Abstract: A method and apparatus for inserting filled bag-like containers into despatch or display boxes, cartons or the like, comprising the steps of feeding the containers to a conveying system which has a plurality of compartments for receiving the containers, each compartment extending transversely to the conveying direction conveying the containers to an ejector station, ejecting a preselected number of containers at the ejector station from said compartments to a buffer store where initially the containers are loosely arranged, subsequently pressing the containers in the buffer store closely against each other, moving the tightly packed containers into a position directly in front of the opening of a carton to be filled and loading the tightly packed containers into the opened carton.

Abstract: There is described a label-packing device comprising a slit provided in the label-traversing path downstream of a separating device for feeding the packing material underneath the label column, a separating member comprised of a retaining element for the labels upstream of the separating device and a spacing element to push the label downstream to form a space between the labels and to uncover the packing material in the space thus formed, a member for inserting a U-shaped inset element through said traversing path, said inset element having two side cheeks equally spaced from the formed space and folding the packing material back upwards.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for loading containers with articles, such as post parcels, includes the use of a carrier device which is lowered into a container by suitable hoisting means at a rate dependent upon the number of articles deposited on the carrier device. The carrier device is positioned within the upper portion of a container in which articles are to be stored, and a conveyor belt delivers articles onto a pivotal flap member of the carrier device. Once the articles reach a certain height on the flap member, photocells signal the hoisting means to lower the carrier device further into the container, and this process continues until the carrier device is near the bottom of the container. Once the carrier device reaches its lowermost position, the pivotal flap member swings downwardly to release the accumulated articles into the container. The carrier device is then withdrawn from the filled container, and the container may then be removed.

Abstract: An apparatus for feeding an elongate continuous web of bags, which are provided with a feed member through which the bags may be filled, to a filling machine is disclosed. The apparatus has a conveyor, guide means mounted above the conveyor arranged to guide the movement of each of the feed members, sensing means for sensing the presence of the feed member and gripping means responsive to the sensing means for holding each feed member.

Abstract: An apparatus for binding paper sheets, characterized in that a pair of confronting gripping plates are disposed above a paper sheet supporting plate, a groove for a tape and a groove for a tape application lever are formed on the inner faces of the gripping plates, respectively, paper sheets gripped by both the gripping plates are moved toward the side of the tape application lever to bend a binding tape inserted in the tape groove of the gripping plate in the direction of the thickness of the paper sheets, the binding tape is pressed by the tape application lever to insert the binding tape into the groove for application lever to surround the paper sheets, and the surrounding end of the tape is bonded to the other side of the tape to effect binding of the paper sheets.

Abstract: Goods to be packed are continuously collected in units of goods. Parallelly therewith plain package blanks are preformed to package containers, which are completely open at least at one vertical side. The units of goods and the open package containers are moved in a continuous feeding movement side by side with the same speed, and with the open container side facing the unit of goods. During the feeding movement a unit of goods is pushed sideways into a package container. The open container side or sides are closed and sealed, and the package is moved away from the packaging station. The front side and the rear side of the preformed package container as considered in the feeding direction are widened in relation to each other before the units of goods are pushed into the containers to facilitate the pushing in of the units of goods into the package containers.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for opening plastic bags and retaining same in open position during the operation of automatic packaging machines. It comprises a hopper, funnel or the like, a source for an air jet which blows air into the opened bag through an air nozzle, a stack of bags stored vertically and below the product supply and a hoop of semicircular cross-section made of wire, strip of metal or plastic adapted to engage said opened bag and being rotatably mounted in a supporting mechanism adjacent to the supply of said bag.

Abstract: An improved powered lawn care implement which can accomplish both reducing of debris and removal of lawn thatch. The implement includes a generally horizontally mounted elongated processing element which carries a plurality of generally radially extending resilient filaments. The implement can be made so that the height of the processing element above the ground surface which is to be worked by the implement can be varied. Free ends of the filaments can thereby be made to engage either debris at the lawn surface or dead vegetative matter located near the base of grass filaments growing in a lawn.

Abstract: A road grader of the type including a tiltable and vertically adjustable frame is utilized to dependingly support a heavy duty multibladed horizontal rotary cutter head. The frame supports a prime mover drivingly connected to the rotary cutter head and the latter includes a horizontal disc from which elongated blades are supported. The elongated blades include base and free ends and the base ends of the blades are pivotally attached to spaced peripheral portions of the disc for oscillation relative thereto about upstanding axes. The rotary cutter head is disposed between the front steerable and rear driving wheels of the road grader and the blade frame of the grader is provided with a rearwardly opening semi-truncated cone-shaped shield within whose lower periphery the forward outer marginal portion of the disc is received and beneath whose lower periphery the free ends of the blades carried by the forward half of the rotary disc project.

