Abstract: A pill dispenser is provided to enable individuals to take medication at regular specified times throughout the day. The dispenser has an open container with a divider means having a plurality of compartment-forming walls which divide the container into a number of compartments, each compartment adapted to receive and store medication to be taken at a prescribed time as identified with an hour label associated with the compartment, and a rotatable cover enclosing the container and having a sector-shaped opening, which can be moved over a selected compartment for the removal of the medication contained therein. If all compartments are used for holding medication, the sector-shaped opening may be covered with a closure tab which is openable so that the first dose of medication can be taken at the first prescribed time.

Abstract: There is disclosed a clothesline which comprises two supports adapted to be mounted in a spaced apart relationship and at least one pair of arms which can each be connected to an individual one of the supports, for example by insertion in a socket of the support. The arms of each pair are interconnected by one or more resilient cords which tend to pull the arms together so they lock in position in the sockets the cords at the same time serving for the hanging of laundry. The capacity of the clothesline can be increased by insertion of one or more additional pairs of such arms in corresponding sockets of the supports.

Abstract: A rack which is easily knocked down and set up comprises a base and corner standards releasably attached to that base. A plurality of rails are releasably coupled to the corner standards. The rack can also be used as a skid and coupling members are disclosed which quickly and easily attach the rails to the corner standards. Several forms of the coupling members are disclosed.

Abstract: A fabricated backstop for an end-of car cushioning unit in a railway car. The backstop is composed of two plate members or pieces which are welded separately to the inside of a center sill. One backstop piece is a generally U-shaped vertical plate member which is welded about its entire outer circumference to the inside of the center sill and provides an over-solid stop. The second backstop piece is a horizontal plate member positioned in contact with the rear face of the vertical plate member and having a cutout portion to receive an end collar of an end-of-car cushioning device. The horizontal plate member is welded at its front face to the vertical plate member and at its outer sides to the center sill to provide a rear buff stop and a rear draft stop.

Abstract: A railway vehicle wear member is provided between a pair of relatively movable components of the railway vehicle, wherein such wear member has a rigid planar supporting portion used to support a polymeric antifriction wear material and an extension which comprises the planar supporting portion and is formed in position against one of the relatively movable components to hold the wear member against a particular movement relative to the one component.

Abstract: A molded container having a wall composed of a thermoplastic resin oriented in at least one direction on the wall face, wherein the container wall has a layer of a blend composed mainly of a plurality of melt-extrudable thermoplastic resins, each of which has a solubility parameter (Sp) of at least 9.5, at least one of said thermoplastic resins has an oxygen permeability lower than 5.times.10.sup.-11 cc.multidot.cm/cm.sup.2 .multidot.sec.multidot.cmHg, said thermoplastic resins are chosen so that the difference (.DELTA.Sp) of the solubility parameter in said thermoplastic resins is not greater than 4.5, the elongation of said resin blend is higher than the arithmetic mean (.epsilon.) of elongations of the respective thermoplastic resins, and wherein the container has a thermal shrinkability (.delta.) of at least 5% in the orientation direction of said container wall.

Abstract: A filter device for injectable fluids which includes a tubular member secured in sealing relation in the open end of a vial partially filled with the injectable fluid and a rupturable sealing disc sealing the tubular member and which includes a filter means within the tubular member for filtration of fluid during passage through said tubular member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a threaded stopper comprising a capsule made of polypropylene and a seal made of EVA. The end of the capsule is offset to lengthen a truncated funnel which is because of its increased length made more supple. The dish-shaped seal element is retained by the funnel and its lip is turned back against the end of the capsule. The invention finds particular application in the packing industry.

Abstract: A brazed slip joint is formed between housing portions, the portions forming an envelope to enclose an evacuated area. The ends of the housing portions overlap, one within the other, and each has a slight outward flare. The edge of the inner end makes line contact with the inner surface of the outer end. This arrangement defines an area between the overlapping ends which comes substantially to a point at that line contact and which is generally triangular in transverse cross section. That area is filled with a brazing alloy and a brazed joint is formed by exposure of the parts to the proper elevated temperature.

