Abstract: An apparatus is provided for making threaded joints, such as pipe joints, including means for storing and indicating values of the actual torque applied to one of the members being rotated with respect to the other member and values of actual turns made by the one member and a d.c. power supply for powering the storage and indicating means. The power supply is connected to a first source of power such as an a.c.-to-d.c. converter for normal operation. The power supply generates a predetermined magnitude voltage and has means responsive to the predetermined magnitude value for switching to a second source of power, such as a battery, when the first source of power fails. The power supply also includes a d.c.-to-d.c. inverter having transistor switching means connected between a transformer and a power source. The transistor switching means are switched on and off to induce current flow in the transformer secondary to generate the power to the storage and indicating means.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically testing the breaking strength of textiles during the spinning process is disclosed. A yarn clamping means affixed to a breaking assembly is rotatably mounted to an automatic timer which is pre-programmed to break yarn at set intervals. The spinning yarn is passed through a tension sensing device which measures the strength of the yarn at the breaking point, after the clamping means rotates, catches, and breaks the yarn. The clamping means then rotates back to the original position and restores and recombines the yarn as new feed yarn.

Abstract: Radial and axial bearings support an axle shaft attached to a flywheel apparatus to provide rotational support and limit axial movement during rotation of the flywheel. A cage generally surrounding the flywheel and receiving the flywheel within its hollow interior includes a cylindrically shaped side wall positioned adjacent to and concentric with the outside surface of the flywheel to rapidly absorb energy should distortion or shattering of the flywheel occur due to centrifugal force. Means for connecting the flywheel cage to a source of vacuum such as the intake manifold of a thermal engine is utilized to at least partially evacuate the interior of the flywheel cage and thereby increase the ability of the rotating flywheel to store and maintain kinetic energy. A plurality of lubricant passages and reservoirs supply lubricant to the bearings associated with the axle shaft of the flywheel.

Abstract: An engine starter drive assembly is disclosed of the type including a pinion gear moveable from a rest position to a driving position in engagement with gear teeth formed on an engine flywheel, the pinion adapted to be rotated by the starter motor in order to start the engine after engaging the flywheel teeth. In order to be properly located with respect to the flywheel gear teeth, the pinion gear moves axially into engagement with a fixed stop located at a predetermined position to produce proper engagementof the pinion with the flywheel teeth. The starter also includes an antidrift compression spring and washer assembly biasing the pinion gear against axial movement out of the retracted position. The disclosed starter assembly features a shielding cup supported on the fixed stop and extending towards the pinion gear hub extension to enclose the space therebetween, preventing the build-up of foreign matter tending to interfere with the axial movement of the pinion gear.

Abstract: Drive mechanism for a four-wheel-drive tractor, comprising a pair of input shafts in double tube construction with one fitted to nest in the other, main gearing shaft assembly, differential gearing, front-wheel-drive-shaft assembly, gearing wheels provided in both frontal and rear portions of the front-wheel-drive-shaft assembly, a power-take-off shaft and a drive shaft-assembly. Driving power taken out from the gearing wheel provided in front portion of the front-wheel-drive-shaft assembly is transmitted to front wheels via a transmission shaft with a mating gear, disposed at an underbelly portion of the tractor. The drive assembly is provided above the differential gearing. With this construction, the front-wheel-drive-shaft can be made short, sufficient empty space height can be provided in the underbelly portion of the tractor, and the transmission housing can be minimized.

Abstract: A drive for operating a punching tool comprises a toggle-joint lever to one of whose lever members the punching tool is operatively connected. The second lever member of the toggle-joint forms part of a quadrilateral linkage. This linkage consists of the second lever member, a first transverse lever member linked at one end to the second lever member and at the other end to another lever element, and a second transverse lever member linked at one end to the other lever element. The first transverse lever member is a two-armed lever supported on a fixed pivot near its linkage to the second lever member for pivoting the two-armed lever about the fixed pivot. The second transverse lever member and the other lever element are linked to a crank drive.

