Abstract: A crop harvesting machine is disclosed wherein a crop engaging reel is mounted forwardly of a disc-type cutterbar so as to pick up downed crop material and to pull it rearwardly over the cutterbar toward a crop conditioner. The cutterbar includes a plurality of bottom driven rotary disc cutter units and an individually removable arcuate shield over each disc cutter unit partially forming a floor to aid the reel in conveying the severed crop material to the crop conditioner and to prevent the cutterbar from recutting the crop once initially severed from the ground. The shields are positioned so that only the cutter blade projects beyond the forward peripheral edge thereof to sever crop material from the ground.

Abstract: A variable width tool attachment for use with a vehicle is herein described as generally comprising a complete tool which is split vertically and in the direction of vehicle travel to form two half tools. The two half tools are slidably mounted for mutual relative movement in the direction normal to the direction of vehicle travel, i.e, in the direction of tool width. A hydraulic ram cylinder or the like is operable to move the two half tools to form the desired width.In one form of the invention, a horizontal cutting header is provided with a chain cutter and a chain drive having at least one moveable idler sprocket to take-up and let-out chain in the width direction whenever the width of the tool is varied.

Abstract: An air-bearing supported, freely rotated spinning or twisting ring carrying a yarn traveler having radical and cylindrical air-bearings and an annular plenum cavity in at least one of the cylindrical air-bearing surfaces for generally open, unencumbered and continuous admission of pressurized air to the air-bearings. The air-bearings communicate through an annularly disposed mutually connecting enlarged air space. Time delay means is provided for reducing the air supply to the air-bearings at a selected predetermined time after de-energizing the power drive of the apparatus.

Abstract: The disclosed method of making a shape-stranded rope includes twisting large wires into strands by twining them in at least one layer about a core with a sheathing of a soft deformable material, plastic drawing of the strands, forming the strands into a shaped profile and twisting the strands into the rope. The plastic drawing is effected until every round wire of the strand acquires a wedge-like profile, with the wires adjoining the sheathing becoming partly embedded in this sheathing, and the strand acquires a substantially smooth peripheral surface. The method enables, while using round wires, to increase the structural density of the strands, and also to enhance the flexibility, strength and wear resistance of the shape-stranded rope, the rope manufactured by the disclosed method being usable by various industries.

Abstract: A method of operating a gas turbine plant which, at the side of the turbine, has a high pressure section and a low pressure section, each of which has connected forwardly thereof a respective combustion chamber and wherein the combustion air is pre-heated. The combustion air, prior to entry into the high pressure-combustion chamber, is initially heated in a pre-heater and thereafter flushes the inner wall of the housing of the high pressure section and thus heats the same. The outlet temperature from the high pressure section is chosen such that it corresponds essentially to the inlet temperature at the housing of the high pressure section. Furthermore, the outlet temperature of the combustion air from the pre-heater is maintained constant, independent of load changes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for recovering energy from a blast furnace exhaust gas by utilizing an axial-flow turbine. According to the method of the present invention, a blast furnace exhaust gas is first passed through a wet scrubber to remove dusts and form a saturated gas, and low temperature water is sprayed to the saturated gas to add condensed mists to the gas. According to this method, adhesion of dusts to a turbine can be effectively prevented. When large nozzles and large moving blades are used for the turbine for use in practising this method, adhesion of dusts and erosion of nozzles and moving blades can be effectively prevented.

Abstract: An automotive gas turbine engine includes a gasifier spool having variable iris control means for regulating air flow to a compressor supplying a primary burner that is operative to produce motive fluid for driving the gasifier turbine and to supply a thermally insulated pressure accumulator located upstream of a secondary burner that exhausts to a variably controlled power turbine nozzle of a power turbine and wherein control means are operative upon engine start to open the variable iris to the gasifier spool and to direct fuel to the primary burner until the gasifier turbine produces a desired pressure in the accumulator and wherein means are provided to sense the pressure within the accumulator and operative following attainment of the desired pressure to close the iris and reduce primary burner fuel flow to a predetermined minimum to maintain gasifier spool speed at between 85% to 95% of full design speed thereof; the control means further including a manual control to the variable power turbine nozzle t

