Abstract: A process for the manufacture of symmetrical dialkylureas by reacting monoalkylamines with CO.sub.2 at an elevated temperature and under superatmospheric pressure, in which the unconverted starting materials, water and the by-products formed in the reaction zone, as well as alkylamine alkylcarbamate, after thermal decomposition into monoalkylamine, CO.sub.2 and water, are separated from the dialkylurea formed, and thereafter a part of the unconverted starting materials plus by-products, with or without water, may or may not be recycled to the reaction zone, before isolating an aqueous solution, containing monoalkylamines, CO.sub.2 and other by-products, which solution is treated with alkali metal hydroxide solution in a column, the monoalkylamine, after separation from carbon dioxide and water, being recycled to the reaction zone. The dialkylureas obtained contain not more than 1% of monoalkylurea and 1% of trialkylurea, and may be used as starting materials for various syntheses.

Abstract: Solid catalyst of reduced copper magnesium silicate type is improved for its use in catalytic hydration of acrylonitrile to make acrylamide by calcining the catalyst prior to such use. Calcining strengthens the catalyst particles for longer catalyst life in the reactor and slows the rate of decay of catalytic activity so the average productivity over the life of the catalyst is improved.

Abstract: Process for producing compounds useful in perfumery including isochromans and acylated indane hydrocarbons with an alkylene oxide or with a lower acyl halide in the presence of a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture containing C.sub.5 and C.sub.10 alkanes at a temperature of from -20.degree. C. up to -5.degree. C. In the case of forming isochromans, the resulting alcohol is reacted, in situ, with a lower alkanol and a formaldehyde precursor at temperatures of from 20.degree. C. up to 80.degree. C.

Abstract: A catalyst of the general structure ##STR1## is an effective hydroformylation catalyst at temperatures of from about 60.degree. to about 150.degree. C. and hydrogen carbon monoxide gas pressures of from about 300 to about 3500 psig for both primary and internal olefins producing an increased amount of linear normal aldehydes through olefin isomerization. When the reactor gas is altered to essentially pure hydrogen, the catalyst further converts aldehydes formed by hydroformylation to alcohols under the same reaction conditions. The catalyst is air insensitive, stable, and highly recoverable by simple means. P is a heterocyclic nitrogen-containing polymer with available pyridine linkages and n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: Olefins are converted to aldehydes in the presence of a catalyst having the general formula ##STR1## wherein M is rhodium or iridium, P is a polyvinylpyridine/dimethylbenzene copolymer, and n is 1 to 3. Internal olefins are isomerized in appreciable extent to primary olefins, then hydroformylated to primary aldehydes.

Abstract: A catalyst of the general structure P --M Cl.sub.3 wherein M is rhodium or iridium and P is a heterocyclic nitrogen-containing polymer has been found to be an effective heterogeneous hydroformylation catalyst at temperatures of from about 60.degree. to about 150.degree. C. and H.sub.2 /CO gas pressures of from about 300 to about 3500 psig for most primary and internal olefins, producing an increased amount of linear normal aldehydes. When the reactor gas is altered to hydrogen, the catalyst further converts aldehydes formed by hydroformylation to alcohols under the same reaction conditions. The catalyst is oxygen stable, heterogeneous, and easily recovered.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of nitrosobenzene by the catalytic reduction of nitrosobenzene is disclosed. The improvement in the process comprises utilizing as a reducing agent a compound selected from the group consisting of aliphatic compounds containing from about one to about twenty carbon atoms, benzene, naphthalene and ethylenically unsaturated compounds containing from about two to about 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An improvement in a method of preparing 1,1-difluoroethylene from 1,1-difluoroethane by photochlorinating 1,1-difluoroethane to 1,1-difluoro-1-chloroethane and immediately thereafter reacting the reaction products of the photochlorination at a temperature between 550 and 750.degree. C. without isolation of the 1,1-difluoro-1-chloroethane, the improvement residing in employing as the difluoroethane charge an unrefined product of the hydrofluorination of acetylene which unrefined reaction product contains up to 3 volume percent acetylene and a maximum of 8 volume percent vinyl fluoride, especially a unrefined reaction product in which the difluoroethane has not been isolated.