Abstract: A control for the automatic shifting of a multi-ratio power transmission. A memory is provided and programmed with the optimum vehicle speed shift points for upshift and downshift from each gear of the automatic range. The actual speed of the vehicle is periodically sampled, and each time it is, such speed is compared with the shift points for the gear which the transmission is in to see if a shift from such gear should be made. If it is determined from the speed sample that an upshift should be made, then the upshift speed points of higher gears are examined with reference to such speed sample to find the gear to which the transmission should be upshifted, i.e., the gear just above the highest gear having an upshift speed point which is less than the sampled speed. Having found such gear, the transmission is shifted thereto.

Abstract: Nutating drives of the prior art have suffered from a problem of rotational unbalance. Such drives (10) include an outer rotatable structure (14) rotatable about its axis (16) and having a generally cylindrical cavity (18) axially therein, an axis (20) of said cavity being at an angle from the axis of rotation (16) of the rotatable structure (14), a generally cylindrical nutatable member (22) nutatably mounted within said cavity and a generally conically surfaced member (26) in contact with a generally cylindrical surface (28) of the nutatable member (22), said generally conically surfaced member (26) having an output shaft (30) generally coaxial with the axis of the rotatable structure. This problem of the prior art is solved by a structure which does not create rotational unbalance and which allows full nutation of the nutatable member while preventing it from rotating.

Abstract: Steering column coupling device, characterized by the fact that it consists mainly in providing a steering column in two parts, whereby one part is provided so as to be able to be removed in a simple manner, or respectively refitted, so that the connection between the steering column and the steering wheel can be severed, or respectively re-established.

Abstract: A torsional balancer device for a rotary shaft such as for a piston engine comprises a primary mass mounted upon the rotary shaft and a secondary mass resiliently supported and mounted with respect to the primary mass so as to be capable of resilient rotational movement with respect thereto. The primary and secondary masses have mutually facing surfaces which define a working space and a viscous damping agent is in the working space. The mutually facing surfaces have profiled configurations so as to form a plurality of chambers the widths of which are varied during relative vibration of the secondary mass with respect to the primary mass. The configurations may comprise coregistering ribs and grooves which have various cross-sectional shapes.

Abstract: An electronically controlled transmission system includes an engine driven torque converter driving a planetary gear transmission. The torque converter is lockable by a lockup solenoid valve to provide a direct through drive and the planetary gear transmission is shiftable among a plurality of gear ratios by selected operation of solenoid operated valves which control power to clutch- and brake-selected transmission gears. An automatic electronic control provides for a "work" mode of transmission operation wherein a shift control provides for manual shifting over a first set of selected gear ratios and for automatic, speed dependent shifting over a second set of selected gear ratios while torque converter lockup inhibition is provided for both sets of ratios.

Abstract: An improved spindle control mechanism for a lathe that includes, in preferred form, a rotatable control knob operably related to a plurality of spindle motor control and servo-control switches by a switch drum fixed thereto and operably connected to a spindle transmission through a control shaft by a connector link pivoted in an eccentric position at one end to the control knob and pivoted at the other end to a lever arm fixed to the control shaft. Rotation of the control knob into a forward position simultaneously translates the lathe's transmission into a forward spindle rotation position and starts the spindle drive motor. Rotation of the control knob into an intermediate stop position simultaneously stops the spindle drive motor and activates the spindle servo-control switch (which permits the spindle's rotation speed to be changed by a separate spindle servo-control mechanism, if desired).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cutting blocks of bulk material such as cheese and the like into slabs and bars wherein an elongate cutter filament is supported by and between supply and take-up spools so as to extend transversely of a slab cutting station adapted to receive a block of bulk material therein. The supply and take-up spools are operable to move the cutter filament through the block to sequentially cut slabs therefrom and to incrementally advance the cutter filament after each cut so as to remove any given segment of the cutter filament from the effective cutting length before it fatigues to possible failure. After cutting slabs from the block, the slabs are passed through a bar cutter die operative to cut the slab into a plurality of bars of substantially uniform size and weight.

