Abstract: The quality of the as-sawn surfaces of a wafer is improved by preventing the saw blade from striking the wafer surfaces during the blade return stroke by leaning the just-sawn wafer away from the blade and by slightly retracting the face of the ingot from the plane of the saw blade. A fluid-jet-induced deformation of the binding compound portion of the ingot is preferred as a means of leaning the wafer away from the saw blade. Using this technique a number of wafers may be successively sawn from an ingot and kept attached to the ingot by the binding compound without the surfaces of the wafers being scored during the return strokes of the blade.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the precision blocking of lens blanks by the adjustment of each such blank until it occupies a prescribed position where an alloy hub or "block" is removably affixed to the blank so that it can be properly gripped for finishing.

Abstract: A low-density abrasive product formed of a uniform cross-section lofty web comprised of continuous three-dimensionally undulated inter-engaged autogenously bonded filaments of high yield strength filament-forming material impregnated with a tough adherent binder which adherently bonds the filaments together and also bonds a multitude of abrasive granules uniformly dispersed throughout the web. The abrasive article is made by forming the web by an extrusion process, uniformly coating the filaments of the web with a liquid curable binder resin, depositing the abrasive granules onto the web coating, curing the first binder coating, applying a second coating of liquid curable binder and then curing the binder.

Abstract: A centrifugal wheel assembly includes a disc-type guide wheel having a rotary axis; and a plurality of impeller vanes oriented radially with respect to the guide wheel. Each impeller vane has oppositely located particle propelling surfaces of identical shape. Each impeller vane has a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis oriented perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis. Both axes are contained in a central plane passing through the impeller vane and oriented parallel to the particle propelling surfaces. The impeller vane is symmetrical with respect to both axes. Each impeller vane further has recesses at its mid length; the recesses are arranged symmetrically with respect to both axes and receive clamping elements for releasably fastening each impeller vane to the guide wheel.

Abstract: A roof gutter of channel form, with a bottom and upright front and rear flanges, is supported by a series of brackets secured to a roof structure, each bracket having a top arm which is engaged with the front flange of the gutter to prevent its being raised or lowered, the rear bottom part of the gutter being snapped into engagement with the bracket to secure the gutter in place.

Abstract: A building roof consists of an assembly of adjacent roofing units, each comprising a pyramid-shaped main section of which the lower edges lead into, and are secured to, a rectangular peripheral assembly of channel ducts, the adjacent ducts of succeeding units being connected and sealed. Fascia units are secured to and extend outwardly from the outer flanges of the channel ducts about the periphery of the roof, each fascia unit having a sloping top substantially co-planar with the pyramid surface secured to the inner flange of the duct, a substantially vertical outer face, and a substantially horizontal bottom leading back to and seated on an exterior wall of the building supporting the roof.

Abstract: A connection for joining the edges of a roof sheet to the wall of a railway car without the use of fasteners such as rivets or welds. The connection is weather-tight and includes an interlock feature which effectively carries the loading encountered during operation of the vehicle. A modified version of the interlock forms a trough for channeling water towards the ends of the railway car.

Abstract: A hanger bracket is disclosed for supporting and connecting sound absorption panels wherein the panels have a top frame member with a depending lip portion. The hanger bracket is usable for both fixed and movable sound absorption walls. The hanger bracket is comprised of two substantially identical bracket members having upper and lower generally vertical plates residing in offset substantially parallel planes. The bracket members are connected to each other, and to the support member, by connector means at the upper vertical plates. The lower plates have at least one punched-out tab portion extending generally inwardly then upwardly which engage the depending lip of the panel frame to thereby support the panel.The hanger bracket is attachable to both a fixed support member and to a movable trolley support member. A fixed sound absorption wall having one or more sound absorbing panels is provided wherein the hanger bracket supports the panels and is secured to a fixed support member.

Abstract: A heat-insulating sandwich-like composite comprising a core of foamed resin based compound sandwiched between and adhering to single face corrugated board with a high wet strength. The single face corrugated board is perforated prior to foaming of the resin based compound so as to allow the excess of volatile matter to escape and some foaming mixture to penetrate inside the corrugated flute. The composite board further is provided with post-perforations made after foaming the resin compound between the corrugated board skins.

