Abstract: A switching circuit of the type including a plurality of differential amplifiers on an IC chip and having a linear operating range about a bias point, having an operational amplifier connected as a comparator and coupled to an input thereof to receive a modulating signal, one input of the comparator being connected to the bias point so that the output thereof applied to the switching circuit varies about the bias point within the linear range of the switching circuit, and means coupling the signal to be modulated to a second input of the switching circuit so that the signal is bi-phase modulated by the modulating signal with substantial carrier suppression and significantly reduced harmonics.

Abstract: A tone control circuit using only one potentiometer to provide bass or treble control is described. An integrator and a differentiator are connected to the input of the circuit and their outputs to the two ends of the potentiometer. Electrical connection between the potentiometer and the input is also made to provide a flat frequency characteristic component in the output signal.

Abstract: A microwave diplexer apparatus for handling simultaneously two independent polarized transmitted signals at one frequency and two independent polarized received signals at a lower frequency. In the transmit mode of operation, a pair of input signals are applied to a first orthogonal mode transducer wherein the electric fields of the signals are established at right angles to each other. The orthogonal, linearly-polarizer signals are then transformed by a pin/ridge-loaded circular polarizer device to oppositely-rotating circularly-polarized signals and coupled via an antenna port of a second orthogonal mode transducer to an antenna for transmission to a desired target.

Abstract: A class of two-terminal active networks which simulate low-noise-temperature resistors is disclosed. A single differential-input operational amplifier connected with a feedback resistor in an inverting amplifier configuration comprises the active element of the network. A resistive voltage divider feedback arrangement comprises the remainder of the circuit. Either positive or negative simulated resistors can be obtained with a wide range of equivalent resistance values and effective noise temperatures.

Abstract: A signal at a frequency f.sub.0 is coupled through matching circuitry to the input of a parametric frequency multiplier stage. Non-linearities in this stage generate harmonics of the frequency f.sub.0, including a desired harmonic k.times.f.sub.0, where k=2, 4, 6, 8... . Unique output coupling circuitry presents a high load impedance to the parametric multiplier at the frequency f.sub.0, thereby enhancing harmonic generation, and transforms the impedance to signals of frequency k.times.f.sub.0 at the multiplier stage output to a desired value. The output coupling circuit includes two series connected transmission lines which couple between the output of the parametric multiplier stage and the multiplier output. A third transmission line, having an electrical length of one quarter wavelength at frequency f.sub.0, is connected as an open circuit shunt stub to the multiplier output, thereby effectively producing a short circuit thereat at f.sub.0.

Abstract: Magnetic core structure for single-phase shell form transformers. The magnetic core structure includes an outer magnetic core formed of a plurality of spaced legs joined at their corresponding ends to common yokes. Inner magnetic cores are disposed between the legs of the outer magnetic core and spaced therefrom to form gaps completely therearound. Double-webbed beams are positioned underneath the magnetic core structure to support the structure from the transformer tank. Each web extends into the gap between a leg of the outer magnetic core and the adjacent leg of one of the inner magnetic cores.

Abstract: High voltage solid dielectric insulation system transformers and inductors have been designed and produced by a process which results in a substantial improvement in the high voltage, size and weight characteristics of magnetic components prepared therefrom.

Abstract: An electrical conducting apparatus comprising an envelope, or in an alternative embodiment, a brother-pair of envelopes, in which said envelope encompasses a magnetic field whereby fluctuations in the magnetic field may be sensed or tapped-off by two half-turn type conducting circuits. The conducting envelope provides a cross-sectional area for encompassing the magnetic field and has a longitudinal severance line or slit which divides the envelope into two sections symmetrical to each other. At a location of 180.degree. from the severance line is a center-tap terminal, while two output terminals are provided on each side of the severance line thus to provide two half-turn winding circuits in relationship to the center-tap terminal. Useful configurations of said envelope may include a rectangular shape, a tubular shape, a spiral shape, which may be arranged into symmetrical pairs of envelopes which are oriented at a 180.degree.

Abstract: A lacquer-encapsulated carbon film resistor having a ceramic substrate coated with a carbon film, a silicon nitride layer, an organic lacquer layer and termination electrodes.

