Abstract: This invention relates to a calibrated oil burner filter paper on which is imprinted or otherwise processed a pre-selected geometrically shaped standard gray smoke scale and its integral use with an oil burner smoke tester and dispenser to provide a paper record for a quick and accurate visual analysis of the smoke density of a test smoke spot of the flue gases from burning distillate fuels, and also in the subsequent determination of the "Smoke Spot Number" of the flue gases by visually matching the shade of the test smoke spot lying in juxtaposition with the most like shade of a sector of the said imprint of a pre-selected shaped standard smoke test scale.

Abstract: An apparatus for measurement of density, particularly of liquids and gases, by determination of the characteristic frequency of a tube-shaped bending-type oscillator which is filled with the measuring substance, which oscillator is connected with a tensioned body, the tension of which is dependent upon the temperature and/or the pressure of the measuring substance. The tensioned body is bending-slack (a string). A member is provided which guarantees that the deflection of the bending oscillator is transmitted to the string and the restoring force of the string is transmitted to the oscillator.

Abstract: As understood, the effectiveness of using mercury penetration or intrusion into a powder sample to measure the pore volume distribution thereof is based on negative capillarity, i.e. that a porous solid will repulse a non-wetting liquid, such as mercury, except as the mercury is forced into the pores thereof by pressure. Whereas in the prior art the mercury is intruded into the powder sample at pressures in an ascending order, but with gaps therebetween and thus according to a "discontinuous" pressure pattern, the within inventive method practices the mercury intrusion technique according to an ascending pressure pattern that is "continuous". The pore volume distribution curve produced by the within inventive method is thus more accurate than that of prior art data-gathering methods, since it is produced without interpolation between curve-plotting data points.

Abstract: A leakage analyzer method and apparatus for detecting faults in hollow structures such as polypropylene tubing and the like. The apparatus includes a hollow elongated test chamber through which the tubing is passed. At the outlet end of the chamber, a rear stop member prevents the tubing from passing completely through the test chamber as it is being fed thereto. When the trailing edge of the tubing passes a predetermined point, a rear stop member positions the structure in said chamber so that clamping means positioned at both the front and rear of the test chamber can be energized to clamp about the tubing and at the same time seal the respective ends of the test chamber. Plug members are positioned in the respective ends of the tubing and are expanded to seal the ends of the structure. A fluid such as air is introduced into the chamber and about the outside periphery of the tubing until the pressure in the chamber reaches a predetermined level.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine analyzer is described which permits analysis to be performed by attaching one sensor to the engine circuit. Timing at idle, engine speed, plug firing parade, etc., can be performed with only one sensor connected to the engine. For more extensive testing wherein additional leads are used, for example, at both the primary and secondary of the engine ignition coil, circuitry is provided for automatically triggering from both primary and secondary input signals or either one if only one is present. The analyzer also contains circuitry that enhances its use with both standard and electronic ignition systems. This circuitry rejects the noise generated by ignition systems in the cylinder ignition signals representative of plug firing so as not to mistrigger, or fire more than once for each plug firing.

Abstract: A meter face arrangement for use with a cross wind sensor that provides information indicating relative airspeed with respect to a probe, and also the direction of the relative wind, which permits an operator of an aircraft such as a helicopter pilot or an operator of a levitated vehicle or an observer in a ground installation to determine the relative movement of the air and also the relative direction of movement. The meter face is made so that the indicator will visually provide the direction and speed information from a single meter location using standard indicating hands to prevent confusion of the user.

Abstract: An electrical flowmeter having signal electrodes laterally spaced along a line perpendicular to fluid flow and sensitive to a voltage field set up in the fluid by a magnetic field is provided with helically coiled conductive windings disposed in a laminar arrangement in a plane parallel to the direction of fluid flow and wound in a helical spiral and connected to receive alternating current. The signal electrodes are spaced proximate to the outer coil windings, and a neutral electrode is provided at the helical vertex of the windings. The electrical field set up in the fluid impresses a voltage field across the signal electrodes proportional to relative fluid velocity and immune from quandrature and hydrodynamic effects.

