Abstract: A method and machine for feeding plastic thread from a bulk spool, forming the thread into a spiral configuration, and inserting the spiral into a perforated sheet group so that it may be cut and bent to form a spiral binder. The machine and process is continuous and includes a first section in which the thread is softened as it moves around a mandrel, a second section where the formed thread is cooled and a final section at which the coil is fed into a perforated sheet group.

Abstract: An outer molding band for a shoe upper backpart portion molding machine comprises two support portions, each carrying a block of relatively hard rubber, each block in turn carrying a molding cushion which is shaped to the shape of an inner mold. A cover, which acts as a diaphragm, to which air may be admitted, is arranged between the diaphragm and the support portion, to press the block, and thus the mold cushion carried therewith, against the inner form. The two support portions are pivotable inwardly to a position in which the mold cushions supported thereby engage the inner mold, or a shoe upper placed over the inner mold, and where air may be admitted as aforementioned, to apply a molding pressure to that shoe upper.

Abstract: A pocket is formed on the lower exterior portion of a vacuum cleaner bag, with the pocket having a lip at its upper end which extends substantially across the entire bag width. The pocket functions to receive and store debris manually removed from the floor for later disposal. A removable caddy is provided for holding other desired equipment. The caddy includes a pair of expandable pockets and a rear flap which extends downwardly over the aforementioned lip and into the bag pocket. The caddy hangs freely from the lip and is held in position by the vertically extending vacuum cleaner handle.

Abstract: An upright vacuum cleaner has a single motor on the body thereof, for rotating the vacuum producing fan blade, for rotating the rotary brush, as well as for driving the wheels by way of a clutch. The clutch is driven from the motor shaft by way of Evoloid gearing and a continuously driven bevel pinion, to drive oppositely rotating bevel gears. The handle grip of the cleaner is slidable along the end of the shaft or rod between the handle and the body, and controls a Bowden cable to effect the movement of a pair of clutch plates with respect to corresponding bevel gears, thereby to drive wheels on the body in a reversible manner.

Abstract: A retractable caster adapted to be secured, for example, to the legs of a power tool support stand so that with the casters in their lowered positions, the stand is rollingly supported on the casters, and with the casters raised, the support stand rests firmly and solidly on the floor. The retractable caster includes a rod which extends outwardly from the caster, the rod being engageable by the operator's foot to lower the caster into engagement with the floor, to lift the support stand clear of the floor, and to lock the caster in its lowered position with the stand rollingly supported on the caster.

Abstract: Shucked whole clams are drawn by suction through a delivery tube having multiple bulbous portions and intervening constrictions. In passing through the delivery tube, the clams are subjected to repetitive massage or squeezing followed by sudden release from each constriction into a bulbous zone where the clam is suddenly decelerated prior to entering the next constriction in the delivery tube. The clams with their bellies essentially separated from the remainder of the meat are discharged from one end of the delivery tube into a primary suction chamber and are then propelled through a flush pipe under influence of two converging fluid jet streams somewhat downstream from the delivery tube which exert a further squeezing pressure on each clam while propelling it through the flush pipe and maintaining the required degree of suction in the system.

Abstract: Poultry gizzards with entrails such as gut and stomach attached are supported at first on a rotary drum with a helical tread and a rotary support bar whereupon the gizzards are urged along a path and are oriented so that the entrails hang therebelow as they move along the path. As the gizzards move beyond the rotary drum they move onto a stationary support bar that also cooperates with an extension of the rotary support bar, and a conveyor moves down into engagement with the gizzards and urges the gizzards further along the path. A rotary cutting disc extending over the support bars severs the entrails from the gizzards, and a second rotary cutting disc protrudes upwardly between the support bars and splits the gizzards. The split gizzards then straddle a support rail and move up on and over helical cleaning wheels which further separates the cut-apart portions of the gizzards to permit water spray to remove the particles from the gizzards.

Abstract: In a machine for use in poultry processing plants, a succession of birds, suspended by their legs from an overhead conveyor, are advanced through a zone of arcuate movement in conjunction with a horizontal rotor so constructed that each bird is separately handled and individually controlled until a cut is effected into its neck sufficient to sever at least one blood vessel, causing the bird to bleed to death, all without decapitation. In the killing method, as the necks are guided horizontally along the arcuate path, the head and the neck are simultaneously captured adjacent and below the precise area where cutting is to take place at the skull. At the same time, the neck is captured near the bird's body and is stretched during rotation with the rotor while the head is held against ascent such that little, if any, neck skin remains attached to the skull along the slice that is produced by the cutter.