Abstract: Olefinically unsaturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons are manufactured by bringing alkanecarboxylic acids of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, alkanedicarboxylic acids of 4 to 20 carbon atoms or 5-membered or 6-membered cycloalkanecarboxylic acids or their alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or phenyl esters, in the gas phase, at from 250.degree. to 800.degree. C., into contact with catalysts in which the active composition consists of boron trioxide, boric acid and/or boron nitride, together with one or more of the oxides of aluminum, silicon, tin, lead, titanium and zirconium.

Abstract: Graft copolymers of low molecular weight aliphatic conjugated diolefin polymers of high 1,2 vinyl content with acrylic monomers including certain acrylamide monomers grafted thereon provide alkaline resistant primer compositions that may be formulated into water base and solvent base compositions. The primer compositions may contain additional aliphatic conjugated diolefin polymer, hydroxy silicones, and crosslinking agent for increased solids content and improved properties.

Abstract: A fast curing, high solids coating composition which upon curing forms a hard, glossy, durable coating exhibiting excellent resistance to solvents and water. The coating composition which is particularly adapted for use as an automotive topcoat, contains greater than about 60 percent by weight of nonvolatile solids and, exclusive of pigments, solvents and other nonreactive components, consists essentially of:(A) a polyepoxide resin having a number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of between about 140 and about 3,000;(B) a reactive catalyst comprising at least one oligomeric hydroxy functional organophosphate ester selected from certain mono- and diesters of phosphoric acid;(C) an amine-aldehyde crosslinking agent; and(D) optionally, a hydroxy functional additive. The oligomeric hydroxy functional organophosphate ester is included in the composition in an amount sufficient to provide between about 0.8 and about 1.

Abstract: A fast curing, high solids coating composition, which upon curing forms a hard, glossy, durable coating exhibiting excellent resistance to solvents and water. The coating composition, which is particularly adapted for use as an automotive topcoat, contains greater than about 60 percent by weight of nonvolatile solids and, exclusive of pigments, solvents and other nonreactive components, consists essentially of:(A) a copolymer bearing pendent epoxy functionality, having a number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of between about 1500 and about 10,000 and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of between about -25.degree. and about 70.degree. C.;(B) a reactive catalyst comprising at least one oligomeric hydroxy functional organophosphate ester selected from certain mono- and diesters of phosphoric acid; p0 (C) an amine-aldehyde crosslinking agent; and(D) optionally, a hydroxy functional additive.

Abstract: A fast curing, high solids coating composition adapted for use as an automotive topcoat, which upon curing forms a hard, glossy, durable coating exhibiting excellent resistance to solvents and water. The coating composition contains greater than about 50 percent by weight of nonvolatile solids and, exclusive of pigments, solvents and other nonreactive components, consists essentially of:(A) a copolymer bearing pendent epoxy functionality, having a number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of between about 1500 and about 10,000 and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of between about -25.degree. and about 70.degree. C.;(B) a hydroxy functional acrylic organophosphate reactive catalyst;(C) an amine aldehyde crosslinking agent; and(D) optionally, a hydroxy functional additive. The hydroxy functional acrylic organophosphate reactive catalyst is included in the composition in an amount sufficient to provide between about 0.9 and about 1.

Abstract: A fast curing, high solids coating composition that is adapted for use as an automotive topcoat and which upon curing forms a hard, glossy, durable coating exhibiting excellent resistance to solvents and water. The coating composition contains greater than about 50 percent by weight of nonvolatile solids and, exclusive of pigments, solvents and other nonreactive components, consists essentially of:(A) a polyepoxide resin having a number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of between about 140 and about 3,000;(B) a hydroxy functional acrylic organophosphate reactive catalyst;(C) an amine-aldehyde crosslinking agent; and(D) optionally, a hydroxy functional additive.The hydroxy functional acrylic organophosphate reactive catalyst is included in the composition in an amount sufficient to provide between about 0.9 and about 1.

