Abstract: A detector comprises a pair of electromechanical transducers for disposition on a fluid-filled conduit in an acoustically coupled relationship, an adjustable gain driving amplifier responsive to the electrical output of one transducer for driving the other transducer, an automatic gain control circuit for automatically adjusting the gain of the driving amplifier maintaining the system on the margin of oscillation, and an indicating circuit for detecting modulation of the driving signal. Bubbles passing through the conduit increase the gain required to maintain the system on the margin of oscillation, and are detected as modulations of the driving signal. In a preferred embodiment, this bubble detector is utilized as a refrigerating system test instrument.

Abstract: A gas detection apparatus with a gas detection element of which the electric resistance changes in accordance with a gas constituent, especially oxygen, in exhaust gas, wherein a fixed voltage is applied to a series circuit of the gas detection element and the reference resistor, and from the voltge at the voltage dividing point between the gas detection element and the reference resistor it is detected whether the gas constituent has exceeded a predetermined range or not. The gas detection apparatus includes a plurality of comparators each for comparing the voltage at the voltage dividing point with a corresponding one of the reference voltages to generate a comparison signal, and a logic circuit responsive to the rise or fall of the comparison signals showing that the gas constituent has exceeded a predetermined range.

Abstract: A personal dosimeter for measuring the time-average concentration of a gaseous contaminant in the atmosphere in a manner substantially independent of atmospheric motion relative to the dosimeter is provided. The dosimeter comprises a detector substance capable of chemically or physically combining with the gaseous contaminant disposed tightly between two substantially flat members, at least one of which has a plurality of through-and-through channels. The members have corresponding, meshing shapes such that the channels provide the only communication between the atmosphere and the detector substance, allowing the gaseous contaminant to diffuse through the channels.

Abstract: Air sampling apparatus having a housing covered by a roof which creates a passageway between the housing and the roof. The housing has an open upper end and a plate with a hole through it for mounting a filter and a blower by which air is drawn through the filter. A cover plate for the filter is provided with means for removing the plate when air is to be drawn through the filter and replacing the plate over the filter when the air blower is inoperative.

Abstract: Ultrasonic waves are applied to a test liquid of an unknown density, and the acoustic parameters of the liquid are measured. The difference is then detected between the acoustic parameters of the test liquid and those of a standard liquid of the same temperature. The difference thus detected is added to the known density of the standard liquid, thereby obtaining the density of the test liquid.

Abstract: A comprehensive automotive cooling system testing apparatus allows for the separate testing of the radiator and the engine block cooling passageways, in addition to the testing of the radiator cap and the complete cooling system. The testing apparatus includes a master pressurizing test unit, and adaptors to attach the unit to the various portions of the cooling system. The master pressurization test unit includes a gauge for visually observing the level of pressure, an air inlet for connecting the device to an external source of pressurized air, a manual pressure relief valve for releasing pressure when the testing is finished, and an automatic pressure relief valve for releasing pressure from the portion of the cooling system under test whenever the pressure reaches a predetermined level. The various portions of the master test unit are mounted to an air conduit which is attached to a cap similar to a radiator cap.

Abstract: A crankshaft position sensing system for sensing the motion of an engine crankshaft and a method of generating an output signal having an adjustable special phasing relationship with respect to the motion of a plurality of pistons disposed within the block of an automotive engine. The crankshaft position sensing system includes a pickoff disposed within a mounting bracket that is mounted to the underside of an engine block such that the face of the pickoff is maintained in spaced relationship to a sense wheel. The sense wheel contains a plurality of sense features and rotates with the engine crankshaft to coact with the pickoff to generate an output signal indicative of the motion of the crankshaft.In addition, the phasing between the output signal and the engine motion is fixed by the pickoff mounting geometries and fixed by the orientation of the sense wheel relative to an index feature on the flange of the crankshaft.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for measuring the ratio between web tension and web substance by causing the web to vibrate at its resonance frequency, measuring the pressure variations or the signal causing the web vibration to produce a first signal, measuring a signal in phase and representative of the vibration of the web and to produce a second signal, comparing the phase difference of the first and second signals so that a deviation from a predetermined phase difference produces an output signal, and controlling the frequency of the signal or pressure variations causing the web to vibrate in response to the output signal so that the predetermined phase difference is maintained.