Abstract: A construction method for fabricating structures and a system of building blocks utilized in the method is presented. The blocks are skeletal and formed from heavy gauge rods or bars with straight and hook projections that permit the blocks to be interconnected. Recesses are provided in the blocks so that an assembly of blocks will accommodate furring strips or stringers which will add to the structural integrity of the block structure and provide a nailing surface.

Abstract: A building element for the construction of self-supporting interlocking grids which may be used, for example, as floors or roofs, comprises a beam having a longitudinally protruding projection at each end, and having at least one recess of sufficient size to receive the longitudinally protruding projection from a second identical beam. The projection from a third such beam rests on the recess of the second, the projection of a fourth such beam rests in the recess of the third, and the projection of the first beam rests in the recess of the fourth. Thus, the four beams are rigidly connected in a statically determinate self-supporting manner. An entire grid of such joints may be made as well as light arched and domed roof structures.

Abstract: A preassembled unitized masonry reinforcement for cavity walls or composite walls utilizes a ladder or truss-type block mesh and suitable numbers of standard length corrugated metal wall ties pivotally and slidably connected in permanently assembled relationship to block mesh members, whereby the wall ties may be freely adjusted by pivotal and/or sliding movements to the most advantageous positions of use and similarly may be positioned for shipment entirely or nearly within the boundaries of the block mesh reinforcement. Various wall tie configurations by bending of ties can be achieved to compensate for misalignment of mortar joints in composite or cavity walls. The hinge or pivot joints between ties and reinforcing mesh members are mortar locked within bed joints of the wall for added security.

Abstract: A resilient metal runner for attaching gypsum wallboard to a supporting structure including a base attaching flange with a curved over section merging into a flexible web which is integral with a first flange extending at an inclined angle from an edge of the flexible web and a support portion having one edge coextensive with the adjoining edge of such angled flange in laterally offset relation to the flexible web with an inclined stop flange coextensive with the opposite edge of the support portions and extending at an opposite angle to the first flange and of substantially similar width to the first flange. The flexible web is provided with cutout portions for the securement of fastenings through the base attaching flange.

Abstract: A method of constructing a swimming pool which includes the steps of forming an excavation of desired size and shape in the ground, the excavation including a footing area, placing polyethylene film over the footing area and a portion of the remaining excavation surface, setting a wall member on the footing area, pouring a concrete footing on the footing area to embed a portion of the wall, applying a groove-forming device to the wall, pouring additional concrete to form the pool bottom, removing the groove-forming device to expose a groove, and filling the groove with caulking material. An alternative method of forming the pool bottom includes the steps of spraying layers of polyurethane foam on the excavation to form the pool bottom.

Abstract: A multipack for disposable bowl-shaped vessel inserts of the type having thin-walled side and bottom portions and a relatively stiff upper peripheral collar is made by vertically stacking a plurality of inserts together and folding the thin-walled bottom and side portions inside the upper collars by pushing the insert bottoms into the space enclosed by the collars. Single or multiple folds may be made and the stacked and folded inserts may be enclosed in a protective envelope. Apparatus and methods for making such multiple packs are also disclosed.

Abstract: A crop harvesting header for a self-propelled combine. The header includes a "floating" flexible cutterbar movable vertically relative to the header frame to cut a standing crop (soybeans, for example) close to the ground to minimize crop losses. The cutterbar is connected to a plurality of runner structures pivotally mounted on the header frame. A spring system is operative on the runner structures to resiliently counterbalance the cutterbar. Elongated skids are connected between adjacent pairs of runners to effectively extend along the length of the header. The skids are mounted to permit individual movement of the runners relative to each other as the cutterbar flexes over uneven ground across the harvesting path. The skids are selectively shiftable to vary the cutting height of the cutterbar.The combine includes a hydraulic system for raising and lowering the header. An automatic system raises and lowers the header in response to sensing the position of the cutterbar relative to the header.

