas, a cylindrical cylinder surrou

Abstract: Adjustable wrench with two jaws for engaging four contiguous sides of a hexagonal body. The operative jaw surfaces for engaging the two opposite parallel faces of the body engage only part of these faces. The said operative jaw surface of one of the jaws extends only a short distance upwardly along one of said opposite parallel faces near the hexagon corner embraced by this jaw. The said operative jaw surface on the other jaw is divided into two generally coplanar surface portions with an interjacent recess, the operative face portion next to the hexagon corner embraced by this jaw forming a short setting shoulder.

Abstract: A fixture to be mounted on the table of a radial-type circular saw to enable the accurate and convenient sawing of the joints of complementary adjoining members of picture frames and other mitered frames. This fixture permits the sawing of the adjoining members of a frame without necessitating a re-setting of the angular position of the saw for each end of the frame members, thus avoiding angular errors; the fixture remaining undisturbed relative to the saw during the sawing of the ends of each of the members.

Abstract: A blade for a rotary slotter is constructed by rigidly securing two arcuate blade sections in abutting end to end relationship by utilizing a keying element force fitted into complementary slots extending to the abutting ends of the blade sections.

Abstract: An improved, one-piece, sheet metal nail having a generally cross-sectionally V-shaped shank portion and a head portion comprising extensions of the two legs defining the generally V-shaped shank portion which are folded inwardly at substantially right angles thereto is provided. One of said shank portion extensions will overlap the other of said shank portion extensions to provide a relatively easily produced head portion having improved strength characteristics. The extensions of the shank portion legs are of sufficient length to provide a head portion of sufficiently large area for driving of the nail and/or for providing a sufficiently large bearing surface to retain the member through which the nail is driven to the member into which the nail is driven.

Abstract: In an expansion dowel assembly, a stud or bolt extends through an expansion sleeve with an expanding body on one end for radially spreading the sleeve and a head or first working part on the other end for applying torque. A second working part encloses the first working part and is attached to it by one or more shear members. Torque for anchoring the sleeve in a borehole is applied through the second working part to the first working part and the stud. When a preset torque is reached, the shear members break and the second working part can move relative to the first working part without transmitting torque to the stud. A separating member is provided between the first and second working parts and after the preset torque is attained, further torque can not be applied to the stud until the separating member is removed. Preferably, the separating member consists of a flange with outstanding fingers which are in contact with the surface of the first working part against which a torque applying tool is placed.

Abstract: A mechanical pull type control mechanism for a load launched or dropped from an aircraft comprises a flexible cord, one end of which is secured to the aircraft via a pull-away connection and the other end of which is connected to the load. A sheath secured to the load has a plurality of channels slidably locating consecutive loops of the flexible cord and of such size as to frictionally retain them.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an automatic firearms having a rotatable drum with helical grooves therein so arranged as to cause a follower guided by said grooves to reciprocate at a speed proportional to the rotational speed of the drum. The reciprocation of the follower causes the breech mechanism to reciprocate between loading and firing positions. The drum is driven by means independent of the propulsion energy of the projectiles fired, and therefore, may be operated at varying speeds by means such as an electric motor or even by hand.

Abstract: A double armor plate construction, especially for the housing of armored vehicles, with inner and outer armor plates and with elastic buffers therebetween, distributed over the inside of the armor plates. The buffers consist primarily of natural or synthetic rubber material and have a substantially cylindrical shape. One end of the buffers is connected to a base plate fastened to the inner armor plate, whereas the other end of the buffers is respectively connected to adjacent holding screws extending through the outer armor plate. The holding screws are threadedly connected to bushings within the buffers so that the buffers are secured against movements in the axial direction thereof and transverse thereto. The bushings are provided with inner partially elastic metallic reinforcements which absorb thrust forces, especially those transverse to the central longitudinal axes of said buffers.