Abstract: An integrated control system for a gas turbine engine is provided wherein the system includes fuel control means for metering the flow of fuel to the engine, position signal generating means for providing a position signal to control the fuel control means and biasing means for providing a signal to bias the position signal during a normal mode of operation. An interfacing means is provided to automatically limit the rate of change of the position signal in order to limit the rate at which the flow of fuel to the engine may be changed during a failed mode of operation when the biasing means is inoperative. A rate limiter means is also included within the control system to automatically limit the rate of change of the position signal in order to limit the rate at which the flow of fuel to the engine may be reduced during engine deceleration.

Abstract: A fuel control system for a gas turbine engine for an aircraft comprising two modes of operation, a first mode in which the net thrust of the engine increases with an increase in the forward speed of the aircraft and a second mode in which the net thrust of the engine is caused to decrease with an increase in the forward speed of the aircraft, a selectively operable control device such as a valve or a valve with a least wins device being provided for selecting one of the modes of operation at a time.

Abstract: An engine exhaust gas purification system has a secondary air system for supplying secondary air into the engine exhaust system. The secondary air system has an air metering valve and a switching valve. The air metering valve is operative to meter the secondary air supply in accordance with signals emitted by an air-fuel ratio sensor disposed in the exhaust system to detect the oxygen content of engine exhaust gases. The switching valve is disposed in the secondary air supply line downstream of the air metering valve to interrupt the supply of the secondary air into the exhaust system during a high load engine operation for thereby preventing the exhaust system and, particularly, the catalyst device therein from being overheated. The force to close the switching valve is strong enough to keep the valve closed against the counter-flow of engine exhaust gases from engine exhaust system back into the secondary air system.

Abstract: Seize is prevented between metal surfaces exposed to high temperature and corrosive gases by an antiseize coating layer. The coating comprises per 100 weight parts, about 10-30 parts chemically inert anti-seize particles that have a fusion point above about 100.degree. C. and are in the size range of from about 2-100 microns; about 5-25 parts of a polymeric binder resin that is adherent to metal surfaces; and the balance, a volatile solvent for the resin. The liquid coating is applied by suitable means, and dried by evaporating the solvent. At least a layer of the particles remains dispersed in the dried resin and provides the coating with its antiseize properties.

Abstract: The distributing device of a vehicle hydraulic control system comprises a distributor connected via hydraulic lines to a servomotor, a pump and a tank, the control member of the distributor being mechanically connected with the steering drive shaft, and further includes a hydraulic machine connected via hydraulic lines with the hydraulic distributor, the rotary member of this machine being adapted to vary the volume of the working chambers and being mechanically connected with the actuating member of the hydraulic distributor and with the steering drive shaft, the steering drive shaft being rotatable relative to the rotary member of the hydraulic machine within an angular play value providing for the preset displacement of the control member of the hydraulic distributor.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for converting solar energy to mechanical and electrical energy, in which refrigerant composition is alternately evaporated and condensed in a tubing by alternate exposure to heating rays of the sun, comprises two liquid containing reservoirs communicating with the tubing, valve means for alternately directing the evaporated refrigerant composition to displace the liquid from one reservoir to the other, and a pump driven by the liquid as it passes between the reservoirs.

Abstract: Method of and apparatus primarily for converting source heat to work characterized by a gas phase working fluid thermodynamic prime mover cycle of isentropic temperature rise followed by heat acquisition followed by isentropic temperature drop followed by heat rejection to a heat sink accomplished by a variety of embodiments. Although deemphasized herein, it is further characteristic that these same embodiments going through the same motions in the same directions will to a limited extent pump heat to the heat source at the expenditure of work should the temperature difference of the sink/source become smaller than required for prime mover operation. In this invention, heat is exchanged between the compressed working fluid and the hot body only and the expanded working fluid and the cold body only.