Abstract: A self-compensating brake system for a mowing machine of the type having a body movably supported by a plurality of rotatable drive wheels. The brake system includes a brake shaft which is rotatably journaled in the body and which is free-floating along a transverse axis. Each end of the brake shaft is connected to a mechanically actuated brake assembly on each of at least two opposed drive wheels by means of a brake rod. Each of the brake rods extend at an oblique angle relative to the transverse axis of the brake shaft. This orientation will move the brake shaft transversely in the body as the brake shaft is rotated by a brake pedal until the braking forces on each of the brake rods are equal, thereby assuring equal and even braking of the opposed drive wheels. The brake shaft also serves as the mounting structure for a traction pedal and for a steering transfer assembly.

Abstract: A mowing machine has an elongated beam that supports side-by-side rotors with pivoted cutters positioned to cut overlapping paths in front of the beam. The rotor units include an upper rotatably hub with pivoted blades and lower bodies which house corresponding driving shafts. The units are releaseably fastened to the beam and in one embodiment, spaced apart supporting elements are fastened to the front side of the beam and a unit is fitted and bolted between elements. In another embodiment, the body of each unit is hollow so that the beam can be passed through units and the latter abutted to one another and secured in place with a single bolt. The driving shaft of each unit is interconnected to adjacent driving shafts by sleeve connectors that form an elongated drive shaft that is parallel and in front of the beam.

Abstract: A drive system for a corn harvesting header is disclosed wherein the power input shaft delivering rotational power to the individual row units is positioned externally of the gear housing. A slip clutch for each individual row unit is affixed to the power input shaft rearward of each gear housing and is connected thereto by an endless chain. This improved drive system allows maintenance of the row units without disturbing the power input shaft and maintenance of the slip clutches without disturbing the row units.

Abstract: Cotton harvesting apparatus for harvesting cotton from cotton plants planted in spaced apart generally parallel rows and having a cotton picking apparatus with ground engaging means for movement of the cotton picker over the ground. The cotton picking apparatus includes one or more picker mechanisms which are adapted to pick cotton from the cotton plants as the cotton picking apparatus is moved over the cotton plants. Boom mechanisms are carried by the cotton picker and are used for striking the cotton plants for removing leaves, leaf stems and other trash off of the cotton plants prior to the cotton plants being engaged by a picker mechanism. One of the boom mechanisms extends in front of the cotton picking apparatus whereas another boom mechanism extends to one side of the cotton apparatus and over the rows of cotton which are to be picked. The height of the boom mechanisms can be adjusted so that the cotton plants are struck by the boom mechanisms at predetermined heights.

Abstract: A row crop header for mounting on the front of a combine has a transversely elongated main frame and a plurality of forwardly extending transversely spaced row units, each row unit being independently floatably supported by the frame. Each row unit has a forwardly and downwardly inclined frame with a top surface and a central fore-and-aft trough which forms the bottom of a fore-and-aft passageway. A pair of endless, flexible conveyor members are mounted on each row unit frame adjacent the top surface and have rearwardly moving inter-meshing inner runs on opposite sides of the passageway, a rotary cutting device being provided on the underside of the row unit frame adjacent the forward ends of the conveyor members for severing the crop from the field. A transverse conveyor spans the rearward ends of the row units for conveying gathered material to a feeding unit for delivery to a processing unit on the combine.

Abstract: Infra-red radiation detectors are used in gas turbine engines to detect radiation produced by the turbine blades giving an indication of blade temperature. Above a given limit the signal produced by the detector is passed to the fuel control system to shut down the fuel supply to the engine. An additional detector is provided which receives the same image as the first detector but is biased to detect radiation in the visible light part of the spectrum. When incandescent particles pass through the field of vision of the detectors both show an increase in signal due to both types of radiation being increased during this transient event. The signal from the second detector is used to reduce the signal from the first detector by an amount sufficient to prevent the fuel supply being temporarily shut down.

Abstract: In a by-pass gas turbine engine, the by-pass exhaust flow is mixed with the core engine exhaust flow internally of the engine before passage through the final exhaust (propulsion) nozzle. The exhaust flow mixer comprises alternate inwardly and outwardly inclined substantially planar "fingers", which are arrayed around and attached to the circumference of the aft end of the core engine and extend generally downstream thereof. The fingers are effective to deflect the exhaust flows by virtue of the Coanda effect.