Abstract: A venting device for fuel tanks of vehicles, especially motor vehicles, with an equalizing chamber to be placed in the fuel tank close to and beneath an upper wall at approximately centrally relative to side walls of the fuel tank. The equalizing chamber is vented to the atmosphere through an equalizing line and is connected to vent lines on both sides running on an inside of the fuel tank at approximately the same height. The vent lines terminate freely in a vicinity of each side wall with a vent opening at one end. The vent lines preferably terminate at the side wall line opposite to the connection of the vent lines with the equalizing chamber. Each vent line, at the ends containing the vent opening, has a chamber within the tank with the chamber being vented to the interior of the fuel tank and with the vent openings of the respective vent lines terminating in the chamber.

Abstract: A tamper-proof closure cap for use with the externally threaded neck opening of a container for providing a visible indication of tampering attempts with the container includes a generally cylindrical main body portion which is internally threaded and suitable for mating engagement with the externally threaded neck opening. Extending around the lower edge of the main body portion and for approximately 150.degree. is a removable sector ring which is joined to the main body portion by three evenly spaced-apart connecting elements. Located adjacent to the externally threaded neck opening is an interlock protuberance which includes an inclined lower surface and the top surface of the removable sector ring has a compatible sawtooth profile. The teeth of the sawtooth profile ratchetly engage the inclined surface of the interlock protuberance.

Abstract: A releasable lid clasp device for trash containers or cans, arranged to secure the lids thereof against accidental dislodgment. The device is constituted as an elongate body having a generally transverse groove of suitable radius which defines a pair of facing jaws that are capable of engaging opposite surfaces of the bead of the container lid. The body includes a resilient hinge which enables opening and closing movement of one of the jaws with respect to the other as the hinge flexes. In addition, there is provided a manually engageable extremity portion on the body, by which the user can flex the hinge and thereby accomplish the opening and closing movement of the one jaw. The arrangement is such that a highly satisfactory securement of the lid can be attained, without sacrificing ease of operation or reliability, especially over prolonged periods of use.

Abstract: An article holder and dispenser including an elongate hollow container especially suitable for storing and dispensing nested articles such as ice cream cones, cups and the like is disclosed herein along with a particular arrangement for releasably retaining articles of different sizes at the discharge end of the container. This arrangement utilizes a plurality of article retaining elements having resilient but wear resistent article retaining segments located within the hollow container adjacent its discharge opening for establishing the effective size of the opening and for releasably retaining the articles to be dispensed.

Abstract: A molded, disposable fluid container is disclosed for containing one, or preferably two, fluids ready for shipping. For a single fluid, the container may be tube-shaped having one or two open ends of smaller diameter. They may be closed by disposable, molded caps which may be screwed over external screw threads, or snapped on and off from molded, external ridges. One of the caps may be of large diameter to correspond to the diameter of the tube, and may in turn, have a small diameter open cylinder which may be closed by a disposable, molded cap. Preferably, dual container kits are used for shipping two fluids. Both containers have a matching, small open end providing with matching ridges or screw threads. This permits metering of the two fluids in a desired ratio through blow-down by appropriate fluid pressures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a squeeze vessel having a good combination of deformability, memory property and interlaminar peel resistance, suitable for squeezing out the content, and being excellent in content preserving property, flavor retaining property and appearance characteristics. This squeeze vessel comprises a laminate structure including at least one layer composed mainly of at least one member selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers and polyamides, at least one layer composed mainly of an olefin resin having an elasticity of 900 to 9000 Kg/cm.sup.

Abstract: A carton for dispensing a metered amount of the contents thereof comprising a spout formed in a wall of the carton, the spout comprising a front wall, a back wall, and side walls forming a spout container whereby a predetermined volume of the carton content may be contained therein and with the spout container attached at the base thereof to an opening in said carton wall in a pivotal relationship whereby the spout container volume is located within the carton to be filled with a predetermined amount of carbon product and then pivoted outwardly about the base thereof to locate such spout container volume outside the carton to enable dispensing of only the predetermined volume of carton contents contained therein.

Abstract: A non-return valve unit for a bottle having a mechanism for preventing dripping and for giving a controlled discharge of liquid from the bottle, suitable for use with any type of bottle neck by insertion in the said neck and especially for bottles adapted to receive "pilfer-proof" caps. The valve unit consists of only three elements made up generally of a cylindrical slightly frusto-conical body having a brim for preventing dripping and having a septum in its interior where the seat of a generally circular valve is positioned. Radial septa which support an annular guide for the stem of a check or retention valve, form a component part of this septum. An upper chamber in the body houses a pouring device of a frusto-conical shape. The pouring device has a cylindrical wall internally supported by radial septa which ends in a frusto-conical surface; and provides together with the inner cylindrical surface of the pourer a circular area of discharge.

