Abstract: An oil supply system for pumping oil to the main shaft bearings seals, accessory gears and splines of a gas turbine engine is provided with a bypass duct controlled by a valve programmed to dump excessive oil flow at engine idle. The valve diverts oil flow from the bearings to prevent a build-up therein. A check valve is placed in the main supply line to the bearings and is designed to stop oil flow after engine shutdown.

Abstract: A gas turbine unit comprising an expansion turbine, a compressor and a turbine engine arranged in sequence on a common shaft. The rotor element of the expansion turbine comprises fan blades having a straight non-curved profile. Guide vanes are provided upstream of the expansion turbine to form a throttling device for controlling the flow of air to the expansion turbine. The guide vanes are adjustable relative to the blades of the expansion turbine to deflect the air to vary the throttling effect to cause the expansion turbine to operate alternately as a compressor and a turbine in response to the adjustment of the guide vanes.

Abstract: A "caseless" rocket having a solid propellant grain body which as a result of its shape and surface burning creates, in effect, an outer case or barrier formed by the surrounding airstream and the burning propellant. An exhaust "nozzle" is generated as an annulus in which the air stream serves as one surface while the propellant grain serves as the other. Stores or a payload are enclosed within the propellant body.

Abstract: A drive system for use in a press in which a pneumatic cylinder and hydraulic pressure transformer are coupled together and connected by separate valves to respective gas and hydraulic sources. The valves are controlled by position transducers arranged along the path of movement of the output member of the transformer.

Abstract: In a reservoir assembly for a tandem master cylinder of a hydraulic braking system the container is separated into compartments by at least one baffle passages being provided for permitting limited communication between the compartments past the baffle. The arrangement is such that when the container is installed in a vehicle and the brakes are applied, the tendency of fluid to transfer from one compartment to another is resisted. The arrangement also ensures that even under the worst conditions of deceleration and altitude of the vehicle there will be a sufficient volume of fluid in the compartments to cover outlets to the master cylinder and thus sustain subsequent brake application.

Abstract: An energy conversion system for deriving useful power from the thermal gradients in the ocean, or from solar, geothermal, or other sources of low level heat, by using warm water to heat a confined working gas such as air whereby a pressure increase results due to warming the gas, arranging so that the expansion moves a piston or other device to extract power, and then cooling the gas and compressing it back to initial conditions while directly or indirectly contacting it with cooler water to thereby decrease the work needed for recompression. Net useful work results from the difference between the work of expansion at higher temperature and the work of recompression at lower temperature.

Abstract: In a thermal power station installation the waste heat of the last stage is utilized by storing the cooling water which receives this waste heat, and heating it further during the periods during which the installation is not on full load, whereafter it is supplied to the grid of a remote area heating system.

Abstract: A window type air conditioner having a movable shield member installed on the air conditioner outer case at the rear radiator compartment portion thereof, to either block the ventilation passageways provided at the rear portion when the air conditioner is not in use, or to admit air to the air conditioner when the air conditioner is in use. The shield member can be either slidably, pivotably or rollably moved relative to the air conditioner ventilation passageways, and can be manually or electrically actuated.

Abstract: Crystallizable liquid solutions (i.e. solutions with crystallizable solvents) are concentrated by passing them between two cooled surfaces in a direction transverse to the action of gravity, the crystals being removed from the liquid substantially continuously over the entire length of the path. The surfaces are vibrated to prevent accumulation of crystals.

Abstract: An agitator for a vertical axis washing machine and for effecting uniform, repetitive oscillations about the machine axis has upper, lower and middle portions with different degrees of lost motion so that the agitator can achieve multiple stroke lengths and so relative motion can be effected between the vanes and the skirt, for example, because of different stroke lengths.

Abstract: A plurality of jet gun bars are spaced apart along the path of travel of a textile material and responsive to pattern data to form patterns on the material. Each gun bar stores and supplies different color dyestuff to color the material. A computer, on each periodic request, supplies pattern data to a predetermined number of gun bars, thereby providing dyestuff to different pattern lines for each request. During a change from printing one pattern to printing another different pattern, for each such request the computer provides data for the other pattern to a first predetermined number of gun bars and data for the one pattern to a second predetermined number of gun bars subsequent to the first number, thereby simultaneously completing the printing of the one pattern and starting the printing of the other pattern.

