Abstract: A molding apparatus for molding a pressurized plastic material of the nature of ground meat or other food such as ground fish and the like in which the apparatus comprises a movable mold having a mold opening for receiving a pressurized charge of the material, with the mold being movable between mold opening filling and article discharge positions, an entrance to the mold opening at the filling position, means for directing the pressurized charge through this entrance at the filling position and into the mold opening and vent means spaced from the mold opening entrance for venting from the mold opening air displaced by the pressurized charge entering the mold opening. The vent means comprises a plurality of elongated slots extending from the mold opening in the filling position on the side opposite to the mold entrance and exhausting to the exterior of the apparatus.

Abstract: Metallic wire card clothing is provided having a sharpened leading edge on each of the longitudinally aligned teeth formed in a metallic strip by an apparatus which includes a punch. During punching, the relative direction of travel of the punch is illustrated as inclined at an acute angle in relation to the moving strip and a die cooperating therewith. The method contemplates thus inclining the strip and while the strip is so inclined, punching the teeth as the strip is continuously fed past the die. The strip may be inclined in respect to the direction of travel of the punch either transversely or longitudinally, preferably, both.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved stirrup buckle characterized by a generally channel-shaped "keeper" having at least one and preferably a pair of pins projecting therefrom in side-by-side spaced relation adapted to enter selected registered pairs of apertures in the overlapped layers of the looped leather stirrup supporting strap, and a sleeve-like "slide" permanently affixed to the keeper with a pin and slot connection for limited slidable movement relative thereto between a telescoped position covering the pins and holding the strap layers thereon to an open position uncovering the pins so that one or more layers of strap can be removed therefrom and relocated to raise or lower the stirrup relative to the saddle from which it hangs.

Abstract: A lockable buckle for belts, straps and the like, consisting of an exterior housing, or shoe, accommodating a freely movable locking slide which forms, between it and the inside of the housing, a locking area for nipping a belt or the like passing through the buckle. One end of the slide is drawn out into a curved portion hooked onto and partially surrounding an eccentric cam means turnable by an operating arm and arranged to press this end of the slide against the belt during locking. The opposite end of the slide has a transverse slot through which the belt passes for access to the locking area between the slide and the shoe, the tension in the belt pressing this end of the slide against the belt.

Abstract: End closure means comprises a latch member having a latch surface, a two part body member defining a latch member receiving recess between the two parts, a hinge connecting the two parts together on one side of the body member, and a pair of mutually engageable headed posts and passages respectively on the two parts and spaced from the latch member recess on the other side of the body member from the hinge. The body member and latch member are at the ends of a self-supporting molded plastic string on which are mounted a plurality of beads.

Abstract: A composite identification band having multiple identification indicia, the assembly of which comprises a strap with a lower pocket overlying an upper or exposed surface and opening at one end to receive a pressure-adhesive or any other type label adapted to have writing thereon; an upper pocket superimposed on said lower pocket and opening at both ends to receive and store an encoded identification plate. The upper surface of the upper pocket is partially folded back over a portion of said upper surface to form a pocket adapted to receive one or more pressure-adhesive indicia labels. An additional pocket, adapted to receive other indicia, is spaced in longitudinal alignment adjacent to said upper and lower pockets along the strap, an end of the strap nearest the upper and lower pockets contains a stud projecting upwardly from the underside and through the band.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting absence or misalignment of heddles at the drawing-in position on a warp drawing machine by photoelectric means. The detection of such a condition is employed to stop the operation of the warp drawing machine until the condition is corrected.