Abstract: Apparatus for use with a system in which successive pulses, each composed of a train of high frequency oscillations, are emitted by a transmitting transducer, propagated through a transmission medium, and received by a receiving transducer having a given transient behavior, the apparatus serving to measure the time interval between reception of successive pulses by the receiver transducer and to prevent erroneous measurements resulting from propagation of the pulses over indirect paths through the transmission medium, prevention of erroneous measurements being achieved by effecting time interval measurements only with respect to those pulses for which the output signal from the receiving transducer in response to reception of each such pulse exceeds a selected threshold value during a predetermined time interval subsequent to passage of that output signal above a given comparison value which is less than the threshold value.

Abstract: A high resolution underwater acoustic navigation system is provided by a combined pulse and continuous-wave or Doppler system. Locations of the object being tracked are periodically determined by the pulse subsystem and are used to initialize the Doppler subsystem. The Doppler Subsystem tracks the location from the fix obtained by the pulse subsystem. Both subsystems are interfaced with a central processing unit or digital computer and the data rate input to the computer is substantially reduced by the use, in the Doppler subsystem, of a phase angle quadrant change counter whose accumulated count is periodically provided as an input to the computer.

Abstract: An acoustic line array which includes a co-axial cable having a center coctor surrounded by a flexible material of low-electrical conductivity. The flexible material is surrounded by a conducting material protected by an external shield. The cable has characteristic impedance which is sensitive to pressure variations in the medium due to a traveling acoustic pressure wave from an acoustic source. Variations in the impedance of the array are used to detect the acoustic source. Alternatively, the line array makes use of discrete sensors placed at suitable intervals along the array. This type of acoustic array eliminates the use of a plurality of wires carrying the electrical signals from the transducer to the storage equipment and elaborate multiplexing techniques.

Abstract: A device which automatically completes the circuit of the emergency flasher system in an automotive vehicle in response to a shock of predetermined magnitude (such shocks develop as a result of sudden application of brakes or in the event of an accident) has an upright cylindrical housing which is secured to the vehicle and contains a normally open multi-pole switch whose closing results in activation of the flasher system. The multi-pole switch can be closed by the plunger of a relay whose coil is in circuit with a normally open second switch adapted to be closed on tilting of an activating element having a permanent magnet which normally adheres to an iron plate in the housing but allows the activating element to change its position in response to the application of a shock. The tilted activating element effects the displacement of a post which temporarily closes the second switch to energize the coil which causes the plunger to close the multi-pole switch.

Abstract: An information transfer apparatus for connecting between plural channels and input/output control devices in a computer system, comprising a bundle of signal lines with which said channels are connected, said bundle of signal lines including plural signal lines provided respectively for said plural channels so as to effect the time-shared connection between said plural channels and input/output control devices therethrough.

Abstract: An electrical control system includes a matrix made up of electrically conductive lines and columns which cross each other at predetermined locations where a plurality of connecting circuits are provided for respectively electrically connecting the lines and columns to each other at selected locations. The connecting circuits respectively include Zener diodes respectively having threshold voltages distributed among a plurality of different threshold voltages of different discrete magnitudes. The level of the signals supplied to the lines can be correspondingly modulated. A receiving structure electrically connected to the columns for receiving output signals therefrom includes components having thresholds of detection corresponding to the magnitudes of the threshold voltages of the Zener diodes of the connecting circuits. These components of the receiving structure include operational amplifiers polarized by Zener diodes which are connected in cascade.

Abstract: The invention is an improved remote control signal device that is portable. The remote control signal device is provided with an alarm, a remote control means connected to the alarm by electrical conductors, and a power source for the system. A novel connection is made in the power plug to permit the remote control means to activate the alarm at will.

Abstract: An integrated circuit digital-to-analog converter circuit of the binary weighted current summing type in which the emitter potentials of the transistor current sources are maintained substantially equal by controlling the voltage differential between the base electrodes of the current source transistors. In one disclosed embodiment, the base electrodes of the transistor current sources are connected to a resistive divider network and the voltage across each of the resistors is maintained substantially equal to (kT/q) ln 2. The disclosed circuit can be used as an alternative to, or in combination with, prior art emitter-scaling techniques.