Abstract: A cycle controlled sliding valve in a heating chamber combustion engine is provided. The valve includes a piston disposed for reciprocal movement within a cylinder, a piston-extension disposed for movement within the cylinder, a connecting rod connected to the piston, a pinion carried by the connecting rod, and a rack engaged by the pinion. The rack engages the piston-extension such that the latter is capable of movement in the axial direction of the cylinder away from or towards the piston. Such movement is caused by the swinging of the connecting rod due to crankshaft rotation. A path is provided within the cylinder walls which leads to the heating chamber. When an opening in the piston-extension is aligned therewith, communication is established between the cylinder and the heating chamber. In operation, the path leading to the heating chamber will open later during the up-stroke and will close later during the down-stroke.

Abstract: In order to reduce the distortion of a servo booster housing in use the booster is provided with one or more force transmitting means which extend through the movable wall for transmitting reaction forces directly from the master cylinder housing to the vehicle bulkhead between which the booster is mounted. This enables a housing of lighter weight to be employed, and an overall saving in weight may be achieved.

Abstract: A master cylinder has a piston assembly, which includes two different diameter pistons, coaxially received in the cylinder body for slidable movement therein with the piston having reduced diameter portions at the opposing ends. A connection means, which includes a split sleeve and a cylindrical sleeve member retainer thereabout connects the two pistons by means of convex shaped portions which are located on the split sleeve which engage the reduced diameter portions of the pistons. A spring is provided between the piston assembly and connection means to normally urge the piston assembly to its return position.

Abstract: The invention relates to master cylinder and actuator assemblies in which a push rod connected to the actuator extends forwardly through a vehicle mounting member and is engageable at its forward end with a piston, there normally being a clearance between the push rod and the piston in their inoperative positions. Such assemblies suffer from the disadvantage that a desired working clearance is difficult to attain due to manufacturing tolerances. Embodiments of the present invention overcome that disadvantage and provide an assembly which includes a lateral projection (10) on the push rod (5), which projection limits rearward movement of the push rod relative to the mounting member (3).

Abstract: A turbocharged engine system has an internal-combustion engine whose exhaust gases drive a turbine at a speed generally proportional to the exhaust-gas pressure. This turbine in turn drives a supercharger that feeds air to the engine intake at a pressure that is generally proportional to the turbine speed. A bypass valve connected across the turbine is opened above a predetermined engine speed to shunt the exhaust gases around the turbine and thereby prevent excessive supercharging of the engine. The pressure of the engine exhaust gases is, however, decreased steadily and proportionately with increasing engine speed above a predetermined second engine speed to operate the engine with an intake-manifold pressure that is slightly below that at which knocking would occur for increased horsepower output.

Abstract: Some power plants may produce both power and process steam as output products and may be referred to as cogeneration power plants. This type of power plant may include at least one extraction type steam turbine in order to conveniently output process steam. Sometimes the available power plant steam supply is insufficient to satisfy both load demand and process steam requirements whereupon it may be desirable to prefer load demand over process steam requirements. The present invention is a control system for electronically implementing that preference.

Abstract: A hot fluid stream is cooled by contacting it, in indirect heat exchange, with a base cooling fluid so long as the base cooling fluid accepts heat rejected from the hot fluid stream and adequately cools the same. When the cooling capacity of the base cooling fluid is inadequate supplemental cooling is provided contemporaneously and indirectly by contacting the hot fluid stream with a secondary cooling liquid which is cold thereby heating the secondary cooling liquid. The heated secondary cooling liquid is delivered to a hot reservoir for storage. The hot secondary cooling liquid is later removed from the hot reservoir, cooled and delivered to a cold reservoir for storage. The cold secondary cooling liquid is removed when needed from the cold reservoir and again delivered into indirect heat exchange with the hot fluid stream when the base cooling fluid provides inadequate cooling for the hot fluid stream.The base cooling fluid can be a refrigerant such as ammonia and the secondary cooling liquid can be water.