Abstract: A fiber sliver opening roll of an open-end spinning device is equipped with needles, wherein the needle shaft of each needle is mounted in a bore. The surface of the opening roll is provided with outer, wide recesses which clear or leave free the needles at all sides. Below the bases of the recesses there are located the aforementioned bores which are smaller than the recesses. Between each needle and the side wall of the related recess there is left free a clearance or space. The depth of each recess is greater than the distance at the recess base between the outer surface of the needle and the inner wall of the recess, and which depth amounts to from 1 to 10 times the aforementioned distance. Owing to the provision of each such recess the related needle extends free on all sides between the roll surface and the bore in such a manner that there are prevented fiber jamming and fiber accumulations on the needles.

Abstract: A tab buckle for a tab on a pair of trousers comprising a body member and an elongated element attached to the body member on the rear face of the body member. A latching member having a locking edge is attached to the body member by a resilient element which resiliently resists movement of the latching member away from the elongated element.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating fabric by beating while the fabric is in the spread or flattened state, particularly for use in a process and system for washing the fabric. The apparatus has a large number of beating bars arranged in groups each of which being adapted to effect a beating, in cooperation with beating anvils, on the fabric which is carried and fed by an endless rubber base running on the beating anvils. The driving mechanisms for the feed of the fabric and for the beating are operatively connected such that the feed and the beatings are made alternately. For washing the cloth, the cloth is immersed in the solution of a detergent, and is then beaten by the first group of beating bars. Subsequently, the fabric is beaten by the second group of beating bars under application of washing with hot water or water. The apparatus of the invention can treat thin fabrics such as gauze, and can ensure a high soft feel or touch of the finished fabric, due to the application of the beating.

Abstract: A combination burial vault and casket and funeral and burial method or system are provided. The burial vault comprises a base which includes a generally rectangular-shaped upright interiorly decorated inner wall structure having a closed bottom and an open top. A "surround" or false casket includes a generally rectangular-shaped box-like frame having handle members attached thereto, and having an open top and an open bottom and an interiorly decorated hinged top or closure member. In use the "surround" or false casket is arranged over and encloses the inner upright wall structure and bottom wall or supporting platform of the base and is releasably latched thereto at the funeral home with the remains of the deceased arranged in the casket assembly provided by the inner upright wall structure and its bottom wall or supporting platform and the "surround" or false casket enclosing the same.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll comprising a tubular-shaped flexible roll shell rotatable about a fixed support. The roll shell is supported by pressure elements arranged in a pressure plane. The pressure elements are movable relative to the fixed support in such pressure plane and serve to exert a pressure force. The roll shell is fixedly retained at its ends to preclude movement perpendicular to the pressure plane. At least one device for influencing laterial deformation of the roll shell is arranged at the support. Such device is equipped with at least one impact or contact surface and cooperates with the inner surface of the roll shell.

Abstract: A method for forming a liquid cooled airfoil for a gas turbine is disclosed. A plurality of holes are formed at spaced locations in an oversized airfoil blank. A pre-formed composite liquid coolant tube is bonded into each of the holes. The composite tube includes an inner member formed of an anti-corrosive material and an outer member formed of a material exhibiting a high degree of thermal conductivity. After the coolant tubes have been bonded to the airfoil blank, the airfoil blank is machined to a desired shape, such that a portion of the outer member of each of the composite tubes is contiguous with the outer surface of the machined airfoil blank. Finally, an external skin is bonded to the exposed outer surface of both the machined airfoil blank and the composite tubes.

Abstract: Methods for cleaning sand from a helical spring sand filter, methods for assembling a self-cleaning helical spring sand filter, and a self-cleaning helical spring sand filter for use at the petroliferous unconsolidated sand strata of an oil well are disclosed. The filter comprises a helical spring connected in tension at each end to an elongated perforated sleeve for spacing apart all convolutions by a predetermined distance for forming the filter. One or more washer shaped cleaning rings with square holes therein are mounted between adjacent convolutions at one end of the spring for being rotated by a square ended rod supported by a sucker rod in a well between all of the convolutions to the spring other end for scraping off all foreign material from between the convolutions. The spring sand filter can be cleaned for as many times as there are cleaning rings instead of making trips to the surface for unclogging.