Abstract: A method of bevelling the peripheral edges of port openings on the inner wall of cylinders for two-cycle engines. At least the upper and lower edges of the port opening on the inner wall of a cylinder are shaped, in advance when casting the cylinder, into concavities arcuately recessed in both axial and radial directions of the cylinder. The boundary edges between the recessed concavities and the inner wall of the cylinder are lightly bevelled by pressing or grinding so that an excellent workability, mass-productivity, and great precision can be attained.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying a sealing pressure to the stationary and sliding refractory plates of a sliding nozzle regulating the flow of molten metal from a vessel containing such molten metal. The method includes the steps of positioning the sliding nozzle across the discharge opening of the vessel, applying the desired sealing pressure to the refractory plates mounted between upper and lower metal frames, and then connecting the upper and lower metal frames to secure the refractory plates therebetween and maintain the sealing pressure.

Abstract: An improved method for manufacturing a heat transfer assembly particularly useful as a component of a radiator used to remove heat from the coolant of an internal combustion engine. The heat transfer assembly includes a plurality of louvered fin strips having fold edges that are in heat transfer contact, through solder joints, with flat-sided tubes designed to carry the fluid to be cooled by a flow of air contacting both the exterior surfaces of the tubes and the fin strip surfaces. The improved method involves the application of beads of solder to the fold edges of the fin strips, rather than to the tubes as in the prior art, before assembly of the fin strips and the tubes. The improved method reduces the amount of solder required and thereby reduces manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A method for sonic testing powder metal articles made by hot isostatic pressing in a thick-walled container including the steps of preparing the composite thick-walled container and article for sonic testing by machining sonic surfaces in the exterior surface of the thick-walled container and thereafter sonic testing the article through the walls of the container.

Abstract: There is disclosed a technique for tightening threaded fasteners in which values of offset torque, initial tension rate relative to angle, final tension rate relative to angle and other joint related factors are empirically determined by instrumenting a plurality of fasteners of the type ultimately to be tightened. In one embodiment, torque and angle are monitored during tightening. Calculations are conducted, while tightening, to determine the tension prevailing in the bolt at a particular angle of advance. By using the calculated tension value and the particular angle of advance, an instantaneous position of threading advance on the tension-angle curve of the fastener is established. From this instantaneous position, it is determined how much greater angle of advance or how much torque is required to tighten the fasteners to a final desired tension value. The same technique may also be used merely to monitor tightening which is terminated by a different tightening strategy.

Abstract: There is disclosed a technique for tightening threaded fasteners in which values of offset torque, initial tension rate relative to angle, final tension rate relative to angle and other joint related factors are empirically determined by instrumenting a plurality of fasteners of the type ultimately to be tightened. In one embodiment, torque and angle are monitored during tightening. Calculations are conducted, while tightening, to determine the tension prevailing in the bolt at a particular angle of advance. By using the calculated tension value and the particular angle of advance, an instantaneous position of threading advance on the tension-angle curve of the fastener is established. From this instantaneous position, it is determined how much greater angle of advance or how much torque is required to tighten the fasteners to a final desired tension value. The same technique may also be used merely to monitor tightening which is terminated by a different tightening strategy.

Abstract: There is disclosed a technique for tightening threaded fasteners in which values of offset torque, initial tension rate relative to angle, final tension rate relative to angle and other joint related factors are empirically determined by instrumenting a plurality of fasteners of the type ultimately to be tightened. In one embodiment, torque and angle are monitored during tightening. Calculations are conducted, while tightening, to determine the tension prevailing in the bolt at a particular angle of advance. By using the calculated tension value and the particular angle of advance, an instantaneous position of threading advance on the tension-angle curve of the fastener is established. From this instantaneous position, it is determined how much greater angle of advance or how much torque is required to tighten the fasteners to a final desired tension value. The same technique may also be used merely to monitor tightening which is terminated by a different tightening strategy.

Abstract: An improved connector is disclosed for interconnecting a plurality of fiber optic cables with a like plurality of fiber optic cables or optical devices, the fibers of the cables being accurately positioned within the respective connectors. The subject connector can be used for either splicing or terminating individual cables, each cable including at least one fiber, as well as connecting a plurality of light transmitting fiber bundles in a single connector assembly to transmitting and receiving devices. The subject connector includes a housing with at least one cable receiving bore therein; an assembly including an annular crimping ring, a profiled ferrule member, and a helical spring member secured to an end of each cable; and a cap member securing the ferrule members in the housing member in a spring loaded condition.