Abstract: A closed circuit heating system which is capable of extracting either "high" grade (solar) heat or "low" grade (non-solar) heat from the surrounding atmosphere and then using it to heat air, water, etc., includes a first (external) heat exchanger in the form of a solar panel for heating a volatile fluid passing therethrough which is located outdoors so as to absorb both direct solar energy (when the sun is shining) and non-solar energy, a compressor, a second (internal) heat exchanger which is connected to heat air, water or some other fluid, and an expansion valve. A volatile fluid medium is circulated through the fluid flow conduits connecting the various elements.

Abstract: A device for the storage of hydrogen, comprising a container, two porous plates opposed parallelly to each other across a fixed distance and fastened to the inner wall of the container, heating/cooling members disposed one each outside the porous plates and separated by a fixed distance from the corresponding porous plates, and an alloy capable of storing hydrogen placed in the spaces formed between the porous plates and the heating/cooling members.

Abstract: An automatic chiller control is disclosed for providing a temperature sensitive load limit compressor control on a cooling water system, such as is used in buildings for air conditioning. The controller operates across at least one motor driven compressor and operates to adjust the vane inlet to a typically centrifugal compressor. Control is provided in discrete steps responsive to changes in cooling water temperature as the water typically returns from a building. The control when operated in the automatic position starts the chiller at minimum possible power consumption. Increasing load or unload of the chiller is provided in incremental steps (for example 5% of full load) at preselected time intervals (for example 10 minutes) which are typically adjustable to any other desired time span. The control seeks the required motor power output without waste of power.

Abstract: Temperature and humidity electrical/electronic control circuits and apparatus to maintain a room at a constant temperature and humidity. The control system is adapted to an environmental condition controller for year-around cooling utilizing a liquid recirculating to an outside coil for free cooling or free reheat dehumidification. The controls provide a sequencing function to actuate one or more temperature and/or humidity conditioners in response to the degree and percentage of change. The circuit provides a ramp function signal for proportional control over an initial temperature range of free cooling and step controls over other predetermined temperature ranges. The circuit comprises a high fidelity ramp generator linearly responsive to the degree of temperature change up to a predetermined set point. A dehumidification signal is developed and fed to the same ramp generator to carry out air cooling to remove moisture.

Abstract: An improved commercial cube/crushed ice making machine includes a refrigeration unit having a water-to-refrigerant heat exchange condenser operatively connectible to an external water supply for heating water therein. The condenser provides for improved efficiency in the refrigeration unit over a conventional air-cooled condenser. Also, the water heating capability of the ice-making machine preferably functions as a secondary heat source for the external water supply, thus providing savings in energy costs for the primary water heating source. Further, the heat exchange relation between the refrigeration unit and the external water supply is determined by an improved control system which is responsive to both a refrigerant pressure at the condenser refrigerant outlet, and the water temperature at the condenser water outlet for controlling water flow through the condenser while maintaining a pre-determined refrigerant pressure in the heat exchange means.

Abstract: A freezing refrigerator has a freezing box with side plates, top and bottom plates, and a back plate. Foodstuff products may be stored in the freezing box. The top, bottom and back plates are made of thermal conductive material. First and second envelopes are provided around the outer surfaces of the top and bottom plates. The top plate is cooled at a lower temperature by at least 5.degree. C. than the bottom plate. A heater is disposed on the outer surfaces of the top and bottom plates for purpose of melting the frost intensively produced on the inner surface of the top plate. The outer surfaces of the top and bottom plates have hydrophilic and smooth surfaces. The outer surface of the top plate is slanted downwardly toward the back plate with an inclination at approximately 10.degree. with respect to the horizontal surface. The defrosted water flows down along the outer surface. The outer surface of the top and back plates are provided with a receptacle for collecting water drops.

Abstract: Refrigeration apparatus for cooling inlet air for an internal combustion engine uses waste heat from the engine exhaust to heat a mixture of bis(2-methoxyeth oxyethyl)ether and chlorodifluoromethane to drive off the latter component into a flow path extending through a condenser, an expander and evaporators where it removes heat from the inlet air prior to being compressed and returned to be reabsorbed in the mixture in an absorber where heat is rejected. The said flow path includes heat exchanges to improve the thermal efficiency.