Abstract: Corn detasseling apparatus and method are disclosed whereby tassels are quickly and cleanly separated from corn plants while preventing damage to the leaves and the remainder of the stalk. The apparatus includes a detasseling head having two opposed rollers with alternating ridges and grooves which extend longitudinally with respect to the rotational axis of the rollers. The ridges and grooves of each roller intermesh with those of the opposing roller to form a wavy nip, and during rotation of the rollers, the tassels are securely grasped by the nip and pulled off the plants. In addition, the ridged rollers function as impellers which create forceful air currents that flow downward and blow the leaves of the plants away from the nip. Accordingly, the tassels are removed from the plant without any rough handling or damaging of the leaves, and with minimal cutting or shredding of the tassels to form objectionable trash.

Abstract: A molded plastic grass catcher for a lawn mower or the like. The catcher is formed from a two piece construction so that it may be shipped in a compact, knocked-down condition but easily assembled by the ultimate user. The housing is configured with a pair of air outlets that are disposed out of the path of discharge from the mower discharge chute so as to permit the free exit of air while at the same time precluding the discharge of grass. In some embodiments of the invention, a baffle is also positioned between the inlet and outlet so as to further add in the grass separation without restricting the air flow.

Abstract: A clipping apparatus for bushes and grass intended to be attached to a tractor or like vehicle and comprising two rotatable blades having cutting edges. The blades are operative to produce a clipping action in co-operation with an underlying toothed means. One of the blades, when seen in the direction of movement of the apparatus, is mounted somewhat behind the other blade, and the blades are located on mutually different levels. The distance between the centers of rotation of the blades is greater than the radius of the circle defined by the tips of the cutting edges but shorter than the diameter of said circle. The blades are arranged to rotate in the same direction.

Abstract: A mechanical grape harvester for trellis-supported grape vines having relatively rigid shaker members for engaging and shaking the rigid trunk structure of the vine and having relatively flexible striker rods for striking against the limber portions of the vine growth trained along the trellis wire. The shaker members and striker rods are both operated at minimal speeds to reduce leaf removal and plant damage.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for making loop chenille type yarns and yarns produced thereby are disclosed. An elongated spindle having a tapered needle surface at one end thereof is provided. The spindle has a passage therein in communication with the needle surface for feeding a core thread to the needle surface. Effect thread is overfed to the needle location where a nose piece member cooperating with the needle aids in wrapping the effect thread about the needle to form loops. The binder yarn is fed to the needle and twisted about the core and effect threads. In a preferred embodiment, means are provided for reciprocating the nose piece relative to the needle between effect thread loop forming and effect thread non-loop forming dispositions. In this manner, "thick" and "thin" novelty yarns are provided in which the thick sections of the yarn comprise looped effect threads whereas the loops are not provided in the thin yarn sections.

Abstract: A flexible thread consisting of filaments held together by twisting, which thread is made of a polymer base material wherein all of the individual filaments of the thread are encased in a synthetic resin and embedded therein so that adjacent filaments are intimately bonded to one another, the synthetic resin being in partially cured state, chemically stable at room temperature, the resin being fully curable by heating; the thread can, therefore, be woven into a mesh before final curing to harden the thread.

Abstract: In a gas turbine engine, a duct is constructed extending axially and communicating directly, through a transverse opening, with the engine plenum. The plenum extends upward into the engine nacelle and connects with the inlet to the compressor of the gas turbine engine. A portion of the air entering the duct is drawn into the plenum. The remainder is exhausted out of the rear portion of the duct. To create inertial separation, a door is mounted on a lever arm which may be rotated between two positions. In one position the door partially closes the entrance to the plenum causing the airflow to turn through a greater angle in order to enter the plenum. The turning motion of the airflow divides the particles of heavier mass to the outside of the turn. These particles will be exhausted from the rearward exit of the duct. In a second position the door closes the rear portion of the duct so that the entire volume of air entering the duct is supplied to the engine plenum.

Abstract: Combined gas-steam power plant, including a device for carrying out a gasification reaction at overpressure between oxygen and fuel fed to the gasification device, a heat exchanger and a charged steam generator disposed down stream of the gasification device in flow direction of fuel gas generated by the gasification device, a gas turbine receiving a flue gas stream from the steam generator, an air decomposition device having a first outlet line carrying oxygen to the gasification device and a second outlet line carrying nitrogen through the heat exchanger to the gas stream between the steam generator and gas turbine.