Abstract: The aeroload torque simulator provides torques for either statically or dmically loading the output shaft of a power servo system such as a missile fin control system. It simulates the aerodynamic torque load developed at the missile fin which varies dynamically in flight.

Abstract: An aircraft instrumentation system having an indicator which indicates a linearly variable ratio of the pressure differential between two pressures at two different locations on the aircraft wing and two pressures located remote therefrom. An electrical circuit is responsive to the pressures to determine and indicate the aforesaid ratio. Each of the locations wherein pressure is to be detected is positioned so that the aforesaid ratio remains nondouble valued independent of electrical compensation circuits which are responsive to variations in aircraft power and flap setting to thereby provide a ratio which is a function only of a normalized coefficient of lift (C.sub.LN *) and to thereby provide the pilot with an indication at all times as to the aircraft's orientation relative to the maximum coefficient of lift.

Abstract: A fluid flow sensor comprises a hollow spool (58) displaceable on a spindle (66) against a spring (68). A sharp peripheral edge of a peripheral bead (80) on the spool (58) co-operates with the wall (61) of a throat (60) to form an annular flow path between chambers (92 and 90) in a housing (28) as the spool is displaced by the fluid pressure difference between the chambers (92 and 90). In the illustrated resting position of the spool (58), the peripheral bead (80) seats against a valve seat (57) and a residual flow path between the chambers (90 and 92) is provided by a small bleed orifice (89) in the wall of the spool. The pressure difference between the chambers (92 and 90) provides a measure of the fluid flow rate over a very wide range of flow rates.In a modification, the bleed orifice is pre-adjustable.

Abstract: A compensated level measuring system is disclosed for measuring the level of the material housed in a vessel, the system incorporating compensation means for compensating for variations in the dielectric constant of the material. A two element measuring system is used, having a first element mounted at a fixed position within the vessel containing the material for obtaining a level signal which is a function of the material level, and a second element maintained within the vessel and always submerged in the material for obtaining a reference signal. Means are provided for adjusting the reference signal so that it can accurately compensate for variations in the level signal which occur independently of the material level.

Abstract: A method for measuring the physical temperature of objects by means of microwaves using a Dicke radiometer. A noise signal is continuously applied to an antenna which is directed towards the object and is periodically and alternately applied, together with the antenna signal, which includes reflected noise and object emission to the radiometer. The integrated output signal of the radiometer controls the noise power and is proportional to the object temperature.

Abstract: A composition is described comprising at least two co-crystallized acetylenic compounds, of different chemical structures, each containing at least one --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C-- group and substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonate, urethane and alcohol radicals, at least one of the compounds capable of undergoing a contrasting color change upon exposure to actinic radiation or thermal annealing, wherein the composition exhibits a substantially different thermogram than the sum of thermograms of the individual components as obtained by differential scanning calorimetry.A device is also described useful for measuring the time-temperature or radiation-dosage history of an article comprising a substrate having deposited thereon the described composition.A process is also described for producing the composition of this invention.

Abstract: A piston and cylinder type thermal device having a resilient stem seat provided with an opening in one end thereof and receiving an actuating stem in the opening that is adapted to reciprocate in the opening in response to the thermal expansion and contraction of a charge of material in the device and operatively acting on the stem seat adjacent the other end thereof. The opening includes one portion thereof adjacent the other end of the stem seat that is substantially smaller in diameter than the diameter of the portion of the stem that is to be received that one portion when the stem seat is in the unassembled condition thereof. The opening further includes another portion thereof adjacent the one end of the stem seat that is substantially smaller in diameter than the diameter of the portion of the stem that is to be received in said other portion when the stem seat is in the unassembled condition thereof.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring the crevice gap clearance between the tubes and tube supports in a heat exchanger includes setting the tube into vibration until it impacts against the tube support plate and determining by accelerometers mounted on the tube the distance the tube has moved.

