Abstract: An earring having a body including an outer ornamental face and spring means for resiliently clamping the body on the lobe of the wearer's ear. The spring is longitudinally oriented in generally parallel disposition to a elongated earring similarly configured body and is disposed in opposition to the inner surface of the body so as to in cooperation therewith form a pocket for the receipt of the wearer's ear lobe. The spring generally bridges opposed ends of the body and terminates at one end in an enlarged head to form a narrowed entrance to the pocket. The spring is preferably of helical construction in exhibiting a plurality of individual coils which enables the enlarged head portion thereof to assume a plurality of positions with respect to the inner surface of the body.

Abstract: The invention concerns a resilient coupling to be placed between two shafts, of the kind comprising elastomer blocks placed between armatures disposed in a ring and belonging to two sets connected respectively to said shafts, in combination with a centering core separated from the base of the armatures by elastomer joints.It consists essentially in locking the core rigidly to one of the shafts considered, instead of its being floating. This core, in the embodiment shown, is also locked rigidly to a part of the armatures, thus forming a star. The joints are provided between the core and horns sufficiently extended to suitably increase the angle .alpha. concerned with each joint. Other embodiments are provided in the description.

Abstract: In a homokinetic double joint for effecting wide angle bending in the drive transmission line between a drive member and a drive member, such as in the combination of an agricultural tractor and driven agricultural device, a pair of outer yokes are each connected to a double inner yoke by two cross-links. A ball trunnion on each outer yoke is held within a guide member in a centering disc secured in the double inner yoke. Each cross-link has two pair of trunnions, one pair connected into the sides of the outer yoke and the other pair connected into the sides of the double inner yoke. The spacing between the sides of the double inner yoke in which the trunnions are positioned is greater than the spacing between the sides of the outer yokes in which the trunnions are held, thereby permitting wider bending angles between the drive member and the driven member.

Abstract: In a telescopic drive shaft, torque is transmitted between an inner shaft member and an outer shaft member by ball-shaped roll bodies arranged in axially extending rows. The roll bodies are seated in axially extending grooves formed in each of the inner and outer shaft members. The rows of balls are located between transversely arranged guide rings or are held in a cage secured to a guide ring. The inner and outer surfaces of the guide ring are threaded and meshed with threads on the inner and outer shaft members. The pitch of the threads on the outer shaft member is opposite to the pitch of the threads on the inner shaft member.

Abstract: Well bore drill string shock absorber device for absorbing drill bit vibratory displacement shock, contemplating a pair of slidably, e.g. telescopingly, associated longitudinal elements, one of which is connectable to a drill string therabove and the other of which is connectable to a drill bit therebelow, such elements being interengageably interconnected for common rotation about a longitudinal, e.g. well bore, axis and for selectively limited relative reciprocal displacement longitudinally with respect to each other along such axis, and such elements together defining a shock absorber work chamber within longitudinal confinement wall portions thereof, e.g. an annular cylindrical chamber, of varying selective maximum and minimum operative longitudinal dimension and corresponding volume in dependence upon such displacement of the elements and in turn of such wall portions, and temporarily internally compressible and resilient shock absorbing means, e.g.

Abstract: In an arrangement for the continuous treatment, especially washing, of spread out liquid permeable textile material in web form, several deflection cylinders, over which the material is conducted and at which liquid on the side of the textile material facing the deflection cylinders is pushed through the textile material, are provided in pairs close together but not touching each other, with the textile material in web form passing immediately from one deflection cylinder of the pair to the other. The deflection cylinder of each pair following the other in the web travel direction is being arranged lower than the preceding deflection cylinder of the pair, so that the textile material runs substantially vertically over a short section when passing from the preceding to the following deflection cylinder of each pair.

Abstract: A security device for a boat propellor that is retained by a releasable lock to a propellor shaft has been developed and is disclosed as including cover means to prevent access to the releasable lock on the propellor shaft, and means for releasably retaining the cover means to the propellor to prevent unauthorized removal thereof.