Abstract: A vacuum type brake booster device including an input rod with an adjustable stop mechanism for enabling the input rod to have such a normal, full-retracted position as to hold the booster control valve in a neutral position to keep the second working chamber of the booster out of communication with the first working chamber thereof as well as with the atmosphere while holding the booster output rod in direct abutting engagement with the brake master cylinder piston. There is no delay in operation of the brake master cylinder when the brake pedal is depressed.

Abstract: A motor vehicle comprises a turbocharger, a vehicle speed sensor, and means for decreasing the pressure of air pressurized by the turbocharger when the vehicle speed sensor senses a predetermined high vehicle speed so that the maximum vehicle speed is limited to a desirable level.

Abstract: Steam is produced from aqueous brine, by a process that employs hot fluid, nozzle means and rotary separator means. Process steps include:(a) transferring heat from said hot fluid to said brine,(b) passing the heated brine in pressurized state to the nozzle means for flow therethrough, and expanding the flow therein thereby to form steam and liquid droplets, and(c) causing said expanded flow to rotate the rotary separator means for forming a layer of said brine on the separator means and accompanied by steam separation and for subsequent removal.The liquid from the rotating layer and/or the separated steam may be used to drive turbine means; the hot fluid may comprise combustion products from a combustion source; and several stages of separators may be employed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for storage of energy produced at a conventional power station and release of said energy when subsequently required. The method comprises using the energy to refrigerate and liquefy atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen, storing the liquid gases at substantially below atmospheric temperature and subsequently using cold liquid gas, in combination with a source of heat at or above atmospheric temperature, to drive a closed cycle heat engine and yield mechanical energy. Auxiliary open and closed cycle heat engines are added to yield further mechanical energy and so utilize the full energy potential of the cold liquid gases.

Abstract: A plurality of individual, isolatable storage bins carrying a desiccant such as silicon gel are selectively placed in communication with a heat reclaim/solar collector within a gas circulation loop to permit the desiccant material to be dried and to store heat almost indefinitely in its dry state. The bins may be selectively connected within a second circulation loop, including a room to be conditioned such that a second gas circulated over the desiccant and to the room varies the moisture content of the desiccant to release heat and to thereby effect controlled heating or cooling of the air within the room, as needed, and irrespective operation of the heat reclaim/solar collector.

Abstract: A cooling system for a vehicle in which a refrigerant is compressed and subsequently expanded to lower the temperature of a portion of the interior of the vehicle as well as the temperature of a refrigerated storage compartment in the vehicle. The cooling of the two different portions of the vehicle may be independently and automatically controlled. The refrigerated storage compartment is characterized by an insulated container being detachably affixed to the vehicle with a portion of the container in contact with, a portion of the cooling system that is cooled by the passage of refrigerant therethrough.

Abstract: A control system for an ice dispenser maintains an icemaker thereof continuously operative whenever an ice storage hopper is less than completely full. This is accomplished by continuing to operate the icemaker while momentarily agitating and leveling the mass of ice in the hopper whenever ice builds up around a thermostat therein, and thereafter sensing whether the ice has dropped away from the thermostat. If it has, the icemaker is maintained in operation and the cycle is repeated. If, however, it has not, then the icemaker is turned off until sufficient ice is dispensed from the hopper to again drop the ice level to below the thermostat. In this manner, the number of on-off cycles of the compressor and other components of the icemaker are minimized in maintaining the hopper completely full, which greatly increases their operating life and reliability.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for heat generation or heat exchange in which a primary medium emits heat while passing through an evaporator in which there is a heat-transfer medium which thereby evaporates or boils and thereby increases the pressure of the heat-transfer medium. Once the pressure has increased, it is transferred to a condensor where a secondary medium is heated from the condensation of the heat-transfer medium. The method and device according to the present invention increase the efficiency, particularly when the primary medium is at a low temperature, by intensifying the heat at least in a portion of the evaporator.

Abstract: A cooler for a freezing chamber of a cooling apparatus having a low temperature portion cooling region and a very low temperature portion cooling region. The frost is concentrated on the very low temperature portion, and there is no frost adhesion to the low temperature portion.

Abstract: A single casing valve is especially adapted for the inlet of a rotary screw type compressor, the valve having provision for both a manual and an automatic shut-off, the latter responsive to discharge pressure for closing the inlet, and having a strainer in the suction line which is downstream from the valve seat in order that the strainer may be changed with the compressor isolated from the inlet source.