Abstract: A device for joining the two stages 2 and 3 of a self-propelled engine comprises means for achieving the separation of the two stages 2 and 3 after the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge 12 of the rear stage 2 is completed, means for carrying out the ignition of the pyrotechnic charge 19 of the front stage 3.A rear part of the front stage 3 and a front part of the rear stage 2 are assembled together for sliding axial movement therebetween. A temporary connection breakable under the effect of the ignition of the rear stage 2 maintains a predetermined spacing e between the two stages. The front stage 3 includes means 22 and 23 for igniting, after a predetermined delay, a pyrotechnic charge 19 of the front stage 3 and the rear stage 2 includes means 29 for triggering the igniting means after said temporary connection is eliminated.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for controlling the amount of secondary air fed into an internal combustion engine. This apparatus includes means for causing a sudden change of the level of the absolute pressure signal for driving the secondary air flow control means each time the level of the output voltage of the air-fuel ratio sensor changes. Thus, the equivalent air-fuel ratio is maintained for a long time within a desired range so that the highest purifying efficiency of the three-way catalytic converter can be attained.

Abstract: An exhaust emission control system for a spark ignition internal combustion engine comprises a first pressure sensitive valve for recycling a proportion of the exhaust gases from the exhaust to the induction when the engine is warm, being inhibited when the engine is cold, valves for admitting a small amount of fresh air to the exhaust manifold, a second pressure sensitive valve for admitting fresh air to the induction manifold downstream of the carburettor when the engine is warm, being closed when the engine is cold and when the starter motor is energized, a first fuel/air mixture enrichment valve in the carburettor sensitive to induction manifold pressure and de-sensitized when the engine is cold, a second fuel/air mixture enrichment valve sensitive to induction manifold pressure and de-sensitized when the engine is hot, and a vacuum advance delay which is by-passed when the engine is warm.

Abstract: An exhaust double pipe used for interconnecting an exhaust manifold with a catalytic converter of an internal combustion engine, comprising an inner pipe and an outer pipe. The outer pipe comprises a first pipe and a second pipe. The outer end of the first pipe is welded to a flange together with one end of the inner pipe. The outer end of the second pipe is welded to another flange together with the other end of the inner pipe. The inner end of the first pipe is directly fitted into the inner end of the second pipe, or is indirectly connected to the inner end of the second pipe via a spacer so as to be able to slide relative to the second pipe.

Abstract: An idling speed adjusting mechanism for injection pumps in which a pivotal connection for raising the idling rotational speed is adjustable against a spring force by way of an adjusting mechanism arranged externally at the pump housing and adjustable against the spring force. The adjusting mechanism includes an adjusting motor formed in particular by an expansion element which is extensible with a temperature increase in the spring prestress direction. The adjusting motor is connected with the pivotal spring connection by way of an intermediate member displaceable between abutments fixed at the housing. The intermediate member, in turn, is spring-loaded with a temperature increase opposite the extension direction of the adjusting piston of the adjusting motor.

Abstract: In an apparatus wherein part of the compressed air from the compressor of a turbocharger is used as control air and is made to act on a diaphragm so as to control an exhaust gas relief valve, thereby controlling the amount of exhaust gas to be charged into the turbine of a turbocharger. The present invention discharges into the exhaust gas the control air which acts on the diaphragm.

Abstract: An arrangement for supercharging an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine wherein a turbo-charger incorporating a turbine driven by the exhaust gases from the engine is coupled to and drives a compressor which provides charging air for the engine at the desired pressure. A portion of the exhaust gases is recirculated through the engine by introducing it into the charging air in a part of the compressor at a point following the rotor blading which is at a lower pressure than the exhaust gases thus avoiding any deleterious corrosion effect upon the blading. The amount of the exhaust gases being so recirculated is controlled either by an open or closed type of control circuit.

