Abstract: A method of and apparatus for forming projections on tubular members or the like in which the tube forming apparatus rotates with respect to the tubular article being formed. A mandrel is provided with camming wedge members which actuate spherical forming members when the mandrel is reciprocated. Each spherical forming member projects through an aperture in a housing member which closely surrounds the mandrel. In this manner the spherical forming members engage a tubular article on the mandrel and force the contacted portion of the tubular article into a die member. The mandrel, housing member and spherical forming members are then rotated with respect to the tubular article to be formed whereby a predetermined projection is formed on the tubular article.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tube expander in which a mandrel itself is in the form of a short metal bar and the mandrel is fitted into a cage having loosely fitted therein a plurality of rollers adapted to perform a tube expanding function. The forward end of the mandrel includes a threaded portion formed in the outer surface thereof and engageable with a threaded guide disposed inside the forward end portion of the cage and adapted to be rotatable with the cage and slidable axially thereof, and the rear end of the mandrel is engaged with a mandrel drive which axially slidably rotates the mandrel. A suitable number of shanks may be added to the mandrel drive as occasions demand, whereby the desired tube expanding operation can be performed without the need to apply any propelling force to the mandrel drive but simply by externally applying a turning force to the mandrel drive or the shanks.

Abstract: A device that enables selective angular positioning of the handle of a conduit bender. The device includes two opposed mounting members having serrated surfaces. They are releasably joined so that one may be selectively pivoted about an axis relative to the other. One member is operatively connected to a conduit bender handle while the other member is connected to the rigid body of the conduit bender. An offset provision is made between the handle and an adjacent mounting member. The handle can therefore be removed and located adjacent either side of the rigid body while remaining pivotal in a 360.degree. arc about the axis. A threaded member may be tightened to lock the members together.

Abstract: A test apparatus for determining the abrasion resistance of the surface of a sample to be tested. The sample is placed with the surface to be tested facing downwardly through an aperture in a sample support, an abrasion wheel is positioned beneath the sample and urged upwardly against the sample, the sample is reciprocated horizontally back and forth over the abrasion wheel, and at the end of each reciprocal movement, the abrasion wheel is moved away from the sample and rotationally indexed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for providing a very reproducible chromatographic analyzer output by reducing variations in the chromatographic analyzer output due to changes in barometric pressure. An absolute back pressure regulator is utilized to provide a reference pressure for the chromatographic analyzer system. The reference pressure is not affected by changes in barometric pressure and thus the chromatographic output is not affected by changes in barometric pressure.Method and apparatus is also disclosed for reducing noise in a chromatographic analyzer system caused by pressure variations due to the switching of the chromatographic analyzer sample valve. A pneumatic accumulator is utilized to smooth small pressure surges resulting from actuation of the chromatographic analyzer sample valve and thus provides a smoother and more reproducible chromatographic analyzer output signal.

Abstract: A device for measuring the fluid density of a two-phase mixture flowing through a tubular member. A rotor assembly is rotatively supported within the tubular member so that it can also move axially within the tubular member. The rotor assembly is balanced against a pair of springs which exert an axial force in the opposite direction upon the rotor assembly. As a two-phase mixture flows through the tubular member it contacts the rotor assembly causing it to rotate about its axis. The rotor assembly is forced against and partially compresses the springs. Means are provided to measure the rotational speed of the rotor assembly and the linear displacement of the rotor assembly. From these measurements the fluid density of the two-phase mixture is calculated.

Abstract: A process and associated meter devices which will provide accurate and rapid measurement of the quantitites of cement and water in a sample of fresh concrete. A special volumetric flask is filled with a sample of fresh concrete to a known volume. The volumetric flask and its contents are then attached to the hollow body of a shaker meter which forms an extension of the upper part of the volumetric flask. A predetermined volume of special mixing liquid with precisely known density different than water is then added and thoroughly mixed with the concrete sample by shaking. A portion of the resulting cement-water-mixing liquid suspension, or liquor, is then poured off and strained into a vial where its relative density, which is a function of the amount of each constituent present, is determined by a special hydrometer. Another portion of the resulting suspension, or liquor, is filtered through a suitable paper, or other material, so that all cement is removed.