Abstract: A fast curing, high solids coating composition that is adapted for use as an automotive topcoat and which upon curing forms a hard, glossy, durable coating exhibiting excellent resistance to solvents and water. The coating composition contains greater than about 50 percent by weight of nonvolatile solids and, exclusive of pigments, solvents and other nonreactive components, consists essentially of:(A) a bifunctional copolymer bearing hydroxy functionality and pendent epoxy functionality, having a number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of between about 1500 and about 10,000 and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of between about -25.degree. and about 70.degree.;(B) a hydroxy functional acrylic organophosphate reactive catalyst;(C) optionally, a hydroxy functional additive. The hydroxy functional acrylic organophosphate reactive catalyst is included in the composition in an amount sufficient to provide between about 0.9 and about 1.

Abstract: A fast curing, high solids coating composition which upon curing forms a hard, glossy, durable coating exhibiting excellent resistance to solvents and water. The coating composition which is particularly adapted for use as an automotive topcoat, contains greater than about 60 percent by weight of nonvolatile solids and, exclusive of pigments, solvents and other nonreactive components, consists essentially of:(A) a bifunctional copolymer bearing hydroxy functionality and pendent epoxy functionality, having a number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of between about 1500 and about 10,000 and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of between about -25.degree. C. and about 70.degree.;(B) a reactive catalyst comprising at least one oligomeric hydroxy functional organophosphate ester selected from certain mono- and diesters of phosphoric acid;(C) an amine-aldehyde crosslinking agent; and(D) optionally, a hydroxy functional additive.

Abstract: Resinous coating compositions of low volatile solvent content are provided which are sufficiently fluid to permit effective application, and which cure on baking at low temperature to provide hard stain- and detergent-resistant coatings of outstanding flexibility. These are made by copolymerizing monoethylenic monomers including monoethylenic monomer having a functional group reactive with N-methylol functionality and selected from carboxylic acid, hydroxy and amide groups, the copolymerization being carried out in a solvent solution containing a major proportion of liquid bishydroxy ethyl ether of a bisphenol, alone or together with the corresponding bishydroxy propyl ether. The copolymer solution has added thereto an aminoplast resin to provide a stable solution in which proportions are important so that coatings can be easily applied and cured to provide the desired characteristics without liberating excessive amounts of volatile material.

Abstract: This invention pertains to low-shrink polyester molding resin mixtures primarily based on a certain low-shrink thermoplastic additive produced by synthesizing the vinyl copolymer thermoplastic additive in a hydroxyl terminated polymeric diluent. The resulting vinyl copolymer is dispersed in the hydroxyl containing polymeric diluent which can be post reacted with isocyanate material to produce a polyurethane-vinyl copolymer thermoplastic additive. This thermoplastic additive can be added directly to the thermosetting polyester polymer and monomer mixture to provide a low-shrink molding resin system.

Abstract: Ar-halo-ar(t-alkyl)styrenes, e.g., 2-chloro-4-(t-butyl)styrene, polymerize to form materials having unusually high temperature resistance. Additionally, compositions of such monomers, unsaturated polyesters and free-radical generating catalysts cure at lower temperatures and in less time than similar compositions containing conventional styrene monomers.