Abstract: A lock bracket is adapted to receive the shackle of a padlock to lock a pedal crank assembly and a rear wheel of a bicycle against rotation relative to the bicycle's frame. The bracket is formed as a welded assembly of a rod, a pair of reinforcing plates, and a pair of lock-receiving plates. The rod has a pair of arms which extend in parallel planes and are interconnected by a 180 degree bend. Each of the arms is L-shaped. The arms are spaced such that they can be threaded (1) through a conventional bicycle pedal, (2) among the spokes of the bicycle's rear wheel, and (3) about a pair of bicycle frame members, whereafter the bracket can be locked in place using a conventional padlock.

Abstract: A combination lock includes an over-center mechanism for moving the fence of the lock between two alternative positions with a snap action, the over-center mechanism comprising a lever arm secured to the fence and turning about a pivot on the bolt assembly and a stressed spring connected at one end to the lever arm and at the other end to a member capable of movement between two positions in relation to the bolt assembly. In one of the two positions the line of action of the spring passes to one side of the pivot of the lever arm and in the other position it passes to the other side of the pivot, so that when the member moves from one position to the other the lever arm is biased to move the fence from one alternative position to the other.

Abstract: A knurling tool has a planar face plate with an orifice for receiving a workpiece therethrough. Slide blocks are slidably mounted in opposing planar slots in the face plate. Each slide block has a slot with a knurl bit mounted therein so that the knurl bits extend into the face plate orifice for pressing against the surface of the work piece. An adjustment screw is provided to adjust each slide block longitudinally along the slot in which it is mounted and to provide a means of forcing the knurl bit against the workpiece surface. A clamping screw is also provided to clamp each slide block in its slot. A machine mounting apparatus is also provided for attaching the tool to a machine such as a milling machine, lathe, or other such machine.

Abstract: A sheet metal workpiece is deformed by embossing or shearing over a patterned die plate, by placing the workpiece on the die plate, a slab of rubber or other elastomer on the workpiece, and passing between spaced parallel driven rollers.A characteristic of the invention is the use of load rollers adjacent and on each side of the lower roller to support a carriage which itself supports the die plate so that the resilient forces imposed by the rubber do not curve the carriage and die plate.

Abstract: The mill includes a stand on which at least three work rolls are mounted. At least two of the work rolls are secured in the roll housing chocks and provided with a drive means. The rolls rotate in opposite directions at different peripheral speeds increasing along the passline. At least one work roll is provided with a screwdown. The mill according to the invention for rolling metal strip is characterized by the axis of the middle work roll being offset with respect to the plane passing through the axes of the extreme work rolls towards the point where the metal strip being worked enters the first pair of work rolls, formed with the middle and the first extreme work rolls, as viewed in the direction of the passline, and towards the point of the metal strip emergence from the second pair of work rolls, formed with the middle work roll and the second extreme work roll.

Abstract: The ejector pin for ejecting a workpiece from a die of a stamping machine is actuated by means of a cam shaft oscillated back and forth on the machine frame through less than one revolution, a radial cam mounted on the shaft, and a motion transmitting rocker carrying a cam follower. The stroke of the ejector pin can be set by angularly shifting the position of the cam on the shaft, the angular length of the cam shaft being greater than the angular spacing of the terminal shaft positions. The portion of the cam face first engaged by the cam follower during the working stroke of the ejector pin spirals uniformly outward from the cam shaft axis to an outermost position which is reached before the cam shaft movement stops.

Abstract: An improved adapter cushion is used in a press with a die assembly having a plurality of projecting die pins. The adapter cushion includes a one-piece cylinder block in which a plurality of cylinder chambers are formed. Cylinder sleeves or liners are telescopically disposed in the cylinder chambers and are connected with the one-piece cylinder block by threaded connections. Replaceable tubular guide bushings are disposed in the end portions of the sleeves to guide relative movement between the die pins and the cylinder block. In order to provide a yieldable support for the die pins, pistons are urged toward axially outer ends of the sleeves under the influence of fluid pressure. During operation of a press, the die pins work against the fluid pressure acting on the pistons. In order to facilitate utilization of the adapter cushion with different types of dies, a cylinder sleeve can be readily removed and a cylinder plugged without disassembling the adapter cushion.