Abstract: Permutation and key-operated padlock having a driver tumbler formed integrally with its tumbler post. The tumbler post extends through the top face of the padlock casing and is retained to the dial knob for dialing the tumblers by a spinning operation to form an integral dial knob and tumbler post assembly which cannot be removed from the casing by unauthorized efforts to release the shackle. The permutation mechanism includes the driver tumbler and driven tumblers freely rotatable on the tumbler post and biased into engagement with each other. A spindle for the driven tumblers extends within the tumbler post and the driver and driven tumblers have the usual axially extending driver lugs to rotate said tumblers upon movement of the driver tumblers to the correct combination numbers and align radially extending slots in the tumblers to receive a tongue from a rocker carrying a latch bolt and accommodate release movement of said rocker and release of the latch bolt from the shackle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a locking device for locking bypassing sliding doors having support frames positioned in close proximity when the doors are translated to a position for locking. A locking arm is carried by one of the support frames and locking means are carried by the other support frame and are slidably engagable with the locking arm when the supports are in close proximity, thereby locking the doors.

Abstract: A replacement housing and plug adapted to substitute a key-operated housing, plug and tumblers in an existing tumbler lock without extensive modification of an existing installation in a door, thereby reducing the possibility of mechanical picking of the tumblers which are thereby eliminated. The combination tumblers are disposed for rotation about an axis corresponding to the axis of the substituted plug, and a resiliently urged locking bar is positioned above the tumblers to drop into tumbler engaging position when the proper combination has been obtained, thereby interconnecting a dial member with a lock opening means for transmitted motion from the former to the latter.

Abstract: Disclosure is made of an inductor for working metals by the pressure of a pulsating magnetic field, which comprises a magnetic field concentrator with an insulating slot. The concentrator has a cylindrical surface, whereon there is arranged a winding which induces eddy currents in the concentrator, and a surface, whereon there are concentrated eddy currents which induce eddy currents in the workpiece. The concentrator is provided with a conducting compensation rod overlapping the insulating slot, which rod is insulated from the concentrator and received in an opening extending along the slot in immediate proximity to that surface of the concentrator where there are induced eddy currents which induce eddy currents in the workpiece. The proposed inductor design makes it possible to produce a uniform magnetic field which, in turn, produces electrodynamic forces that work a blank so as to improve the quality of products, as compared to conventional working techniques.

Abstract: In an apparatus for spin-forming a drop-center wheel rim which includes axially reciprocable head and tail stock sections, a centrifugally actuated clamp is mounted on the tail stock section and is adapted to engage an internal groove in the head stock section as the sections are conjointly rotated to prevent axial movement therebetween during the high-speed spin-forming operation.

Abstract: Upon roll-forming an end plate of hemispherical and other cup-like or dish-like configurations, a raw material disc is placed between outer die means consisting of a top outer forming die that can be vertically moved by a drive source and can be freely rotated and at least a pair of left and right outer forming rolls adapted to move along predetermined moving paths and inner die means consisting of a top inner forming die held at a predetermined position that can be driven in rotation by a drive source, and a middle inner forming roll a bottom inner roll both of which are freely rotatable, the outer die means is depressed against the inner die means, and said pair of outer forming rolls are moved along said moving paths so as to press said raw material disc against the middle inner forming roll and the bottom inner forming roll, respectively, one of said outer forming rolls being moved within an effective forming range of the middle inner forming roll, while the other being moved within an effective forming r

Abstract: A punch and die assembly for use in the production of heat exchanger fins comprising: a fixed lower tool holder including an ironing punch having the same dimension as a predetermined flanged aperture, and a movable upper tool holder having a die matching said ironing punch, wherein said punch is allowed to displace horizontally and can always be held concentrically to the die without requiring any particular adjustment and whereby uniform products can be continuously obtained.

Abstract: Calibration apparatus for verifying the position and orientation of transducers used in nuclear reactor vessel inspection apparatus is disclosed. A tank, filled with water, the operating inspection medium, is fitted with a movable mounting assembly adapted to securely accommodate a transducer and the mounting assembly in which it is normally secured during an inspection procedure. The tank is also provided with a slidably mounted target positioned therein at a predetermined distance from the target which is selected to avoid the distortion effects in the near field of the transducer response. The calibration apparatus can be used to check the normal transducer mounting for either perpendicularity or angular orientation by moving the tank's mounting assembly via a lead screw with which it is threadingly engaged.