Abstract: In an illustrated embodiment an array of ultrasonic transducer elements is combined into a first transmitting surface to emit a first transmit signal, and then in alternation with blanking intervals is combined into receiving surfaces of progressively increased size for the reception of echo signals and for constructing a first image line of a first partial image. A second transmitting surface of lesser size then emits a transmit signal and further combinations of transducer elements are activated during time intervals thereafter which correspond to the blanking intervals of the first image line. Such sequential lines may form a composite line on a visual display. A planar array of transducer elements may have its successive receiving surfaces of varying size electronically focused either in the scan direction or in the layer thickness direction, or the array can have mechanical curvature to provide a desired focus in the layer direction.

Abstract: A laterally movable ultrasound transducer, comprising the sensor of a rail fault detection device, is automatically centered on the rail as the detection device moves along the rail. The sensor includes a pair of ultrasound receiving transducers positioned to either side of a transducer which generates and receives ultrasonic energy. Signals provided by the receiving transducers are compared and any difference therebetween employed to control the lateral position of the sensor with respect to the rail.

Abstract: This invention relates to an optical fiber acoustical sensor for sensing acoustic vibrations and in combination with an incoherent or coherent source of light such as a LED or a laser and a photo detector to determine the frequency and amplitude of the sound pressure variations. The invention consists of an element of optical fiber without cladding surrounded by a liquid or plastic potting material permeable to sound pressure and having an index of refraction slightly less than the fiber. The intensity of a light beam transmitted by means of fiber optic waveguides, single or multi-mode, from a source of light through the sensor to a photo detector varies with the variation of sound pressure to which the sensor is subjected. If the sensor is in water, the transmitted light intensity varies with the acoustical pressure in the water because the changes in liquid or plastic index of refraction changes with the sound pressure.

Abstract: A testing device for applying a force to a material test sample includes a test fixture for engaging the test sample and a solenoid, operatively coupled to the test fixture, for applying a predetermined force to the test sample in response to a solenoid control signal. A strain gauge is mounted on the test fixture and provides an electrical output indicative of the force applied to the test sample. A force setting circuit provides an electrical output indicative of the predetermined force which is to be applied to the test sample. A solenoid control circuit is responsive to the output from the strain gauge element and to the output of the force setting element and provides a control signal to the solenoid such that the predetermined force may be applied to the test sample. The force setting circuit provides an electrical output having an adjustable rate of increase and an adjustable maximum level. A sample circuit monitors the output of the strain gauge to store the peak force applied to the test sample.

Abstract: A flash butt welder with an operating lever connected to the movable platen and control mechanism therefor including a rotatable cam member having an arcuate cam surface with a flash portion followed by a radially inwardly extending upset portion, a cam member driving wheel mounted on the operating lever in contact with the flash portion of the cam surface for rotating the cam member and a snubbing device for controlling the rotation of the same member.

Abstract: A wobble plate drive mechanism for machines having axial pistons or the like clustered about a shaft. The moving parts are dynamically balanced over a range of wobble plate tilt angles by a balance ring arranged outboard of the wobble plate. The wobble plate restraint has balanced gimbal rings.

Abstract: A window regulator for a tailgate window comprising a pair of rotary drums each of which has associated with it a tape of sufficient flexibility to conform to the periphery of the drum. The drums are mounted on a flanged support member, the flanges defining with the drums arcuate channels in which the tape is confined. The two drums are each provided with tooth portions in mesh with each other so that the two drums rotate in opposite directions, thus imparting longitudinal movement to the tapes. A drive pinion, preferably motor driven, is in mesh with the tooth portion of one of the drums.

Abstract: This invention concerns a bicycle derailleur comprising a screw engaging in a nut which is provided on the derailleur and which comes into contact with a stop member which is fixed in relation to the bicycle frame.