Abstract: A cutting mechanism including a backing roller having a longitudinal axis of rotation and a rotatably mounted cutting member having a cutting edge and a longitudinal axis of rotation disposed parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller member. The backing roller is freely rotatably mounted about its axis of rotation. Thus, the cutting member cuts at different locations along the circumferential surface of the backing roller each time. The backing roller is resiliently mounted to float in a direction transverse to a plane extending vertically through its axis of rotation. The roller is mounted on a carrier body that is laterally movable to effect movement of the roller in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller. Unique timing belt and gear drive mechanisms are used to effect driving of the draw rollers and cutting devices. A particular guide mechanism is used to direct the tear strip from a supply to the point where it is superimposed on a web of wrapping material.

Abstract: Drafts of preselected weight are sliced into a preselected number of slices by passing the material to be sliced through a curtain of radiation to measure the density of the material, and this measurement is used to calculate the length of each draft, which measurement is stored and subsequently read out to control the operation of a stepping hydroelectric motor which pushes the material through a cutting station at the proper speed.

Abstract: Precise adjustment in the angular relationship between the converging paths of a pair rotary saw blades, is accommodated by the pivotal mounting of each motor driven saw blade assembly on an adjustment support plate carried by a common base fixed to the cabinet frame of a miter saw machine. The support plates are angularly adjustable about pivot pins having vertical axes perpendicular to the pivotal axes of the saw blade assemblies and intersecting the rotational axes of the saw blades.

Abstract: A control system for a hydraulic punch press is adapted to dissipate the energy stored in a hydraulic actuator so that the punch will exit the workpiece without substantial release impact. The control system includes a signal generator for producing a progressively increasing command signal while the punch penetrates the workpiece, a position transducer for producing a negative feedback signal indicating the actual punch position during such penetration, and a summing point for supplying the difference between the command and actual signals as an error signal to a servovalve used to control operation of the actuator.

Abstract: A jig for bandsaws (typically meat cutting bandsaws) is described. The jig comprises a main frame (10) which is adapted by rollers (18,20) to be received in the guides normally fitted to a bandsaw to receive and guide a sliding table thereon; a sub-frame (26) movable relative to the main frame in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement dictated by the rollers (18,20); a spring (48) for returning the sub-frame to a rest position on the main frame; a magazine (32) mounted on the sub-frame (26), having a thrust member (76) slidable therealong to enable a slab of meat to be pushed forwardly along the magazine into a position in which its leading end overhangs the end of the magazine and is ready to be severed by a bandsaw blade (82). The thrust member (76) is slidable parallel to the direction of movement of the sub-frame (26) relative to the main frame (10).

Abstract: Apparatus for accurately cutting logs and large timbers at selected angles with a chain saw is disclosed. The invention includes a base framework which works in combination with a support table. The base framework includes vertical rods mounted to the base framework. The bar of the chain saw is secured to guides which slide up and down on the rods. The chain saw and base framework combination are pivotally secured to the support table such that the chain saw blade can be positioned at various angles with respect to the log or other material being cut. Once the angle has been selected, the chain saw and base framework combination are secured to the support table such that the angle at which the logs are cut will remain constant as the saw is operated. One embodiment includes means for counter balancing the chain saw weight to aid in operation of the saw.

Abstract: Random rhythm-pattern generators have been proposed that can select one of several rhythm-patterns (i.e. pulse trains with different repetition cycles) prepared beforehand, change their playing order, and if necessary change the kind of instrumental musical sounds whenever the beating reaches a predetermined number, in order to produce a random accompaniment rhythm sound. The prior art rhythm-pattern generators played the rhythm-patterns only in a fixed order. Therefore, they had the disadvantage of providing a musical performance which was monotonous. According to this invention, this monotony of performance can be avoided because of the following construction: a random pulse generator supplies output pulses representing plural bits of a binary number to a decoder that in turn supplies an output pulse randomly to designate one of the pulse trains with different repetition cycles.