Abstract: A plant for the production of thermal energy by using solar heat comprising in combination a solar header fed with a refrigerating flluid, a condenser arranged within an user element, a series of ducts connecting the header to the condenser to form a natural circulation circuit, a second circuit inserted into the first one which allows to attain the heat pump cycle and apparatus for selectively and automatically switching over the plant from the one to the other circuit in dependence on both the outer temperature and temperature of the header, said heat pump circuit comprising a compressor, inserted between the header and condenser and a capillary choke valve arranged within a return duct extending from the condenser to the header.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing selective fluid communication between a helium transporter and an electric machine with superconductive exciter windings includes a coupling of the transporter which is mated to an undriven end of the shaft of the electric machine. Passages in the coupling and shaft supply liquid helium to the winding and return warmed liquid helium to the transporter. Quick interchangeability of the transporter is facilitated by a bayonet fitting and a spring biased sealing arrangement between corresponding passages in the coupling and shaft. A pressure actuated valve in the passages is provided to interrupt fluid communication when the pressure of the liquid helium falls below a predetermined value. A centrifugal force actuated valve in the passages is provided to interrupt fluid communication when the shaft speed falls below a predetermined value.

Abstract: A pile of scrap turnings can undergo exothermic reactions, especially when wet. To reduce the temperature of the pile, an inert gas, preferably nitrogen, is introduced into the pile. This technique is particularly useful for a pile of turnings in a ship's hold. This technique can be used either alone, or in conjunction with introduction of nitrogen into the turnings as they are loaded into the ship's hold.

Abstract: Heat transfer systems utilizing the standard vapor/compression refrigeration cycle with commonly available refrigerant fluids are disclosed. The embodiments disclosed provide switching means for selective use of the equipment for cooling or for heating in preferred form. In some embodiments, only the heating or only the cooling capability of a system is utilized. Common to the embodiments is a system for pressurizing the refrigerant fluid utilizing a heat source such as a solar collector, waste heat from a generator, automobile engine or other power plant, or even a small gas or electrical heater or the like. Equipment including a venturi device for drawing refrigerant at low pressure through an evaporator for cooling purposes and for extraction of heat from the atmosphere for heating purposes is also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus for use with refrigerators, particularly of the walk-in cooler type, wherein, when available, low temperature atmospheric air is drawn into the cooler for cooling purposes, rather than utilizing the usual compressor type refrigeration system. The apparatus is mounted within the space to be cooled and utilizes temperature sensing means for automatic operation, and in an embodiment, employs an electric storage battery which would permit extended operation in the event of a power failure.

Abstract: Apparatus for utilizing waste water from a refrigeration system to cool the motor-compressor and associated coil of condenser tubing in that system. The apparatus features a motor-compressor around which is wrapped the condenser coil. The motor-compressor and condenser coil are contained within a water tank to which is directed waste water that has been collected from the meltdown of an ice making cycle or the condensate from a refrigerant evaporator. In applications where waste water production is insufficient a valve controlled supply of fresh water can be substituted therefor or used in conjunction with the waste water to effect cooling of both the compressor and condenser coils. Use of the waste water in this manner obviates the need for fans and associated motors to provide air-cooling of the condenser and for possible oil cooling of the motor-compressor.

Abstract: A conventional Reynolds-type ice maker evaporator assembly such as is used in a drink dispensing machine is modified to accommodate a novel form of seal assembly for prevention of water seepage into the transmission or gear box, to allow conventional ball bearings to be replaced with roller bearings and to accommodate a unique grease fitting arrangement so that both the upper and lower ends of the auger may be lubricated.

Abstract: A refrigerator having a humidity controlled pan assembly which includes a storage pan having an open top and a stationary cover inside the refrigerator for receiving the pan. A cover panel within the stationary cover is movable back and forth along the top of the pan by a movable control mechanism and linkage between the control mechanism and the cover panel that moves the cover panel back and forth along the top of the pan in response to movement of the control mechanism. With this arrangement, the user of the refrigerator may move the control mechanism to increase or decrease the amount of ventilation and, thus, control the humidity inside the pan.

Abstract: The invention consists of disposable temperature changing devices which can be stored for unlimited periods without losing their temperature changing potential. Water boiling in an air-evacuated chamber serves as the working liquid. A dessicant in a separate container communicates with the vapor phase of the water, and removes the vapor generated by the boiling water. Unlimited storage of the temperature changing potential of the invention is obtained by the closing of the communication between the containers.

Abstract: A heat pump including a circuit for a fluid refrigerant, comprising a compressor V, a condenser 11, an expansion valve 13, an evaporator 14, and an injector pump 15 having a mixing chamber and diffuser in which the driving fluid for the pump is mixed with the refrigerant from the evaporator before returning to the compressor. This pressurized driving fluid is tapped off from the refrigerant circuit down the stream of the condenser and is passed through a heat exchanger 23 where it is fully evaporated. The heat input to this heat exchanger being obtained from the main refrigerant flow between the condenser and expansion valve.