Abstract: A method for pressurizing an aerosol dispensing system with propellant in which a flexible inner container is inserted within a rigid outer container. The mouth opening of the inner container, having flexible means thereon, extends outwardly through the neck opening of the outer container with the flexible means supported by the neck opening. A dispensing cap is moved into engagement with the flexible means and the dispensing cap and flexible means are moved away from the neck opening while propellant is then injected through the neck opening into the region between the inner and outer containers. The dispensing cap is moved into the neck opening and crimped into engagement therewith to fix the position of the flexible means and inner container while maintaining a space between the neck opening and a portion of the exterior surface of the dispensing cap during crimping.

Abstract: A tube-to-plate connection includes a plate defining an aperture where the tube is to be attached to the plate, the portion of the plate surrounding the aperture including a flange extending away from the plane of the plate and providing, at its distal extent, a lip which projects radially inwardly toward the axis of the aperture. The end of the tube lies generally against the lip to prevent movement of the tube longitudinally further through the plate. The flange includes an opening for receiving a radially deformed portion of the tube side wall adjacent the end of the tube to prevent rotation of the tube in the plate. The flange and tube end include portions adjacent the lip which are flared to prevent movement of the tube longitudinally out of engagement with the plate.

Abstract: Accessory for a screw-tightening device having a support ring with hydraulic piston-cylinder assemblies as tensioning elements for pressure-vessel cover screws, the assemblies being disposable on a flange of the pressure-vessel cover, fastening nuts for the cover screws being loosenable and tightenable as well as transportable by the screw-tightening device, including a divided auxiliary ring having parting gaps formed in a circumferential region thereof corresponding to a circumferential region of the support ring at which parting gaps are likewise formed, the auxiliary ring and the support ring being mutually superimposable and clampable, the divided auxiliary ring having the parts thereof provided with respective means for engagement by a lifting tool, the rings having flange connections at the parting gaps thereof, the flange connections being disconnectible to form at least two separate arcuate units respectively including part of the support ring and part of the auxiliary ring clamped together for trans

Abstract: Apparatus involves advancing wedge material stock and also substantially permanently forming the stock material to precise dimensional tolerances by squeezing and deforming the material with pinch rollers. Deforming of the material includes pinching the material and thereby reducing the thickness of the material at preselected locations, with the reduced thickness portions of the material establishing precise dimensional tolerances of wedges produced by the process. A wedge magazine comprises the lower tooling of a coil injection machine and forms, in effect, an extension of tool gaps that accommodate winding coils in a coil injection machine. The magazine receiving the wedges may be a short term storage magazine which in turn feeds the wedges to a wedge magazine that forms the lower tooling of a coil injection machine.

Abstract: Apparatus includes pinch wheels that both advance wedge material stock and also substantially permanently form the stock material to precise dimensional tolerances by reducing the material thickness; means by which the formed material is retained in the formed configuration thereof; wedge severing means; and means for loading severed wedges into a wedge magazine. One of the pinch wheels is driven through a clutch-brake system arranged so that it may be driven unidirectionally only from a reciprocating drive arm. The wedges have precisely controlled dimensional tolerances and dimensional stability, with the result that the wedges lie squarely in stator core slots (when the wedges are inserted into such slots), and "wire over wedge" problems associated with skewed wedges in stator core slots are overcome.

Abstract: A boiler tube crimping tool and method of use for breaking the seal between a boiler tube and tube sheet to facilitate the pulling of the boiler tube from the tube sheet. The preferred method includes cutting the boiler tube, then crimping the remaining tube stub, followed by pushing the tube stub from the tube sheet.