Abstract: A firearm has an automatic, beyond-center locking toggle action which drives the breach block mechanically. A slide actuator on the firearm responds to the gas pressure generated by the explosion of a cartridge by operating a cam action driver not only to break the lock of the toggle linkage, but also to drive such linkage with positive cam action to withdraw the breach block from the firearm chamber.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a hydraulic actuator which comprises an outer cylinder; an inner cylinder attached at its one end to the axial inner one end of the outer cylinder in coaxial relation with the outer cylinder to define an annular gap between the outer and inner cylinders; a piston having a hollow bore axially extending from its one end to the other end and closed at the other end and slidably received in the annular gap; and a locking mechanism temporarily locking the piston with the outer cylinder upon the farthest movement of the piston to the other end thereof; the locking mechanism including a locking member coupled with one end portion of the piston and which is radially movable, a ram resiliently received in the other end of the inner cylinder and having an inclined stepped portion and a hollow bore axially extending from its one end to the other end and opened at the other end, and an annular locking groove formed at the inner periphery of the other end of the outer cylinder, whereby the locking memb

Abstract: A hydraulic motor and control system therefor which includes a pump for delivering fluid to a control valve, the control valve having a Float position which connects a first end of the motor to a sump, a First position for applying fluid from the pump to power the motor in a first direction by delivering fluid to the first end of the motor via a flow path and a Second position in which the motor moves in a second and opposite direction. A conduit connects the control valve to the sump. A check valve is provided in the flow path which always allows flow therethrough towards the first end of the motor and normally blocks reverse flow therethrough and also a mechanism for opening the check valve to allow reverse flow therethrough responsive to operation of the control valve in the Float position and in the Second position.

Abstract: A fluid controller is disclosed of the type including a primary valve member, and a follow-up valve member. The controller includes a load signal port and a load signal chamber. Fluid is communicated from the inlet port to the load signal chamber, and the valve members define a neutral orifice communicating between the load signal chamber and the return port when the valving is in neutral. The valving defines operating orifices communicating fluid from the load signal chamber to the main fluid path, downstream of the main flow control orifice, when the valving is shifted away from neutral. The operating orifices have a smaller orifice area when the valving approaches maximum deflection. The result is a substantially higher differential operating pressure, and a higher flow rate than would otherwise be possible at that particular valve deflection.

Abstract: A steam engine with axially aligned cylinders. Disposed within the cylinders are aligned pistons. An inlet valve is provided for each cylinder to control the flow of steam in the associated cylinder for imparting a reciprocating movement to the piston in the associated cylinder. Power conversion means have a swash plate that is disposed between the pistons and that is rotated by the sequential power strokes of the pistons. The inlet valves are actuated by means responsive to the movement of the swash plate to control the flow of steam in the cylinders. The swash plate is formed with recessed, annular thrust surfaces. Projecting at right angles from the recessed, thrust surfaces are ribbon cams, which engage push rods for actuating the same. The push rods actuate the inlet valves. The throat thickness of the swash plate between the recessed, annular thrust surfaces is of a uniform dimension along the circumferential paths thereof.

Abstract: A variable displacement axial piston hydraulic pump or motor having a rotatable cylinder barrel with working pistons suitably connected for thrust engagement with the thrust face of a cradle supported for pivoted movement in one plane within a housing for the pump or motor to effect reciprocal movement of the working pistons in accordance with the tilt of the thrust face. The cradle has a rigid lever arm extending rearwardly of the face. A coupling pin is journalled in the lever arm; and a free end of the coupling pin has two flat sides fitted in an annular groove of a displacement control piston; whereby linear movement of the control piston transmitted through the coupling pin as the free end of the coupling pin slides laterally within the annular groove of the control piston to accommodate the angular movement of the cradle. And stops within the housing abut either side of the coupling pin intermediate the ends thereof to limit maximum displacement.