Abstract: Portable apparatus for repairing deformed yieldable structures comprising an upright guide frame for cables and cable tensioning apparatus. The upright guide frame is adaptable to be removably disposed in a suitable post hole and includes a plurality of vertically spaced, horizontally disposed supports for receiving therebetween cables, cable tensioning apparatus and the like. At the bottom of the upright guide frame is a horizontal base that seats on a supporting surface. A guide frame for cables and cable tensioning apparatus is optionally pivotally connected to the upright guide frame, pivotally connected to the base adjacent to the upright guide frame, or detachably secured to the upright guide frame. Cables and cable tensioning apparatus are selectively removably attached to guide frames for attaching cables to a deformed yieldable structure for repairing the deformity.

Abstract: An ultrasonic cross-sectional imaging apparatus comprising an ultrasonic probe, memory means and display means. The probe emits ultrasonic waves in non-interlaced fashion and receives echo data in non-interlaced fashion. The non-interlaced echo data are written into the memory means, read out therefrom in interlaced fashion and displayed by the display means as an image in interlaced fashion.

Abstract: A carrier gas is passed through a liquid-repellent porous partition tubing having channels extending through the wall of the tubing and immersed in the liquid to be tested, causing a gaseous or volatile substance to permeate through the wall and diffuse into the carrier gas in the tubing. The carrier gas flowing out from the outlet of the tubing and containing a quantity of the substance in equilibrium with the liquid phase is led to a detector connected to the outlet, whereby the concentration of the gaseous or volatile substance in the liquid can be detected continuously or intermittently with high efficiency. The tubing, which is liquid-repellent, prevents ingress of the liquid into the channels but permits the gaseous or volatile substance to diffuse into the carrier gas through a gas layer in the channels at an exceedingly high velocity, thus affording measurements with a short response time.

Abstract: An exhaust gas analyzer apparatus having a particle filter between its input and the analyzer. The separator includes a heat exchanger coil coupled to a condenser, an electrostatic separator coupled to the condenser, a source of fluid pressure and a filter medium. A valve is provided between the electrostatic separator and the source of fluid pressure so that the electrostatic separator may be scrubbed periodically. The filter medium is interposed between the valve and the analyzer. A source of power is provided. The electrostatic separator includes an ionizing device for charging the gas exhaust particles and two alternating sets of collector electrode plates having differing electric potential collecting the charged particles to enable generally particle free gas to be discharged to the analyzer. One set of electrode plates are connected to the ionizing device and the other set is grounded. The filter medium serves as a secondary filter so as to assure particle free dry gas is delivered to the analyzer.

Abstract: A method and analysis system for the continuous on-stream chromatographic analysis of beverages such as beer. Also disclosed are novel bypass filter devices that are especially suitable for use in the analysis system.

Abstract: There is disclosed apparatus for sensing cyclically varying pressure in a pipe, particularly but not exclusively for sensing pressure in fuel lines. The apparatus depends on resilient elements which bend symmetrically on pressure change, and transducers producing equal and opposite signals depending on the bending strain. In the first form of apparatus, a ring surrounds the pipe and bears upon it through screws at four spaced points. The ring is on two portions, to be assembled around the pipe. When so assembled, the ring portions bend as beams when the pipe dilates. Symmetrical piezoelectric crystals detect this bending. The second form of apparatus described comprises a pair of similar sensing members in the form of blocks each shaped to embrace a pipe over an arc and to make line contact with the pipe at two spaced locations; the blocks are removably clamped about the pipe.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the load of a dynamometer. While the dynamometer is driven or coasted with a plurality of armature currents properly selected between -100% and +100% of the rated armature current, each time value it takes the dynamometer speed to vary from one preset speed level to the next preset speed level is measured and converted into a load value which is then stored together with the corresponding dynamometer speed and armature current values. Proper load, speed and current values are read out in accordance with a given targeted load and dynamometer speed for calculation of a targeted control current corresponding to the targeted control load using interpolation.