Abstract: The mean molecular velocity or molecular weight of an unknown gas is determined by admitting the gas at a constant flow rate into an evacuated chamber of known volume, the gas being permitted to escape through a first flow cross section in a Knudsen flow. After a first steady state is reached, the gas density is measured and then a second flow cross section is opened between the evacuated chamber and a low-pressure zone. The measurement is repeated and the difference between the two values obtained and the gradient of the measurement is used to calculate the mean molecular velocity and the molecular weight.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for correcting errors in a chromatographic analysis wherein the trailing edge of a strong peak interferes with the integration of the trailing peak which follows the strong peak. In one embodiment of the invention two functions of the trailing peak are electrically integrated and summed to produce a correct peak integration. In a second embodiment of the invention the baseline is shifted and the integration of the trailing peak is performed with respect to the shifted baseline to produce a correct peak integration.

Abstract: In order to determine the density of a test gas, the test gas is employed as the working fluid through an astable fluidic oscillator. Air, at the same temperature and pressure, is passed through the same or a like fluidic oscillator to obtain a second pulse repetition frequency reading. The density of the test gas is the ratio of the two pulse repetition frequencies. Preferably, for a given fluidic oscillator, graphs and/or tables are prepared giving the pulse repetition frequency of air at different temperatures and pressures in order that subsequent measurement of the pulse repetition frequency using a test gas will permit direct determination of the specific gravity of the test gas from a graph or table.

Abstract: An oncotic pressure measurement cell which comprises a transparent plastic upper sample chamber and a lower metallic reference chamber into which the lower, threaded ends of vertical clamping rods are anchored. The upper chamber has vertical passageways through which the rods are passed. The lower metallic reference chamber is coupled, in use, to an appropriate pressure transducer. An aperture is formed in the top of the reference chamber which communicates with the interior of the reference chamber and is covered with a semi-permeable membraneous disc made of plastic. A nylon washer is placed over the disc to retain it in place thereby producing a semi-permeable barrier between the chambers. After this upper chamber is moved downwardly with the clamping rods passing through the passageways, thumb nuts are screwed onto the upper ends of the rods thereby forcing the upper chamber downwardly and pressing the nylon washer tightly against the semi-permeable disc.

Abstract: In some helicopters power is transmitted from a gearbox adjacent the engine to the tail rotor by a long shaft. To minimize weight, a tubular shaft is used, which rotates at supercritical speeds. Vibrations resulting from shaft unbalance are magnified by resonance as the shaft passes through its critical speeds making it essential that the shaft be finely balanced. This is accomplished by slowly rotating the shaft about its axis while measuring at a chosen station along its length both the wall thickness of the tubular shaft and the distance from a fixed reference plane to the outer surface of the shaft. From these data are determined the local cross sectional area and the location of the center of gravity at the chosen station. From the latter two quantities are determined both the amount of counterweight required and its required angular location around the shaft, for the chosen station. The measurements are repeated at a large number of stations along the shaft.

Abstract: A tensioned helical wire for use as a displacement sensor. The sensor made of high strength piano wire is attached at its ends to two anchors which in turn are attached to or are a part of the object or objects to be tested. In the preferred embodiment the sensor has straight ends which are attached to two small anchor blocks. These blocks are then attached to the test object. The displacement range and sensitivity of the sensor can be controlled by the initial geometry selected. If an initial tension applied is small, the sensor has a very large response range that is about fifty times that of a straight wire sensor. If a large initial tension is applied, the helical shape approaches that of a straight sensor and has a displacement range only a few times that of a straight wire sensor. If the sensor has a large displacement range, the sensitivity is much less than that of a straight wire sensor and if the sensor has a small range the sensitivity is comparable to that of the straight wire sensor.

Abstract: A wave maker which is capable of absorbing waves impinging thereon which comprises a displacer which can be moved back and forth by a motive means to create the waves, and which includes a control system which senses the reaction between the water and displacer and effects a control on the motive means bringing the displacer force and velocity into phase, or substantially so, enabling the wave maker thereby capable of absorbing waves impinging thereon.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the speed of a gas stream, particula suitable for use in detecting wind speed, utilizes the gas flow to create a negative pressure across a pressure sampling port oriented with its axis substantially perpendicular to the gas flow, the negative pressure being created by accelerating the gas flow stream lines over a surface of revolution containing the port. The negative pressure is compared with a reference pressure by means of a pressure transducer whereby the transducer output is representative of the speed of the gas. In a preferred form, the apparatus comprises a first pressure probe in the form of a sphere mounted on a tube projecting axially from a hollow cylindrical cup-like member with the sampling port formed in the base of the sphere and the cup-like member forming a second pressure probe with a pressure tapping internally of the cup providing the source of reference pressure.