Abstract: A dimensionally-recoverable article comprising a hollow resilient member which has been expanded to a dimensionally unstable configuration in which it is retained by a keeper positioned between and separating two parts of the hollow member away from the path of recovery thereof. The keeper is preferably made from a fusible or chemically degradable material so that it can be removed, for example, by heating or chemical treatment to allow the hollow member to recover towards its original configuration. One preferred form of article is a radially-expanded longitudinally split tube having the keeper positioned within the split. Such an article may be used as a connector to secure an earth lead to the sheath of a mineral-insulated cable.

Abstract: A method of assembling a relay device adapted to be removably mounted in plug-on relation to male terminals. The relay device has a housing portion with a pair of cavities therein adapted to seat a pair of female terminals electrically connected to electrical leads in circuit means of the relay device. In this method, the female terminal pair are arranged with respect to the cavity pair so that the female terminal pair may be seated therein. A cover is releasably secured onto the housing portion in a predetermined assembled position to capture the female terminal pair in the cavity pair, and a pair of openings in the cover are disposed with respect to the cavity pair and the female terminal pair for accommodating the passage through the opening pair of the male terminal into electrical contacting engagement with the female terminal pair when the relay device is removably mounted in the plug-on relation with the male terminals.

Abstract: A shaver includes a housing and a shaving head detachably secured to the housing. A modular cutting assembly is detachably mounted in the shaving head and includes a plurality of blades that are reciprocated within the head for cutting hair. The blades are joined together by pins and releasably secured to a mounting block. A biasing element secured between the mounting block and the blades biases the blades away from the mounting block to provide a floating connection. The mounting blade is slideably positioned on a clip that is resiliently positioned within the shaving head. The shaver also includes a modular clipper assembly including a pair of blades reciprocally mounted within the shaving head. A clipper guard is slideably mounted in the housing for movement toward and away from the clipper blades and includes at least one sloped slot and a cutout portion with an inclined edge including at least one detent.

Abstract: A retractable blade knife of the type having an elongate tubular handle and an elongate flat thin blade mounted for longitudinal sliding movement in the handle, is provided with a combination slide and latching member for positioning the blade which includes a slide mounted for sliding movement on the edges of a longitudinal slot in the handle and a flexible thumbpiece extending rearwardly from the slide having a tooth normally engageable with a row of teeth along one edge of the longitudinal slot and being disengageable therefrom when the thumbpiece is flexed inwardly of the handle.

Abstract: A picture frame mat opening cutter is adapted for cutting both circles and ovals and depth of cut can be controlled by the amount of downward pressure applied during use. The cutter body mounts a retractable cable wound on a rotatable spool; a cutting blade mounted on a spring-loaded, slidable support bar; and a rotatable, vertically movable control knob which bears on the support bar and is manually grasped and manipulated for moving the cutter and controlling the depth of cut according to the amount of pressure applied to the knob. Beveled oval and circular picture frame mat openings are cut utilizing the retractable cable in conjunction with positioning pins on the surface of a mat to be cut. By modification, straight line cuts are also obtainable.

Abstract: A hand knife has a removable blade. Side plates are spaced apart on opposite sides of a main frame having a rectangular socket in one end thereof. One side plate has a non-circular aperture therein and the other side plate has a circular opening therein. A pin is movable on a transverse axis relative to the main frame and has a non-circular portion in the aperture and a circular portion in the opening. A blade has an exteriorly rectangular end slidable in a predetermined direction to fit the socket. The end interiorly has a keyhole opening, the circular portion of which fits the larger, circular part of the pin and the rectangular portion of which is open ended in the predetermined direction and fits the smaller, non-circular portion of the pin. A spring normally urges the circular portions into interengagement. A button on the pin, when pressed, overcomes the spring and moves the non-circular portion into sliding engagement with the rectangular portion of the keyhole opening.