Abstract: A batch freezing apparatus has a fan or blower to continuously circulate air through the freezing chamber and back again through a recycle conduit. A cold gas such as from a liquid nitrogen supply tank is added to the recirculating air to lower the temperature in the system in a controlled manner to provide rapid freezing. The freezing chamber is capable of rotation so the material being frozen in cylinderical containers can be rotated against and freeze upon the inner surface of the container during the freezing process. The apparatus is especially suitable for freezing bull semen.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of attaching an auxiliary heat exchanger to a split refrigeration system. The auxiliary heat exchanger is in heat transfer relationship with a supply of water. Connectors are provided in bypass relationship with a valve arranged in the liquid line. The auxiliary heat exchanger, when desired, is closed placing the auxiliary heater in series flow relationship with the system condenser.

Abstract: A refrigerator, including an ice cube storage receptacle on the inner surface of the freezer door, a passage through the door communicating with the interior of the receptacle and a closure member pivotally mounted on the exterior surface of the freezer door for closing the passage. The closure member carries a delivery tube extending through the passage and in communication with the ice cube storage receptacle and delivers the ice pieces to the exterior of the freezer door when the closure member is open. There is provided an ice piece stop assembly for preventing the passage of ice pieces into the passage when the closure member is opened and includes at least one gate member movable from a first position obstructing the passage to a second position opening the passage, said gate member being biased to move to the first position when the closure member is opened and moved to the second position by the delivery tube exerting force on the gate member to open the passage when the closure member is closed.

Abstract: A cam carriage, provided with a jack-filled pattern wheel followed by a knitting cam system, travels along a needle bed of a flat-bed knitting machine. Those pattern-wheel jacks which are selected for operation by a jacquard mechanism cause selected needles to be transversely shifted away from the knitting cam system. The pattern wheel has a first and a second circumferential succession of jacks, and two jacks per interneedle interval of the pattern-wheel circumference. The needle-controlling portions of the jacks of the first succession are located at different heights from those of the second succession. Some groups of needles have jack-engaged members located at the height of the needle-controlling portions of the first jacks. The other groups of needles have jack-engaged members located at the height of the needle-controlling portions of the second jacks.

Abstract: A straight bar knitting machine has pivots and levers for operating different reciprocable bars (such as needle bar, knockover bar and catch bar) arranged in a novel configuration wherein most levers extend from a longitudinally arranged pivot area to locate in a longitudinal substantial L-shaped zone and these levers are connected by links to the reciprocable bar or bars to form fabric in a zone substantially diagonally opposite the pivot area formed by the levers and the links when seen from the side. The configuration in a preferred embodiment has separate cams and cam shafts below and behind the L-shaped zone and for greater compactness a pair of fabric forming zones may be arranged back to back on a single machine with a common cam shaft arranged between the respective L-shaped cones associated with the fabric forming zones.

Abstract: A safety or "dead-bolt" lock includes a lockably releasable sliding bolt assembly of a first magnetic polarity. The keeper element, which is adapted to be mounted on to a jamb is of a second or opposite magnetic polarity to magnetically attract the bolt. A key lock assembly is used to release the sliding bar from movement. A cover is slidably movable over the entire lock assembly to prevent unauthorized dislodgement.

Abstract: An axial split-pin tumbler-type lock mechanism having improved pick-resistance is provided with tumblers having substantially the same overall length, at least two of the tumblers having driver elements differing in length, and with spring means in at least two different spring rates respectively to act upon the tumblers having elements differing in length, one of the spring means which has a relatively high spring rate acting upon a tumbler having a relatively short driver element, and another of the spring means which has a relatively low spring rate acting upon a tumbler having a relatively long driver element.

Abstract: A protective box for providing a secure covering for a closure device, such as a lock, bolt, or the like. The protective box includes a housing having a rear wall which has an opening therein for access to the closure device to be protected. The rear wall is securely fastened onto the support surface containing the closure device, such as onto a door or wall supporting a lock. A cover member closes the front of the housing and is slidable between a closed position providing an enclosed area within the housing into which the closure device can face, and an open position whereby access can be had to the closure device. A lock mounted on the cover member engages with a roller assembly provided in the housing to securely retain the cover member in its closed position. In a modified form, two locks can be mounted on the cover member for engagement with associated latching elements disposed on the housing.