Abstract: A positive displacement pump for metering liquid chemicals and applying such chemicals into grains such as seed being conveyed through a screw conveyor, the pump including a reciprocating rod operated by an eccentric cam on the screw conveyor shaft, the pump rod having a shoulder and a stop carried by the housing to limit the length of movement of the rod, the stop being a rotary cam having flat surfaces, of varied distances from the cam axis and controlled by a hand operated knob.

Abstract: A piston rack rotary actuator, devoid of guiding tubes or rods along which the pistons reciprocate, is provided with guide bearings which eliminate or at least reduce the incidence of the separating forces which otherwise act on the racks (particularly when the pistons are moved towards one another) to displace them towards the cylinder wall and which thereby otherwise cock the pistons in the cylinder and cause scoring of the cylinder wall.

Abstract: An illumination and ventilation system for buildings and other enclosures utilizing at least one closure unit mounted in one or more sides of the building or other enclosure. The closure unit has a frame within which are a plurality of pivotally mounted, independently, movable, downwardly extending, blades. The blades are mounted within the frame with the pivot axii of the blades parallel and lying in a sloping plane when the closure unit is installed in the side of a building, or other enclosure. In a rectangular plan building or enclosure, four or more closure units should be employed; one or two for the windward side or sides, and three or two for the nonwindward and leeward sides. With this system, the windward and leeward and nonwindward closure units, will operate independently of each other and will be individually responsive to the net resultant wind pressures on each side of the building.

Abstract: A disposable unitary coffee maker is disclosed which includes similarly shaped top and bottom portions having cooperating annular flanges secured together in fluid-tight relation with a pump element interposed therebetween. The pump element encloses a coffee charge through which purified water from the bottom portion passes when heated. A fuse element prevents flow of water through the coffee charge until the water reaches a predetermined temperature at which time the heated water flows through the coffee charge into the top portion for pouring through a spout opening defined by a pull tab, a handle being provided to facilitate handling.

Abstract: A sandwich grill includes a base support housing having a vertical support member supporting a fixed die and a movable die disposed for cooperative opposed relationship for confining a sandwich therebetween. The dies include shearing elements for shearing excess sandwich material from the dies and are supported on arms that also provide shearing action for shearing the material to permit it to drop into a scrap or waste tray disposed beneath the dies. The dies are heated by electrical heating elements connected in a control circuit including thermostatic and timing controls for selecting temperature and time on the grill. The movable die is operated by a lever and cam arrangement which moves the movable die in a vertical path and then in a pivotal path for moving the die vertically away from the fixed die and pivoting backwards out of the way.

Abstract: A meat dehydrator is disclosed and process utilizing same for the preparation of dehydrated meat comestibles. The meat dehydrator comprises a circular pan member and a circular grill member contacting said pan and supported above a bottom surface of the pan. A cylinder member which opens upward and downward and has upper and lower rims is mounted on bracket means of the grill to thereby define a cylindrical dehydrating chamber above the grill and spaced apart from the grill to provide an opening between the lower rim and the pan member to allow air passage therebetween. A circular lid cover is also disclosed movably mounted at the upper rim of the cylinder member to define a top of the cylindrical chamber disposed below. The lid cover includes means for mounting a heating element to extend from the lid into the cylindrical chamber to provide the heat source for the dehydration of meat.

Abstract: A baling press of the kind comprising a pressing channel containing a reciprocating pressing plunger has a bale binding device which binds the bales with bands each consisting of two separate lengths of wire from different rolls twisted together. The binding device includes a twisting mechanism for twisting the wires together and this twisting device comprises a disc which is rotatable about an axis situated in the plane of the binding and this disc has a single finger which projects outwards from the axis of rotation of the disc and is forwardly curved in the direction of rotation of the disc in order to seize the two wires and twist them together. The inner edge of the finger leads into a slit which extends through the disc up to the center of rotation of the disc and this slit tapers in a region adjacent the center of rotation of the disc to a width which only just exceeds the thickness of one wire.