Abstract: A non-abrasive glide pad is provided with a means of attachment to the table of a portable power saw. In a preferred embodiment the pad is secured to the saw table by means of a magnetic sheet bonded to the deck of the pad. In a second embodiment the entire deck is comprised of magnetic material. In a third embodiment the means of attachment to the saw is provided by strategically-positioned appendages of the pad deck that clip onto the table of the saw. In all embodiments the non-attaching bottom of the pad is provided with a surface of a non-abrasive nature such as that of a short-napped carpet.

Abstract: An accessory device is provided for securement to a conventional portable type chainsaw to define a fixed predetermined distance of the cutting plane of the saw from an end of a work to be cut. With this arrangement, successive cuts of identical lengths can be rapidly made. The accessory itself comprises a plurality of straight cylindrical tubes nested in telescoping relationship and with appropriate frictional engagement with each other. With this arrangement, any desired length can be defined by the extent of telescoping of the tubes and the defined lengths remain fixed as a consequence of the friction between the tubes. This fixed length can thus be used for successively measuring off equal cuts of a log or other wood to be cut by the chainsaw and the operator need not be concerned with further adjustments until such time as the successive cuts are to be changed in length.

Abstract: A photogrammetric plotter having a photocarriage which is supported on a trolley carried by a first set of way bars which in turn are supported from the trolley element on a second set of way bars mounted on a base for viewing by binocular optical system of a pair of stereo photos on a pair of photo carriers on the photocarriage. A constraint free drive apparatus is provided for driving the photocarriage along each of the set of way bars each of constraint free drive apparatus including a drive rod supported, in a preferred embodiment on the trolley supporting the photocarriage, and at only one end of the drive rod is displaceable in a direction transverse of the longitudinal axis of the drive rod but not displaceable axially of the drive rod. A drive assembly constituted by V drive wheel and a servo motor driving the drive wheel engage the drive rod, and a clutch means constituted by a spring-solenoid controlled cam member permit the rapid engagement and disengagement of the drive rod with the drive wheel.

Abstract: The device has a semi-circular housing 10 defined by a linear wall 14 and an arcuate wall 12, with an inturned edge 13, 15 on one side of the housing. Beta light strips 18 are located in the recess beneath the edges 13, 15 so that graduations on the internal walls of the housing can be viewed at night through an opening 16 in the housing.

Abstract: Apparatus for area measurement of elongated strips of different widths is described, which strips may be film to be treated, the strip to be measured preferably being initially delivered between driven rolls carried on parallel shafts, the strip passing over a driven roll having grooves at predetermined intervals, small freely rotatable rolls with peripheral projections such as rings thereon being provided which depress the strip into the grooves, the freely rotatable rolls being driven by engagement with the strip, the small rolls engaging actuation rolls having magnets carried therein to activate switches to generate pulses for counting by a counter to give an area indication and for other purposes, or the small rolls directly moving magnets for switch activation. The actuation rolls are preferably counterbalanced to reduce undesired unbalance.

Abstract: A skin-fold caliper includes a base member having a handle portion and a jaw portion, a slide member having a mounting portion and a jaw portion, and a coiled spring attached between the base member and the slide member to bias the ends of the respective jaw portions together. The slide member is mounted within a recess defined by the base member for linear movement therealong. The spring is selected so that a change in its extended length does not effect a large change in the force applied to close the jaws. Herein, a thin wire spring with many coils housed between the base member and slide member is utilized to obtain this function.

Abstract: Apparatus for checking diameters and other geometrical features of workpieces having internal and or external surfaces of rotation including a base and a plate carried by the base and having a plurality of slots for supporting and adjusting the position of measuring heads. The measuring heads include feelers adapted to contact the workpiece to be checked. A plurality of measuring heads can be clamped in each slot. The slots are parallel to one another and their axes are arranged side by side in a direction perpendicular to a geometrical plane in which the feelers of the measuring heads lie. The base supports a nosepiece providing a mechanical reference for the workpiece to be checked.