Abstract: A reflecting electrostatic display cell comprising a dihedral block having two surfaces departing from an edge, two electrodes extending onto respectively said two surfaces, and an electret sheet secured to said edge. One electrode and one face of the sheet are painted with a first color; and the second electrode and the remaining surface of the sheet are painted with a second color. Under the control of a temporary voltage applied between the electrodes, the electret sheet sticks to one electrode, the cell thus presenting one of the two colors. Under the control of a temporary reversed voltage, the electret sheet sticks to the other electrode, the cell thus presenting the other colors.

Abstract: A smoke alarm network for buildings and the like comprises a plurality of stations having a smoke detector alarm unit installed in each. Station switching members are connected at each station, and a central control panel is provided with switching members connected with each of the stations and responsive to identifiably indicate alarm signals sent by the station detectors to the control panel. An alert switch is mounted on the control panel and is operably connected with each detector-alarm unit for selectively activating the alarm positioned at one or more of the stations.

Abstract: A restraining bar is pivotally mounted to slide on a support affixed to the inner surface of a door. In its locked position, it is under a restraining means affixed to the door's latch-frame casement. A switch is situated between the restraining bar and the support so that movement of the door when the restraining bar is in its locked position will cause the restraining bar to pivot toward the support and thereby close the switch to actuate an alarm.

Abstract: An electronic security device includes an insulated loop shaped antenna which capacitively couples to any objects which intrude into a zone surrounding the antenna. The loop shape allows the antenna to be placed onto a doorknob of the room to be secured, and the insulation prevents electrical contact-bounce between the antenna and the doorknob. A detector circuit connects to the antennna and generates output signals indicating the amount of capacitive coupling. An alarm circuit connects to the detector circuit and sounds an audible alarm for a predetermined time interval when the coupling as indicated by the output signals implies that an object has intruded into the zone. A test circuit connects to the alarm circuit for temporarily decreasing the time interval of the alarm in response to a manually activated switch to allow the security device to be tested prior to being fully activated.

Abstract: A monitoring device which monitors the extent of infusion of intravenous solutions and provides an alarm signal when such infusion has progressed to a predetermined degree. The device comprises a cylindrical container to which is coupled, at its upper end, an attaching member for suspending the device from an intravenous solution supporting stand. Peripherally disposed about the cylindrical container are electrical sockets adapted such that each socket may accept an associated electrical plug. Extending through and below the lower end of the cylindrical container is a suspension member having a hook section for suspending an intravenous solution container. A helical spring is disposed within the cylindrical container, coaxially surrounding that portion of the suspension member which extends into the cylindrical container. The vertical position of the spring is defined by the lower internal end of the cylindrical container and by the upper extremity of the suspension member disposed within the container.

Abstract: An indicator is provided for use in a machine, such as an escalator, having a multiplicity of normally closed switches which act to turn off the machine in the event of a machine malfunction, unsafe condition or an inappropriate switch placement. The switches are capable of reclosing but not restarting the machine. The indicator shows which of the switches caused the machine to stop thereby performing a troubleshooting function to allow a repairman to determine immediately which of the various machine systems caused the malfunction or unsafe condition.

Abstract: A method of operating a continuous wave radar to derive range information as well as Doppler information is described. The transmitted signal is frequency modulated at a low modulation frequency and peak deviation so that range ambiguities are effectively avoided and echo signals may be processed at a relatively low intermediate frequency, thereby allowing echo signals from clutter to be more effectively rejected and echo signals from a moving target to be correlated.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for deriving information concerning the movement of a road vehicle. In a preferred example a single microwave source is mounted under the vehicle to illuminate the road surface. Two receiving ports are provided, one to receive energy reflected from the illuminated surface to one side of the center line of the vehicle and the other to receive energy reflected from the illuminated surface to the other side of the center line. The two Doppler shifts are determined and compared to determine if there is a difference which indicates that the vehicle is turning, the sign of any difference indicating the direction of turn. One of the Doppler signals is shaped and counted to provide an indication of the speed of the vehicle and one of the Doppler signals is processed to provide an indication of forward or reverse motion.