Abstract: A rotary sampler for taking quality control samples from a falling stream of material is disclosed. The sampler includes an impeller which is driven by the falling material. As the impeller turns a hollow collector blade moves through the falling stream. Material within the stream is diverted through the hollow collector blade to a central collector tube. The device includes means for controlling the frequency of sampling.

Abstract: A sorption tube atmospheric sampling system having a sorption tube, a vacuum pump and a flow meter. The sorption tube is made of a hollow elongated tubular-shaped element of rigid, non-corrosive material having a pair of mesh filters located at each end thereof and the sorbent material located therebetween. After the sampling operation has been completed, analysis of the collected pollutants within the sorption tube is accomplished by means of a conventional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis in which Helium is passed through the sorption tube while the tube is located within a uniquely designed thermal desorption block. The desorption block is configurated so as to encompass the sorption tube during utilization thereof. As a result, it is now possible to utilize the same sorption tube for both the sampling and desorption operation.

Abstract: A pipeline inspection vehicle for inspecting the internal wall of a pipeline wherein the vehicle is provided with a speed control system energized by hydraulic and turbine power obtained from pumps driven by wheels which are in engagement with the pipeline wall.

Abstract: An apparatus for balancing of blade sets for a cutter with the blade sets including at least one cutter blade provided with a carrier bore having a hexagonal profile. The cutter blades are provided with at least one clamping set having at least one compensating ring which is held to be rotatable about an axis of rotation of the carrier bore of the cutter blades and which has a mass distribution which is asymmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation of the carrier bore. A holding fixture is provided for the cutter blades and the clamping set with a support, fastened to a fixed support structure, having the holding fixture mounted thereon. The holding fixture is adjustable to accommodate carrier bores having differing hexagonal profiles and a marking stop is attached to the support, which marking stop is adjustable in a radial direction with respect to a rotary axle connected to the holding fixture.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to an improved system for sensing and compensating for external disturbance forces acting on a satellite while in orbit. A proof mass member is housed within an enclosure and shielded from external, non-gravitational forces. The proof mass is electromagnetically levitated to move in a purely gravitational orbit, along an axis aligned with the satellite's velocity vector. The proof mass is subjected to a controlled magnetic biasing field and is caused to have a constant reaction to the resultant biasing force, by means of a thermal control system which maintains constant resistivity of the proof mass, during operation. The position of the proof mass with respect to its axis is detected optically and is utilized to control the firing of spacecraft thrusters. As a result, the satellite is caused to maintain a substantially constant position relative to the proof mass and thereby also is caused to follow a purely gravitational orbit.

Abstract: A reversing gear connecting a gas turbine to a propulsion shaft includes a big-diameter first gear wheel rotatable with the propulsion shaft and two pinions meshing therewith. There are further two intermeshing gears, one aligned with each of the pinions. One of the pinions has a through bore, permitting the passage of the output shaft from the turbine, a two-way clutch between this first pinion and its aligned gear, to connect, at will, last mentioned gear to the output shaft, or said shaft to the first pinion, the other pinion and its aligned gear being permanently interconnected.

Abstract: This invention provides a wire skinning machine for skinning the insulation of inner conductors of multi-wire cables. A machine embodying the invention has three main advantages. First of all uniformity. The use of the invention ensures that all cables and wires are cut and skinned uniformly. Secondly there are two speed advantages one that the machine can prepare more skinned wires of a single cable more accurately and in less time than manually and that the machine is able to handle a large number of cables at one time. To do this the invention provides in combination a means for clamping multi-wire cables a means for fanning the inner conductors into a single layer in approximately parallel relationship, means for cutting the conductors to length and means for cutting the plastic insulation surrounding individual conductors and finally further means for sliding the cut end portion of the insulation off the inner metallic core.