Abstract: A tensiometer apparatus for use in the field, for instance at the site of an oil well, for measuring the interfacial tension between two immiscible fluids, for instance oil and water, wherein a droplet of one fluid is caused to move under the force of gravity through the second fluid and a characteristic of the droplet is determined by measuring the change the droplet causes in capacitance of one or more capacitors as the droplet moves through the second fluid. The determined characteristic is then converted by calibration means to interfacial tension between the fluids.

Abstract: A support for a hardness testing device, the support being capable of positioning the hardness testing device to measure hardness of a surface in different positions. The multipositionable support comprises a pair of elongted parallel support members along which is supported a slidably adjustable cross-beam member for positioning a hardness device relative to a surface being tested. Each support member has pivotally connected to one of its ends a magnetic means which may be moved about its pivotal axis and rotated about the axis of its support member for alignment of the magnet means with an adjacent supporting surface. The magnet means has sufficient holding power to fixedly and rigidly hold the support against the force applied to the indentor of the testing device. The hardness testing device is coupled to an actuator knob at the cross-beam and is supported at the cross-beam.

Abstract: A motorcycle power take-off drive system is disclosed for driving a dynamometer from either a chain drive or a shaft drive motorcycle having either right or lefthand chain or shaft drive connections. A support housing is straddled by the rear frame elements of the motorcycle with a support shaft extending into the axle openings in the frame to support the frame. A drive shaft sleeve coaxially surrounds the support shaft and has either a sprocket for connection to the chain of a chain driven motorcycle attached to one end or an internally splined sleeve drivingly connectable to an externally splined output drive member of a shaft drive motorcycle. A low-friction chain connects the drive shaft sleeve to a power drive shaft drivingly connected to a dynamometer.

Abstract: A specific volume determining method and apparatus is disclosed having a piston sealably engaged in a container cylinder with a precision bore sight tube sealably mounted on the piston. Fluid is filled in the closed assembly to a predetermined level on a scale with the sight tube. The piston is withdrawn from the cylinder and the article to be measured inserted on a spring biased basket lifted up out of the fluid. The piston is replaced in the cylinder and locked tight, and the assembly vibrated to establish a new measuring level in the sight tube. Readings are taken in the sight tube with a miniature cross-linked polystyrene sphere floating on the surface of a liquid having a density between approximately 1.05 and 1.18 grams per cubic centimeter and containing a surface active agent and an anti-vaporization agent.

Abstract: A probe is described which can be installed in a side hole that extends from a bore hole in the earth, to assess the permeability of the strata surrounding the borehole. The probe is elongated and has a plurality of seals spaced therealong and sealed to the walls of the side hole to form a plurality of chambers sealed from one another. A tracer fluid injector on the probe can inject a tracer fluid into one of the chambers, while a tracer fluid detector located in another chamber can detect the tracer fluid, to thereby sense the permeability of the strata surrounding the side hole. The probe can include a train of modules, with each module having an inflatable packer which is inflated by the difference between the borehole pressure and the strata pressure.

Abstract: Apparatus for the dynamic testing of a pair of meshing gear wheels by driving one and restraining the rotation of the other, in which the two gear wheels under test are held in mesh with one another and carried by separate rotary supports comprising pairs of aligned rotary spindles, having means for clamping a wheel under test between facing ends thereof, one spindle of each pair being axially displaceable to effect such clamping and the other spindle of each pair being connected to a rotary electrical machine which can function both as a motor and a brake; accelerometer transducers are mounted on the said one spindle of each pair to rotate therewith and thus with the wheels under test, the output signals from the transducers are fed via slip rings to processing circuits including means for summing and squaring them before passing the processed signals for display.

Abstract: In a device for detecting fluid flow, an elongated body, such as a wire, is supported so that when a substantial portion of its length is exposed to a flowing fluid with the longitudinal axis of said portion arranged substantially transverse to the fluid flow, said portion can be caused to vibrate by vortex shedding; an electromechanical transducer is coupled to the body so as to produce an electrical signal in response to the vibration; and either the presence of the electrical signal is detected, for operation as a safety switch, or the frequency of the vibrations is detected, for measurement of fluid flow rate, fluid velocity etc.