Abstract: The specification of the present invention discloses an automatic bottle cap that may be applied to an opened receptacle. The valve used in this cap automatically opens when the receptacle is tipped for pouring and closes when the receptacle returns to the upright position. The device uses two permanent magnets positioned such that a net unbalanced force exists between them which is used to open or close the valve. The movement of one magnet within the structure causes the direction of the net unbalanced force to be reversed causing the second magnet and associated valve stem to move and open or close the valve.

Abstract: A one-piece dispensing closure has an annular skirt on the inner side of which there are threads which co-operate with threads on a container neck for retaining the closure on the container. The closure has a disc-like top in which there is a dispensing opening and a lid for the opening which is an integral part of the closure and is hinged to the closure top at one edge thereof. The lid has an integral plug adapted to close the dispensing opening when the lid is swung into closing position overlying the closure top. The closure top and the underside of the lid have co-operating projections, for example, ears and a post, which function to prevent the lid from swinging to closing position when the closure is turned over to position for dispensing content material and which can be manually interengaged for retaining the lid in closing position when desired.

Abstract: A pour through stopper which permits dispensing of a liquid from a container without complete removal of the stopper. The construction is such that the stopper defines a dispensing passage through which the liquid passes when it is being poured. An improved sealing arrangement is provided for preventing the accidental discharge of liquid and for protecting and sealing the components of the stopper from the dispensed liquid.

Abstract: A device for use in a powder entraining squeeze container employs a first vertical hollow circular conduit having a first diameter, open at top and bottom ends and constituting a dip tube. A hollow spherical chamber having a second and much larger diameter and constituting an air powder mixing chamber is disposed above the dip tube, the top end of the dip tube being connected to the bottom of the chamber. A second vertical hollow conduit having a third diameter smaller than the first diameter is secured at its open bottom end to the top of the chamber and is used to discharge the mixture from its top open end. A third vertical hollow conduit in the chamber wall is open at top and bottom ends and is disposed alongside of a portion of the first conduit. The diameter of the third conduit is substantially equal to the third diameter. The open top of a vertical hollow cup closed at its bottom is spaced below the chamber.

Abstract: A garment hanger structure which is adapted for positioning in a garment bag comprising a pair of arms diverging from a top central portion, a hook, and means connecting said hook to said top central portion for selective movement about a pair of mutually perpendicular axes.

Abstract: A convertible hand-to-bicycle bag has handles which comprise an elastic intermediate portion for engaging fastening means on a bicycle when stretched and end portions connected to a body such that the handles may be disposed in a first, hand-carrying position wherein the handles straddle the body with the intermediate portions disposed adjacent each other above the body, and in a second, bicycle attaching position wherein the handles straddle a bicycle on which the bag is mounted.

Abstract: Spare-wheel carrier to be mounted on a chassis of a motor vehicle comprises a substantially horizontal backing plate adapted for connection with a vehicle. The backing plate carries a movable protruding hook positioned in such a way as to allow the central opening of a wheel rim to be rested thereupon for enabling the wheel to be swung about the hook to a position below the backing plate and substantially in parallellism therewith. The hook comprises one end of a movable supporting member, the other end of which constitutes a locking member. With the wheel in its securement position, the supporting member is moved whereby the locking member is displaced into engagement with the wheel rim to support same, and whereby the hook is displaced toward the backing member to press the wheel rim thereagainst.

Abstract: An elongated strap, having metal threads to deter cutting, includes a non-removable ring at one end and a combination lock secured to the other end, for providing an over the shoulder carrier for skis and poles, and a wrap-around lock for securing skis and poles to an anchor.

Abstract: A holder for a closed umbrella having an umbrella embracing member and a shoulder encircling strap. The umbrella embracing member is a flat member which encircles the umbrella and is suspended from the strap in such a way that the umbrella is held substantially vertically and in the vicinity of the wearer's shoulder blade.