Abstract: A key holder comprising in combination a housing and a ring member, the housing having a resilient tongue which may be depressed so as to provide an opening through which the ring member may be inserted. The ring member is provided with a slit which permits keys to be attached and detached, said slit being inaccessible when the ring member is assembled to the housing, whereupon keys can be attached to or detached from the ring member only when the latter has been separated from the housing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to transfer mechanism for multiple punch presses with two co-operating pairs of conveyor tongs which are fixed to a carrier element. The carrier element is movably mounted in a housing and driven to-and-fro to the operating rhythm of the punch press. The carrier element includes a bore effective to direct a lubricating fluid therethrough. Lubricating lines supply lubricating fluid to the bore at a desired fluid pressure. The bore has an outlet opening contiguous to the structure which incorporates the conveyor tongs. In the event that the conveyor tongs break away from the carrier element, the outlet opening of the bore is uncovered and the fluid pressure drops. The power supply to the press and the lubricating fluid supply are stopped in response to such a pressure drop.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for forming an opening in a composite metal panel on an edge of the panel at a position wherein the opening is to be formed and hammered to delineate a bond interface. The opening is formed between the sheets of the panel and inwardly of the edge thereof starting from the delineated bond interface. The opening is adapted to provide a means for communicating a fluid under pressure for inflating tubular passageways in the panel.

Abstract: A coil winding machine provides a wire guide member having a wire feed channel therein and a support member turnably arranged in relation to the wire guide member and provided with a turnable core bar member of semi-circular shape in the vicinity of an open end of the wire feed channel with a roll stopper for suppressing movement of the tool and a tool member movable between the core bar member and the roll stopper.

Abstract: An apparatus for punching openings in tubing (T) includes a stationary mandrel (50) having a guide aperture (142) through the walls thereof and adapted for insertion within the tubing to be punched. A moving actuator (110) having an inclined ramp (130) on one end is receivable within the stationary mandrel. A punch (134) is provided having an inclined end for engagement on the inclined ramp of the moving actuator and an opposite end for engagement through guide aperture (142) in the wall of the stationary mandrel. A T-shaped slot (136) is provided on the inclined end of the punch and a corresponding T-shaped ramp (132) is provided on the inclined ramp of the moving actuator. The engagement of ramp (132) in slot (136) provides for sliding engagement of the punch on the actuator. T-shaped slot (136) and ramp (132) are symmetrical about a plane through the longitudinal axis of the punch and the moving actuator. A stop bar (56) extends to one side of stationary mandrel (50).

Abstract: Apparatus for the automatic manufacture of drop forgings, particularly wrhes, from split-off and stamped workpieces comprises prebending means having a stationary bending jaw and a bending jaw which is movable in a horizontal plane, transfer means, and a power hammer which is disposed below the prebending means and has forging dies which are oppositely movable in a horizontal plane.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for crimping the ends of tubes (44) preparatory to their removal from a tube support structure (46). Accordingly, the apparatus (10) is provided with a plurality of radially spaced serrated members (24A, 24B, 24C and 24D) pivotally mounted within a housing (12). The members (24A, 24B, 24C and 24D) are equipped with rollers (32A, 32B, 32C and 32D) in registry with a retractable cone (34) disposed within the housing (12). An elastic O-ring (38) circumscribes each member (24A, 24B, 24C and 24D).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a contoured die wherein a workpiece is formed with depressions extending across the top surface of the workpiece from front to back thereof. The depressions are formed spaced apart from one another to retain flat top surface portions therebetween. Smoothly contoured edge surfaces are then formed on the workpiece in the regions of intersection of the top surface with the front and back surfaces, to produce a die with ridge projections surrounded by top surface portions having a concave elevational contour as viewed in a vertical plane perpendicular to the side surfaces of the workpiece.

Abstract: The method for the electropneumatical testing of the composite wrapper of filter cirgarettes by applying a controlled-flow gas pressure to a cigarette end, comprises a first testing in order to determine the gas permeability of the cigarette along its longitudinal direction, i.e.