Abstract: Undesired deposits accummulating on the surface of a temperature-varying airflow sensing resistor are burned off periodically by increasing the current through it. To eliminate errors caused by a reversal in the direction of airflow, a temperature independent resistor is placed downstream of the temperature-varying resistor and is maintained at the same operating temperature as the latter.

Abstract: A depth gauge, of the type having a dial with a graduated scale over which an indicator needle is movable by a manometer unit housed in a capsule filled with liquid which communicates ambient pressure to a pressure-sensitive element of the manometer, in which there are provided calibration means for adjusting the pressure within the capsule with respect to the external ambient pressure in order to adjust the needle setting to zero immediately prior to use. The capsule may have one or two flexible walls and the calibration means include a screw threaded element, which may be part of a casing for the capsule or may be screwed into a part of this casing, which engages the resiliently flexible wall and causes flexure of it one way or the other when screwed in one direction or the other, to increase or reduce the pressure in the liquid filling the capsule with respect to the external ambient pressure.

Abstract: A probe assembly is provided which includes a housing, at least one sensing element extending through a passageway in a wall of the housing and a sealing packing element mounted in the passageway for effecting a pressure-tight seal between the sensing element and passageway. The housing has a generally pipe-shaped neck portion, one end of which has disposed thereacross the housing wall through which the passageway extends, and the sensing element is at least partially disposed in the neck portion in a direction generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the neck portion. The neck portion is filled with a heat-resistant, porous filler material, which prevents damage to the sealing packing element.

Abstract: A device for monitoring the supply of electrically conductive recording fluid in a supply container for ink recording devices and other recording devices utilizing recording fluid, employing electrodes which are wetted by recording fluid and a circuit arrangement which detects the electrical resistance between the electrodes and triggers a display device when the amount of recording fluid falls below a specific volume, in which a plurality of electrodes are provided within the supply container, two electrodes of which define therebetween a fluid-specific standard resistance, formed by the recording fluid, and two electrodes defined therebetween a resistance, formed by the recording fluid, which changes in dependence upon the level of the fluid, with at least those electrodes which detect the fluid-specific standard resistance being disposed in an area of the supply container which is constantly wetted by fluid.

Abstract: The temperature sensors shown utilize a constant frequency fluidic oscillr to excite resonance tubes, whose frequency response is a function of temperature. The outputs of these sensors control a fluidic amplifier, whose output is rectified and filtered to produce a D.C. fluid signal which is a function of the sensed temperature. Different embodiments utilize resonance tubes excited in phase or 180.degree. out of phase to sense the difference between two temperatures or to provide increased sensitivity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining a sample of liquid, e.g. water, from near the bottom of a liquid-filled container, e.g. a crude or other refined oil-filled cargo tank. The method utilizes a sampling apparatus comprising a conduit, closable at its upper end, which is attached to a water-sounding bob to be lowered therewith. When the bob is on the bottom of the tank, and the conduit is thus positioned as desired above the bottom, the conduit is opened to permit the liquid at the depth being sampled to flow upward in the conduit to a level approximately equal to the liquid level in the tank. A suction is then applied to the upper end of the conduit to recover this bottom sample. The conduit is normally stored on a reel which is also used to raise and lower the conduit and a hand-held pump is used to apply the suction. This makes the apparatus portable, totally self-contained and readily available when needed.

Abstract: A portable in situ psychrometric test apparatus and method for determining, without the use of standard environmental test rooms, the capacity that an air conditioner would exhibit when operated under predetermined standard environmental test conditions. Mutually isolated air flow chambers are detachably mounted to the air intake and air discharge openings of the conditioner. Samples of air flowing through the chambers under normal operation of the conditioner are withdrawn and wet bulb/dry bulb measurements taken at the end of a predetermined operating period. Air velocity through the chambers and condenser environmental air dry bulb temperature are also measured. These measurements give in situ operating capacity which is then converted, using predetermined empirically derived correction factors, to operating capacity under standard environmental conditions.