Abstract: A pulling tool of generally elongated shape operable by hydraulic pressure to pull force-fitted elements from an anchorage, such as cups from the arms of universal joints. At the forward end there is a gripping sleeve to be located around the element, a retaining sleeve to be located about the gripping sleeve and a reaction sleeve around the retaining sleeve. Interaction of the walls of the gripping sleeve and retaining sleeve cause transverse contraction of the gripping sleeve about the element as the hydraulic pressure pulls the gripping sleeve rearwardly. An ejector pin urges the element longitudinally from the tool after the arms constituting the gripping sleeve open, which occurs due to differing radial forces applied on the gripping sleeve as it moves rearwardly. The leading edge of the reaction sleeve reacts against the anchorage from which the element is pulled.

Abstract: An optical alignment device for aligning the pulleys of a belt drive system in three planes. The device includes first and second members releasably attachable to each pulley. The first member mounts a target device having horizontal and vertical alignment markings corresponding to the centerline of the pulley. The second member mounts a viewing device having horizontal and vertical alignment markings corresponding to the centerline of the other pulley. The target is seen in the viewing device, when the horizontal and vertical markings of the viewing device and the target are superimposed, the pulleys will be in alignment in the horizontal, vertical and angular planes. A projector may be used in place of the viewing device to project a beam of light on the target in a second preferred embodiment of the invention.

Abstract: A tool box for a pickup truck which is mounted by removing a portion of the forward section of the bed and placing the box between the remainder of the bed and the cab. The tool box permits easy storage of tools and the like by access to compartments from both sides of the truck.

Abstract: A new method and tool for removing the conventional spin-on oil filter cartridge which typically is threaded onto the engine block of an internal combustion engine in proximity to other engine parts and which comprises the wrapping of the cartridge or canister with one end portion of a length of flexible material with the balance of the length coming off of the canister tangentially in the direction of unthreading the canister from the motor block; cinching of the end portion around the canister; extending the opposite end of the length tangentially away from the canister to a remote position spaced from the engine block and parts; and manually pulling on the free outer end of the length tangentially of the canister to tension the length and to apply a rotating torque to the canister and unthreading it from the motor block.

Abstract: A nailing tool and method for driving nails into structures in an environment in which limited space in line with and behind the nail prevents contacting the nail with a hammer. The tool comprises a metal bar having two mutually perpendicular slots extending axially of the bar from one end such that one of the slots extends transversely of the bar in a spaced relationship to a striking surface comprising one sidewall surface of the bar and the other slot extends perpendicularly from the one slot to a sidewall of the bar that is opposite the striking surface. A nail is supported in the tool with the head in the one slot and the shank supported in the other slot to extend forwardly of the tool perpendicular to its axis.

Abstract: A method for connecting two members to be connected comprises following steps. At first, a circumferential groove is formed on the connecting surfaces of the members to be connected. Secondly, axial recesses are formed on the inner surface of the groove. Thirdly, a connecting member is placed between the members to be connected. The connecting member is made of a material which has a smaller resistance against deformation than the members to be connected has and which has a required mechanical strength. Lastly, the connecting member is pressed and plastically deformed, resulting in that the connecting member flows into the groove and the recesses.

Abstract: Electrical connection is made to circuits in a silicon die from its bottom surface through vacuum deposited contacts formed around one of its edges.

Abstract: A circular wave guide for transmitting the TE.sub.11 mode of propagation is manufactured such that it is suitable for winding on a drum. During manufacture, a flexible thin-walled conductive tube is reinforced by an outer protective covering of plastic material and by an inner reinforcing member also of plastic material. The inner reinforcing member may be of tubular cross-section as shown, or may have some other cross-section, e.g. cruciform. The inner reinforcing member may be made of a material which shrinks on heating so that it can be removed once the wave guide has been unwound from the drum employed during transport. The conductor tube may be periodically intended to improve its flexibility.

Abstract: A method of forming a magnetic ferrite element for the core of a magnetic transducing head is disclosed in which spacers for determining the length of a non-magnetic gap are formed by providing a masking layer at locations on a surface of the element at which the spacers are required and eroding away the masking layer and the unmasked portions of the surface by an ion beam to produce a new surface having a spacer projecting at each of the locations by a distance determined by the relative rates of erosion of the ferrite and the masking material and by the predetermined thickness of the masking layer.