Abstract: Polypropylene compositions comprising a polypropylene polymer and a hydrogenated block polymer impact modifier exhibit enhanced impact properties and retain rigidity when blended with a crystalline polyethylene.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a plastics material adaptable to biomedical uses, the surface of which material at least partially consists of a graft copolymer having a hydrocarbon main chain and side chains grafted thereon, said side chains being polymers comprising at least one vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid esters of the formulaCF.sub.3 --(CF.sub.2).sub.x --(CH.sub.2).sub.y --O--CO--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2,where x is an integer from 3 to 16 and y is an integer from 1 to 12, vinylene carbonate, N-vinyl alkylamides of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed are haloaryl halobenzene sulfonates of the formula ##STR1## wherein X and X' are each independently selected halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine; n is a integer of from 1 to 5 and m is an integer from 1 to 4, provided that the sum of n plus m is an integer of from 4 to 9; and R is selected from hydrogen, halogen (preferably chlorine and bromine), and ##STR2## wherein Y and Y' are each independently selected halogen, preferably chlorine and bromine, m' is an integer from 1 to 4 and n' is an integer of from 1 to 5, provided that m'+n' is from 4 to 9 and Z is an alkylene or alkylidene containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Also disclosed are polymeric compositions containing these compounds as flame retardants.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a carburetor comprising a first stage including a vertically extending primary air induction passage including a venturi section and a portion downstream of and below the venturi section, a primary fuel passage communicating with the venturi section of the primary air induction passage and with a fuel source, and a primary throttle valve mounted in the downstream portion of the primary air induction passage for movement between a partially open position and a fully open position, and a second stage including a vertically extending secondary air induction passage including a venturi section and a portion downstream of and below the venturi section, a secondary fuel passage communicating with the venturi section of the secondary air induction passage and with a fuel source, and a secondary throttle valve mounted in the downstream portion of the secondary air induction passage for movement between an open position and a closed position, and a fuel or air passage communicating between the prim

Abstract: A carburetor controlled by a pulse width modulated duty cycle operated solenoid has a main metering rod and an idle bleed valve spring biased against a bracket carried by the solenoid armature. The armature is spring biased to a rich position against an adjustable stop and is pulled by the solenoid coil to a lean position against a portion of the solenoid coil assembly. The entire coil assembly is spring biased against a stop which is adjusted to establish the lean position of the metering rod and bleed valve.

Abstract: A hanger assembly to support fill strips in a cooling tower wherein the assembly includes headers and wire mesh hangers mounted on the headers. Each wire mesh hanger assembly includes vertical wires which have clamp portions formed at each end which extend through openings formed in the headers to suspend the wire mesh hanger from the header. The clamp portions include a cam surface which is compressed in the header opening when the clamp is moved to its operative position.

Abstract: A cylindrical cartridge having a housing containing a replenishable water supply is employed as a water supply source for producing an aerosol with an oxygen stream for inhalation therapy through the agency of a nebulizer adapter which couples pressurized oxygen to the water cartridge. A venturi-type insert member is disposed vertically with the cartridge. The venturi draws water from the water supply and directs atomized droplets of water and oxygen into a mixing chamber located above the water level in the cartridge. The cartridge has a vertical tubular portion with a connection to a source of oxygen or air and terminates above the level of the water in the cartridge. The aerosol flows out of the cartridge through an outlet nozzle. The cartridge is an elongated housing having a capillary active cylindrical absorption surface means internally whereby water is drawn up along the cartridge's cylindrical body wall which serves as an evaporating surface.

Abstract: A rotary liquid metal atomizer is positioned to receive a stream of molten metal on the top thereof. The atomizer is formed as a hollow disc means having a concave top surface and mounted for rotation at high R. P. M.'s on the top of a hollow drive shaft. A circular coolant baffle is located in the hollow disc means, for cooling fluid to flow around, and is mounted on the top of an inlet cooling tube located within the drive shaft. Cooling fluid is directed through the inlet cooling tube to the top of the water baffle where it flows through a hole in the center thereof and around the space between the baffle and the interior of the hollow disc means and down between the inlet cooling tube and drive shaft. The top of the disc means over the coolant baffle is formed of copper. A metal rim is placed around the upper outer periphery of the copper disc forming a recessed center portion. A ceramic coating is placed in the recessed portion with its outer edge against the inside of the rim.

