Abstract: Current having a density higher than a critical value is passed through a polycrystalline resistor doped with impurities at a concentration higher than a critical value to decreasingly correct the initial value of the resistance, thereby trimming the resistance value of the resistor. When the resistor is used in a semiconductor integrated circuit, the current is passed through the existing (not additional) terminals of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for simultaneously terminating a plurality of insulated conductors in the insulation piercing contacts of a multiple contact electrical connector is disclosed. The apparatus includes means for mounting a connector in conductor receiving position, means for aligning the conductors adjacent individual contacts of the connector, means for positioning the insertion tool adjacent the contacts, the insertion tool being movable in a non-arcuate path substantially perpendicular to the planes defined by the contacts of the connector. The apparatus will accommodate connectors of different transverse dimensions without the necessity of any adjustment and includes uniquely configured conductor aligning means which enhance and facilitate the terminating operations.

Abstract: A sheet of sintered PVC battery separator material is folded around a battery plate along the bottom edge thereof and heat sealed to itself along the lateral edges of the plate to form an envelope around the plate. The fold is then contacted with a plasticizer (i.e., n-methyl-2-pyrolidone) to toughen it against damage such as splitting, cracking, chipping, etc. during subsequent in-plant handling of the plates. Dimethyl and/or diethyl phthalate may be added to the n-methyl-2-pyrolidone to provide toughening for periods up to about five days.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for semiautomatic wiring of telephone cabinets is disclosed which is suitable for twisted pairs of telephone wires. A pair-indexing head having a plurality of dual threaded spinning index rotors is used to permit automatic mass-termination of the individual wires in slotted-beam connectors. By pulling the connector block and attached wires down the length of the electrical cabinet, indexing the tip and ring conductors at the desired length, providing clamps at both ends of the twisted pairs, and cutting the wires, an operator is able to take the wires, one pair at a time, with proper tip and ring orientation, and terminate them on the back wiring plane of the electrical cabinet. The connector is then dressed through a wiring channel to exit at one end of the wiring cabinet and provide an easy means for connecting the cabinet to external wiring.

Abstract: A spring manometer measuring system that includes a deviation detector spring in the manometer connected to an indicator by a tie rod, and the spring is subjected to a reference pressure for spring deflection measurement before producing the bearing for the tie rod.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for automatically loading electrical contacts in the contact mounting pockets of a high density, multiple contact connector. The apparatus includes means for assembling the contacts in proper orientation for insertion into the pockets, means for transferring the contacts from the contact assembly means into an initial mounting position within the pockets, and means for seating and retaining the contacts in a final mounting position within the pockets. The apparatus provides structure to positively control the movement of the contacts throughout the loading operation to thereby minimize jamming or damage to the fragile contacts.

Abstract: A hand-held peeler for vegetables and the like having an elongate housing containing a fluid driven motor and a bladed drum. In one embodiment, the motor is connected to a source of pressurized water with a hose. A detachable hollow drum having axially aligned, elongate blades mounted at the circumference of the drum is coaxially attached to the water motor and rotates in the elongate housing. The bladed drum is exposed and accessible through an opening in the housing. Water exiting the water motor is used to wash peels and such from the bladed drum and elongate housing.

Abstract: A knife sheath including a spring pressed locking pin engagable with a hole in the handle of the knife to positively retain the knife in the sheath. The sheath also includes a buckle fastened to one side of the sheath and an adapter including a strap extending along the same side of the sheath and engagable with the buckle to provide a loop for retaining the sheath on a belt extending about a person's waist. Alternatively the strap may be removed from the buckle and the buckle connected with a shoulder harness to support the sheath and its knife upside down under a person's shoulder.

Abstract: A weed cutter employing a revolving flexible non-metallic line as a cutting member is provided with means for mechanically feeding out additional line to replace lengths broken during operation of the cutter. A rotatable spool is provided for storing extra line in a coiled configuration, with the unwound portion being threaded into and through a hollow motor shaft, and through a channel in the rotatable head of the cutter to an exit aperture at its periphery. A control mechanism is further provided whereby the spool may be rotated to feed out preselected increments of line when desired, and to oppose rotation of the spool when not desired so as to prevent inadvertent unreeling of cutting line.