Abstract: A testing apparatus for cassette type tape recording and/or playback machines has a cassette shell for mounting on the machine in place of the regular tape cassette, the cassette shell having driven means such as spools displaceably mounted within the cassette shell and adapted to be engaged and displaced respectively by the forward and rewind spindles of the machine when either of such spindles is actuated. Indicator means indicate the torque applied to either of the driven means by virtue of an indicating pointer adapted to move over a scale from a central rest position to which the pointer is spring biased, flexible means such as leader tape interconnecting the pointer to both of the driven means. Preferably the spring biasing and pointer are integrally formed in a T-shape with a pivotal mounting at the junction of the T such that the arms bend resiliently upon displacement of the pointer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a torque wrench wherein a head comprises an engaging member capable of being coupled, antirotationally, with a screw or the like. A handle lever is movable within limits relative to the engaging member and a load sensor is provided between the engaging member and the handle lever and controls an indicating means. The load sensor according to the present invention is a piezoelectric member fitted with electrodes connected with the input of an electric amplifier which is fed by a battery housed in the handle lever. The electric amplifier controls an electronic indicator which indicates the torque applied to a screw or the like.

Abstract: A tire quality control arrangement for nondestructive material testing of vehicle tires, aircraft tires, and the like by way of holographic interferometry. A conical mirror arranged in the path of the object beam to examine a tire positioned in concentric relation with the conical mirror; a projecting device includes an objective positioned at the observation point for providing the interference pattern of at least one "meridian" portion of the inner surface of the tire to be examined on a screen; a light intensity measuring device ascertains the brightness distribution of the interference pattern or figure along a "meridian" cutting line of the tire being examined and an extreme value detector ascertains the position of the brightness extremes of the interference pattern succeeded by a device for determining the density or distribution of extremes along the "meridian" line.

Abstract: Two radial cuts are made in a disc-shaped solid, the wedge (or sector) thereby produced is removed, and the exposed faces of the radial cuts are forced into contact with each other. By bonding (or welding) together the faces of the radial cuts, a self-stressed disc, capable of propagating a pure mode 1 crack, is created.

Abstract: An automatic extractor of capsuled oil well drilling fluid samples and a process for extracting the fluid samples, the extractor including a vertically oriented tube canister for storing a quantity of empty sample capsules; a plate canister which contains a supply of plates for storing the filled sample capsules; a pivotally mounted sampling device positioned between the tube canister and the plate canister, which sampling device operates to remove the sample capsules one by one from storage in the tube canister, immerse the capsules in a stream of drilling fluid from which a sample is desired, and insert the filled sample capsule in the plate canister; and a plate conveyor in cooperation with the plate canister for periodically removing filled plates containing the sealed capsules and samples.

Abstract: A dispenser unit preferably adjustable for either single dose or multiple dose dispensing of fluids; primarily for the precision dispensing of small volumes (e.g. volumes measured in microliters). The unit includes an elongate actuator rod axially moveable in one direction to dispense the fluid, and a hand-engageable dispensing lever including a passageway through which the actuator rod extends. A measured, or predetermined quantity of the fluid is dispensed by manually applying a force to the lever in the one axial direction to maintain a canted relationship between the lever and actuator rod. This canted relationship causes surfaces of the passageway to lock against the actuator rod, and the axially directed manual force on the lever will move the rod to dispense the fluid.