Abstract: An open-head power tong having an access door is provided with an improved door-interlock mechanism which ensures that the door is closed before the power tong can be operated. The interlock mechanism includes a pneumatically actuated contact valve connected to a pneumatically piloted hydraulic diverter valve which is operably associated with the hydraulic motor that drives the tong. The contact valve is so positioned on the tong such that the door when moved to its closed position engages the contact valve causing the flow of pneumatic pressure to the diverter valve to position the same so as to permit hydraulic fluid to flow to the hydraulic motor for operation of the power tong. When the door is in its open position, out of engagement with the contact valve, the contact valve relieves the pressure on the diverter valve thus positioning the diverter valve to divert the flow of hydraulic fluid around the hydraulic motor whereby the operation of the power tong is stopped.

Abstract: An open-head power tong having a bifurcated frame defining a central opening and a side opening, a rotatably supported ring having a side opening and which carries releasable pipe engaging jaws that move into and out of the central opening, and a reversible hydraulic motor for driving the ring and the jaws therewith to respectively engage and rotate a pipe in a clockwise and a counterclockwise direction during respective make-up and break-out of a drill string, is provided with a pneumatically operated indexing mechanism which automatically aligns the side openings of the frame and the ring after the termination of a make-up or break-out operation such that a drill pipe, located within the central opening, is permitted to be passed laterally therethrough so as to allow the removal of the tong from the drill string.

Abstract: In a tool holder for retaining an Allen or socket wrench, or the like, during the application of manual force to the holder, the holder includes a socket being forwardly disposed and provided for reception of one of the aforementioned wrenches, the socket is rotatably held within a socket control housing, with the control being pivotally mounted to a clevis integrally formed at the forward end of the handle. In another embodiment, the handle integrally surrounds the socket control housing so as to provide a direct hold upon the tool holder. The socket control of each embodiment contains a serrated sleeve therein, with said sleeve being pressure fitted within the control, the interior of the sleeve forming a ratchet, and which ratchet acts upon a shiftable pawl provided in the downward portion of the socket, thereby providing a positive female drive for the tool holder upon any wrench held by the same.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing a supply of angle irons or like elongated members. A dispensing magazine includes a pair of side walls and a bottom wall, the magazine being pivotal about a horizontal axis for movement from a first operating position where the walls are generally vertical to a second loading position where the walls are generally horizontal. The angle irons in the vertical stack with the side walls in the first position are moved upwardly as the top angle iron is removed, so that the top angle iron in the vertical stack is always substantially at the same vertical level. An ejecting cylinder or the like is provided for pushing the top angle iron from the vertical stack off of the stack when the magazine is in the first position.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed and claimed herein for cutting logs into predetermined lengths with primary use in a hardwood veneer plant. A log conveyor is provided, preferably in two sections, with a cutting station located therebetween. The cutting station is equipped with a pivotally operated chain saw or circular saw which cuts the logs as desired. A log clamp means is provided immediately adjacent the cutting station to engage the log on two sides, preferably top and bottom, with the diameter of the log being irrelevant within wide ranges. When a log is first clamped, the cutting saw passes to square off the forward end of same. Located downstream of the cutting station are a plurality of individually operated log stops that are located in the path of travel of the log moving along the conveyor. A particular stop, depending upon the length of log cut desired, is actuated to move into the path of log travel.

Abstract: A band saw machine is provided with a cutting head that carries the endless saw blade. The cutting head can be swung from a vertical cutting plane into a horizontal cutting plane. Limits can be made in the feeding stroke of the cut and the return travel. A workpiece feeding and clamping vice is rotated about a horizontal axis. The combined positioning capability of the band saw blade and the workpiece vice allows difficult compound angular cuts to be made in the workpiece. The endless run of the blade is angled upwardly and outwardly away from the workpiece to provide additional clearance for cutting deep workpieces. Powered feed rolls advance the workpiece against a gauging stop to determine a predetermined length to be cut. The vice is then closed to hold the workpiece during cutting. Supplemental supports hold the rearward end of the workpiece during feeding and cutting. Blade guides are spaced for accomodating both small and large width blades.

Abstract: A strand cutting mechanism having a pair of freely rotatable cutting discs mounted on a cutting head on opposite sides of a generally V-shaped guide notch, said cutting discs cooperating to cut strand guided into said guide notch before it reaches the apex of the guide notch.