Abstract: A yarn take-up mechanism for a knitting machine, especially a flat V-bed knitting machine comprises a yarn take-up arm pivotally mounted at one end on a stanchion and urged by a spring to pivot so that its other end moves away from the stanchion. Said other end of the arm carries a movable yarn guide and the yarn path in the take-up mechanism is from a fixed yarn guide on the stanchion through the movable yarn guide and back to the other fixed guide on the stanchion, the fixed guides being close together and adjacent the location of the movable guide when it is in the position closest to the stanchion. The end of the take-up arm carrying the movable yarn guide is flexible whereas the remainder of the arm is stiff.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for separating hosiery produced on a circular knitting machine. The hosiery is knitted as a continuous tubular fabric with a weakened portion being formed between articles to be separated. The separating apparatus includes a frame mounted below the knitting machine, a gripping and separating arm pivotally mounted on the frame, and a fixed clamping arm mounted on the frame below the gripping and separating arm. The gripping arm and the clamping arm each include a pair of jaws which are intermittently actuated to engage the tubular fabric adjacent the weakened portion of the articles. The gripping arm is pivoted to exert an arcuate pulling force upwardly away from the clamping arm to cause the articles to be separated along their weakened portions. The separation action is arranged so as to prevent stretching of the fabric coming from the knitting machine. A fabric guide and a pneumatic transport for the separator are also disclosed.

Abstract: A suspension system for a washing machine including a tub assembly having an outer stationary tub and an inner clothes receiving tub mounted for rotation on a central shaft extending downwardly through the lower wall of the stationary tub, comprises a first support cup defined in the base of the washing machine, support legs spaced about the periphery of and attached at first ends to the outer tub and at opposite ends to a second support cup shaped complementarily to the first cup. In a preferred embodiment, the shape of the support cups is a truncated hemisphere. The second support cup is received in the first cup to support the tub assembly on the base. A plurality of spring members are provided about the periphery of the outer tub, extending between the last mentioned tub and base to aid in stabilizing the tub assembly.

Abstract: The plug of a cylindrical lock includes at each side of its key channel a blind boring communicating with a conical recess in an arresting plate secured to the housing of the lock. The blind boring intersects cylindrical rotary control members arranged for rotation in the plug and each having a diametrical passage coinciding in one angular position thereof with the blind boring. A series of arresting balls is arranged in the blind boring and in respective passages in such a manner as to resume in the aligned position of the members a blocking position in which the terminal ball is in engagement with the conical recess. During the rotation of the plug by a correct key the arresting balls are shifted by the inclined surfaces of the conical recess into the blind boring and the plug is free to rotate. By the insertion of a wrong key at least one passage is misaligned and consequently the terminal arresting ball cannot be removed from its arresting recess.

Abstract: According to the invention, both sides of a sheet metal billet are worked with solid hard spherical microbodies prior to each reverse rolling operation. Microbodies are fed by means of a gas jet and have a diameter of 40 to 200 microns. They are of a material selected from the group consisting of glass, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, chrome-nickel alloys, and ice. The rolling produces a mirror or dull finish, an effect normally attained by etching, grinding or polishing.

Abstract: A process for producing thermoformed articles from thin-walled blanks composed of aluminum or magnesium alloys, the present invention particularly provides for forming a layer of alumina or magnesia on the surfaces of the respective aluminum or magnesium blank. The alumina or magnesia layers so formed are artificially formed in order to obtain desired thicknesses, the regular layers allowing ready removal of the articles from thermoforming molds. The present process is particularly intended for the production of thin-wall packaging members and motor vehicle components.

Abstract: Two pairs of dies are arranged adjacent each other so that each pair can clamp onto a metal sheet between them. One pair is situated slightly below, or stepped down from, the other pair. One pair of dies clamps onto the sheet, and then the other pair is clamped onto it to bend the sheet so that a step is formed in the sheet between the two pairs of dies, corresponding to the step down from one pair of dies to the other.

Abstract: Rolled stock from two parallel rolling mills is transferred to two adjacent cooling beds by apparatus which permits the stock from both mills to be fed to one bed or the stock from each mill to be fed to a respective one of the beds. The apparatus has a relatively short pivotable track portion upstream of a deviator portion. The deviator portion has one stock entrance and two stock exits, and the position of the pivotable track portion decides by which exit the stock leaves. A pivotable roller table downstream of the deviator portion can be positioned so as to receive the stock leaving the deviator portion and to guide the stock to the appropriate cooling bed.