Abstract: A multilayer printed circuit board having a pad pattern formed on each of the layers. When the board is assembled, the layers are releasably secured together. The pads on each layer are aligned and make electrical contact with the pads on adjacent layers to provide interlayer electrical connections.

Abstract: In connecting flat multiconductor cables, one cable is placed atop another to provide a matrix of zones in which connections may be made of any conductor of one cable to any conductor of the other cable. Selection is made of one zone and it is perforated. An insulating-piercing connector is inserted through the perforation and crimped to provide an electrical connection between the pair of cable conductors in registry with the selected zone. Selection of further zones for perforation and connector insertion is made progressively from those zones which do not have in registry therewith any conductor which was in registry with any previously selected zone. Apparatus for implementing preferred connection zone selection precludes use of connecting zones other than a singular zone for connection of one conductor pair and compels use of a selective few zones individually for connection of respective other conductor pairs, thereby lessening connection error likelihood.

Abstract: A method of connecting electric cables includes providing perforations in overlapping portions of the cables and then connecting the cables through the perforations. The cables may be preperforated or they may be perforated at the job site.

Abstract: An improved tool is disclosed for use in cleaving fiber optic elements preparatory to a splice for joining of two such fiber optic elements. The improved tool comprises support means having a longitudinal axis for supporting the fiber optic element therealong, grooving means for forming a groove in the surface of the fiber optic element, engagement causing means for causing engagement of the grooving means with the fiber optic element, and mounting means for mounting the grooving means to revolve about the longitudinal axis of the support means to circumferentially groove a fiber optic element about its entire circumference. The engagement causing means is movable between a first position in which the grooving means is adapted to engage the fiber optic element and a second position in which the grooving means is adapted to be spaced from the fiber optic element. Also, the engagement causing means is normally biased towards the first position.

Abstract: According to the disclosure there is provided a continuously sharp erasing knife by a thin, hardened steel strip honed along at least one edge being given a special form with the aid of a dispenser, allowing the honed edge to be applied to a substructure for erasure in an effective cutting or scraping attitude. The strip is provided with weak zones and can be successively advanced from the dispenser so that end pieces which have become blunt can be broken off. At the same time, the dispenser forms a storage container for these broken-off pieces.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a hair clipper including a housing, a motor located in the housing and including a shaft having a drive member thereon, and a blade set connected to the housing. The blade set includes a lower blade connected to the housing, and a movable blade assembly including a thin planar movable upper blade member and a shoe member including a planar body having a groove formed in its upper surface, a notch therein, and laterally spaced wall portions on opposite sides of the notch and extending upwardly from the upper surface. The movable blade assembly also includes a yoke member secured between the upper surface of the movable blade member and the shoe member, the yoke member including first and second laterally spaced walls extending upwardly through the notch and being engaged by the drive member to cause reciprocating movement of the movable blade assembly relative to the fixed blade.

Abstract: A bolt cutter wherein there are removably replaceable cutter blades supported in cutting relation by pivotally connected jaws and wherein the jaws are structured to transmit the force couple for cutting to the blades at opposite ends and at opposite sides. Pivotal movement of the jaws relative to each other is effected by a cam roll and cam groove interengaged by the lever handles connected to the jaws. The cam groove is structured to enable changing its contour to thereby change the mechanical advantage.

Abstract: The nibbler apparatus comprises a quickly changeable rotating cutter having a modified sinusoidal groove of a predetermined width and depth. The rotating cutter is mounted in a die with the modified sinusoidal groove largely enclosed within the die. The modified sinusoidal grooved cutter picks up the material to be cut, carrying it upward into the die opening and there the material is sheared. Flat material can be cut in any direction and the direction of the material being fed into the cutter can be changed at any time.

Abstract: A means is described for restraining axial movement of an output shaft of a prime mover which protects the prime mover from undesired axial impact loads applied thereto. The protective means comprises a first body mounted to a rotating output shaft for motion in an axial direction upon the application of a thrust force to the body and a second body which is stationary relative to the output shaft. Means bias the bodies apart and enables mutual engagement therebetween which restricts movement between the bodies in an axial direction when an impact force is applied to the first body.

Abstract: A grass cutting apparatus including a belt-shaped cutter of the rectangular shape in cross section having a small thickness and pointed edges at its opposed short sides, the belt-shaped cutter being formed of a macromolecular compound and wound on a reel loosely fitted on a hub of a rotary casing.