Abstract: A data encoder for use with a time multiplexed electronic organ or the like comprises a multiple stage shift register, means for simultaneously loading a predetermined pattern of logic bits in the shift register in response to a key down representative data pulse and means for coupling the output of the shift register to one of the data channels of the organ. In a first mode, the data encoder is operable as a fill-note generator wherein the shift register is loaded in response to an upper manual key down representative data pulse and lower manual key down representative data pulses are coupled to the upper manual data channel of the organ according to the output of the shift register. In a second mode, the data encoder is operable as a chimes generator wherein the shift register is loaded in response to an upper manual key down representative data pulse and the output of the shift register is coupled to the upper manual data channel of the organ.

Abstract: A device for producing an ensemble effect in an electronic musical instrument. The device has a plurality of parallel electronic delay circuits adapted to be supplied with a musical tone signal, delay time modulating circuits coupled to each of said delay circuits for modulating the delay time in each delay circuit, a modulating signal generating circuit arrangement coupled to the delay time modulating circuits for supplying modulating signals to the respective delay time modulating circuits which are different from each other and the frequencies of which are in an integral multiple relationship to each other. Amplifiers are coupled to each of the delay circuits for amplifying the output thereof, and the amplifier outputs are mixed either electronically or acoustically.

Abstract: A guitar or other fretted stringed musical instrument includes intonation adjustment means comprising an aperture underlying a string at the instrument's bridge and a saddle rotatably received within the aperture. The saddle carries a string supporting surface operable in a cam-like manner for adjusting the vibrating length of the string in response to rotation of the saddle within the aperture.

Abstract: A combination drum tuning key and cymbal holder is made of an integral T-shaped tool having a handle connected to a barrel, the barrel defining a square-shaped internal cavity for drum tuning, the internal walls of the cavity also being grooved so that the tool can be threadedly attached to the threaded end of a stand to secure a cymbal.

Abstract: A unique two-part fastener consisting of a pin and a tubular member in which the pin has substantially identical annular grooves formed along a major portion thereof and in which the annular grooves provide combination grooves some of which functions as locking grooves, a selected one which functions as a breakneck groove and others which can function as the pull grooves with a unique relationship between the grooves and a swaged portion of the tubular member so that as the fastener is set, the pin will break off in a preselected one of the combination grooves within the outer end of the tubular member.

Abstract: To fasten by screwing an object on to a metal plate 9 drilled with a noncircular hole 12, recourse is had to a clip made from a moulded plastic material comprising a socket 1 adapted to receive a screw and extended by a flange 5. In the wall of the socket there are provided two grooves 10 in the form of a U each surrounding a thickened portion 7, said portion being connected to the inner edge of the flange by a bridge 11 and nipping, during screwing of the screw into the socket, the edge of the metal plate by bending around this bridge.

Abstract: Improved apparatus and method are disclosed for compacting pyrotechnical charges into low strength cases. The charges are precompacted outside the cases and then inserted into the cases for final compaction.

Abstract: A firearm alignment and support apparatus is disclosed, including a vertical support member, an alignment and holding unit and a firearm cradle unit. The apparatus is designed for use with a conventional surveyor's tripod, and is primarily for use in the surveying method known as vertical projection surveying.

Abstract: A safety mechanism for a firearm includes a hammer block engageable with the hammer to prevent the hammer from moving into engagement with the firing pin. The hammer block is manually shifted between its active and inactive positions through a safety cam having a positive driving connection with the block. As the cam is moved to shift the block from its non-blocking to its blocking position, the cam also engages the sear to release the sear from the trigger and to allow the hammer to move from its cocked position into a safety position in engagement with the hammer block. A compact arrangement is obtained by having the safety cam non-rotatably carried by an operating shaft which also serves as the pivot pin for the hammer and by having the hammer spring received in a hammer recess in surrounding relation to the safety cam operating shaft. The hammer block and sear are also mounted on a single pivot pin common to the two parts.