Abstract: A radar altimeter having a tracking circuit which includes a controllable reference signal generator which is adapted to selectively control the tracking circuit so that there will be no indication of an altitude change in the event of a momentary loss of a received video signal due to the fading of the video signal or other condition requiring the locking of the tracking circuit because of a lack of reliability of the received video signal.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring the operability of a radar system having phased-array antenna system. During an initial radiation pattern, a portion of the signals radiated from each radiating element of the array (except, in general, a center element, if any) is fed to a manifold network which combines the signals received from radiating elements which are symmetrically located with respect to the center of the array so that they differ by 180.degree. at the single manifold output. Radio-frequency energy is added to the manifold output to adjust it to approximately zero. While the radio-frequency energy added to the manifold network is maintained at this value, the phase-shift settings of pairs of radiating elements having equal amplitude-weighting are varied from the initial setting through 360.degree.. Failures are located by correlating the phase-shift settings and the adjusted output of the manifold network.

Abstract: A radiation reflective surface for use with non-reflective type marine vessels has dimple-type retroflective surfaces having right angle corners. The reflecting surface of the target comprises a generally smooth, substantially spherical structure having no sharp cutting edges, while providing retro-reflecting surfaces to impinging radiation at the frequencies expected in the "radar" range.

Abstract: A directional antenna system is disclosed which selectively couples two radiating antenna elements to a transceiver through a selective phase, magnitude and matching network which is controlled by the output of a logic circuit. The network provides for equal magnitude current coupling between the transceiver and the two antennas while simultaneously selectively producing either positive or negative approximately 90.degree. phase shifts between the two antennas to produce either of two discrete directive cardioid radiation patterns directed in substantially opposite directions. The logic circuit, in conjunction with a manual step switch, provides for a manually selecting either of the two cardioid radiation patterns, as well as producing a figure eight or an omnidirectional radiation pattern. For generating a transceiver omnidirectional pattern, one antenna is used and the other is connected to a standard broadcast band receiver.

Abstract: 1.

Abstract: A reflector antenna is provided with two sets of perturbation reflectors, in the form of annular surface depressions, to reduce the effect of `external reflection` which is caused by energy re-entering a feed horn after reflection from the antenna. The two sets of perturbation reflectors are arranged to produce vector cancellation at two operating frequency bands.

Abstract: A radio frequency antenna adapted to provide independently specifiable sum, azimuth, and elevation antenna patterns is disclosed. The antenna includes a plurality of rows of antenna elements each having a corresponding feed network. Each feed network has three row feed ports and couples energy between such feed ports and the corresponding row of antenna elements with independent amplitude and phase distributions. A second feed network couples energy between sum, azimuth, and elevation ports of the antenna and the three row feed ports of the feed networks with independent amplitudes and phase distribution to provide independent sum, azimuth, and elevation antenna patterns.

Abstract: A mechanical system is disclosed to deploy an antenna on a support which may, for example, be a spacecraft. A series of telescoping tubes are nested one within the other when the antenna is in a retracted stowed position. The outermost tube is rigidly attached to the support and the inner tubes are latched in the stowed position by a caging mechanism. The antenna is driven toward a deployed position by a dual motor driven cable which is terminated in a driving tube at the lower end of the innermost tube, from whence the cable is trained about pulleys at the tops and bottoms of successively large tubes of the antenna. The cable is wound on a drum at the lower end of the antenna and coaxial therewith. During deployment of the antenna, the drum rotates, thereby reeling in the deployment cable. The initial movement of the cable causes cam releasing of the latches in the caging device. Thereafter, the antenna tubes are extended until the final deployed position of the antenna is reached.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous ink composition useful for ink jet printing, which comprises 2-12 wt % of a water soluble dye, 35-80 wt % of a polyhydric alcohol having 2-6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A head for magnetizing a broad magnetic tape or the like to form magnetic images representing lines of high quality characters or other images, including a large number of closely-spaced recorder elements, such as two thousand spaced a few thousandths inches apart, the elements having parallel strip portions with recording locations therealong. The elements are arranged in groups, with the elements in one group having a common enlarged interconnected region on one side of the recording locations and with each element in the group having a separate enlarged terminal on the other side of the line of recording locations. The terminals are arranged in a staggered fashion, so that the elements located progressively closer to one end of the group have terminals located progressively further from the line of recording locations.