Abstract: An apparatus, such as an edger, trimmer or lawnmower, for cutting vegetation using a flexible non-metallic line member extending into a cutting plane from a rotating head (e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,708,967, 3,826,068; 3,859,776). At the user's signal during cutting, the line member is fed to a certain discrete length (2 inches) from the rotating head under direct mechanical control (no free wheeling). Then the line member is automatically relocked within the head.

Abstract: A razor blade having guard elements deposited in recessed guard seats formed in the cutting edge and flanking surfaces of the blade. The guard elements may be deposited by electrochemical plating and their retention on the blade is enhanced by the recessed seats formed in the blade surfaces. The guard seats extend rearwardly from the blade edge a significant distance and may be interconnected by a transversely extending locking guard seat into which guard element material is also deposited.A method for applying the guard elements to the blade comprises applying a photoresist material to the blade edge and adjacent region, fixing a photographic image on the photoresist material in accordance with a predetermined guard element pattern, removing a portion of the photoresist material in accordance with the pattern and etching the underlying blade to form the guard seats.

Abstract: An improved guide bar for a chain saw having two sawdust kick-out holes in the rear of the guide bar. Each kick-out hole passes completely through the guide bar and through a guide groove in the bar. Also provided are at least two lubricating holes in the guide bar which extend through the bar and guide groove. The lubricating holes are straight holes transverse to the guide groove with a countersunk portion at the outer edge thereof, and the lubricating holes are designed to communicate with a lubricating means in the chassis of the saw, so that lubricating oil can be supplied into the guide groove. Also provided is a special sawdust plate designed to fit between the bar and the chassis of the saw.

Abstract: A device adapted to be placed in the human mouth for treating among other things temporomandibular joint dysfunctions comprising an elongated flexible plastic body having occlusal portions at the extremities thereof, the occlusal portions being interconnected at their forward or anterior ends by a labial portion. The occlusal portions each are provided with an enlarged fluid-containing passage. The passages in the occlusal portions are interconnected by a restricted passage which transverses the labial portion of the body. The occlusal portions form enlarged cells which are adapted to be positioned between the posterior teeth on each side of the mouth, and constitute occlusal pressure responsive means for hydrostatically compensating for any differences in pressure resulting from occlusal forces applied to each of the cells by the posterior teeth of the mouth. As a result, the occlusal forces which would normally be applied to the teeth are equalized and are axially oriented.

Abstract: A dental handpiece comprises a rear portion or handle and a front portion or head which are coupled by means of a female member secured to one portion and a male member secured to the other portion, the female member having formed therein a longitudinal slot and a recess shifted angularly in relation to the slot, the male member comprising a projection, one member comprising an elastically deformable portion whereby rotating one member in relation to the other through a predetermined angle permits introducing said projection into the recess, the projection being allowed to expand therein.

Abstract: A multiple-curved fashion design tool of substantially transparent colored plastic material for fashioning and tailoring both ready-made and home-sewn clothing. Adjoining one-by-one inch grids with 1/8" divisions are formed in each major surface of the tool and are disposed thereon so as to encompass the entire periphery of the tool. Each of the unique curved and straight edge portions of the tool are especially adapted for and combine with the continuous grid to permit the tool to be readily useful in a wide range of fashioning and tailoring applications.

Abstract: A self measuring garment assembly which includes a garment having at least one measuring tape connected to the inside thereof at the selected circumferential portion to be measured with the tape being calibrated to indicate the circumferential measurement whenever the garment is put on to thereby serve as a constant reminder to the wearer of the indicated measurement or measurements.

Abstract: A character applying device which is controlled by a separate signal processor can be manually moved across a writing surface while the characters are being applied. A single-tipped marking instrument is moved with a prescribed motion parallel to the surface as the device is moved across the surface to create a relatively dense array of line patterns. Simultaneously, received control signals cause the tip to move in and out of contact with the surface for, in effect, masking the array to produce characters represented by those signals.

Abstract: A gauge suitable for use with specimens of various lengths provides very accurate measurement of small changes in the length of a given specimen.