Abstract: A shoulder bag such as a photography case adapted to be suspended from a shoulder of a bearer of the same is suspended by means of a strap engaging opposed pivot pins projecting outwardly from opposed side walls of such bag. An upper rear edge portion of the bag is inwardly arched or concave so as to generally fit over the hip of the bag bearer, and a waist-encircling band passes through recessed portions of such upper edge. As a result, the bag is suspended from the shoulder by means of the suspension strap engaging the opposed projecting ends as well as secured to the body of the wearer by means of the waist-encircling band. As points of suspension of the bag are in vertical alignment with the center of gravity of the bag, the bag will obliquely pivot outwardly from the body of the bearer and contact the body of the bearer solely where engaging the hip portion by means of the waist encircling band and upper rib.

Abstract: An adjustable and removable ski rack for association with an automotive vehicle carrier is adapted to be releasably attached to a bracket slidingly positioned in a carrier track. The ski rack includes a removable key-operated lock for lockingly detachably pivoting an end of the rack to enable insertion or removal of skis. The bracket includes a disc for releasably locking the bracket anywhere along the length of the track. The disc is ratcheted in a preferred embodiment to prevent unintended loosening of the bracket and resultant movement of the bracket along the track.

Abstract: A bursting apparatus for separating one or two continuous webs of material along transverse lines of weakening thereon. The material is fed through two pairs of rollers driven by suitable driving apparatus. Magnetic clutch and magnetic brake assemblies halt rotation of one pair of rollers upstream the transverse line of weakening, while the other pair of rollers continues to grip and feed the material. The resultant longitudinal tension along the material promotes rupture at the transverse line of weakening. A breaker roller mounted between the two pairs of rollers has axially mounted spheres to promote discrete points of increased tension along the transverse line of weakening. The bursting operation is repetitive and continuous. Separated sheets are successively transported or stacked after passing through the rollers.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to automatically detect and correct the bow and skew of a moving web of material. Individually controlled rolls are employed to speed up or retard the speed of a section of web material when a control mark is detected by a magnetic response detector to realign the section of fabric detected with other sections of the web of material.

Abstract: A planetary device for feeding electrode wiring in welding operations is provided with a housing through which the wire is fed, the central portion of the housing being shaped as a flange with a hub, and the front side thereof being provided with seats housing pistons bearing radially adjustable wire-feeding rollers. The piston heads are in constant contact with the shorter arms of bow-type double-armed levers hingedly affixed to the flange portion of the hub and located perpendicularly to the axis of the electrode wire fed through the housing. The longer arms of the levers contact the surfaces of a cam supported in the hub of the housing for rotation with respect thereto. A torque spring in the form of an Archimedes spiral, disposed between the flange of the housing and the cam, and having its respective inner and outer ends affixed to such members, constantly urges the cam with respect to the housing in such direction as to urge the rollers inwardly into engagement with the electrode wire.

Abstract: A multi-module system for advancing an electrode wire from a supply location to a field welding station via a plurality of spaced conduit sections is described. Each conduit section is succeeded and preceeded by a plurality of wire-advancing heads, with the front-most head adjacent the welding station being driven at constant speed and the remaining heads being driven at a variable tension. The tension in the variable-tension heads is initially set to advance the wire through the conduit sections in a continuous serpentine-like path. When the tension in the wire downstream of the forward-most head increases to impart a "straightening" component to the advancing wire, the forward-most head generates a control signal which is fed back via a regulator on the rear-most head to successively vary the tension in the successive rear heads in a successively decreasing manner corresponding to the decrease in total resistance of the wire tension seen by such successive heads.

Abstract: An insulated, decorative hot drink cup for hot coffee or the like is provided which can be grasped and drunk from without fear that the user's fingers will be burned. The cup includes an inner, integral, synthetic resin cup member having a series of spaced, exterior, longitudinally extending, triangular in cross section ribs on the sidewall thereof, and an outer decorative paper overwrap permanently applied over and in contact with the ribs. This structure defines a series of discrete, juxtaposed, dead air chambers or cells in the cup assembly sidewall for maximum heat insulation, and the thermally minimal, essentially line contact between the rib apices and overwrap enhances this effect. An uppermost circumferential bead formed on the cup member provides a further seal and prevents passage of liquid between the overwrap and member sidewall.

Abstract: A liquid container sealing construction comprises a container body having at least one open end surrounded by a marginal edge thereof and an end closure member closing the open end of the container body. The container body is coated on its inner surface with a heat sealable thermoplastic material. The end closure member includes a peripheral flange coated on its outer surface with a heat sealable thermoplastic material. The peripheral flange and the marginal edge jointly provide a contacting portion where they are intimately fused and united together by the heat sealable thermoplastic material, and also provide a portion where they are held out of contact with each other, the latter portion being located adjacent to the turned edge of the flange. There are also provided a method and apparatus for sealing the liquid container with the end closure member.