Abstract: A reinforced elastomeric drive belt 20 having tooth-like protuberances 21 for meshing with the teeth of a pulley is provided with reinforcing fibers 27 distributed through at least a portion of each tooth 21.Also provided is a method for building the improved belt and an improved apparatus for building such a belt.

Abstract: In a belt there is provided an end region facilitating splicing or repair of the belt. The region includes a reinforcing core extending in the lengthwise direction of the belt and a separator layer. The separator layer is relatively non-adherent to the reinforcing core and facilitates removal of at least one of the outer cover layers for splicing or repair of the belt. The region is provided during manufacture of the belt.

Abstract: An improved chain speed reducer assembly comprising a drive shaft supported at one end by a first bearing block and by a second bearing block at the other end. Each of the bearing blocks has a shaft supporting bore that is axially displaced a predetermined offset distance from the central axis of the bearing block, and each of the bearing blocks is supported by a gear box frame so as to be selectively rotatable about the central axis of each bearing block. Attaching bolt connectors permit the bearing blocks to be secured at selected angular dispositions. This permits selective canting of the drive shaft, and when coupled with other similarly supported driven shafts supporting plural sprockets, separate strands of roller chains can be adjusted independently via the eccentric movement of the bearing block supporting bores upon selective rotation of the bearing blocks.

Abstract: A ball circulation type of screw and nut spiral gearing having a ball return tube establishing a passage between the ball guiding channels of the gearing within an elongated peripheral slot formed in the nut. A spacer is disposed between the ball return tube and a cover wall surrounding the nut to maintain the spacer and ball return tube in proper assembled positions. The spacer and ball return tube are interengaged to form a preassembly unit for joint installation into the peripheral slot of nut during assembly of the gearing.

Abstract: A floor mounted transmission control movable to a plurality of operating modes for controlling an automatic transmission has a lock rod controlled by a steering column mounted ignition lock and switch control which prevents the release of a detent mechanism thereby prohibiting movement of the transmission control from the "Park" mode unless the ignition switch has been moved from the "Lock" position. The connection between the ignition switch and the lock rod is by way of a flexible cable. The manual control detent mechanism has a stop member associated therewith which prevents the lock rod from performing its function and the ignition switch from being moved to the "Lock" position until the "Park" mode is selected by the operator.

Abstract: A roller for a paper machine, including: a tube passing axially through the shell of the roller; a respective holder for each of a plurality of counterbalancing weights; the holders being annularly spaced around the tube; a spring pushing each holder around the respective weight supported thereon toward the inside surface of the roller shell.

Abstract: The disclosure herein describes an automatic stepless transmission with a continuously changing gear ratio; the transmission comprises two differential gear mechanisms interconnected through a pair of gear connections so that the power flow from the first differential gear mechanism to the second differential gear mechanism is divided into two components when the transmission is "in gear".

Abstract: A compact automatic transmission of the planetary type adapted for front wheel drive installations including a Ravigneaux gear set and four friction elements whereby 3-forward drive ratios and one reverse ratio may be established, and a first shaft is provided connected directly to the engine and a second shaft being connected to be driven through a hydraulic torque converter. Each of the shafts is connected to drive an element of the gear set whereby a partly hydraulic and partly mechanical drive is provided. In addition, only one friction element need be engaged for each of the ratios established by the transmission.

Abstract: A traction drive torque transmission having a lubricant recirculating system by which a liquid lubricant is passed into and out of heat transfer contact with frictionally engaged rolling surfaces and in which transfer of thermal energy from the rolling surfaces to the lubricant is enhanced by removing a boundary layer of the lubricant which forms on the surfaces. Blade-like scrapers or wipers are mounted on a transmission component movable relative to the frictionally engaged rolling surfaces and are located in relation to ports through which lubricant is passed to the surfaces so that a supply of fresh and relatively cool lubricant is available at the surfaces as they are wiped.

Abstract: The invention concerns a planetary gear with friction planet wheels, especially for high rotational speeds. One of the gear shafts is connected to a flange further connected to the friction planet wheels transmitting the power. The planet wheels form the sole bearing for the gear casing and both gear shafts.