Abstract: A high efficiency propulsion system for launching a rocket or projectile h higher delivered specific impulse than can be delivered with a given propellant using a conventional rocket or recoilless gun and still maintain a recoilless launch condition.

Abstract: An air launched cruise missile carrier airplane having a floor mounted track system for moving missile racks into a launch position adjacent to a side opening in the fuselage and ejecting missiles therethrough, then moving the empty missile racks from the launch location and repositioning a full rack of missiles thereat. A continuous missile launching sequence is provided by the floor track system which guides the movement of the missile racks within a cargo compartment of the fuselage for a continuous carousel movement.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake booster having a mechanical ratio changing mechanism between the booster input rod and one of the booster valve control members. The mechanism includes reaction levers pivotally mounted on the input valve control member and on a support member so that in normal booster operation the levers operate to move the input valve control member at a faster rate than the input rod, while the levers pivot to permit direct mechanical transmission of force from the input rod through the booster when no power or insufficient power is available to operate the booster.

Abstract: A power steering mechanism for a vehicle which comprises a housing defining a cavity in which is rotatably mounted a rotary steering control member, with a driving piston connected to a member in the steering gear of the vehicle, the piston separating two pressure chambers of the housing. The driving piston also comprises a bore having an open end through which axially extends a screw-threaded spindle of the rotary steering control member. A disc-shaped distributing chamber is defined in said driving piston, and is coaxial with the spindle. The piston supports a nut element in screw-threaded engagement with said screwthreaded spindle, said nut element being prevented to move axially with respect to the piston, and allowed to rotate within a limited angular range.

Abstract: A fluid pressure actuated piston is slidably carried in a fluid pressure actuated cylinder which, in turn, is slidably carried in a fixed carrier. Forward axial movement of the cylinder is restricted by a hydraulic pressure balance condition which is created by reducing the rearward surface area of the cylinder. The cylinder is maintained in a pressure balanced condition during the entire operation of the piston assembly. After the piston moves axially forward a predetermined distance, it engages the cylinder and urges the cyliner axially forward the same distance traveled by the piston. The piston's maximum axial movement is thereby extended by the distance the cylinder travels. The output force of the piston is substantially unaffected by the force imposed on the cylinder. Also, the cylinder does not provide any work force area.

Abstract: A plunger comprises a carrier and a hollow sleeve portion extending around a portion of the carrier. The sleeve portion rests between longitudinally spaced radial shoulders of the carrier. A portion of the carrier disposed within the sleeve is radially spaced from the sleeve to form a gap, which gap is pressurized to counteract pressures acting exteriorly on the sleeve portion. The gap can communicate with the environment surrounding the plunger so that external pressures pressurize the gap before or during plunger operation. The carrier may comprise a body portion and a cover portion which are connected by means of extensions which project through the sleeve portion. The sleeve portion can be formed of a material having a smaller coefficient of expansion than the body portion or cover portion.

Abstract: The container of the present invention includes polygonal sidewalls with at least some of the upper edges of the side walls each having a container locking flap thereon and with at least one other of the side walls being free from locking flaps. The lid has polygonal edge walls sized to matingly fit over the upper edges of the container side walls. Each of the edge walls of the lid are provided with a lid lock flap which folds upwardly and inwardly with respect to the edge walls and which terminates in an upwardly presented edge spaced downwardly from the top of the lid. When the lid is placed over the top of the container, the lock flaps of the container retentively engage the upwardly presented edges of the lid lock flaps.The lid may be removed after the first locking by severing the lid lock flaps from the lid with a knife or other cutting instrument.