Abstract: A pistol-shaped pipetter capable of operation on a full range of pipettes from 0 to 25 ml and which has a pair of vacuum chambers which are activated by trigger-type devices on the pistol grip of the unit. With a small volume pipette the selector valve is placed in one setting wherein only one of the vacuum chambers is directly connected to the pipette. With a larger volume pipette, the selector valve is positioned so as to place both vacuum chambers in communication with it. A rapid discharge of the fluid in the pipette is achieved by trigger actuation while a fine, controlled discharge is achieved by an air bleed valve control.

Abstract: A method for producing a visible image of an object is disclosed in which a fermental plate is illuminated with ultrasonic waves and a latent image of the object is therefore produced therein which is developed using a solution of chromogenic substrates, comprising, for example, hydrogen peroxide and a water-soluble aromatic amine. An apparatus to practice the disclosed method comprises an ultrasonic generator to generate ultrasonic waves illuminating the object, a fermental plate to receive and convert the ultrasonic waves passed through the object to a visible image, and a tray filled with a developer to develop the latent image of the object in the fermental plate.

Abstract: In an illustrative embodiment, an ultrasonic receiver supplies the echo signals with a given dynamic range to an image recording device which manifests a non-linear luminance/control characteristic. An imaging apparatus with a signal transmission chain of such a type is to be produced with which, by simple means, the echo dynamic range can be adapted to the luminance range detectable by the eye. This is achieved in that there is connected between the ultrasonic receiver and the image recording device, a distortion member, particularly a linearization member, which distorts, in particular, linearizes, in accordance with a specifiable pattern, the non-linear luminance/actuating characteristic of the recording device, in dependence upon a predetermined optimum dynamic range of the echo signals.

Abstract: A selectable delay system for coupling between a plurality of elements and an input/output terminal, the relative delays between the input/output terminal and the individual elements being selectable under operator control. A single delay line is employed to obtain up to three different effective delay configurations that can be used, for example, to obtain three different focuses in an ultrasonic imaging system.

Abstract: There have been proposed ultrasonic scanners in which a transducer is laterally scanned relative to a body known arrangements with lead screws for example can give rise to much vibration and have a high power requirement. It is proposed to scan with a linear motor drive. The scanning part including the transducer is put in an oil bath and the oil flow is balanced to act as a counterweight. The scanning part should, therefore, have neutral buoyancy, with the centers of gravity and buoyancy substantially coincident.

Abstract: A sound pressure level meter adapted for use in monitoring noise levels, particularly for use by law enforcement agencies wherein the device includes means for providing a logarithmic indication of the root mean square value of ambient sound pressure levels and wherein means are provided for holding and displaying a maximum sound pressure level detected over a given period of time and for providing an alarm when a detected level exceeds a predetermined threshold level.

Abstract: A capacitive pressure sensor is provided which has a conductive silicon diaphragm having a thick supporting portion at the periphery thereof and a thin inner deflecting portion which is reduced in thickness from the supporting portion by means of an etching process which makes possible a very accurate dimensioning of the hollow formed by the deflecting portion of the diaphragm. A substrate of borosilicate glass has a flat surface which is placed against the side of the diaphragm in contact with the supporting portion and the two elements are joined by a process of anodic bonding so that a pressure chamber is formed between the substrate and the thin deflecting portion of the diaphragm. Within the pressure chamber, a thin electrode is provided on the surface of the substrate thereby forming electrostatic capacity between the substrate and the diaphragm and a hole is provided through the substrate for supplying of fluid into the pressure chamber.

Abstract: Noise signals from a relatively moving object, such as those caused by eddies in a fluid or by protrusions and recesses or gradation on the surface of paper or an iron plate, are sensed at two or more points spaced in the direction of the motion. A difference signal is then obtained from the resulting two noise signals. The relative velocity of the object is detected from the difference signal by utilizing the autocorrelation function or the frequency spectrum of the difference signal.

Abstract: A slot of a vortex generating body in which alternating fluid flow occurs in response to shedding of vortexes from the body is narrowed at the middle section thereof where a fluid flow sensing element such as a hot wire is located.