Abstract: A fluid-flow pressure-sensing device provided with a conduit extending into a fluid flow-carrying duct. The end of the conduit in the duct has a baffle bent to provide two surfaces meeting at an edge. The device is positioned in the conduit so that one of the surfaces faces upstream, the other surface extending downstream of the direction of fluid flow. The conduit projects through the other surface of the baffle and has an opening into the vena contracta produced in use in the fluid by the first surface.

Abstract: A method and means for measuring the level of a liquid in a container. A coaxial cavity having a perforated outer conductor is partially submerged in the liquid in the container wherein the liquid enters and terminates the annular region of the coaxial cavity. The fundamental resonant frequency of the portion of the coaxial cavity which does not contain liquid is determined experimentally and is used to calculate the length of the liquid-free portion of the coaxial cavity and thereby the level of liquid in the container.

Abstract: A tank level indicator having a mounting sleeve and a floating indicator rod slidably mounted in the sleeve. The sleeve has an inner wall from which projects inwardly a series of circumferentially spaced guide pads with gaps therebetween. The pads guide and space the indicator rod with respect to the inner wall. The remainder of the sleeve interior is free of such pads to leave a substantial clearance space between the inner wall of the sleeve and the indicator rod.

Abstract: A thermometer and method of making the same with a separate joint that is made integral with the thermometer body as a substitute for the expensive and normally enlarged glass formed ground joint.

Abstract: A thermometer comprises a transparent flexible tubular outer shield, a slender solid rod or core positioned within the shield, the core having a fine groove in the external surface thereof which together with the shield forms a capillary passageway and a bulb housing attached to one end of said tubing to provide a reservoir for expansible temperature indicating fluid. All of the thermometer components can be formed of inexpensive plastic materials.The manufacturing method for the thermometer includes the steps of inserting the core into the tube by expanding the tube and forcing the core therein to form a thermometer stem, and inserting the lower end of the tubing into the bulb housing, filling the bulb housing with the expansible fluid, and sealing the bulb housing and the top of the thermometer stem.

Abstract: A sampling device for a quantitative determination of hydrogen in molten metal, which includes a material in which hydrogen is relatively non-diffusible during testing or readily soluble during sampling and a refractory vessel housing this material. This refractory vessel is sealed so as to maintain a vacuum or negative (reduced) pressure therein, and is provided with a thin-walled aspirating portion which is readily destroyed by an external pressure.

Abstract: An amplitude detection circuit utilizing a pair of polarity reversing amplifiers is disclosed.

Abstract: The loss modulus of a material is ascertained by subjecting a sample of the material to a mechanical vibration at the resonant frequency of the material. The dynamic driving force required to maintain the material in mechanical vibration at its resonant frequency is measured. Next, the static driving force required to displace the same material the same distance as when vibrating is measured. The quotient of the dynamic force divided by the static force is proportional to the tangent of the angle between elastic modulus and loss modulus of the material, or tan .delta.. Since the frequency of the material, when in vibration, is related to the elastic modulus of material, the loss modulus may be readily computed by multiplying the elastic modulus by tan .delta..An apparatus capable of performing this method includes a driving system that vibrates the sample material at its resonant frequency using a sinusoidal driving force which is 90.degree.

Abstract: A linear transducer array for transmitting and receiving acoustic waves in both pulse-echo and holographic modes of operation. For pulse-echo acoustic imaging the array includes a linear subarray of transmitting transducer elements disposed in a plane along a longitudinal axis. Each transmitting element has an elongate shape and a principal axis that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the array. For holographic imaging the apparatus further includes a removable mechanical shutter for blocking a predetermined portion of the principal axis of each of the transmitting elements so that a dispersive acoustic beam can be generated. The array also includes a linear subarray of receiving transducer elements coplanar with the transmitting subarray and disposed parallel to the longitudinal axis. The subarray of receiving elements is used to detect the reflected acoustic waves for both holographic and pulse-echo imaging.