Abstract: A container manufacturing apparatus comprises an endless conveyor continuously movable along a defined path and which has mounted thereon a plurality of mandrels in spaced apart relation. A sidewall blank feeder sequentially feeds blanks to the mandrels before each respective mandrel moves into a wrapping station wherein the sidewall blank is wrapped about the respective mandrel. The mandrel having a wrapped sidewall then moves to a station for receiving a formed bottom closure member after which the bottom closure member and the sidewall carried by the respective mandrel are moved to a station for heating a portion of the bottom closure member and the sidewall blank. After passing through the heating station the mandrel carrying the sidewall blank and bottom closure member moves through a bottom crimping station wherein a portion of the bottom closure member is bonded to a portion of the sidewall blank to form a container.

Abstract: A filter is formed by placing increments of glue in spaced apart relation on a moving stream of plug wrap paper and thereafter depositing alternating fibrous filter sections on the glue increments. Particulate material is then deposited between the fibrous filter sections and the plug wrap paper wrapped about the filter sections to form an endless rod. Two-filter filter plugs are severed from the rod by cutting through the unglued fibrous filter section and thereafter the charges of particulate filter material are compacted by moving the unglued outer filter sections of each plug inwardly. Each plug is then joined to two tobacco columns and cut in half. The resultant filters each have a fibrous filter section at the exposed end glued to the plug wrap paper, a compacted particulate section and an unglued fibrous filter section at the tobacco end.

Abstract: A coffee maker has a reservoir for water connected to a conduit which terminates above a holder for coffee grounds which sits atop a coffee carafe. A heater is provided in this conduit which can heat the water therein and displace it along the conduit into the coffee-ground holder. The heater is energized for a brief period of time to supply a small quantity of the water to the coffee-ground holder, and is then shut down so that this limited quantity of water can brew with and pass through the ground coffee. Thereafter the heater is again energized to heat and displace the rest of the liquid in the reservoir into the holder.

Abstract: A beverage brewer housing structure cooperatively defined by a water heating tank, a portion of a basin overlying the heating tank for receiving poured-in cold water and delivering the water to the heating tank, and a cover overlying the basin. A pour-in drawer may be provided in the cover to be selectively disposable in a retracted disposition within the cover and a pour-in position wherein at least a portion of the drawer is exposed. The cover may be removably secured in the housing structure and in the illustrated embodiment, is secured to the tank.

Abstract: An improved grill device having, in one preferred form, two coal boxes, each coal box being swingable on a horizontal axis between a generally horizontal position and a generally vertical position, the axes being parallel one to another. Novel box support structure is provided for easily locating either coal box in each of the horizontal and vertical positions as selected by the user. In the preferred form, the improved grill device includes a base plate and opposed side plates, the side plates being swingable relative to the base plate between an erect use position and an overlying storage position. A coal box swingable on a horizontal axis relative to the base plate is connected between the side plates when the side plates are erected. Novel box support structure cooperates with novel side plate support structure to maintain the side plates and coal box in the assembled and erect use position.

Abstract: Apparatus for compacting and storing cans comprises a device for crushing cans and storage and collection containers. The can crushing device comprises a ramming head and linear drive means for raising and lowering the ramming head to crush the cans. The cans are positioned upright, in open topped storage containers, beneath the ramming head. When lowered, the ramming head engages the tops of the cans and applies an evenly distributed force thereon so as to crush the cans with minimum bulging, preserving the tops and bottoms of the cans substantially intact. The storage containers are stackable, having upper and lower portions dimensioned to nest together to permit containers of crushed cans to be stacked and stored conveniently and securely.

Abstract: A compressor for cans and the like. First and second plates are pivotally secured to each other for movement between open and closed positions, each of said plates including a planar bearing surface defining a compression area. In a preferred embodiment, the plates are non-parallel in the open position and generally parallel in the closed position with the location of the pivot connection being offset from the planes of both bearing surfaces. This offset facilitates ejection of the compressed material while reducing the forces which tend to prematurely eject the material to be compressed.