Abstract: A baling device for use in baling layered material such as folded newspapers and the like, characterized by a planar base having defined therein an upwardly opening cruciform slot for accommodating the passage of a twine-bearing needle beneath a stack of materials supported thereby; angularly configured support members removably disposed at each of the four corners of the base for laterally supporting each of the vertical sides of the stack; and a housing telescopically received by the supports including a hinge cover for accommodating access to the interior of the device.

Abstract: A shot compressor device for use in a shotgun cartridge containing shot wherein in a first embodiment or wad includes an upstanding tube centrally disposed on the bottom wall and parallel to the side walls of the cartridge with the shot being disposed in an area defined between the tube and the side walls above the bottom wall and wherein the tube is capable of being collapsed and compressed inwardly when the cartridge is fired by a shotgun. A collar for use in a shotgun cartridge containing shot having a cylinder integral with the base of the tube with an outer diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of the cartridge wherein the cylinder is disposed between the shot and the cartridge and a plurality of flaps radially extending inwardly from the upper edge of the cylinder with each of the flaps being oriented above the upper surface of the shot wherein the flaps cooperate to prevent the shot from abrading the interior surface of a shotgun when the cartridge is fired.

Abstract: A hand grenade is provided with a fuze comprising: a firing means, means luding two centrifugally-operated elements movably carried by the grenade housing for arming the firing means, means including an inertia member rotatable relative to the housing and a torsion spring between the inertia member and the housing for spinning the housing to operate the arming elements, and manually-held safety means for preventing arming until the grenade is thrown. Two disclosed embodiments have different arming and firing means with substantially the same spinning means.

Abstract: The drive means for each wheel set is connected via a two bar-like connecting member to an intermediate portion of the bogie frame or to a cross-member in a manner such that longitudinal forces are transferred to the vehicle body. Also, the opposite side of the drive means is mounted on an axle of the wheel set and is connected to the bogie frame in a manner so as to permit the transmission of transverse forces to the bogie frame.

Abstract: A three-piece dampener assembly provides means to depress vertical and horizontal oscillations between ends of a bolster of a railroad car truck and side frames of the truck. This assembly includes a control or friction shoe having an outer vertical engaging surface for contact with a vertical wear plate of a pocket formed in the side frame and an inner projecting triangular-shaped segment. The triangular segment is covered by a relativley low friction adapter and engages a like triangular-shaped wedge slot formed in a control or friction shoe housing. The housing further includes an inclined wear surface for engaging with a complementary inclined friction surface formed in the bolster and a bottom surface for supportive engagement with a coil spring carried in the side frame pocket below the bolster.

Abstract: A suspendible plant rack facilitates the close packing of a plurality of plants in a given area, for example, in exposure to direct sunlight at a window area. The rack shelves are formed by plural separated slats and the vertical side supports are similarly formed, thus enhancing air circulation characteristics about the rack. In one embodiment the shelves are held balanced by mechanical tie-downs and in another embodiment a cooperative notch arrangement assures such balancing.

Abstract: A solid fuel burner utilizing at least two stacked chambers one of which contains a combustion bed for the solid fuel burning process. A second chamber below the first bed containing chamber serves to combust volatile gases unburned in the first chamber with the aid of an oxidizing rejector.

Abstract: Supporting the forward end of a mobile frame is a rotatable drum having a number of sawtooth-shaped or beveled ribs extending circumferentially around the drum. Owing to the sawtooth configuration of the circumferential ribs, each rib opens a furrow having a sloping side and a vertical side. A plant supply tape is employed, one for each furrow to be formed, which has a series of resilient blocks secured to a nonstretchable flexible belt, the root ends of the plants to be transplanted being releasably held in the slits between adjacent blocks. A roller mechanism changes the direction of tape travel directly over the sloping side of the furrow being supplied with plants from the tape so that each slit is opened to deposit a plant on the sloping side of the furrow. A scraper blade, one for each furrow, extends downwardly from the frame to backfill the furrow immediately after several plants have been dropped therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method wherein seedlings, raised in a paper tube assembly connected together by means of connecting portions having a separating line forming the separation course in each, are continuously pulled out while separating the tubes one by one and planting them in the field. In the separation of seedling tubes, a transplanter is provided with rollers for pulling out continuous seedling tubes and other rollers for separating the pulled out seedling tubes into individual seedling tubes. The latter has a faster rotating speed than that of the former and has a cone-like shape or is mounted so as to incline with respect to the former, thereby separating paper tubes into individual pot bodies at the connecting portions, one by one, while moving the separation acting points progressively. The separating-line in each connecting portion has an unjoined separation-guiding-portion extending from one end to 20-70% of the height of the connecting portion.