Abstract: There is provided a warpage gage for railroad wheels and the like wherein a suitable support such as a fixed plate is fitted with spacers adapted to seat against a planar surface of the wheel. A plurality of displacement gages are carried by the support, each adapted to seat against the planar surface to be gaged. The displacement gages provide an indication of the deviation of the planar surface from a true plane.

Abstract: A device for testing or checking the section of a flat key comprising a base plate, a plurality of laminations, each of which is formed of a pair of half-laminations which are slidably mounted with respect to one another in their common plane towards one another so that their respective juxtaposed edges may meet with one another and away from one another to allow insertion of a flat key or a blank of a flat key to be tested. The half laminations are held in place by a pressure applying device once they have reached a position which corresponds to the desired cross-sectional profile of the flat key.

Abstract: A layout tool for defining points on rolled metal H beams comprises a U shape frame having a hand hold in the bight of the U. One leg of the frame is longer than the other and terminates at its end in a stabilizing and guide member extending perpendicular thereto. The guide member has a flat wear surface adapted to be positioned against the working line of the beam on the external surface of the beam to which all measurements are taken. The other leg of the frame slidingly supports in a channel provided therein a T scale having a flat stabilizing base member adapted to rest on the web of the beam. A locking mechanism is provided in the second leg which includes a thumb screw for locking the scale in position in the channel. The scale is disposed at right angles to the legs and the stabilizing and guide member such that the layout tool allows orthogonal lines to be scribed in any one position of the tool.

Abstract: Hole alignment probes utilizing strain gages spaced 90.degree. apart to indicate the extent and direction of misalignment of holes disposed in substantial alignment.

Abstract: Apparatus for marking preselected measurements on an object includes a device for receiving and storing data. A measurement device measures preselected distance on the object and registers the measured distance with the stored data. A marking device marks the object when the preselected distance is registered.

Abstract: An instrument which detects a rise in temperature of a surface; the instrument including a bimetal sensor disc which contacts a surface that is being serailled by the instrument, and which, when becoming overheated, causes the disc to snap into engagement with a contact strip, thus closing a warning alarm; and the instrument having adjustments to set off the alarm at a selected temperature.

Abstract: A universal parallel ruler is disclosed. The head of the ruler includes preset stoppers which are adjustably positioned according the three axes of the three-dimensional drawing. There are three stoppers. One is stationary, and two are adjustable. The scale can be selectively set to the basic three axes by locking engagement with the preset stoppers. The stationary stopper corresponds to the vertical axis Y whereas the adjustable stoppers may be angularly set and correspond to the remaining (X and Y) axes. A locking piece may be engaged with or disengaged from the preset stoppers so that the scales may be engaged with the preset stoppers after the stoppers have been angularly set as desired. Also, the three preset stoppers may be fixably or adjustably mounted on the ruler's protractor so that the three axes of the three-dimensional drawing may be independently set.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for treating wood and other fibrous materials within a hermetically sealed, heat insulated chamber comprising means for applying a predetermined mechanical pressure to said fibrous materials, means for controlling the conditions within said chamber whereby steam is generated in the center of said fibrous materials, and means for subsequently removing said steam; means are additionally provided for staining, finishing, fireproofing, laminating, forming, shaping, and increasing the density and tensile strength of said fibrous materials.

Abstract: A method for treating whole logs to prevent them from splitting as they are dried to a desired moisture content. Whole green logs are placed in a pressure vessel which is sealed. Preferably the logs are debarked before they are placed in the vessel, but they may be debarked after their removal therefrom. Steam is thereafter injected into the vessel until the wood throughout the logs has reached a temperature within the range of about 190.degree.-240.degree. F., while condensed water and other fluids from the wood are drained from the vessel. Subsequently the pressure in the vessel is released at a rate slow enough that no significant collapse of the wood within the logs occurs, and when the logs are cool enough to handle they are removed, debarked if necessary, and dried in a room whose relative humidity is maintained not less than about 45% until the logs have reached a predetermined moisture content.