Abstract: A box having side walls (10, 12, 14, 16), a first set of panels (20, 22, 24, 26) along the top edges of the side walls and a second set of panels (28, 30, 32, 34) along the bottom edges of the side walls. The first set of panels overlap one another to form a box top and the second set of panels similarly overlap to form a box base. The first set of panels are so shaped that the box top has some areas which are above the level of the remainder of the top. The panels forming the box base also provide areas which are above the level of the remainder of the base. Said areas of the top and base are of the same shape and layout so that when two boxes are stacked, said areas of the top are received in said areas of the base.

Abstract: A heat-sealable, ovenable container and method of manufacture wherein one of the components of the container, for example, the tray, is provided with a thermoplastic polyester coating and the other component, for example, the lid, is provided with a thermosetting polyester coating, said coatings cooperating to produce a self-venting, easy-tear, sanitary seal.

Abstract: A packaging container for eggs or the like is constituted by a bottom section made of foamed plastic sheet material and provided with a flange at its periphery, and a top section made of non-foamed plastic sheet material and provided with a flange at its periphery, the flanges being downwardly bent and heat-sealed except for the end portions thereof so that the heat-sealed portions can be readily peeled off by a user.

Abstract: A reclosable bag having front and back panels and an open end or mouth adaptable to be reclosabe. A non-resiliently deformable label or strip, such as a metal-foil strip, is bonded to one of the panels adjacent to the open end. The label is of sufficient width so that when the mouth end of the bag is folded upon itself, the bag will maintain the folded configuration. The label is adapted to be folded about its transverse axis to form a multi-layer rectangular structure when the mouth end of the bag is folded upon itself. The label has a U-shaped slit with the open end of the slit terminating at the transverse axis. When the label is folded about the axis, the segment of the label outlined by the U-shaped slit extends beyond the folded edge of the label and bag to form a tab. The tab is provided with an opening thereby permitting the bag to be hung on a rack.

Abstract: To prevent uneven rotary speeds of the inner rotor of a nested triple-rotor centrifuge in which a separating container is located in an inner rotor and connected by means of soft-elastic integral connecting tubes with the outside of the centrifuge, and without slip joints, and wherein the three nested, coaxially positioned rotors are independently rotatable with respect to each other, a positive synchronizing drive connection (25, 33) is established between the outer rotor (4) and the drive connection (27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32) of the inner rotor (6); the centrifuge is particularly suitable for centrifuging blood during or immediately following blood donation to permit separation of blood plasma and return of erythrocytes to the donor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling combustion in a process heater provides for efficient control of the combustion with a minimum of components. The apparatus includes means for generating a signal from a condition of a process, such as temperature, or pressure in the case of a boiler. The signal, which may be a pressure signal, is presented in parallel to a needle valve, to a first fluid-responsive relay, and to a second fluid-responsive relay. A volume tank is connected in series to the needle valve and in parallel to the first relay and to the second relay. The first relay communicates with means for controlling the flow of combustion air. The second relay communicates with means for controlling the flow of fuel. When the signal of the process condition is below the point at which a controller is set, then the signal is an increasing pressure signal. When the signal of the process condition is above the point at which the controller is set, then the signal is a decreasing pressure signal.

Abstract: Heating, ventilating and air conditioning control systems commonly use pneumatic actuators. A digital logic control has first and second output ports applied to control the actuator through dual channels, including an air supply channel and an air exhaust channel. Various sensed and related input signals are processed by the logic device and generate control signals at the control signal ports. Each channel includes an electrically controlled switch unit having an electrical operator and a pneumatic switch for controlling the flow to and from the pneumatic actuator. The switch may take the form of an electromagnetically actuated flow valve opening and closing a flow path from a supply or exhaust to the pneumatic actuator or, in the case of the supply channel, the form of a small electrically operated pump unit. The actuation of the actuator is controlled either on a time or frequency basis to set the actuator in the proper position.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for improving the traction of vehicle wheels, particularly for use with an automotive vehicle rendered immobile in snow or sand. A plate is provided with transverse T-shaped gripping members affixed to the plate on each surface for the entire width of the plate. Accordingly, positive traction is provided to both the vehicle wheel and the soft or slippery material, such as snow, sand, mud, or ice in which the wheel has become embedded. The invention is easily handled and used, particularly in emergency situations, and is durable under repeated conditions of hard use. Each T-shaped transverse bar constituting the gripping means is mounted preferably at an angle of about 25.degree. for presenting a positive gripping surface to enable the wheel to travel along the length of the traction device. Furthermore, the transverse bars provide rigidity to the device and are constructed to avoid damage to the tire.