Abstract: An ink jet printing apparatus is disclosed which includes a printing head having a plurality of ink ejection nozzles and adapted to be moved relatively to a recording medium for effecting printing or characters of figures in accordance with print instruction signals, the printing head being periodically displaced, in accordance with a timing signal from a timer, to a fixed position at which an ink failure preventive ejection is performed from the nozzles in response to a detecting signal delivered from a detector upon detecting the positioning of the head at the fixed position.

Abstract: The printer records images in the form of dots on electrical discharge-sensitive paper which has a conductive coating on one surface. A plurality of styli are mounted on a rotor. The paper is fed continuously through a curved guide in a direction perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the rotor. This divisional patent is directed to the feature whereby current is supplied to the styli from a power supply through the conductive coating on the paper. The return path to the power supply is made by means of a simple brush consisting of a curved, helical spring. The spring makes good electrical contact and also serves to help shape the paper into an arc before it passes over the rotor.

Abstract: A Josephson tunnel junction device having niobium superconductive electrodes with an amorphous hydrogenated semiconductor tunnelling barrier therebetween comprised of silicon or germanium or an alloy thereof supports an unusually high critical current density. Barrier dopants provide a further increase in the critical current density. The barrier is deposited by rf-sputtering in an atmosphere containing hydrogen.

Abstract: An avalanche diode of the IMPact Avalanche Transit Time (IMPATT) type with heterojunction structure of two different semiconductor materials, wherein a semiconductor junction P/N or N/P is located at the interface of the two materials. In order to improve the efficiency of the diode functioning as an oscillator, the impurity concentrations of the semiconductors are chosen so that the avalanche zone is located in one and only one of the materials, the thickness of the materials being determined in conjunction with the impurity concentrations to have transit zones of equal length, thus producing a "double drift" avalanche zone. In the case of Ge/Ga As the condition to be fulfilled by the impurity concentration K.sub.1 of Ge and the impurity concentration K.sub.2 of Ga AS is very simple:K.sub.1 =2/3K.sub.

Abstract: A semiconductor optical device includes a semiconductor body, a light emitting layer formed on the body to form a pn junction therebetween, a semiconductor layer formed on the light emitting layer and a diffusing region formed in the semiconductor layer to define a pn junction therebetween and electrically connected to the light emitting layer. Three electrodes are respectively provided on the semiconductor body, semiconductor layer and diffusing region, which are selectively operated.

Abstract: A junction field effect transistor is incorporated into a conventional monolithic bipolar integrated circuit using compatible processing steps. The transistor source and drain regions are produced during IC base diffusion and the gate contact during IC emitter diffusion. A channel is ion implanted in the region between source and drain. A second, shallower, opposite conductivity ion implant is applied over the channel so as to overlap and cover. Thus, a subsurface channel is created. A third ion implant of slightly deeper character and to a much heavier dosage is created in the region between and separated from the source and drain using an impurity of the same conductivity type as the second ion implant. This third ion implant is designed to span the channel without contacting either the source or drain, thus creating a top gate ohmically connected to the bottom gate.

Abstract: A semiconductor image sensor comprises an array of charge collection elements buried within the semiconductor for collecting charge photogenerated in response to the image. This sensor is easily configured to discern changes in an image. One or more charge transfer devices (CTD's) of an array are associated with each column of charge collection elements. For readout, the charge collected by each charge collection element is transferred to an associated storage cell of an array CTD associated with the column in which that charge collection element is disposed.For discernment of moving targets or image changes, a difference between the charge collected by a given charge collection element during a first frame and a second frame is determined.