Abstract: Ultrasonic response signals resulting from interaction of a test pulse with the structural material are recognized by dynamically tracking the noise level and adding thereto a fixed level; a response signal to be recognized must exceed the resulting variable threshold level.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for producing maps of thickness or elastic constant iations of nominally plane sheet or plate materials. Amplitude variation at a set frequency on a normal resonance peak is recorded to determine resonance peak variation and thus specimen thickness or elastic constant variation. A mechanical scanner moves a transducer across the material submerged in a water tank for performing an ultrasonic C-scan. A transmitter or pulse generator repeatedly pulses the transducer to produce a focused narrow pulse of ultrasound which reverberates within the material. Echoes from the material in response to the pulse are received by the same or another synchronously moving transducer, whose resulting signal then passes through a gate, which removes extraneous signals and selects the number of multiple echoes and thus amplitude range desired, and a variable filter controlled by a function generator which selects the desired frequency, to a pen recorder.

Abstract: A scanning mechanism for oscillating a watercoupled ultrasonic transducer, over the surface of a part containing a strip weld and, positioning the ultrasonic transducer along orthogonal paths of travel (one parallel to and the other orthogonal to the strip weld) is disclosed. Position sensors forming part of the scanning mechanism continuously provide signals relating to the orthogonal and oscillatory position of the transducer. An ultrasonic beam emitted by the transducer enters the part and is reflected back and forth between the surfaces of the part, through the weld. Ultrasonic specular reflections (flaw echoes) created by flaws or faults in the weld travel back to the transducer.

Abstract: A device or mechanism which converts rotary motion into linear motion. The mechanism is well adapted for converting rotary movement of a pulley which is driven by a stepper motor responsive to signals from a computer into linear motion of a magnetic head. The magnetic head is mounted on guides for linear movement with respect to a record. A flexible metal band is wrapped around and attached to the driven pulley, the ends of the band extending tangent to the pulley and parallel to each other, the ends being secured to the block or carriage carrying the magnetic head. Angular movement of the pulley tends to unwrap one end portion of the band and to wrap the other portion thereby moving the block carrying the head linearly.

Abstract: A flight control system utilizing pilot actuated flexible cables to selectively move a control quadrant and utilizing balanced, preloaded springs connected to the quadrant to be selectively automatically releasable in response to cable severance so that the quadrant can be pilot actuated through its full control regime despite the severance of one of the cables.

Abstract: For use in a speed change transmission having shift rails to effect speed changes, a shaft carrying a double oscillating motion - single linear motion cam, with a cam follower surface in a shift rail being adapted to cooperate with the cam to effect axial movement of the shift rail in one and the same direction upon both clockwise and counter clockwise rocking of the shaft, with the cam and cam follower surface including substantially similar opposed upper and lower cam operating surfaces and cam follower notches, respectively.

Abstract: A manually operable, self engaging shifting lever construction which is integrally incorporated into a multi-speed transmission. The lever construction itself incorporates a stiff tension spring member which is radially deflectable from its normally straight position relative to the axis thereof. Pivotally moving the lever construction about its fulcrum produces sliding movement of an input gear cluster along an input shaft means. At predetermined locations along the input shaft longitudinally, the gear cluster becomes engageable with drive gear assemblies of an output, a drive gear cluster which is mounted on an output shaft. The flexural characteristics of the lever construction permit simple, safe shifting of the input gear cluster, without the impass normally encountered due to abutment of gear teeth.

Abstract: A drive unit for use with extrusion devices having counter-rotating double screws with parallel axes overcomes problems with loading of the bearings of such units.The drive unit has an integral drive and output shaft with a pinion mounted on the output shaft. Two cog wheels or gears mesh with the pinion on opposite sides thereof and one of the cog wheels is mounted on a second output shaft. The other cog wheel acts as an intermediate gear wheel and both cog wheels mesh with an internally toothed hollow gear wheel or ring gear. By making the diameter of the intermediate gear wheel greater than the diameter of the pinion, conventional bearings can be used.

Abstract: A unit for remotely operating an element to different positions such as start, fast, slow and stop for a driving application such as the one herein illustrated for the engine of a lawn mower. The unit is made of plastic material being molded in two parts with a recess in the side of one part which is adapted to receive a tube forming a handle. A bolt passes through a hole in the part and through the tube to which it is securely retained when a lock nut and bolt is tightened. The unit has a slot between the two parts in which a lever is movable to advance and retract one or more control wires which operate the carburetor, brake or other element of the lawn mower.