Abstract: A sewing machine is disclosed wherein positioning of the work feeding regulator is controlled by a digital actuator responsive to digital signals applied thereto. The positioning of the work feeding regulator is thereby adjustable in discrete increments. A manual override and feed balance mechanism is provided for effecting continuous positioning of the work feeding regulator.

Abstract: A transmission mechanism in a driving means for the needle of sewing machines. A needle holder having a needle secured thereto and fitted on a needle guide rod so that it is vertically oscillated thereon is joined to an oscillatory arm oscillatable along the needle guide rod by slidably fitting a front end portion of the latter in a passage provided in an end portion of a horizontal shaft which is fitted in the needle holder so as to be rotated therein to some extent. The passage in the end portion of the horizontal shaft is made at right angles thereto. The horizntal shaft has a vertical passage the diameter of which is large enough to prevent the needle guide rod passed therethrough from being slided on the inner surface thereof. The needle holder has a sufficiently large slide surface with respect to the needle guide rod.

Abstract: An extrusion coater for high viscosity, thin coatings of the hot melt type, includes an elongated slot coating head across which the web to be coated is advanced under tension and includes a lead-on lip at the slot plus a fixed, unyieldable, lead-off lip having an elongated, rotatable, cylindrical rod deeply seated for about two thirds of its circumference therein and unyieldably supported on a fixed axis of rotation. A yieldably mounted, press roll with a rubber like surface forms a pressure nip with the smooth hard unyieldable surface of the rod and the rod is rotated intermittently, or continuously by power means depending on the amount of impurities in the coating media. The rod rotation is not for metering purposes but for spreading wear while overcoming any streaking.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for growing oxide on silicon wafers or silicon-coated wafers or other semiconductors for the semiconductor industry wherein the oxide growth is produced under high pressure and high temperature conditions within a reaction chamber by oxidizing gases which are maintained in a continuous flow condition into and through the chamber.

Abstract: Obstructive formations are mounted within the liquid containing chamber closely adjacent the working surface of an applicator wheel and opposite the path of one or more of the pattern-forming wheels recesss. Escape of air or recirculated liquid from the recesses and its replacement by fresh liquid is thereby facilitated, improving the effectiveness of wheel operation, especially at high peripheral speeds.

Abstract: A combination bird house and bird feeder is provided which includes a pitched top, two side walls and a back securely attached together, the bottom floor being detachable and extending toward the front to form a feeding platform with shoulders to prevent loss of the feed, the front wall being two detachable wall sections, the top having various size apertures, selection of which is provided, and the bottom section having a perch and a cover extending over the feeding platform, the front wall resting on the bottom floor and being detachable only if the bottom floor is first removed.