Abstract: This system monitors the operation of ball bearings in rotating machinery by continuously measuring the radial deflections of the outer race of these bearings using a fiber optic proximity probe. A second sensor is used to measure the rate of rotation of the machine's shaft. One of the frequency components in the signal produced by the proximity probe will be equal to the rate at which the balls in the bearing pass by the probe. The ratio of this ball pass frequency to the rotation frequency from the second probe is computed. The ratio of the peak value to the RMS value of the higher frequency noise components from the proximity probe signal is also computed. These two ratios are used to predict oncoming bearing failures and to determine if bearings have been properly installed. The component of the proximity probe output which is at the frequency of rotation of the rotor may be filtered and its phase angle may be measured to determine the angular placement of any unbalanced weight on the rotor.

Abstract: An overhead arm assembly particularly suited for selectively positioning ultrasonic medical diagnostic equipment. The assembly is comprised of three interconnected pivot arms having both dynamic and static counterweights and arranged so that the outermost or third arm is always vertically oriented. A work element manipulation assembly is rotatably mounted to the third arm adjacent the distal end thereof and a scan arm assembly is mounted to the manipulation assembly. The manipulation assembly includes means for setting the angular orientation of a plane in which the scan arm assembly is constrained and means for selectively shifting the scan arm assembly to other, parallel planes of constraint. The scan arm assembly is dynamically counterweighted and is comprised of pivotally interconnected scan arms which carry a work element such as an ultrasonic transducer.

Abstract: An ultrasonic probe for measuring liquids at high temperature and under high pressure. The ultrasonic probe comprises a leak-tight protective sleeve which has an end face closed by a thin metallic wall. The protective sleeve contained internal elements which are in particular a transducing piezoelectric plate and a damping cylinder. The piezoelectric element has one face which is in mechanical and electrical contact with the internal face of the thin sleeve wall and the other face which is supported on a damping cylinder. The thin sleeve wall of the sleeve end face is constituted by a metallic layer obtained by cathodic sputtering.

Abstract: The apparatus includes first and second support elements of fused quartz and an intermediately positioned thin diaphragm of the same material. Each support element has a recess in one surface which defines a support surface. The support elements are oriented so that the support surfaces contact and support opposite surfaces of the diaphragm. There are openings in each support element which extend between the recess and the exterior of the element, through which openings a reference pressure and the pressure to be measured are directed. The support surfaces of the support elements and the diaphragm are bonded together so as to form a dimensionally stable, unitized apparatus. Thin film capacitor plates are provided on both surfaces of the diaphragm and in the recesses of both support elements to define two capacitors. Electrically conductive leads extend from the capacitor plates to the exterior of the apparatus, so that the capacitance of the capacitors can be measured.

Abstract: Excess pressure being supplied to a pressure gauge is controllably relieved through the gauge cavity and an unsealed aperture in a spring-like crystal. A sleeve member extends transversely in a forced engagement between the inside face of the crystal and an annular gasket compressed in surrounding relation about the inlet of the Bourdon tube. The gasket normally seals the passage clearance about the tube inlet against supply pressure leakage therepast but in response to an overpressure is displaced inwardly toward the cavity until leakage can occur. Concomitant displacement of the sleeve member deflects the crystal outwardly a like amount afforded by its spring rate matched in correlation with the maximum anticipated overpressure to be provided for.

Abstract: A rotary valve device for the selective connection of a pressure sensing device to any one of a number of separate pressure lines in a hydraulic control system, the selector valve comprising a cylindrical valve base with axial pressure line bores on a circle and a pressure relief bore on a larger radius, each bore having arranged therein a spring-loaded valve with a valve plunger whose protruding head cooperates with a rotatable selector disc. The selector disc, settable by means of a selector sleeve, carries a selector cam for the pressure line valves and a series of pressure relief cams for the pressure relief valve which is opened half-way between adjacent pressure line connection positions. A detent mechanism, with detent cams on the selector disc, positions the device in all pressure line connecting positions and pressure relief positions. A pressure gauge is connected to the pressure line valves via a central connecting cavity.