Abstract: Apparatus for ultraviolet drying and/or curing of freshly applied solvent-free ink on three-dimensional articles such as containers. Baskets for carrying the articles are swivelly mounted at spaced locations on an endless conveyor. The conveyor pathway has a bend or loop when viewed in elevation, the shape of which is determined by a drum or sprocket. A tubular ultraviolet lamp is arranged, preferably in the crook of the bend or loop, parallel to the axis of curvature of the bend or loop. The baskets are of perforate construction, preferably comprising wire strips in planes which intersect along lines parallel to their respective swivel axis. The lamp irradiates a predetermined sector of each passing article in the course of displacement over the bend or loop; shadows falling on the articles due to nonperforate portions of the baskets move continuously along the predetermined sector so that no spot on the predetermined sector is constantly obstructed from the ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: A contour following image pick-up head for use in a vehicle training simulator camera/model board visual system. A pivotable mirror 42 is fixedly mounted beneath the camera, while an adjustable shoe 38 which is free to rotate about a pitch axis is positioned beneath the mirror and moves with the camera in contact with the model board. One or more electromechanical transducers 54, 56 detect the pitch movement of the shoe as it traverses the board and produce signals which are used in controlling the pitch of the mirror to produce a realistic visual image corresponding to the view from the vehicle being simulated. The shoe may be given roll and vertical motion freedom and the camera provided with a Dove prism and vertical drive. Electromechanical transducers 48, 54, 56 may then be provided to detect roll and vertical movement of the shoe, and produce signals which may be used to control vertical camera movement and Dove prism movement for improved image realism.

Abstract: A flight simulator instrument trainer has operational controls and instruments similar to a conventional aircraft. An AC driven position simulator moves a simulated station position according to simulated power, attitude, flap condition direction and distance traveled to control simulated ADF, ILS and VOR instruments. Angularly offset phases are generated and are provided to potentiometers on directional instruments. Wipers on the potentiometers move with simulated direction indicators. Signals from the wipers are fed to other devices, and phases are compared with one of two ninety degree offset reference phases. The latter are shifted according to simulated flight characteristics, and the thus-varied output of the phase comparators are used to drive instruments and to shift angle position accumulators and distance position accumulators.

Abstract: A mathematics device in which 100 cubes are arranged in parallel rows with 10 cubes in each row and rotatably mounted on a supporting rod. A rectangular frame encloses all of the cubes and supports the rods. Each cube has four peripheral faces, each face having a different color and having numbers thereon for use in adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing and improper fractions. Also, the two sides of the frame are numbered from 1 to 10 to represent the rows of cubes while the two ends of the frame are numbered from 1 to 10 and the cubes in each row are aligned under these numbers into ten columns. Spacing members are mounted on each rod and positioned between adjacent cubes and markers are provided to be removably mounted on the rods and between adjacent cubes and are used in solving various mathematical problems.

Abstract: Ventilated footwear formed of an upper of impermeable material having its lower margin spaced from the upper surface of the sole, whether inner or tread sole, and socklining, to provide a space for ventilation, and the upper is secured to the sole by means including a rim of permeable material.

Abstract: In a outsole for sports shoes, each of a multiplicity of tapered anti-slip cleats is provided over its periphery with a plurality of spaced substantially parallel longitudinal ribs. The blunt tread face of each cleat may have an oblique portion, the oblique portions of at least most of the cleats between the heel and shank being inclined forwardly and those of at least most of the cleats between the toe and shank being inclined rearwardly.

Abstract: The invention concerns a shoe having light reflecting means on the upper portion and on the bottom sole portion thereof to reflect light from approaching vehicles to visually signal the wearer's presence. The shoe is particularly useful for athletic shoes, such as jogging shoes.