Abstract: The air-supply system for a fluidized-bed furnace includes two air conduits for the same combustion zone. The conduits feed separate sets of holes in a distributor plate through which fluidizing air flows to reach the bed. During normal operation, only one conduit and set of holes is used, but the second conduit and set of holes is employed during start-up.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine designed to operate with hydrogen fuel, comprises means for mixing water in the form of droplets, spray, or mist with gaseous hydrogen. The water-containing hydrogen gas is then introduced along with air in proportion for practical internal combustion and efficient power output to the cylinders or combustion chambers of the engine for combustion. In one embodiment of the invention, water vapor is condensed from the exhaust gases from the engine, and the condensed water is used as the source of water to be mixed with hydrogen fuel so as to provide a continuing, self-supporting system. The resulting exhaust emissions from the engine are very low in oxides of nitrogen, and, in addition, engine backfiring is eliminated while the efficiency and power output of the engine is improved.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the power of internal combustion engines is disclosed and includes the method step of injecting pure oxygen, under pressure, into the combustion chamber of the engine after ignition of the usual fuel mixture. The apparatus includes a source of oxygen under pressure, suitable lines leading to a distributing valve which is controlled by the cam shaft of the engine and suitable lines leading from the distributing valve to the individual cylinders. The apparatus also includes a one way check valve to avoid back feed of exhaust gas into the oxygen system.

Abstract: A fuel injection device for a mixture-compressing internal combustion engine has an induction passage provided with a main throttle element, and also has an injection nozzle including an injection head with a fuel injection opening, and a surrounding air chamber for supplying combustion air, which communicates with atmosphere or other air supply and has an outlet opening aligned with the fuel injection opening and spaced from the injection head.

Abstract: An internal ballistic engine for providing high thermal efficiency comprising a housing, a powering chamber, a ballistic piston, not directly engaged with the output shaft in the state of motion of the piston, primarily depending on its mass moment of inertia and the internal forces provided by the powering chamber, this piston is disposed in, and movable in the powering chamber, for accumulating a substantial portion of the internal energy in the powering chamber as kinetic energy in conjunction with its mass moment of inertia, such transfer of energy causing the temperature and pressure in the powering chamber to be drastically reduced, therefore lowering the rate of loss of heat to the walls; a second chamber, in tandem with the powering chamber, so that the second chamber is being compressed as the powering chamber is being expanded, whereby the kinetic energy accumulated on the ballistic piston is being converted into potential energy temporarily stored in the second chamber; means of interaction between

Abstract: In response to the input signal corresponding to the rotational speed of an internal combustion engine, a first read-only memory generates a binary coded signal indicative of the corresponding preliminarily written ignition retard angle from a predetermined angular position of the engine crankshaft, and in response to the input signal corresponding to the intake manifold vacuum a second read-only memory generates a binary coded signal indicative of the corresponding preliminarily written ignition retard angle. The output signals of the read-only memories are added together by an adder. A comparator compares the output signal of the adder with the number of clock pulses corresponding to the rotational angle of the crankshaft, and the ignition timing is determined by the output of the comparator.

Abstract: A closed loop fuel control system is described for a vehicle internal combustion engine which includes an exhaust gas sensor providing a signal having a value determined by the oxidizing/reducing conditions of the exhaust gases. An integral controller is responsive to the output of the exhaust gas sensor and provides a control signal varying in a first direction for sensed oxidizing/reducing conditions greater than a desired condition and varying in an opposite direction for sensed oxidizing/reducing conditions less than the desired condition. A control circuit is responsive to the output of the integral controller to adjust the vehicle engine air/fuel supply device to vary the value of the air/fuel ratio of the mixture supplied to the engine in a direction tending to maintain the desired exhaust gas condition. The output of the integral controller is limited to predetermined values so as to limit the air/fuel ratio control authority of the closed loop circuit.

Abstract: A reference signal with which the output of a gas sensor is compared is produced by detecting the maximum and minimum values of the output of the gas sensor and adding via a voltage divider these values to each other. The variation of the reference signal may be limited with predicted maximum and minimum values of the output of the gas sensor. The reference signal produced in such a manner may be utilized for disabling and reactivating the feedback control.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for an internal combustion engine is provided with a graduated sector on a part which rotates with the cam shaft of the pump and which is disposed within the pump casing. The casing is provided with a viewing aperture through which the graduated sector can be seen. Indicating means are provided in the viewing aperture so as to co-operate with the graduated sector to indicate the angular position of the pump shaft, thereby facilitating setting of the timing of the pump shaft rotation relative to the rotation of the engine crank shaft.