Abstract: A transmission arrangement for a vehicle having a normal longitudinal direction of movement includes a housing assembly, a transmission having an output shaft, the transmission being mounted within the housing assembly, a transfer gear train driven by the output shaft and mounted within the housing assembly, and a bevel gear and cross shaft assembly mounted within the housing assembly and driven by the transfer gear train, the bevel gear and cross shaft assembly being located longitudinally between the transmission and the transfer gear train.

Abstract: In a hydromechanical transmission, low and high speed drive power trains are selectively completed in response to variation of the speed ratio between an input shaft and an output shaft. The transmission comprises a speed ratio detecting valve for detecting lower and higher limits of a predetermined speed ratio and a clutch control valve for conducting the switchover between the low and high speed drive power trains with a predetermined time lag after the actual speed ratio reaches a range defined by the lower and higher limits of the predetermined speed ratio.

Abstract: The pawl means portion of a pawl and ratchet type full stroke compelling mechanism for use preferably in hand tools and the like is arranged for translatable movement towards and away from the ratchet means of the mechanism to permit a reversal of the direction of movement of the handles of the tool prior to full opening while recommitting the device to a full closure stroke from the point of reversal, thereby avoiding the necessity for requiring the handles of the tool to be opened to their fully open position before closure can again be reinstituted.

Abstract: A system for controlling the speed of a DC motor so that the material fed to a rotary cutter is successively cut to desired lengths. The speed of the rotary cutter driving DC motor is controlled in accordance with a rotary cutter speed control pattern which is determined by the relation between the length of the rotary cutter circumference and the length to which the material is to be cut. This rotary cutter speed control pattern is provided in the form of speed command signals in accordance with a function output derived by setting the length of the rotary cutter circumference, the length to which the material is to be cut and the cutting distance during which the rotary cutter speed and the material travel speed synchronize with each other. The system also accomplishes the necessary control for correcting any error caused between the speed control pattern and the actual rotary cutter speed as well as the required acceleration control of the motor in accordance with the speed control pattern.

Abstract: A lead wire cutter which comprises an automatic conveyor mechanism for print circuit boards which conveys said print circuit boards one by one from one end to the other and a cutter mechanism placed in the path of conveying said print circuit boards and provided with a rotatable blade which faces lead wires of parts soldered to and extending beyond said print circuit boards. This lead wire cutter is used for quickly and automatically removing lead wires in the portion extending beyond the opposite side of print circuit boards.

Abstract: A machine for the trimming of a pipe bend held in a die in a machine frame has two hydraulic rams mounted at 45.degree., the piston rod of each ram carrying one of a pair of rotary cutting devices for trimming respective ends of the pipe bend. Under the two hydraulic rams there are arranged, each on a respective inclined guide way and likewise at an angle of 45.degree. in the machine frame, movable swarf or burr removing chamfering devices moving to bring their rotary cutter head coaxially into engagement with a respective trimmed end of the pipe bend.

Abstract: An elongated gauge bar bent along its longitudinal center to form a pair of longitudinally extending flanges at right angles to each other and each having inner and outer surfaces and an outer longitudinal edge. Each outer surface is provided with transverse dimension indicating lines calibrated in an arithmetical system differing from that of the lines of the other surface. The gauge bar is used on the guide bar of a radial saw to accurately indicate a dimension at which a workpiece is to be cut by the saw blade.

Abstract: A movable carriage which is connected to a smooth actuating rod for movement therewith to a desired position where it is locked to a fixed bridge permitting the actuating rod to move with respect thereto. The movable carriage or head is clamped to the actuating rod with a continual friction force which is easily overcome by the force with which the carriage is locked to the fixed bridge. The actuating rod is movable back and forth along its longitudinal axis by manual or automatic positioning apparatus. By successive moving and locking operations for the carriage, the carriage can be moved along the entire bridge while the movement of the actuating rod is more limited. The actuating rod can be a smooth metallic rod with the carriages permanently clamped thereto with a determinable friction force, alternately the carriage can be clamped to the actuating rod until the carriage is clamped to the fixed bridge. A drive motor is used for moving the actuating rod back and forth.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument includes a linear voltage divider network including a plurality of equal series resistance elements for generating a first output voltage as a function of the state of a plurality of tone select keys. This first voltage is converted to a second voltage which selectively varies exponentially as a function of the selected tone. The second voltage is compared with a ramp generator output to set and reset a latch which generates an audio frequency signal thereby. The audio frequency signal is coupled to an octave generator controlled by octave select keys for outputting the tone in a selected octave for output as sound via a speaker. Sharp and flat keys are also provided to cause the first voltage to vary in a way which emulates the functioning of a standard keyboard.