Abstract: The present test apparatus provides for the simultaneous loading of a test sample with longitudinal forces and with torque. For this purpose a piston rod of a longitudinal loading cylinder and a piston of a torque cylinder are coupled for relative axial movement by a fork connected to the piston rod of the longitudinal loading cylinder and guided in a torque transmitting member connected to the piston of the torque cylinder. Frictional forces and play are minimized by providing the fork ends with bearing surfaces and providing the torque transmitting member with both stationary and tiltable bearings which may be adjustable. Another embodiment provides that the bearings of the torque transmitting member are hydrostatic bearings to further reduce friction.

Abstract: A control apparatus is disclosed for regulating the movement of a control stem which is biased in a given direction. The apparatus comprises a housing forming a chamber and a plurality of passages. The chamber receives the control stem in its direction of bias, the latter abutting against a restraining sphere disposed in the chamber. A pair of pistons are movably disposed in remaining ones of the passages to maintain the sphere in the chamber. The pistons are movable to allow the sphere to enter a passage so that the stem can move further into the chamber. The pistons can be moved manually or automatically, as by means of a fusible element which melts in response to the heat of a fire.

Abstract: A vibratory device has a vibrating chassis disposed horizontally or inclined and which is actuated by linear vibration by means of a vibrator having two unbalanced shafts rotating synchronously in opposite directions. For obtaining continuous regulation, during functional operation, of the reciprocal angular phase displacement of the unbalancing masses, the unbalanced shafts are connected with two drive shafts coupled by a chain. The two runs of the chain can be altered in length by adjustment of a pivoting lever.

Abstract: The invention contemplates an improved traction-drive transmission of the variety in which plural planet wheels are radially displaceable in orbital motion about an axially opposed pair of axially shiftable sun wheels and within an axially opposed pair of rotationally fixed reaction rings, said planet wheels having constant angular-contact with the wheels and rings of both pairs. An axially fixed pivotal reference between the sun wheels is used for linked connection of the sun wheels such that displacement of the respective sun wheels is always equal in magnitude but in opposite axial directions with respect to the axially fixed reference, thus assuring that the instantaneous radius of planet-wheel orbit between the sun wheel and reaction ring on one axial side of the fixed reference will at all times match the instantaneous radius of planet-wheel orbit between the sun wheel and reaction ring on the other axial side of the fixed reference.

Abstract: A friction gear permanent magnetic entrainment means for rolling transmission of motion in combination with a magnetic-technical system having one magnetic circuit comprising at least two magnets and at least one operating air gap, including a frame being composed of symmetrically arranged permanent magnets and symmetrically arranged mild iron or steel parts, with the mild iron or steel parts arranged between analogous poles of the magnets forming central frontal surfaces drawn into the interior of the frame, which central frontal surfaces are opposing one another forming an operating air gap with opposite polarities in the direction of magnetizing.

Abstract: A belt drive transmission comprises a plurality of belt pulleys over which passes at least one stretched drive belt composed of elastomeric material and having a substantially rectangular cross-section. At least one of the pulleys, especially a relatively small diameter drive pulley, has a belt-receiving peripheral groove of which the main side portions lie at different angles to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pulley. The bottom of the groove is formed with a radially inwards convergent channel of which the width at the widest part is substantially equal to the width of the narrower edge of the belt while the depth of said channel is at least as great as the width of the narrower edge of the belt. In a stationary non-driving condition the belt lies against the main side portion of the groove which is at the greater angle to said plane perpendicular to the pulley axis, but under driving conditions at speed the belt moves into said channel.

Abstract: A tandem-belt variable-speed transmission has a pair of shafts each provided with a pair of outer disks flanking an intermediate disk forming therewith a pair of nips each receiving a respective belt. One of each of the outer disks is fixed on the shaft and the other outer disk is axially displaceable on the shaft. The intermediate disk of each pulley is rotationally coupled to one of the respective outer disks and is axially displaceable relative to both disks. An adjustment member is rotationally fixed but axially shiftable on one of the shafts and is connected via a link to the movable disk of the other shaft for varying the pitch of the pulleys. A pressure element and a formation on the movable member of the one shaft and on the adjustment member rotationally couple this movable member to the one shaft.