Abstract: Apparatus adapted to transport and print around the circumference or portions thereof, and on an endwise portion of the capsules is provided. The apparatus comprises a hopper and capsule transport means adjacent said hopper to receive the capsules from the hopper. The capsules are transported to a wrap-around printing station wherein the desired indicia are imprinted on the capsule as it is spun about its longitudinal axis. At another printing station located along the capsule transport means, a printing roll imprints the desired indicia upon an endwise portion of the capsule. The capsules are rectified, i.e., all the cap portions of the capsule are disposed along the same side of the transport means so that the desired markings may be imprinted upon corresponding portions of each capsule.

Abstract: A newspaper printing system wherein low viscosity newsprint ink and dampening fluid are applied to opposed lithographic printing plates which simultaneously engage opposite sides of a web of porous absorbent newsprint to print on both sides of the web. Each of the inkers comprises an ink metering roller in pressure indented relation with an ink transfer roller having an oleophillic surface, the ink transfer roller being in pressure indented relationship with a single form roller which is in pressure indented relation with one of the printing plates. Each of the dampeners comprises a dampening fluid metering roller in pressure indented relation with a dampening fluid transfer roller having a hydrophilic surface, the dampening fluid transfer roller being in pressure indented relation with the same single form roller such that ink and dampening fluid continuously applied on the single form roller is applied to each of the printing plates.

Abstract: A contant pressure printing mechanism for use with a hand labeler which prints a label: an actuating lever, which is pivotally connected to the frame of the hand labeler, is divided into a hand lever and a printing lever, and both of these levers are also pivotally connected. A printing head is carried by the printing lever. The hand lever and the printing lever are biased to move together as a unit. The operating lever engages a snap mechanism which applies a preset resistance to rotation of the operating lever as the printing lever is turned toward the printing platen. In one embodiment, the snap mechanism includes a pressure roller and a snap bail. The pressure roller is rotatably mounted to either the hand lever or the frame of the hand labeler while the snap bail is mounted pivotally to the other. As the squeezing of the hand lever increases, the operating lever snaps past the snap mechanism and the snap movement urges the printing lever toward the platen.

Abstract: A method for electrostatic assistance of the printing process in printing machines, in which method a printing substrate, being of a material which is not electrically conductive, is passed between a printing cylinder coated with printing ink and a contact pressure roller which mechanically presses the substrate against the cylinder and which is provided with a non-conductive or weakly-conductive outer layer, during which procedure the application of a high voltage between the printing cylinder and at least one of the electrode arrangements running in a longitudinal direction to the contact pressure roller results in electrons and ions being sprayed by corona discharge onto the surface of the contact pressure roller, which, as a result of its rotating and/or its intrinsic conductivity conveys these charged particles into the printing gap and enables them to flow off over this gap, and also a corresponding printing machine.

Abstract: In the representative embodiments of the new and improved methods and apparatus disclosed herein for controlling multicharge perforating guns or core-sampling guns, the gun-control system of the present invention includes a selectively-operable multi-contact switch assembly operative from the surface to sequentially connect a group of electrically-detonatable charges into a firing circuit for consecutively firing the charges on the gun. An array of serially-connected Zener diodes cooperatively associated with the switch assembly provides indications at the surface showing which of the several charges is then connected into the gun-firing circuit. The new and improved gun-control system also includes a shot-monitoring system which provides additional surface indications from which it can be determined whether the charges on the gun are being successfully fired and, at least approximately, that they are being consecutively fired.

Abstract: The electrically initiated squib of this invention is comprised of a plug member with a pair of spaced apart electrical leads extending through the plug member into a holder member for containing a predetermined quantity of an easily-ignitable composition. A bridgewire that is constructed of a bimetallic composite (Pyrofuze) selected from palladium and aluminum, platinum and aluminum, and ruthenium-palladium alloy and aluminum is secured between the electrical lead ends that terminate in the holder member of the squib.

Abstract: A projectile for training ammunition wherein the projectile body is joined at its front end to a dummy detonator. The dummy detonator is constructed as a hollow body and preferably a cap-shaped hollow body.