Abstract: A device for inspecting bores comprises a plug gauge (2). A shank (3) of the plug gauge (2) mounts two limbs (7, 7') that mount sensing pins (15, 15') housed in openings (14) in the plug gauge (2) and resiliently bias the pins outwardly. A needle (10), mounted for axial movement in the plug gauge (2), has a pointed region at one end for contacting inner edges (9, 9') of the limbs (7, 7') and a surface (12) at its other end for contact with a measuring pin of an indicator device (not shown). In use, the plug gauge (2) is inserted into a bore. (The plug gauge (2) may be of the same diameter as a go plug gauge for the bore whereby it functions as a go plug gauge). The plug gauge (2) is displaced and/or rotated and the pins (15, 15') move radially to follow the outline of the bore. Radial movement of the pins is converted to axial movement of the needle (10) by cooperation of the edges (9, 9') and the pointed end region of the needle, and is displayed on the indicator device.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus is disclosed for producing frozen particulate compositions from liquid feedstock. A continuous stream of liquid feedstock is passed through an orifice and into a liquid freezant without the orifice contacting the freezant. Compositions produced by this improved method have low proportions of fine and large particles, yielding particularly beneficial results in the case of quality control materials. The compositions are advantageously employed in automated weighing and filling apparatus.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and chart for organizing, developing and depicting a multipigment scale of colors based on at least five basic colors and any chosen number of subdivisions therebetween. The method and chart are based on the development of a two dimensional array of a plurality of planar triangular groupings of distinct color points wherein the apices of each triangular grouping represents the color extremes of said groupings and the remaining color points within said grouping are arranged in equidistant transitional color intervals between said apices and between the apices of any subtriangles definable within the groupings, the groupings representing planar cuts of an m-1 dimensional pyramid the apices of which pyramid represent the basic colors chosen.

Abstract: A training aid designed to be used to instruct individuals in the proper technique of playing the game of football is described. The training aid includes an elongated strip of flexible material which is lined along both edges with strips of Velcro. In addition, the training aid includes a plurality of player position mats and play mats which are lined along one edge with a strip of Velcro. The elongated strip of flexible material represents the line-of-scrimmage and is positioned across a playing field or other suitable playing surface. The plurality of player position mats and play mats may be exactly positioned adjacent the line-of-scrimmage and may be removably affixed thereto by means of the respective Velcro edges.

Abstract: Visual perception and related skills are tested to assess the level of a person's prerequisite skills for reading. An apparatus is operated by a qualified examiner to generate visual line patterns that the child must recall and reproduce. The testing apparatus comprises a control box and a display panel interconnected by a multi-wire cable. Two of eight control buttons (switches) spatially arranged in an eight-pointed star, are selectable by the examiner to generate a moving line pattern on the display which may be any one of a number of patterns moving between predetermined points on the display corresponding to the points of the star. The line patterns on the display each progress from a point of the star, to the center of the star and out to a second preselected point to thereby generate 45.degree., 90.degree., 135.degree. or 180.degree. patterns. A control is provided so that the patterns can be generated at different rates of say 0.25, 0.50, or 1.0 second per pattern.

Abstract: A flexible bladder, shaped as an innersole, is filled with uncured resin. An individual's foot is held atop the bladder under load while the resin is allowed to cure, thereby forming a custom-fit accommodative foot bed.

Abstract: In a vessel-mounted dredging device in which material freed by revolving cutters is pumped through a suction mouth and discharge pipe to a place remote from the cutters, a submersible dredge pump is mounted on a platform which supports cutter discs spaced from one another and positioned to deliver material to the suction side of the pump. The platform is mounted on a mast which is so constructed and arranged as to be movable vertically with respect to a carriage which is in turn vertically movable relative to the vessel. The platform is preferably hinged to the end of the mast, to permit the platform to swing to an angle to the horizontal, selectively.

Abstract: This invention relates to a pressure sensitive adhesive label which can be used under severe service conditions such as those found in an automobile engine compartment.The label comprises a laminate comprising a temperature stable woven or non-woven fabric having an ink receptive coating on a first side and a high performance pressure sensitive adhesive coating on the other side thereof.

Abstract: A picture frame including front and rear members each having a main panel and a rearwardly-projecting peripheral wall, at least the front member main panel being transparent. The peripheral walls of the member fit together frictionally to hold the members together with a picture between the main panels. A support element projects rearwardly from the rear member main panel, the support element including a mounting panel and an interconnecting wall joining the mounting panel to the rear member main panel. The mounting panel is spaced from the rear member main panel a distance at least twice as great as the depth of the peripheral wall of the front member, and the area of the mounting panel is no more than 25% of the area of the rear member main panel.