Abstract: Strings attached at one end to the body of a musical instrument are each attached by adjustable means at the other end to a rockshaft so that the other end is secured to a point of attachment on a line through the axis of the rockshaft. The rockshaft has at least one cavity and the point of attachment may be varied through the axis of the rockshaft along the line so that a turning of the rockshaft simultaneously increases or decreases or leaves unchanged the tension in each of the strings and, thus, increases, decreases or leaves unchanged the pitch of each of the strings. The adjustable means may take the form of an adjusting screw that is in threaded engagement with the rockshaft and that is provided with means for securing the end of the string thereto; and the rockshaft may have a cavity for each string, including a slot portion for access of the string and a bore for the associated screw.

Abstract: This invention consists of an improvement in musical instruments which includes an acoustic mirror for reflecting the sounds produced by the musical instrument in a desired direction or directions.

Abstract: An indicator for sensing the degree of tension in a tensile member. An indicator element defined by a deformable elastomeric member is positioned within a translucent containment wall. Upon application of a tensile force to the tensile member the indicator element is caused to be compressed and expanded radially outwardly into contact with the containment wall. The degree of contact of the indicator element and the containment wall varies as a function of the amount of tension applied to the tensile member. As a consequence the appearance of the indicator element as viewed through the translucent containment wall will vary as a function of the tension applied to the tensile member.The invention also has application in compression systems. One particular application disclosed is an indicator for sensing the appropriate degree of compression as applied to glass curtain walls used in dry pressure glazing systems.

Abstract: A rotary cutting tool for forming fluted rotors and the like comprising a cylindrical body having a plurality of metallic carbide cutting blades which are detachably mounted on the circumference of the body. The blades are arranged along a helical line with respect to the axis of rotation of the cutter body. The blades may be circumferentially spaced apart equidistant, one blade from each adjacent blade, to form only one turn of the helix and whereby each blade may be easily ground to a precise cutting edge contour while mounted on the cutter body. The cutting edge contour of each blade may be such that each blade cuts portions along the entire profile of the form produced on the workpiece.

Abstract: The specification discloses an automatic programmable valve sequencer employing a rotatable cam cylinder operating adjacent cam valves by means of cam segments mounted thereon to directly operate air cylinders or other air-operated tools.While the cam cylinder is manually advanced between steps where such cylinders or other tools are to be actuated, if a particular program doesn't utilize all the steps available, by virtue of one cam cylinder in combination with several control valves being able to automatically advance the cam cylinder when programmed to do so, the valve programmer will advance past vacant steps to the start of the next programmed cycle immediately on completion of the previous one.

Abstract: Air motor having a crankcase about which a plurality of expansible chambers are arranged so that a crankshaft journaled within the crankcase can be connected to a bellows of the expansible chamber by a rod assembly. The crankshaft moves a cam means which in turn moves a valve assembly for controlling flow of compressed air into and out of the expansible chambers. Each expansible chamber is formed by a bellows concentrically aligned and placed within a cylinder to form an annular chamber therebetween. The rod assembly is received through a guide and seal means which maintains the rod axially aligned with respect to the expansible chamber, and seals the interior of the crankcase from the expansible chamber assembly. An intermediate chamber is formed between the crankcase and expansible chamber which greatly increases the efficiency of the motor.

Abstract: An economical gas powered starting system is provided for relatively small, consumer operated implements powered by two or four cycle internal combustion engines. A low cost, radial piston starter motor is coupled to a liquified gas energy cell by a metering arrangement which charges a predetermined amount of gas to the motor, just sufficient to start the engine in its operating environment. The system and motor design disclosed develops torque-speed-time characteristics insuring excellent starter reliability.