Abstract: A first drive element of a speed changer is rotatably supported in front of and coaxial with a stationary support, and a second drive element is rotatably supported by and coaxial with the stationary support. An intermediate disc is eccentrically mounted on the first drive element for transmitting rotary motion between the first and second drive elements; guiding and locking devices are connected with the support for locking the intermediate disc against rotation and for mounting it for movement in a closed circular path corresponding to the eccentric mounting of the intermediate disc; an inner gear is rigidly mounted on and coaxial with the intermediate disc and has external teeth; and an outer gear is rigidly mounted on and coaxial with the second drive element, surrounding the inner gear and having internal teeth in greater number than the external ones, for consecutive meshing engagements between the internal and external teeth.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adjustable stroke piston machine assembly wherein the stroke is adjustable steplessly from zero to full displacement. Two connecting rods are provided and a pivotal joint between the rods is guided by an arc shape path of a guide member. The guide member is pivotally adjustable to vary the position of the arc shaped path relative to the piston and thereby vary the stroke of the piston.

Abstract: A support plate is provided and includes a pair of intersecting adjacent side marginal edges disposed at generally 100.degree. to 120.degree. relative to each other and provided with endwise outwardly opening grooves formed therein communicated with each other at adjacent ends. The plate includes a transverse bore formed therethrough whereby the plate may be oscillatably supported from a swingable arm of a saw chain sharpener for movement of the plate toward and away from the rotary grinding wheel of the sharpener. Adjustment structure is supported from the plate for adjustably limiting angular displacement of the plate in one direction relative to the corresponding swing arm. The grooves formed in the plate are provided to guidingly and slidingly receive the guide lugs of an associated saw chain and the plate includes adjustable abutment structure engageable with successive saw chain teeth to limit shifting of an associated saw chain relative to the plate along the grooves.

Abstract: A cap twister bottle opener having a pair of elongate clamp rings each having a transverse major axis and thick and thin circumferential portions surrounding a central opening. The rings are secured together by a pivot pin extending through the major axes and through the thin portion of one ring and the thick portion of the other ring. Cap-engaging teeth are provided on the interior surfaces of the thick portions of the rings for engagement with a cap inserted through the central openings. The bottle opener fits easily within the palm of the user and is squeezed to rotate the rings about the pin and move the teeth into engagement with the cap. The elongate shape of the rings facilitate rotation of the opener and held cap relative to the bottle to remove the cap from the bottle.

Abstract: A coupling used between a handle and a tool having outwardly-opening tool-receiving sockets at its opposed ends for selectively receiving a tool shank and a separate intermediate torque-applying sleeve having outwardly-opening sockets at its opposed ends for selectively receiving a driving handle shank after it is passed through the cooperative tool socket. A pair of reversely-wound springs surround the sleeve and when the handle shank is in one end socket of the sleeve and is turned in one direction, it will drive the tool socket at the other end, but the handle shank and socket can be freely turned in a reverse direction.

Abstract: An adjustable wrench comprises a supporting member having a plurality of gripping arms pivotally supported thereon. The gripping arms are moveable into and out of engagement with a hex-headed nut or bolt. The apparatus may be modified to use two or four or eight arms for gripping square-headed or octagonally-headed nuts or bolts. Obviously, the gripping structure could also be used for gripping other objects, as in a drill chuck or lathe.The apparatus has a second moveable member capable of rotary motion adjacent to the supporting member. The second moveable member has supported thereon a cylindrical cam member moveable longitudinally of said gripping arms and engageable with cam surfaces thereon to move said arms pivotally inward into gripping relation.

Abstract: A boring bar attachment for engine lathes to cut accurate internal diameters or to cut positive or negative tapers within relatively long and/or large diameter cylinders. The attachment includes a support bar which is readily attached at one end to the lathe chuck and positioned internally of the cylinder, while the other end is supported on the cross-bar of the lathe. A travelling cutter is slidably supported upon the bar and longitudinally movable by a variable speed motor-driven lead screw.