Abstract: A picture frame is comprised of a corner clip for each corner of a rectangular picture assembly, each corner clip including a pair of legs joined at a vertex portion and extending at right angles to one another. Each leg has an end portion extending around an associated edge of the picture assembly to the front thereof for engaging the same. Each leg and associated end portion is made of a thin strip of material extending in a plane perpendicular to the picture assembly with the end portion thereof presenting a thin edge to the front of the picture assembly. Cord means extends between a cord engaging means of each corner clip to urge the corner clips toward a central location of the picture assembly and the end portions into securing engagement with an associated edge of the picture assembly.

Abstract: A drinking straw with a hollow box connected to the straw such that a fluid can be drawn through the box and one face of the box can be seen by the user. The viewed face has transparent indicia surrounded by solid black or dark colored material corresponding to the material of the rear plate of the box, hence, the indicia is only visible when a colored fluid such as milk is drawn through the straw and the box.

Abstract: A biorhythm cycle indicator includes a housing having a plurality of substantially sinusoidal shaped windows shaped to define the extremes of a given cycle with an indicator continuously visible within each window indicating the deviation from the norm within the cycle. The indicators comprise markings on the face of a pair of meshed gears driven at a rate defining the cycle with the markings on the face thereof visible within the window. A clock motor is provided for continuously driving the plurality of indicators, each at a rate defined by its cycle. Adjusting knobs and shafts are provided for adjusting the cycle to that of an individual's biorhythm cycle.

Abstract: A single-action revolver is disclosed which includes a cylinder frame and a cylinder to be mounted in the cylinder frame and a barrel removably connected to the cylinder frame. A center pin extends through the cylinder frame for rotatably mounting the cylinder within the cylinder frame, and a release plunger is provided for retaining the center pin in engagement with the cylinder frame in a conventional manner. The improvement is directed to interlocking means for retaining the center pin in engagement with the cylinder frame and includes a slot formed in the barrel and a collar formed on the center pin for engagement with the barrel slot to prevent release of the center pin. In addition, the center pin includes an additional notch for receiving the release plunger when the collar is rotated into engagement with the barrel slot. In this manner, the interlocking means prevent the center pin from being jolted loose during firing of the revolver.

Abstract: A fishing lure includes a hook, a swivel, a line portion connected between the hook and swivel and a length of flexible tubing at least 7" long around the line portion and portion of the hook connected to the line portion. The hook includes a barbed end projecting from the tubing, the tubing being cut to form an elongated helix with essentially no space between adjacent coils of the helix. A camouflage such as feathers project from the hook end of the tubing.

Abstract: Rodent poison dispenser comprises a housing with an upper chamber suitable for holding poison bait separated by a separating wall from a lower chamber into which rodents can enter, wherein the separating wall has an opening which can be closed by a consumable protective plate of a taste or odor attractive to rodents.

Abstract: On this safety pyramidal toy spindle fitted in a separate base similar components formed with a central hole are adapted to be placed in order to constitute an educational game for small children; the pyramid formed by the components being crowned by an allegorical head or similar character. This spindle is a one-piece member of non-toxic material having a flexibility sufficient to permit the bending of its tip down to the level of the base bottom, the spindle resuming its position substantially perpendicular to the base when the pressure exerted at any point along the spindle is released. The cross-sectional shape of the spindle being substantially that of a greek cross with reinforcing ribs.

Abstract: A space toy in the form of a vehicle includes a base and rotatably mounted vehicle body. The body of the vehicle rotatably mounts a plurality of exterior pods and includes removable, shuttle craft portions. A manually operable rack mechanism is operative to rotate the vehicle body in one direction while rotating the pods in an opposite direction. A plurality of toy figures are provided and cooperatively engage portions of the vehicle body, pods and shuttle craft to provide a realistic and operative space vehicle. Shock absorbing cushions on the base portion are provided with sounding mechanisms which are actuated upon manual operation of the body rotating rack mechanism.