Abstract: Formaldehyde resin fibres, in particular urea formaldehyde resin fibres, are produced by introducing a liquid formaldehyde resin and a catalyst into a spinning cup in the presence of cold humid air which inhibits drying and reaction, centrifugally spinning fibres from the cup into the path of hot air currents, at between 50.degree. C. and 100.degree. C., which dry the fibres without curing them, and curing and chemically stabilizing the dry fibres by heating at above 100.degree. C. until they are insoluble in cold water.

Abstract: A single screw extrusion process for extruding a mixture of relatively high molecular weight thermoplastic elastomer particles and relatively low molecular weight resin particles, wherein the particulate mixture is supercooled and maintained at temperatures below that which would cause the mixture to agglomerate and stick to the screw until the axial driving forces on the mixture have increased to the extent they will overcome any tendency of the mixture to stick to the screw, thereby assuring steady state extrusion conditions.

Abstract: In a method of casting in a horizontal mould a hollow, reinforced tapering concrete post having a thin wall and particularly a length exceeding 10 to 15 m, there is placed in the mould a tapering reinforcing cage or basket in which a core, e.g. a steel core, is inserted to form a substantially annular mould chamber. Said mould chamber is closed with the exception of an upper filling slot. A readily pourable concrete mass is charged to the mould from above through said filling slot. The mould is then vibrated without being rotated such that concrete fills the annular mould chamber. Hardening of the concrete is accelerated by heating, and the core is withdrawn from the formed post before the concrete has completely hardened. The finished post is then removed from the mould.

Abstract: The invention disclosed is a multi-layer silver/silver chloride electrode structure for use in electrolytic cells, particularly at low temperatures. Each layer includes an evenly dispersed matrix of metallic silver bonded to silver chloride particles, compressed onto a metal grid. A method for the manufacture of the electrode is also disclosed.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for making concrete brick in a manner such that at least both elongated sides of the brick have an antique appearance. In the method for making the concrete brick, coloring material is spread on a pallet after which a plurality of concrete bricks are molded with their side faces engaging the material on the pallet. The moisture in the bricks wets the material and causes such material to adhere to the bricks, such coloring material imparting a mottled effect to the brick. Additional coloring material is applied to the uppermost side of the bricks and is smeared or streaked by a brush or roller. Thereafter the pallet is moved to another area where the bricks are cured and stored.In the apparatus a first hopper is provided which discharges coloring material onto an empty pallet that passes below the same. The pallet is moved into a concrete brick-making machine where a plurality of bricks are formed on their sides with the lowermost side in engagement with the coloring material.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of a clay is dewatered and the clay solids thereof are agglomerated using a conditioner and a hydrophobic bridging liquid, and then pellets are formed of the clay agglomerates.

Abstract: An injection molding method is disclosed for the manufacture of a snelled fishhook. A thermoplastic, drawable, synthetic resin material is heated to a moldable state and flowed into an injection mold to form an intermediate product including a first slightly enlarged cylindrical portion at one end which envelops a shank of a hook, a snell strand coupled to the enlarged cylindrical portion, and a loop at the opposite end of the snell strand adapted to receive a fishing line. The snell strand and the loop strand of the intermediate product have oversized diameters. The snell strand is drawn between the first slightly enlarged cylindrical portion and the loop to reduce the snell strand to proper diameter and also to increase the strength of the strand. The loop is drawn between its crotch and its apex so as to reduce its diameter and increase its strength and toughness. A split multiple-section injection mold is further disclosed for carrying out both the molding and drawing procedures.