Abstract: A cutting tool for cutting soft ductile materials such as came (a lead or lead alloy extrusion used for leaded glass) without distortion. A thin steel blade is rapidly accelerated by impulse to cut the same. The blade is accelerated either by an electrical solenoid, a hammer, or other suitable means.

Abstract: A hand held portable pruning tool having a housing enclosing a motor one or more batteries and a saw blade. The saw blade is rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the housing. The blade is normally protected by a telescoping guard element having a forwardly extending notch for receiving a stem or limb to be cut. The telescoping guard element retracts into the housing in response to pressure exerted on the guard element in the direction of the stem thus bring the stem into contact with the blade and also energizing the motor.

Abstract: An ocean bottom surveying system comprising a recording mechanism mounted on the ocean floor. A stadia moved about the recording mechanism is connected thereto. Thus, by moving the stadia to various locations in the vicinity of the recording mechanism, a series of values indicating train and elevation relationships are obtained by the recording mechanism. The recorded data is later fed to a read-out system which plots a record showing bottom elevations at various points about the ocean bottom.

Abstract: A rifle scope mount system includes a base having forward and rear mounting blocks attachable to a rifle barrel. Forward and rear scope clamp rings are attachable to a telescope engagable with the forward and rear mounting blocks, respectively, to mount the telescope to the gun. The forward mounting block has a female dovetail recess for rotatably receiving a male dovetail stud extending from the forward clamp ring. The rear mounting block has a flat upper surface. The rear clamp ring has a flat lower surface which is coplanar with the flat upper surface when the male dovetail stud and the female dovetail recess are mated. A first windage screw is threaded into a first hole in a first side of the rear mounting block so that its head extends above the flat upper surface and engages one side of the rear clamp ring. A second windage screw is threaded into a second hole on the opposite side of the rear mounting block. The head of the second windage screw has a flat surface.

Abstract: This installation for drying, by controlled evaporation, humidified and agglomerated caster sugar comprises an oven with a plurality of sections. Conveying means are provided for passing the products to be dried successively through these sections, between the entrance and exit of the oven. Means are provided for extracting the air, said means being connected to the median part of the oven, in order permanently to suck in the ambient air through the entrance and exit of the oven, which are left free. In each section of the oven means are also provided for producing an auxiliary air stream oriented perpendicularly to the direction of displacement of the products to be dried.

Abstract: A solar drying apparatus for removing the moisture from granular materials, sludge, or the like which utilizes the sun's rays and convection air currents includes an angled surface for retaining a layer of the material to be dried and a transparent cover disposed above the surface for permitting convection air currents to flow therebetween. A raking device disposed between the surface and the transparent cover causes displacement of the drying material thereby causing it to move slowly down the angled or inclined surface. A feed mechanism is disposed at the upper edge of the angled surface to insure a continuous flow of raw material and a removing device is disposed proximate the lower edge of the angled surface to continuously remove the dried material from the drying apparatus.

Abstract: A premixed basic color media set is disclosed, the basic set including coloring media varying through a spectral range of selected hues, which can be grouped to create palettes of tonally related source colors for use in rendering color compositions by artists. The palettes so created vary through a spectral range of tonal influences. The basic set of coloring media is based on the derivation of a limited number of colors, including a selected group of primary colors, here disclosed as the artist's red, yellow and blue, and those essentially different colors resulting from illumination or toning of these primary colors through a spectral color range of illumination. Physical arrangements of coloring materials and associated color charts are provided to facilitate use of the premixed coloring materials when grouped into tonal palettes.

Abstract: A heat insulating insert for a footwear which comprises a base sheet having a shape conforming with that of the sole of an average human foot and a toe cover at the toe portion of the base sheet for embracing the toe of the human foot. Porous bags containing exothermic agent therein are provided on the inner surface of the top of the toe cover and the toe portion of the base sheet in opposing and spaced relationship to the exothermic agent bag on the inner surface of the top of the toe cover and also in a portion of the base sheet corresponding to the plantar arch of the human foot. The exothermic agent performs exothermic reaction with the open air.