Abstract: Flow measuring device with a vortex-generating choke body which is arranged within a pipe section and consists of a prismatic forward part of trapezoidal cross-section and a parallelepiped-shaped extension projecting from the smaller surface of said prismatic part. In the interior of the prismatic part, two parallel pressure chambers are positioned transversely to the flow direction, which are connected via rows of openings or slots to the rear of the prismatic part, above and below the extension to form a pneumatic R-C combination. Pressure pickups for measuring the periodic pressure variations which are generated by the vortex separations and are proportional to the flow velocity, are arranged in the pressure chambers or in pressure-conducting connection therewith. By means of the R-C combination, the phase equality of the vortex separations over the width of the choke body is improved and the fading is reduced.

Abstract: A technique particularly suitable for measuring volume flow rate in the ascending aorta employs real time sector-scan imaging to locate the cross section of interest and align the Doppler beam with the vessel axis. The number of active transmit and receive array transducer elements is varied to electronically tailor the acoustic beam cross section at the required range to be approximately equal to the vessel cross section, which is the sample volume. Mean flow velocity is computed by averaging the spectral components extracted from the sample volume by a Fourier transform processor. Volume flow rate is calculated by multiplying mean flow velocity and estimated area.

Abstract: A flowmeter for fluids comprising a transparent vertical tube widening in upward direction, a ball freely disposed within said tube so as to be carried upward in dependence upon the flow, and a plurality of helical guide members on the inside of said tube, the guide members having inner edges which extend substantially vertically so that the free cross-sectional area for movement of the ball is substantially the same at all heights of the tube, the guide members minimizing pendulating of the ball and thereby increasing the accuracy of measurement.

Abstract: The invention provides a gyroscope employing a sensitive element rotated by a hysteresis motor and which has an improved bias repeatability, the bias arising from vibration of the sensitive element imparted thereto by the hysteresis motor. An identifiable point associated with the sensitive element (9) is sensed by first sensor means (37, 38, 67, 71) and a pole vector associated with the hysteresis motor (6) is sensed directly or indirectly by second sensor means (64), the outputs of these sensor means being applied to comparator means (73) which is operable to compare the phase of the pole vector (V.sub.p) with respect to the identifiable point. Control means (76, 79) are also provided which are responsive to the output of the comparator means (73) and operable to adjust the phase of the pole vector (V.sub.p) with respect to the identifiable point to a required relationship, the gyroscope further comprising means (73), for maintaining that required relationship once established.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed wherein a starter provides power for starting an engine and the starter gearing and an overrunning clutch are arranged so that the engine drives an accessory coupled to the starter by using particular elements of the starter gearing while other elements of the gearing come to rest, thereby eliminating separate drive means between the starter and accessory.

Abstract: A transport system for a dot matrix printing mechanism including an improved overall design for the transport system and improved designs for individual elements of the system and combinations of elements. The overall design of the present invention uses snap fits extensively throughout for ease of assembly and disassembly, integrates many previously separate parts into one-piece members, employs common part designs wherever possible, and uses single parts to perform multiple functions wherever possible. For examples, the strike bar and ribbon frame of the present invention are combined into one piece and the ribbon cartridge is releasably mounted to the ribbon frame using one end of a latch member while the other end of the latch member is used to bias a pressure roller against the paper advancing roller. The overall design also includes a common drive train interconnected between the moving parts of the transport system whereby all of the moving parts can be powered by a single motor.

Abstract: Within a housing of a multi-position switch there is arranged a forwardly and backwardly indexible stepping mechanism comprising two actuation elements which can be individually brought into engagement with a pinion of a character support or carrier by accomplishing a linear working movement. Each actuation element comprises a push-button, a switching or indexing element and a preferably hairpin-shaped spring element, or is operatively connected with a coil spring mounted in the housing. By means of each push-button the related actuation element is moved in a first direction, whereby its switching element, guided by a first pin along a cam or equivalent structure, is deflected, and a second pin comes into engagement with the pinion, so that this pinion, which is rotatably mounted upon a shaft, can be moved in a predetermined direction against the restoring force of a latching spring engaging into a tooth gap of the pinion by means of a latching cam or nose.