Abstract: A necklace is provided including an elongated flexible support member for encircling the neck of a wearer and the support member includes a predetermined portion thereof adapted to overlie the central chest portion of the wearer. The predetermined portion includes structure defining a journal and an axially short shank extends and is rotatably received through the journal and includes first and second ends which extend in forward and rearward directions, respectively, when the support member is being worn as a necklace. A gem stone is mounted on the first end of the shank member and the second shank member end includes radially outwardly extending lever structure supported therefrom for frictional engagement with underlying clothing or skin of the wearer and thereby is operative to effect angular displacement of the shank member and the gem stone relative to the journal responsive to lateral displacement of the journal relative to the underlying clothing or skin with which the lever structure is engaged.

Abstract: A spring loaded, axially slidable, adjustable coupling adapted at one end to fit over a drive means shaft, such as a motor, and adapted at the other end to fit over a driven shaft, such as a pump shaft, wherein this end can receive shafts of varying diameters. The device comprises essentially a hollow cylinder adapted at one end to fit over a drive shaft, a coil spring disposed in the cylinder, a groove formed in the cylinder for nearly its entire length, a second groove formed in the cylinder for nearly its entire length and located 180.degree. from the first groove, a locking device which extends into the two (2) grooves for positioning and holding the spring, and a second cylinder slidably disposed in the first cylinder for compressing the spring. The end of the second cylinder distant from the spring is adapted to fit over driven shafts of various diameters.

Abstract: The method for knitting stockings comprises laying two systems of warp threads on knitting needles by means of two sets of guide needles and knitting a continuous hose which consists of a plurality of serially arranged stockings. Each stocking is made by knitting, in a sequence, with one-bar tricot stitch from one system of warp threads, an overturned welt 6 of the stocking and with two-bar tricot stitch from the two systems of warp threads, a leg, a heel portion, a sole portion and pull courses. After knitting the pull courses of the stocking, a garterband portion is knit with the loop length which is at least equal to the loop length of a cylindrical portion of the leg.

Abstract: Device for a knitting machine operative to detect knitting needles having broken heads and to actuate a stop motion to shut down the machine. The device includes a needle sensing unit connected electrically to the stop motion and having a retractable sensor element for sensing broken needles, and a needle deflecting roller for deflecting unbroken needles away from the needle sensor element. An adjustable support bracket mounts the needle sensing unit and needle deflecting roller on a knitting machine to locate the needle deflecting roller in the needle path to contact the hooks of unbroken needles and to locate the needle sensor element in the needle path to contact the stems of broken needles. Needles having broken heads are not deflected by the needle deflecting roller, but are sensed by the needle sensing unit to activate the stop motion.

Abstract: A container locking system for vending machines, buildings, vehicles, or other containers comprising a door latch, a primary door lock assembly locking and controlling the latch, and a radio lock assembly comprising a radio transmitter, a radio receiver inside of the container, a solenoid operated when the receiver receives a signal from the transmitter, and a dead-bolt operated by the solenoid and preventing unlatching of the door latch except at times when the solenoid is operated by the transmitter whereby a thief who has a way of opening the door lock without force cannot open the door without noticeable forcible entry.

Abstract: A device for unlocking and locking of doors, particularly of motor vehicle doors, with a pump delivering low pressure and high pressure, the outputs of which are connectable via a two-way valve which is actuatable upon each unlocking and locking operation, respectively, with pneumatic positioning elements which act on the door locking mechanism and with electrical switches for switching the pump respectively on and off via a reversing switch, the electrical switches being actuatable by means of a door key and arranged in the several, lockable doors, the reversing switch being able to be switched-over by means of a delayed-responding actuating means. An additional pneumatic positioning element is provided as the delayed-responding actuating means, which additional positioning element is connected to an output of the two-way valve. The two-way valve and the reversing switch are actuatable by means of the additional positioning element.