Abstract: A tripling or more in the production rate of precast concrete building units utilizing reusable mold forms is achieved by casting the units vertically on a wheeled base between separable vertical mold forms. The partially cured poured concrete unit is horizontally transported on the wheeled base from between the separated molds to complete the curing independently thereof, the forms being immediately serviceable with another wheeled base for molding another unit.A building is erected on a concrete slab foundation using a plurality of precast concrete units in the form of L-shaped walls positioned as corner structure and spaced intermediate exterior wall elements and as interior partitions and roof supports.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for reversing and flattening a driver's restraint cushion composed of a pair of overlapping sheets. The apparatus includes a loading platform having an aperture therein of a size generally corresponding to the size of a circular opening centrally formed in one of the sheets of the restraint cushion. A retainer ring surrounds the aperture and extends into the circular opening of the restraint cushion when the latter is positioned on the loading platform. Subsequently, a vertically movable ram engages and forces the other of the sheets of the restraint cushion through the aperture so as to cause the inside and outside surfaces of the two sheets to reverse after which pressurized air flows through the ram to inflate the cushion and a flat plate presses the inflated cushion into a pancake form.

Abstract: A cuvette cartridge which is adapted for use with analyzer apparatus. The disposable, substantially rigid cartridge includes a chamber and a plurality of cuvettes disposed adjacent the chamber. The cartridge has no secondary air escape means. An opening is located between the chamber and each cuvette. The cartridge is preferably filled by a series of pressurizing operations in which pressure is exerted on fluid in the chamber and fluid from the chamber is forced into the cuvettes. The air pressure in the cuvettes and chamber is then equalized, after which the chamber is again pressurized and fluid is again forced into the cuvettes. The filling operation is repeated until the cuvettes are filled to the desired level. The cuvette filling operation occurs in essentially a closed system so that the air in the cuvettes is not permitted to escape during a filling operation.

Abstract: An incense burner device adaptable for use in a vehicle such as an automobile. It includes an open ended container for burning incense. A stem extends from the closed end which is removably fitted into the sleeve of a clamp device for supporting the container upright. The clamp device is attachable to a component member of an automobile such as the edge of an ashtray. The ashes of the incense are discharged into the ashtray by removing the container from the sleeve connector and upending it into the ashtray.

Abstract: A process for recovering fluorine and silicon values from a waste-water stream produced in a wet-process phosphoric acid process which comprises:(a) diluting concentrated sulfuric acid with the waste-water stream and producing an SiF.sub.4 -containing gas during the dilution;(b) scrubbing the SiF.sub.4 -containing gas with phosphoric acid to produce a phosphoric acid solution containing fluosilicic acid;(c) reacting sodium carbonate with the phosphoric acid solution to precipitate solid sodium silicofluoride; and(d) separating the solid sodium silicofluoride from the phosphoric acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for desulfurization of exhaust gases containing sulfur oxides. More particularly, it relates to a process which can continuously put in operation to remove the sulfur oxides in exhaust gases in an efficient manner using a slurry of gypsum containing specified sulfate(s) within a single apparatus and can at the same time obtain gypsum as by-product.

Abstract: Sulfur dioxide in the combustion gases from steam-generating systems is removed therefrom by mixing the gases in a reaction chamber, for a period of from 2 seconds to about 15 seconds with dry, finely divided, reactive, lime-bearing material, and then separating most of the reacted particles in a settling chamber. The reaction and settling chambers are located between the boiler and the economizer, between the economizer and the air preheater, or between the air preheater and the precipitator, with the gases being diverted through the chambers and then returned to their normal flow path. A portion of the reacted particles from the settling chamber are mixed and ground with fresh particles of lime-bearing material and recycled back through the reaction chamber, the mixture being heated, if desired, before being introduced into the latter.