Abstract: Apparatus for synchronously shifting the reverse gear of a speed-changing transmission, such as an automobile transmission, includes an axially displaceable reverse shift gear which is rotatably mounted on a stationary shaft and cooperates (meshes) with a first gear on a first transmission shaft and a second, wider gear on a second transmission shaft. The reverse shift gear has a synchronizing device, provided with synchronizing cones and locking components, which becomes operative to brake the reverse shift gear with respect to a stationary element when the shift gear is axially displaced.

Abstract: A roller shutter or door drum driving mechanism of the kind comprising a pivotally mounted electric motor, a gear train fixedly associated with said motor terminating in a pinion, a ring gear on the drum and manually operable, is furnished with releasable latch means which secure said motor and train in an operative position wherein the pinion meshes with the ring gear but, when released, permit the motor to move to an in-operative position wherein the pinion is clear of the ring gear.

Abstract: A precision driving apparatus of the type comprising a pinion and a rack in mesh with the pinion is improved to assure always a good engagement between the pinion and the rack throughout the length of the rack. The rack is formed by monoblock molding of synthetic resin material so as to comprise, as the integral parts thereof, a tooth part, a base part, a connection part and a distance limitation part. The connection part elastically connects the tooth part and base part at both ends thereof in such manner that the tooth part may be displaced only in the direction normal to the direction in which the rack is moved, without any deformation of the tooth part itself.

Abstract: An opener apparatus for beverage cans having an opener tab provided on the top wall includes an elongated tool having a hook portion at the forward end and a handle portion at the rearward end. The hook portion extends forwardly from the handle portion a and then downwardly and rearwardly to define a channel adapted to receive the opener tab for lifting the tab and opening the can in response to lifting movement of the tool when a force is applied to the handle portion. A leg member may be extended downwardly from the tool and positioned for simultaneously depressing the scored section of the can top wall into the can and providing a fulcrum for lifting movement of the hook portion in response to downward movement of the handle portion.

Abstract: A wrench particularly adapted for removing automotive oil filters and similar cannister type filters without crushing the relatively thin outer shell of the filter. The wrench includes a relatively wide, flat, flexible metal strap having a length less than the circumference of the filter and pivotally connected at one end to an end of a rigid handle. The strap carries a pivotally mounted hook at its opposite end and the hook is adapted to engage the cross pins of a link chain which is pivotally connected at one end to the handle at a point spaced inwardly from the end of the handle to which the strap is attached.

Abstract: A metal pipe bevelling tool has a shaft with a forward end portion on which is mounted a mandrel with movable jaws engageable with the inside of a pipe end to hold the shaft coaxial with the pipe. A tool hub is rotatably supported by a rearward end portion of the shaft, the tool hub carrying cutting tools for bevelling the end of the pipe, and also having means engageable with an auxiliary power drive for rotating the tool hub. The tool hub, and consequently the whole apparatus, is enabled to be fairly small and light by a special mounting arrangement for the cutting tools. In this arrangement, the tool hub has recesses the axes of which lie in a direction extending outwardly and forwardly from the hub, and these recesses are each provided with a tool holding sleeve having an external surface fitting closely within the respective recess and defining a central cavity of square cross section for receiving the shank of a cutting tool.

Abstract: The invention is an improved chuck for machining operations. It consists of a disc-like piece with tooth-like projections around the periphery, and a removable centering piece at the center thereof. The improved chuck is held in an ordinary three-jaw chuck in a lathe when in use. The work piece is centered on the improved chuck on the side with the tooth-like projections and held in place there by the pressure of a rotating bull-nose tailstock. The improved chuck permits machining the outside surface with the single set-up, whereas the prior art requires two set-ups, usually alternately in a three-jaw and a four-jaw chuck with various attendant difficulties.