Abstract: A wild goose and duck call includes a hollow tubular body having a medially disposed blow hole extending through the side wall thereof. A pair of reed assemblies are secured in the open end of the tubular body, each reed assembly including a hollow, truncated conical member. Extending from the truncated portion of the conical member is a reed and tongue assembly which is held in place in the conical member by a compression plug. The free ends of the reeds are disposed generally adjacent to the blow hole. Either end of the instrument may be selectively blocked or muffled to produce many birdcall variations.

Abstract: A toy hoop device includes a hoop having a flat, rolling surface, and a roller cage disposed peripherally of the hoop. A handle releasably received into the roller cage is employed to guide the hoop and produce an initial rapid hoop spin, if desired.When high, rotational hoop speeds are affected, the device can be held aloft and function as a gyroscopic toy.

Abstract: A plant support and compost enclosure, comprising rigid panels of fencing wherein the spacing of the horizontal rods in the lower portion of each panel is much smaller than the spacing in the upper portion in order to better contain the compost. The rigid panels are connected by rings, thereby enabling the apparatus to stand without any support and have the ability of being folded flat for easy storage. A minimum of three rigid panels is needed for the apparatus to stand unsupported. The upper portion of one of the rigid panels does not contain any vertical or horizontal rods, so as to form an opening to facilitate the loading of composting material for compost production. The composting material is innoculated with micro-organisms and watered from time to time to produce compost.

Abstract: A hydroponic growing system consists of an elongated growing unit disposed above a supply tank which normally contains a nutrient solution. The growing unit contains pearlite or another solid particle growing medium into which the plant roots extend. Periodically nutrient solution is pumped into the growing unit and then air is pumped through the nutrient solution and growing medium in the growing unit to aerate the plant roots which extend into the growing medium. Thereafter, much of the nutrient solution is permitted to drain from the growing unit to the supply tank with some of the solution adhering to the growing medium to nourish the plant roots.

Abstract: Hydroponic gardening apparatus mounted within its own shelter includes a lower reservoir containing a liquid nutrient, and a pump for flowing liquid nutrient from the lower reservoir to an upper reservoir. At least one feed conduit inclined downwardly away from the upper reservoir and connected in fluid communication with the interior of the upper reservoir guides under the force of gravity liquid nutrient from the upper reservoir to a container having growing media disposed in the interior thereof adapted to support and to nourish plants therein. The container is inclined downwardly toward the lower reservoir, and a return conduit is connected in fluid communication with the container for guiding liquid nutrient therefrom back to the lower container for recycling purposes. The hydroponic gardening apparatus is mounted within the interior of a shelter, and the container and conduits are mounted on support posts for the transparent roof of the shelter.

Abstract: A plant basket, that is, a container having the configuration and decorative appearance of basketware combined with the necessary requirements for use as a planter and the like, namely, water-proof wall and bottom portions and reasonable ruggedness, and preferably also including a hidden drainage water reservoir, the reinforced transparent water-proofing material added to the basket being not a design feature but rather representing a multiplicity of combination window and stress panel structures.

Abstract: The subirrigation of soil in a container for container-grown plants is accomplished upwardly through an opening in the container bottom by placing the container on the upper surface of a capillary sheet in the form of a sheet wettable plastic having a multiplicity of capillary openings therein and by disposing the capillary sheet so that its undersurface directly overlies in unbonded face-to-face contacting relation an essentially continuous and substantially smooth wettable surface presented by a substantially flat member comprised in a support bed for the container as, for example, by a sheet of plastic overlying a substantially rigid member or by a substantially rigid slab comprised in the support bed and feeding an aqueous liquid into the interface between said surfaces as through feeder tubes by gravity or by capillary travel from a reservoir disposed below the interface, whereby the so fed aqueous liquid becomes distributed by capillary action to any portion of the capillary sheet directly underlying a

Abstract: A railway house car having a door supporting track on a car side beneath a door opening, a door formed with a lower edge surface for support of the door on the top of the track and to provide a good light seal when the door is in the closed position. The edge surface has a plurality of openings with a portion of a roller extending from each one. Corresponding copes are located in the top of the track to receive the roller portions when the door is in the closed position. The rollers and corresponding copes permit at least two rollers to engage the top of the track and support the door for movement when the door is in other positions on the track than the closed position. A door leverage or force-multiplying mover is selectively interconnected to the door by means of a hasp to initially move the door from the closed position. Alternatively, a fulcrum is provided so that a pry bar can manually engage a bottom retainer to accomplish the initial door movement.