Abstract: Tritiated species, e.g., tritium, tritiated water, and/or tritiated hydrocarbons, are removed from gas streams comprised thereof by reacting the same over a precious metal catalyst with sufficient air or oxygen to insure conversion of all tritiated species to tritiated water and, if hydrocarbons are present in the gaseous feedstock, carbon dioxide. The tritiated water and any other moisture that might be present in the reaction effluent are next adsorbed by a desiccant dryer, preferably to a level of less than one part per million. Most desirably, the desiccant dryer effluent is then diluted with non-radioactive water such that the tritiated water is diluted by a factor of at least about 1,000 to 1; the resulting water mixture can be adsorbed from the diluted effluent by a second dessicant dryer to provide a value in the ultimate effluent gas of less than about one-half parts per billion tritiated water.

Abstract: Sodium percarbonate is stabilized with highly dispersed silica. The sodium percarbonate containing 1 to 10 weight % of water is mixed with the silica and subsequently dried. The highly dispersed silica has an average particle size of 2-100 microns, preferably 7-20 microns. The product is sodium percarbonate particles encased by a sodium silicate jacket.

Abstract: Type Y zeolite is prepared using a minimum excess of reactants by a method wherein required sodium hydroxide, silica, alumina and water reactants are combined in multi-stage procedure to obtain a uniform fluid reaction slurry. The procedure permits the efficient commercial production of high quality type Y zeolite and minimizes the formation of excess silicate containing by-product effluent.

Abstract: Residual PCl.sub.3 in POCl.sub.3 which has been prepared by the oxidation of PCl.sub.3 in the presence of air or oxygen-enriched air is converted to POCl.sub.3 by contacting the POCl.sub.3 /PCl.sub.3 mixture with ozone or an ozone-enriched gas.

Abstract: An agent for sequestering heavy-metal ions comprising a water-insoluble amorphous alkali metal aluminosilicophosphate having the formula (I):[x(M.sub.2 O).Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.y (SiO.sub.2).z(P.sub.2 O.sub.5).w(H.sub.2 O)] (I)wherein M is alkali metal selected from the group consisting of Na, K and Li, x, y, z and w are integers representing the mole numbers of the respective components, wherein x, y and z satisfy the following relations:0.20.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.10,0.20.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.4.00, and0.001.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.80,and w is or zero an optional positive number.

Abstract: A method of preparing anhydrous dicalcium orthophosphate of predetermined and substantially uniform particle size for use in making fluorescent lamp phosphors. The method entails heating an acidified aqueous slurry of hydrated dicalcium orthophosphate in a reaction vessel and at the same time agitating the heated slurry. The heating and simultaneous agitation is continued until significant incipient formation of a gel-like material is manifested at the wall portions of the reaction vessel. At that point the application of heat to the slurry is discontinued. The agitation of the slurry within the vessel is continued until all the slurry is converted to meta-stable gel-like material. At that time the agitation is discontinued. The formed meta-stable gel-like material is then maintained in a quiescent state until it converts completely to crystals of dicalcium orthophosphate. The orthophosphate crystals are then permitted to settle to the bottom of the residual liquid in the vessel.

Abstract: Chlorine dioxide is generated very efficiently and safely by reducing an alkali metal chlorate with hydrochloric acid in a single generator-crystallizer in the presence of a chloropalladinate(II) complex catalyst or a mixed catalyst consisting of said chloropalladinate(II) complex catalyst and a compound or ions selected from the group consisting of vanadium pentoxide, manganese ions, dichromate ions, lead ions, and arsenic ions.

Abstract: Stack gases derived from combustion of hydrocarbons are scrubbed by direct contact with an inert liquid capable of taking sulphur compounds into solution. The inert liquid pregnant with sulphur compounds is injected into a reactor where the sulphur compounds are converted into sulphurous acid or in the presence of a catalyst wet oxidized into sulphuric acid. Product acid is withdrawn from the reactor and the stripped inert liquid is returned to the scrubber to repeat the process. Waste heat is captured for further useful work.

Abstract: A process for heating up a sulfur recovery plant such as a Claus unit or a combined Claus and SCOT unit, the process including first purging the plant with inert gas and blocking in the purged plant, followed by circulating heated inert gas through the plant to bring the plant to start-up temperature.