Abstract: A chewing gum dispenser is described wherein a rectangular box having a top, a bottom, two sides, a front and a rear end is dimensioned to contain a plurality of sticks of gum when the sticks of gum are stacked one upon another within the interior of the box. The front end of the box has a slot extending from one side of the box to the other side adjacent to the top of the box. The box has an elongated hole in its top surface and a spring attached to the bottom of the box and extending within the interior of the box toward the top surface. The spring urges sticks of gum within the box toward the top such that the uppermost stick of gum fits against the inside of the top of the box resulting in a portion of the top stick of gum being exposed through the elongated hole. By frictionally engaging the top stick of gum with a finger inserted through the elongated hole the top stick of gum can be partially pushed out of the box through the slot.

Abstract: In a horizontal bandsaw machine of the type having a base with a worktable for supporting a material, and a cutting head assembly carrying a cutting blade which is operable at varying speeds and which is arranged to perform a cutting operation on the material, the cutting head assembly being movable in one direction away from the material by a fluid-actuated mechanism fed by a pump from a fluid reservoir, and being movable in the opposite direction by means of gravity when feeding the cutting blade into the material, a control system for controlling the movement of the cutting head assembly in the aforesaid opposite direction, comprising a plurality of control valves and associated conduits for returning hydraulic fluid from the fluid actuated mechanism to the reservoir during movement of the cutting assembly in its opposite direction, the control valves being responsive in part to changes in the operating speed of the cutting blade.

Abstract: A touch operated capacitive switch for altering electrical signals controlling the mode of operation of an electronic musical instrument. The switch comprises a thin laminate having a non-conducting lamina sandwiched between a conducting touch electrode and a conducting guard electrode, each electrode having an electrical connector for connecting the switch to alternating electrical signals having substantially the same phase and amplitude to reduce the capacitance between the touch electrode and points of ground potential located in or on the instrument for increasing the sensitivity of the switch. The switch is non-conductively secured to the instrument with the guard electrode facing the instrument, such that the capacitance of the switch may be altered by touching the touch electrode.

Abstract: In one embodiment a musical instrument, having a plurality of strings, a plurality of frets situated transverse to the strings and playable as with a cylindrical steel bar member slidably positionable along and against said strings, has an elongated mirror positioned generally parallel to the strings and generally perpendicular to the frets as to provide a visual indication to the player as to how accurately the player has positioned the steel bar member with respect to a selected fret; in another embodiment of the invention, the steel bar member itself carries a mirror surface thereby enabling the said elongated mirror to be dispensed with.

Abstract: A nut or bolt which requires a special tool for its removal. The engaging elements of the nut or bolt and the manipulating tool consisting of matching spline ways and pins which function as splines, the matching elements being arranged in random pattern.

Abstract: Blind fastening means for fastening thin materials together without crushing them. Such means comprises a blind rivet sleeve, a blind rivet pin provided with a head to engage the blind end of the sleeve, and spacing means provided intermediate the blind end of the sleeve and the head thereof. As the head of the pin is drawn against the blind end of the sleeve an enlarged blind head forms at the blind side of the materials being fastened while the spacer means engages the interior side of the uppermost of the materials being fastened whereby to prevent crushing of such materials. In one instance the spacer means comprises a spacer sleeve. In a modification the spacer means comprises a second enlarged blind head. The various enlarged blind heads may be achieved in several ways.

Abstract: Blind fastening means for fastening thin materials together without crushing them. Such means comprises a blind rivet sleeve, a blind rivet pin provided with a head to engage the blind end of the sleeve, and spacing means provided intermediate the blind end of the sleeve and the head thereof. As the head of the pin is drawn against the blind end of the sleeve an enlarged blind head forms at the blind side of the materials being fastened while the spacer means engages the interior side of the uppermost of the materials being fastened whereby to prevent crushing of such materials. In one instance the spacer means comprises a spacer sleeve. In a modification the spacer means comprises a second enlarged blind head. The various enlarged blind heads may be achieved in several ways.

Abstract: A braided rope construction comprising a plurality of singles yarns twisted together to form a plurality of plied yarns which are then braided, with the helical angle of twist of the singles yarn within their respective plied yarn being equal and opposite to the helical angle of the plied yarns in the braid, whereby the singles yarns extend substantially parallel to the axis of said rope.

Abstract: An ignitor for a liquid propellant gun having a center electrode supported nd surrounded by insulation so that only a planar or domed face is exposed. The assembly is firmly seated in the bolt nose of the gun and several outer electrode configurations with little or no precombustion area are disclosed.