Abstract: Metal stock is forged into a blank consisting of a rod-like shank joined at one end to the inner ends of a pair of forks having enlarged flattened outer ends projecting laterally of the forks in the same direction and provided with pin-receiving openings. One fork is aligned with the shank and the other fork extends laterally away from the shank and then outwardly, with its enlarged end projecting toward the other fork. Both forks are then twisted in the same direction to turn their flattened ends approximately 45.degree. into spaced parallel planes, and the longer fork is bent to move its flattened end into a position in which its opening is axially aligned with the opening in the other enlarged end.

Abstract: An operating lever assembly for a bicycle derailleur has a rotor having a rotational resistance greater than the force of a return spring at the derailleur and a lever body freely rotatable, and is provided with a gap at a portion where the rotor is coupled to a lever body, within which gap the lever body is allowed to be freely rotatable, so that the lever body is, when turned or rotated against the return spring force, capable of being returned a certain extent by the force of the derailleur return spring.

Abstract: A power transmission having three distinct ranges: (1) hydrostatic, (2) simple power-split hydromechanical, and (3) compound power-split hydromechanical. A single compound planetary assembly has two sun gears, two ring gears, and a single carrier with two sets of elongated planet gears. The two sun gears may be identical in size, and the two ring gears may be identical in size. A speed-varying module in driving relationship to the first sun gear is clutchable, in turn, to (1) the input shaft and (2) the second sun gear. The speed-varying means may comprise a pair of hydraulic units hydraulically interconnected so that one serves as a pump while the other serves as a motor and vice versa, one of the units having a variable stroke and being the one clutchable to either the input shaft or to the second sun gear. The other unit, which may have a fixed stroke, is connected in driving relation to the first sun gear.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cutting a web into a specified length in which an upper cutting edge and a lower cutting edge are provided respectively above and below the web run at a constant speed. The web is cut into the specified length by moving said upper cutting edge vertically while said upper and lower cutting edges are swung in the web movement direction. The swinging and vertical movements of said cutting edges are accomplished by rotation of an eccentric crank shaft driven by a DC motor. A rotation angle of the eccentric crank shaft and a movement length of said web are outputs provided in the form of pulses, respectively, in order to coincide a movement speed of the web with a swinging speed of the cutting edges in cutting said web.

Abstract: An automatic meat arranging device is adapted to send meat slices sequentially cut by an automatic meat cutting machine and regularly overlappingly arrange the meat slices on a meat tray which are sent by a meat slice conveying means and meat tray conveying means.

Abstract: A carton for cutting and dispensing sheet material in flattened form with a cutter mechanism for effecting same. The cutter is part of an upper bar suitably attached to the top wall member of the carton with the top normally maintained open by a spring carried by one or both of separate plastic end cap members. The upper bar also carries a pair of parallel plate-like members which extend laterally for substantially the full length of the carton and engages and wipes past a pair of similar parallel plate-like members on a lower bar attached to the front panel. This wiping action places the sheet material, which is manually positioned to overlie the lower bar, in tension with the cutter severing the tensioned sheet material.

Abstract: A cant or plank is moved forwardly on a conveyor system, where its irregular leading lateral edge is measured by a plurality of fixed scanners. In response to measurement of the cant, conveyor movement is altered for orienting the cant relative to a fixed saw line to be executed by a movable saw. The cant is held or clamped in stationary position while the saw is moved on a carriage relative thereto, resulting in severing of the undesired irregular forward edge. The sawn edge is employed as a reference as the cant is then moved forwardly on a conveyor system, where the measurements obtained from the scanners may be further utilized in cutting the cant into desired widths.

Abstract: A circular saw is provided which comprises two blades, one blade being locked at a fixed point of the driving shaft, and the other being rigid, a bushing coupled to a sleeve rotating with said driving shaft. The bushing slides along the sleeve, under the action of a lead nut coupled to a screw or a worm driving shaft rotated by a geared motor. By appropriate rotation of the driving shaft it is possible to vary continuously the distance between the two blades.