Abstract: Pneumatic nebulizer and method for uniformly introducing variable small amounts of flowable liquid into a gas flow to form a stable dispersion having the appearance of a natural fog and consisting essentially of microscopic liquid particles of said liquid dispersed in said gas. The nebulizer comprises a mixing element for introducing the liquid in uniformly fine amounts into the gas flow. The mixing element, which preferably is a replaceable unitary element comprises two contacting members having conforming surfaces which supportingly contact each other over a substantial portion of the surfaces of each to prevent compression therebetween. At least one shallow liquid passage is provided between the members of the mixing element said passage having an entrance in communication with a liquid supply chamber and having an exit orifice in communication with a gas passage to provide at least one stable liquid orifice for metering uniform predetermined amounts of liquid into a gas flowing through said gas passage.

Abstract: An improvement in inhalation aerosol spray devices comprising a piezoelectric oscillator connected to an atomizer plate, where the improvement resides in that the working surface of the atomizer plate is coated with a thin elastomer film, whereby the particle spectrum of the aerosol generated by the device is significantly improved.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle includes a fuel pressure actuated valve member slidable in a bore and engaged by a piston slidable in a cylinder of smaller diameter than the bore and connected thereto the space defined between the piston and valve member communicates by way of a non-return valve with the end of the cylinder remote from the bore. In operation fuel is displaced from said space past the non-return valve and the pressure in the end of the cylinder remote from the bore rises to increase the force acting to maintain the valve member in the closed position.

Abstract: An ornamental lawn sprinkler which includes a figure holding a nozzle of the garden hose, the figure being activated by the moving water so to pivot reciprocally to opposite right and left about a horizontal axis, and at a same time rotate directionally about a vertical axis.

Abstract: A rotary sprinkler is described comprising a nozzle formed with an axial bore, a spindle extending through the bore and including stops at its opposite ends, and a rotor floatingly mounted on the spindle for rotary and axial movement thereon by the liquid jet issuing from the nozzle bore, the spindle being also axially and laterally movable within the bore such that the rotation of the rotor by the jet self-centers it on the spindle and also self-centers the spindle in the nozzle bore.

Abstract: A conically shaped probe or forward portion on an air nozzle having a rearwardly extending hollow externally threaded portion providing an air flow duct. A supply of pressured air in communication with said air flow duct and having circumferentially spaced apart air outlets permitting air to flow from said air flow duct to an air flow gap and along the conical exterior surface of the probe, the COANDA effect functioning on this flow of air along the probe. A rotatable internally threaded collar is threadedly mounted on said hollow externally threaded portion of the probe and extends forwardly over and spaced from the plurality of air outlets and directing the flow of air through said gap to the external surface of the conical portion of the probe. The dimensions of the air flow gap may be varied by turning the collar to move it toward the conical portion of the probe or away therefrom.

Abstract: A nozzle is provided for a gas turbine combustion system in which the atomizing air metering nozzle is provided with an aerodynamically rotating orifice which turns air flow radially inward toward the source of oil or other liquid fuel prior to initiating a swirling vortex to eliminate centrifuging action of the air stream within the nozzle. Metering on the atomizing air vortex generating vanes are located at the exit of the vanes near the outer face of the fuel nozzle to eliminate entrapment of airborne particles. Vortex generator vanes are provided in the air stream path; these vanes lie on the surface of a cone which converges toward the nozzle exit. The vanes are at an angle to lines which would lie in a plane through the axis of the aforementioned cone along the surface of the cone, thereby to form a swirling air vortex at the nozzle exit.

Abstract: Hydrogen and chlorine are burned to form hydrogen chloride gas using an improved burner which generates a flame of a diameter not much greater than the burner cap diameter, thereby avoiding impingement on the walls of the combustion vessel.