Abstract: A door assembly including a door associated with a guide which is disposed in an orientation perpendicular to the plane of a door opening formed in a wall, and a guide follower mounted on the door to run along the guide. In one embodiment the guide follower is rotatably driven by the rotation of a handle mounted on the door through a transmission. In another embodiment, the door may be manually pushed or pulled along the guide.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and an apparatus for machining silicon r and tubes by abrasion. The risk of fracture of such workpieces during grinding is prevented in this method and apparatus by the workpiece being held vertically in a cylindrical grinding machine in which the individual tools are uniformly arranged around the circumference of the workpiece in such a manner that their contact pressures are mutually substantially compensated.

Abstract: A rotor-type machine comprises two electromagnetic systems, one having an inductor and, the other one, a rotor installed rotatably around its axis. Said inductor and rotor have the same and even number of alternating-polarity poles. The distance between the adjacent poles is greater than the size of the air gap. The rotor is linked kinematically with a workpiece which is located in the air gap formed by the counteropposed poles of the inductor and rotor and filled with a ferromagnetic abrasive powder which creates a cutting "brush" on the poles of one of said magnetic systems. The face surface of the poles corresponds to the profile of the workpiece surface being machined. The coils of said electromagnetic systems are connected with a power pack. The inductor is installed rotatably around its axis. Each workpiece is secured on the pole of the rotor provided with a drive for rotating it around its axis.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating the weld area of a welded ferritic stainless steel article to increase the resistance to intergranular corrosion. This method comprises the step of grinding the torch side surface of the welded article at a substantially uniform depth along the length of the weld after the material has solidified in the weld area, with the cross sectional dimension of the grind extending beyond the weld-base metal interface on both sides of the weld area. In accordance with this method, the depth of grind is uniformly controlled within the range of from at least 0.0005 inch as measured at the weld-base metal interface to less than 10% of the unground article thickness.

Abstract: A precast monolithic concrete building module includes a vertical wall, a horizontal roof and a pair of roof supporting legs spaced from the wall. A plurality of ribs project outwardly from the wall and also from the lower surface of the roof. In one embodiment, generally T-shaped metal studs each have a portion cast into an associated rib and a portion providing a mounting surface for wall and ceiling covering materials. The studs project outwardly from the ribs so that wiring passageways can be placed through them without having to drill through concrete. In other embodiments, wooden studs have attached fasteners which have a portion cast into the rib to secure the stud to the rib. The wall between the studs is thin so that window and door openings can easily be made by breaking out portions of the wall. Special sealing ridges project upwardly from the roof for use in sealing pairs of adjacent modules of a building. The form for casting the module includes roof, wall and leg forming portions.

Abstract: A space frame system built from rectangular tubing comprisingtwo substantially parallel planar chord frames laced together by many diagonal struts. The planar frames are of a rectangular grid pattern, both of the same grid dimensions, each made from continuous chords in one direction and tie chords one grid dimension long in the other direction, all the chords being disposed in one plane without overlap. Each frame has a position aligned with but out of registration with the other by half a grid dimension each way so intersections on one planar frame line up with open centers of the grids on the other. Diagonal struts run from intersections on one planar frame to the nearest intersections on the other. At intersections, the chords and struts are bolted or welded to one or more flat and bent plates. The outermost surfaces of the chords in one planar frame may be left clear of bolts and plates, and skylights may be mounted thereon.

Abstract: A building structure including a beam of steel or rod reinforced concrete which is sheathed in a U-shaped cross section steel shell, a concrete column which is encased in a steel tube, diagonal bracings and connecting members thereof. The topside of the U-shaped steel shell is open to allow concrete to be filled therethrough. Steel rods are placed in the shell and a steel panel connecting member secures the opposed sidewalls of the shell. Steel bars extend from a floor slab into the beam shell through the aforesaid open topside, thereby rendering the beam integral with the slab. Frame-like steel members for confining reinforcing bars and/or shear connectors are disposed in the inside of the beam shell. A steel sleeve is also provided in the beam shell for defining a space for disposition of equipment. In addition, an opening is provided in the bottom wall of the beam shell so as to allow steel rods to extend from the wall into the beam shell, thereby rendering the beam integral with the wall.