Abstract: A key for a safety lock having two grooves on each flat side with pairs of identical grooves being located symmetrically opposed about the central axis of the key profile. The grooves (2,3) and the tumbler cams are fashioned in pairs with different dimensions, for the purpose of increasing the number of possible combinations. Thus, both the width and/or depth of a groove may be constant or variable.

Abstract: A rod in the form of a composite metal wire having a harder metal core surrounded by a softer metal cladding is introduced together with lubricant into a die comprising an approach which includes a first frustoconical opening defining a vertical angle between 0.degree. and 5.degree. (exclusive of 0.degree.) and a second frustoconical opening defining a vertical angle between 6.degree. and 20.degree.. The lubricant is pressurized in the first frustoconical opening of the die approach while the rod is drawn under fluid lubrication.

Abstract: An integral lubricating nipple is formed on a tubular member, first, by pressing a conically shaped hollow lug outwardly from the tubular member and then by applying rotatable pressure jaws against the conically shaped lug to provide the finished surface configuration of the nipple. While the pressure jaws are shaping the lug, a punching die cuts a lubricating bore through the outer end of the lug into its hollow interior. Compressed air can be supplied for clearing any material particles resulting from the punching of the lubricating bore.

Abstract: A forming machine (10) is disclosed as including a rotary drive mechanism (30) that provides accurate control of the degree to which forming is performed. The drive mechanism includes a pair of drive members (34) mounted for movement with a pair of elongated dies that are preferably embodied as die racks (22, 24) mounted on lower and upper bases (12, 14) of the machine. A toothed drive gear (32) is meshed with drive teeth (52) on each of the drive members and is rotatably driven by a drive spindle to thereby move the drive members and hence the dies in order to form a workpiece mounted between the dies. The drive mechanism has particular utility in a machine for forming a thin-walled annular sleeve of a workpiece mounted on a toothed mandrel (38) between the dies. An automatic loader is preferably utilized to mount the workpiece on the mandrel such that movement of the dies engages the die and mandrel teeth with the workpiece sleeve therebetween in order to provide the forming.

Abstract: A twist roller guide having a minimized overall length, including a guide box, a twist guide member having a twisted through hole for giving preliminary twist to the stock passing therethrough, and a roller holder consisting of a hollow cylindrical body portion and a pair of bearing plates extending forwardly therefrom to support a pair of twist rollers therebetween. The twist guide member consists of an enlarged head portion defining an inlet opening therein and a tubular body portion, the head portion being fitted in a bracket portion of the guide box formed adjacent to the rear end thereof. The body portion of the twist guide is fitted in the hollow cylindrical body portion of the roller holder, which is firmly supported in another bracket portion of the guide box formed adjacent to the front end thereof. The twist guide is beveled at the top and bottom of its exit end face so that it may be placed quite close to the twist rollers.

Abstract: A new rolling mill configuration providing improved performance and lower cost than is possible for conventional four-high and six-high mills.This mill configuration contains eighteen rolls and may be described as an improved six-high arrangement, the improvement being in the provision of side support assemblies for the work rolls, thus enabling smaller work roll diameters to be adopted than is possible with four-high or six-high mills, resulting in lower separating forces and thus a lighter and less expensive mill construction for a given duty.

Abstract: An extrusion punch, especially for use in a back extrusion process, wherein a hard wear resistant material is joined on one end to a steel punch body. The hard wear resistant material is joined on at the tip of a steel body so as to prevent wear due to abrasion on the punch caused by the material being extruded in a die means. The hard wear resistant end cap on the tip of the steel body is joined so that it may easily and quickly be replaced when the punch is in position on the machine thereby providing less down time for maintenance on the extrusion press. The method of joining the hard wear resistant end cap to the steel body minimizes the conditions which tend to fracture hard wear resistant material.