Abstract: A photovoltaic converter, useful for example as a photodetector or solar cell, comprising a main unit consisting of a p-n heterojunction of a p- or n-type magnetic semiconductor MCr.sub.2 X.sub.4 in which M is Zn, Cd or Hg and X is O, S, Se or Te and an n- or p-type semiconductor M'In.sub.2 S.sub.4 in which M' is Zn, Cd or Hg and which has an optical absorption edge at a shorter wavelength than the optical absorption edge of the MCr.sub.2 X.sub.4 ; a first electrode ohmically fixed to the surface of the MCr.sub.2 X.sub.4 ; and a second electrode fixed ohmically to the surface of the M'In.sub.2 S.sub.4 and allowing light to reach the surface of M'In.sub.2 S.sub.4. With a decrease in temperature, the photovoltaic converter has the long wavelength edge of its spectral photovoltaic response shifted to a longer wavelength contrary to known photovoltaic converters.

Abstract: A thyristor having an auxiliary cathode emitter region disposed in the central portion of the device in PN junction relationship with a cathode base region is disclosed. An extra impurity region of the same conductivity type as the cathode base region is disposed in the cathode base region in the central portion of the device inwardly of the outer boundary of the auxiliary cathode emitter. The extra impurity region has a higher impurity density gradient adjacent the common PN junction formed by the cathode and anode base regions than the remainder of such junction.

Abstract: A polycrystalline layer is formed as a passivation layer on a monocrystalline semiconductor substrate, the polycrystalline layer containing oxygen in the range between 2 to 45 atomic percent. The density of surface states between the surface of said substrate and the polycrystalline silicon layer is less than 10.sup.10 /cm.sup.2 .multidot.eV at the middle portion of a forbidden band, and the interface density of fixed charge in the polycrystalline layer is less than 10.sup.10 /cm.sup.2.

Abstract: Processing circuitry for discrete-sample-type-color-video signals performs an interpolation along a scan row or line to define intermediate signal levels between signal "updates" for the individual primary colors. In a preferred implementation, using green, red, and blue as primary colors, green samples occur more frequently than red or blue and interpolated green samples are specially combined to produce a "slow" green signal that is matched to the frequency ranges of the red and blue signals. The difference between the full green signal and the slow green signal is then used for producing a signal to represent high frequency luminance detail.

Abstract: An automatic registration system for color television cameras which includes a calibration control circuit and a detail recognition circuit. The system operates cyclically, in each cycle determining if two of the video signals are in registration. At the conclusion of each cycle, a registration control signal is changed in accordance with any misregistration detected. The calibration control circuit monitors the calibration of the system. If a miscalibration condition is detected, the system is locked into a calibration mode wherein the system is fully calibrated before the registration process is allowed to continue. The detail recognition circuit monitors the amount of detail in the video signals in each operating cycle, and prevents the registration control signal from changing at the conclusion of those operating cycles in which insufficient detail has existed upon which a reliable registration decision could be based.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for connection to the antenna input of a television receiver. The apparatus has an audio frequency input connection and includes means to convert an audio signal into a pleasantly varying form for display as a varying pattern on the picture tube of a television receiver. The apparatus constantly samples and converts the audio signal and stores a value into an image memory which represents an instantaneous time sampled pixel (picture element) and constantly displays the contents of the image memory on the picture tube of a television receiver. The apparatus samples and converts the audio signal and stores a value into the image memory which represents a Lissajous pattern which is varied in size and shape in accordance with the audio signal.

Abstract: An image processing system converts gradation data of an image signal from a television camera into a digital code and transfers it to a computer. In the image processing system suitable means slice a portion which contains data of the image signal at a given level, means quantize a signal waveform obtained by the slice means, means count how many numbers of pulses obtained by the quantizing means at a given portion of one horizontal scan during each horizontal scan, and means for transfer counted values of the counting means to the computer at every completion of one horizontal scan.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, video information is recorded on a video disc at a high packing density using a disproportionately large record spot. According to a presently preferred embodiment, a recordable video disc has a surface sensitive to recording only along a narrow spiral track, which spiral track is followed during recording by a tracking device to compensate for tracking errors arising from disc eccentricity, wobble, and optical system vibration, while limiting the cross-track dimension of recorded video information to allow a higher cross-track packing density.