Abstract: An acoustic signal generator circuit produces electrical acoustic signals ose frequency spectrum and envelop curve respectively determine the acoustic parameters, pitch and timbre and, respectively, the change in amplitude with time and accordingly the volume, attack and decay phenomena and also quasi stationary behavior of the corresponding sound. There is a manually actuated control device for influencing at least one part of the acoustic parameters. The control device can be constructed in a manner similar to an accordion with a blow bellows and at least one keyboard.

Abstract: An electronic organ or the like is provided with a plurality of frequency generators greatly less than the number of keys on the organ. Each generator is capable of producing an electrical oscillation of proper frequency for any musical note on the organ keyboard. The frequency generators are assigned to the desired frequency called for by depression of any key. Pulses are dropped, preferably in different numbers, from the frequency generators to avoid locking of oscillators in any musically desirable relationship to one another, including octave or harmonic relation.

Abstract: A digital electronic tuning device is provided in which an arrangement of light-emitting diodes [LED's] or other display elements indicates when two frequencies are equal. If the frequencies are unequal, the device provides an indication of both the magnitude and direction of the inequality. For use as a tuner of musical instruments, one frequency is provided by a preset clock while the second frequency derives from the musical instrument under test. In operation, a circular pattern of lights on the display elements appears stationary when the instrument is in tune and appears to rotate or spin when the instrument is out of tune. Some information about the harmonic content of the frequency of the signal under test may also be read from the device. In one embodiment, the invention may be used in connection with a stepping motor to automatically tune an instrument.

Abstract: An auxiliary firing mechanism (26) used to actuate a tripper for a gun trigger includes a remote actuator (28) connected to the tripper by an elongated connector such as a cable (30) that is moved by the cooperable action of a control member (68) and a rotatably and axially movable actuator member (74) of the actuator. Camming surfaces (90,92) of the control member and the actuator member of the actuator move the control member from a first position to a second position against a spring bias (76) thereof in order to actuate the tripper and thereby trip the gun trigger whereupon the camming surface (92) of the actuator member moves out of engagement with the camming surface (90) of the control member in order to allow the control member to be moved back to the first position by its spring bias. Axial and rotational movement of the actuator member then again engages the camming surfaces of the control and actuator members in preparation for another actuation of the tripper.

Abstract: A pressure operated valve actuator is disclosed. In the preferred embodiment, fluid under pressure is introduced at either end to actuate the device. The device includes a cylindrical body having top and bottom end caps which close the body. On the interior, there is a central shaft which is rotated. A piston traverses the internal cavity of the housing, the piston being urged by pressure introduced above or below the piston. The piston is prevented from rotation by specified guide posts. As the piston traverses the length of the apparatus, engagement is made by the piston and the central shaft with helical grooves receiving a ball bearing. This achieves rotational motion from the linear movement of the piston to the central shaft. This rotational movement is imparted to the shaft, and, dependent on scale factors, a specified amount of rotation, such as one-quarter turn, can be obtained. The apparatus functions bidirectionally.

Abstract: A fluid motor and more particularly a fluid motor having an improved piston head structure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the safety and productivity of tunnel workers active in high pressure environments is disclosed. The workers are housed at an intermediate pressure over a "work week" of at least several days and are transported between the tunnel face and the life support chamber in which the workers are housed in a pressurized personnel transport chamber. The housing contains sanitary, sleeping, decompression, storage and dining facilities and is generally located at the tunnel entrance. In the preferred embodiment, the intermediate pressure is about half of the tunnel working pressure but not more than about 20 psig and preferably less than 17 psig. It is expected that a decreased incidence of bone related diseases and bends will result due to the reduced number of full decompressions from the tunnel work environment.

Abstract: A mounting structure for vent systems on vehicles with metallic roof tops including a rigid frame adapted to be welded to the perimeter of an opening in the roof and projecting vertically above the surface of the roof to form a barrier to the passage of moisture. The frame is covered with a resilient frame, one portion of which acts as a seal between the rigid frame and the vent and the remainder of the resilient frame acts as a molding concealing the weld between the rigid frame and the roof of the vehicle. The rigid frame is provided with captive fastener elements which receive complementary fasteners for retaining a vent on the roof structure of the vehicle and at the same time permits easy removal of the vent in the absence of access to the interior of the vehicle.