Abstract: Apparatus that is used to expand a collapsed hollow core of a damaged roll which includes an expandable bullet, uniformly expandable along its length by hydraulic cylinders, after being pulled into the core by means of a hollow piston ram and a drawbar. The bullet has an unexpanded cross-section of a football-like shape the area of which is about 10% less than the cross-sectional area of the hole in the undeformed core, allowing over expansion of the bullet which pulls the sides of the core in to form connecting chords. Add-on shells for larger cores are adaptable to the expandable base bullet.

Abstract: A die assembly comprises a steel casing shrink-fitted onto and holding a ceramic die nib for extruding, drawing, ironing and the like of ferrous and nonferrous metal stock, especially in hot workable condition. The assembly includes an interlayer between the nib and casing to accommodate imperfect dimensional mating of adjacent shrink-fitted surfaces of the nib and casing. The interlayer is composed of all-crystalline ceramic material having a heating liquidus temperature within the range of 500.degree.-570.degree. C. Rigidity of solidified interlayer maintains uniform shrink-fitted compression on nib during usage of the assembly. Nib and preferred lead-zinc-borate devitrified glass interlayer are easily, jointly removable from casing and leave casing clean for reuse without affecting its case-hardening properties.

Abstract: An instrument to accept multiple microbal samples and measure the gaseous products produced thereby as a function of time. Each sample module provides a closed reactional vessel communicating to a liquid reservoir from which displaced liquid passes to a vertical measuring column wherein it activates a float which moves a marker responsive to volume of gas produced in the reaction vessel. Plural sample modules are combined so that markers of all move in a parallel direction upon a recording sheet moved perpendicularly thereto to provide a record of gas formation as a function of time. The instrument is particularly adapted to measure the activity of a yeast activated fermentation process as in bread making.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the distance between a coating applicator and a backing roller that supports a moving web onto which coating material is deposited by said applicator, apparatus that improves distance measuring accuracy and avoids potential damage-causing physical contact with said backing roller.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring the flow stress and like characteristics of metals and other material especially at hot working temperatures. The specimen is struck simultaneously by projectiles of equal mass but unequal velocity. The velocities of the projectiles and the dimensions of the different indentations produced upon the specimen by the projectiles are terms in the formula by which the flow stress is calculated. A formula requiring only two projectiles is adequate for many materials; one requiring three projectiles may be better for materials that show work-hardening when they undergo strain at high temperature. The projectiles may be propelled pneumatically or by contact with a driven lever. Alternatively the projectiles may be in the form of masses carried as pendulums.

Abstract: A mass and force meter locked over its measuring system and comprising a frame, a load support, and a force transmission channel with a load-dependent force transmission ratio and at least one swivel lever is provided, in which the combination of the non-linearity of the measuring system with that of other elements of the meter can be eliminated with a force transmission channel having a non-linear characteristic, such a channel having a smaller resilience than the known meters coupled with a better adaptability to meeting the requirements for the parameters determining the non-linearity to be eliminated and with easy adjustment of these parameters, the swivel lever being connected with at least one adjacent element of the force transmission channel by means of a link having one of its ends fitted to the swivel lever, the link being mounted at least partly outside the action line of the force transmitted and being at least zone-wise elastically bendable.

Abstract: A tool for testing earth formations which is divided into upper and lower pivotable sections to alleviate the problem of becoming differentially stuck. A unique pivot structure incorporating sample chamber seal valve assembly, is provided.

Abstract: A length of conduit is coupled at its ends to a heat sink. A pair of thermocouples are joined to the conduit at spaced points intermediate the ends of the conduit. A closed loop of heat conductive material contacts the conduit midway between the thermocouples. The conductive material is heated, and heat is conducted to the conduit. The thermocouples produce outputs representative of the flow of fluid through the conduit.

Abstract: A gyroscope which has a spinning fluid filled annulus as an inertial angle rate sensor is compensated for inertial drift by resolving an output signal from the sensor into acceleration proportional components related to the gimbal axes and the component related to the inner axis is applied to the outer axis, and the component related to the outer axis is applied to the inner axis to cancel out the effects of drift.