Abstract: A device for the ejection of a shaped part at the male die on a cross-feed press for non-cutting metal shaping is equipped with an ejector which is controlled by the crank-pin of a crankshaft via a connecting link, a cam disc and a roller arm. The cam contour P of the cam disc has an arc K concentric to the rocker shaft and joined to a straight section G and a runout section L. The cam disc has a displaceable cam shoe the outer edge of which is located in the plane of the straight section G and which extends or shortens the straight section G when shifted. This ensures that the standstill condition of the ejector with respect to the female die, required for holding the shaped part, may be retained even when adjustments are made to the length of the stroke of the ejector at the male die at the cam disc.

Abstract: A method of producing trimming dies with a conical many-sided bore for use in a screw trimming press. A trimming die blank is produced with an outer diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of a cup-shaped holder and to a finished height and with a cylindrical inner bore. The many-sided bore is produced by cold deformation of the inner diameter by means of a many-sided punch introduced to a limited extent into the inner bore while preserving the outer diameter. Apparatus for carrying out the method includes a holder for the trimming die blank. A spacer ring located below the blank and resting on the base of the holder in use, a guide sleeve and a many-sided punch guidable by said guide sleeve and having a length exceeding that of the guide sleeve by an amount corresponding to a predetermined insertion depth of the punch in the blank. The base of the holder has an ejector bush with an ejector mandrel.

Abstract: The invention concerns metal cages for set screw--cage systems intended to be mounted on a metal sheet accessible from only one of its faces. According to one aspect of the invention, the sidewalls 4 of the cage 3 of such a system are provided with an annular rib 16 projecting radially outwards, the external diameter of cage 3 at the rib 16 being slightly greater than the diameter of the hole 12 in which the cage is engaged, owing to which the cage is axially locked on the metal sheet. Dies are provided for the shaping of cage members. The invention finds application particularly in the fitting out of the bodies of vehicles.

Abstract: A fastening system for setting stump type swage fasteners providing high fastener clamping force and low application loads and low removal loads of the associated tool; the associated tool anvil, comprising self releasing anvil segments, has a swage surface providing desired material flow to enhance fastener clamping force and also has relief grooves which inhibit galling and result in `witness` lines providing a visual indication of proper setting of the fastener.

Abstract: A drawing-in dog for a wire drawing machine has gripping surfaces formed on two opposed wedge members. Both wedge members are slideably mounted in a housing which tapers towards the aperture through which the wire is to be inserted. One wedge member is coupled by a toggle link to a lever pivoted on the housing, whereby the wedge member may be moved between a released position and a position where it is urged by the lever and toggle link into positive gripping engagement with the wire. The other wedge member is freely slideable so as to enable the dog to accommodate wire of a range of diameters.

Abstract: The invention provides a press action machine having a body which supports an operative element and means mounting the operative element for simple linear reciprocatory movement, the body itself being in the form of a curvilinear loop such as a circle or ellipse, and the arrangement of the operative element being such that the direction of its linear reciprocatory motion is parallel with a diameter of the body.Since there may be more than one operative element, the arrangement is preferably such that the reaction to the vector addition of the operative forces is substantially on a diameter of the body.Arrangements are described in which there are reinforcing struts arranged chordally of the body loop and in one arrangement, the body comprises a plurality of concentric loops. In another arrangement, the body comprises a series of loops secured together end-to-end.

Abstract: Clamping apparatus for transmitting a traction force to a metallic workpiece, such as an automobile body or the like, for deforming the same includes a frame including a clamping head housing portion having a cylindrical cavity formed therein, a clamping head assembly including a clamping head body having a cylindrical section and a pair of jaw portions, the cylindrical section portion of the clamping head body having a circumferentially extending groove formed therein with which is aligned the shank portion of a set screw which extends through the clamping head housing portion to fix the clamping head assembly, which is otherwise rotatable within the housing, with respect to the frame. The frame is provided with three appropriately formed areas for attaching a pulling bridle thereto for selectively applying a traction force either in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the clamping jaw portions, parallel to the plane thereof or in a direction 45.degree. to the plane thereof.

Abstract: A gas level indicator incorporates two Taguchi-type sensing elements, one of which is to receive air to be sampled and the other of which is insulated therefrom. A comparator circuit receives the outputs of the two elements, and an indicator actuated by the output of the circuit announces the result of the comparison. Preferably, both sensing elements are mounted in a single housing, and an elongated pipe and a fan or aspirator provided to form a probe for drawing air to be sampled from a remote position to the one element.