Abstract: A machine for stiffening and forming a selected area of flexible sheet material, for instance an end portion of a shoe upper, comprises work support mechanism including a universal female preformer having work-accommodating dihedral surfaces, an applicator for depositing on a portion of the selected area a predetermined volume of molten resin substantially in proportion to that area, and a presser complemental to the cavity defined by said surfaces and relatively movable into and out of cooperative work-pressing relation with respect to the work support to spread the molten resin and impart appropriate thickness gradient thereto throughout the selected area whereby, upon cooling, it is formed three-dimensionally and stiffened a desired degree in different portions.

Abstract: A heel protector usable by both men and women comprising a cover means having a generally hourglass-shaped perimeter and adapted to shroud the back and bottom surfaces of the heel, and including two leaf members, each leaf member having a wide end, a narrow end and tapering peripheral margins extending therebetween. The heel protector includes a pocket formed by the attachment of the narrow ends, which serves to cradle the rear-most leading edge of the heel of the wearer. The heel protector is held securely in place by an elastic means adapted to extend around the instep of the wearer, which comprises a generally X-shaped web member connecting the peripheral margins of the leaf members so that the leaf members are drawn toward each other and into snug contact with the back and bottom surfaces of the heel when the heel protector is placed over the heel and instep of the wearer.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted snowplow having a scoop with a large intake opening for receiving snow and air, which scoop tapers to a narrow throat connected to an outlet means whereby the speed of the air through the scoop is increased as the scoop narrows so that the air carries the scooped snow through the outlet means and discharges it from the outlet means at a high velocity.

Abstract: A variable wing plow blade and mounting structure for attaching the plow blade to a tractor, snow grooming vehicle, and the like feature distribution of the load on the blade over a relatively wide area of the supporting structural members thereby to permit reduction in their size, weight and number and in their manufacturing and assembling costs while maintaining the essential structural strength, and are further characterized in the attainment of improved performance and utility in respect of independence of the plow blade height and pitch or roll, tilt and wing blade adjustments, and greater freedom of movement of the wing blades of the plow blade, both forwardly and rearwardly, from a position of alignment with the center section of the plow blade.

Abstract: A steerable ocean floor dredge vehicle is provided which is of the towed variety, or partially self-propelled. The vehicle is towed from a surface ship via a rigid length of pipe or tubing, connected to the dredge vehicle via a pivoting joint permitting pivotal movement about two transverse axes and preferably about a third axis, and a telescoping joint for providing movement along the direction of the axis of the towing line. Pivoting means connect from the sides of the dredge vehicle to the towing pipe at a point between the telescopic joint and the surface. The pivoting means comprise two flexible cables extending about rollers on the dredge vehicle, or hydraulic piston and cylinder combinations.

Abstract: A track working machine for distributing and shaping the ballast of a railroad bed comprises a ballast plow arrangement vertically adjustably mounted on a machine frame and including a generally V-shaped plow including a pair of plow blades and a ballast guide plate associated with each plow blade, the ballast guide plate bing adjustable in relation to the associated plow blade and a respective plow blade being associated with each track rail and bridging over the associated track rail. One drive vertically adjusts the ballast plow arrangement in relation to the frame and an additional drive mechanism vertically adjusts the ballast guide plates in relation to the plow blades.

Abstract: PCT No. PCT/US79/00133 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 5, 1979 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 5, 1979, PCT Filed Mar. 5, 1979 PCT Pub. No. WO 80/01927 PCT Pub. Date Sept. 18, 1980A router bit assembly (18,22) for the sides (20,24) of the bowl (10) of an earthmoving machine (12). The router bit assembly is of two-piece construction and includes a router bit (42) and a holder (26) which, when secured to the vertical side walls (20,24) of the bowl (10), captures the bit (42) between the holder (26) and the vertical side wall (24). The rear edge (56) of the bit (42) is held against the leading edge (58) of the corner (25) of the vertical side wall (24) by the holder (26). The two-piece router bit assembly advantageously reduces the amount of metal that is discarded when the life of the bit is expended.

Abstract: A fine grader for fine grading the surface of the subgrade on which fresh concrete is to be poured to form a uniformly level surface for receiving freshly poured concrete is formed by coupling together a fine grader attachment with a vibratory screed. The screed includes first and second ends and first and second end brackets which are coupled to the first and second ends of the screed frame. A winch is coupled to each end bracket for translating the screed along the length of the side forms. The fine grader attachment for the screed includes a fine grader blade, a series of brackets coupled to the screed frame and to the fine grader blade for maintaining the blade in a grading position below and in front of the screed.