Abstract: A loader/backhoe hydraulic system and control valve assembly therefor characterized in that each of a plurality of directional control valves is operative through an associated selector valve to control the operation of either of a pair of cylinders connected to said selector valve. The loader/backhoe herein is further characterized in that the control valve assembly and oil tank are unitized and mounted under the floor of the tractor for simplified piping and access for servicing.

Abstract: A linear piston operator having a cylinder enclosing at least one piston, a connector bar connected to said piston and an oscillatable element operatively connecting the connector bar to a rotary shaft extending transversely and tangentially of the cylinder. The oscillatable element extends through a longitudinal slot in the cylinder wall, and the shaft end of the element is enclosed in a housing having two longitudinal reinforcing portions extending along and welded to the sides of the slot, said shaft being journaled in said reinforcing portions.

Abstract: Apparatus for successively fabricating and assembling multi-cell partitions, having a plurality of intermeshing transverse and longitudinal partition strips for use in cartons, crates and the like, is characterized by providing for continuous movement of the partition strips, assembly of the partition strips in a collapsed condition, and adjustability of the apparatus for fabrication and assembly of varying sizes and types of partitions to provide desired speed and versatility for commercial operation.

Abstract: Apparatus for successively assembling multi-cell partitions having a desired number of intermeshing transverse and longitudinal partition strips. The apparatus is characterized by a construction providing for substantially continuous movement of the partition strips during assembly, assembly of the partitions in collapsed condition and adjustability thereof for assembly of varying sizes and types of partitions. The apparatus includes an elongate guide member for successively receiving the leading slotted ends of the transverse and longitudinal partition strips on respective opposite sides at one end thereof.

Abstract: A conical mandrel rotatable at a first station for rolling a precut paper-like container blank into a conical shape and having two separate, angularly spaced and axially extending rows of vacuum retention ports timely connected to a low pressure source via an axially shiftable control valve within the mandrel for vacuum retention of the leading and trailing edges of the rolled container blank as it is rolled and while the mandrel is indexed to a sealing station where overlapping leading and trailing edge portions of the rolled container blank are sealed together.

Abstract: A barbecue is fabricated from a cylindrical metal drum which is disposed with its axis horizontal. A dish made of transparent, heat-resistant glass is mounted in an aperture in the lid of the barbecue to provide a window. A plurality of vents are cut in the lower portion of the drum and fire brick is laid in the interior of the drum above the vents. The drum rests atop a scroll assembly which in turn rests atop a platform which is supported by vertically extending legs of a carriage. A plurality of turnbuckle assemblies connect the drum to the legs and may be tightened so that the drum, the scroll assembly, the platform, and the carriage are rigidly secured together. Air can flow through an interval between the drum and the scroll assembly, through the vents to burning coals supported on the fire brick.

Abstract: A spiral meat slicer is provided which will form a continuous spiral slice on a piece of meat such as a ham which has a center bone structure which includes a crooked bone of non-uniform diameter.

Abstract: A system for tracking an endless image copying or recording belt and maintaining it in alignment within a confined area includes at least three rollers with four rollers being preferred. The first roller is a cylindrical drive roller and the second and third rollers are cylindrical driven rollers. The fourth roller is cylindrical along a major central portion and flares outwardly at the end portions. The third roller is mounted on support arms which, in turn, are mounted to pivot about the axis of the second roller and are biased normally to maintain uniform tension in the belt. If the belt creeps toward one end of the flared roller, the climb to the larger diameter displaces the tape which causes the corresponding end of the third roller to dip thereby causing the belt to move laterally back toward a central position.

Abstract: A device for controlling the movement of hollow workpieces in, for example, a printing mechanism environment. Cam surfaces are locked to the interior of the hollow work performing member. A spindle is provided having secured thereto cam rollers operatively connected to the cam surfaces. The cam surfaces are identical in shape and are oriented so that a movement of the cam rollers relative thereto will effect an axial shifting of the hollow work member relative to the spindle. The spindle is driven for rotation by a first drive mechanism. The hollow work member is driven for rotation by a second drive mechanism which can be, in the printing machine environment, a frictional force applied by other driven rollers in the system. When the rotational speed of the spindle is in excess of the rotational speed of the hollow work member, the cam rollers wil move relative to the cam surfaces and effect the aforesaid axial shifting.