Abstract: A record transfer press including an apparatus for trimming flash from a disc record, said apparatus having a relatively movable drive means and trimming head.

Abstract: A tube cutoff device which includes a rotatable cutter head assembly for radially slidably supporting a cutter and a pair of support rollers in circumferentially spaced relationship. A stationary tubular guide extends through the cutter head assembly for permitting a tube to be fed therethrough and positioned between the cutter and the support rollers. A cam assembly is rotatable with and axially slidably supported on the cutter head assembly. When the cam assembly is axially displaced, it cooperates with the cutter and rollers for displacing same radially inwardly into engagement with the tube which is to be cut. The cam assembly is axially activated by a nonrotatable actuator which is axially movable and coupled to the cam assembly. The actuator is coaxially aligned with the cutter head assembly and is positioned concentrically around the tubular guide.

Abstract: A method for making a punch and stripper assembly for a reciprocating metal-punching press in which the stripper is integrally molded about the punch while in the punch holder through the use of a certain plastics material mold cooperating with the punch holder, and a substantially liquid plastics material that can be poured in the mold and will set to a solid condition integral with the punch.

Abstract: Automatic power shearing apparatus and method for trimming sheet material into finished blanks comprising blade means, x and y axis feeding means and sheet feeding means including a first power driven means for moving the sheet in x and y directions and a second means responsive to a control acting to move the sheet in preselected directions by a constant counter balance against the first power driven means.

Abstract: The specification discloses a mill including a track having separable sections clamped to ground bearing cross members to which a log to be ripped is dogged. A carriage has deeply flanged rollers engaging opposite track members and supporting a post. A crossarm support is adjustable up and down the post and a horizontal crossarm is adjustable horizontally on the support by a rack and pinion drive. A saw bar of a chain saw is bolted to a quadrant which is quickly adjustable between a vertical position and a horizontal position of the saw bar. A handle on the carriage is adapted to be pushed by an operator to move the carriage along the track, and a bowden-wire control to the throttle of the chain saw is mounted on the handle.

Abstract: An apertured insulating strip permits closing a circuit only at contact points defined by the apertures between a low resistance conductor and a high resistance conductor in an electronic circuit of the type which produces musical notes each having a frequency dependent upon the resistance downstream of a particular contact point.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument is of a time-shared digital processing type and capable of producing musical tones for a special performance. There are provided, at suitable time intervals, time periods in which no key code of a depressed key is produced by a key coder. During these time periods, a signal designating a special performance is generated. In a channel assignment circuit which assigns key codes of depressed keys to plural tone production channels there is provided a channel for an exclusive use for the special performance. A circuit for assigning data for the special performance transmits the data to the channel assignment circuit in response to the special performance designation signal from the key coder so that the data selected from among the key data already assigned to the tone production channels for ordinary performance are sequentially assigned to the channel allotted exclusively for the special performance.

Abstract: A simulated violoncello having an elongated body shaped in conformity with the fingerboard of a violoncello and a pair of curved panels adapted for confinement between the knees of the user and attached to the body to simulate the knee-held side portions of the resonance box of a violoncello is disclosed. The panels may be attached to a block which slidably engages a rail of trapezoidal cross-section formed along the back of said body and extending along a lower portion of the length thereof, whereby the height of said panels can be adjusted. An elongated floor support arm is attached to a lower end of the block which is removable and reversably disposable upon the rail so as to place the floor support arm in a stored position behind and adjacent the body of the instrument.

Abstract: A means for controlling special musical effects in synchronism with picking a string of a stringed musical instrument by a pick. More specifically, the disclosure describes a means whereby a signal generated as a result of a pick breaking contact with a string of the stringed instrument initiates a special musical effect. The special musical effect may alter the output of a pick-up generated by vibration of the strings, or may be independent of string vibration and merely initiated by the pick breaking contact with the string. Also, disclosed is a pick having a conductive portion and a nonconductive portion so that picking a string by the conductive portion initiates a special musical effect and picking the string by the nonconductive portion results in the instrument operating in a conventional manner without the special musical effect.