Abstract: An apparatus for relieving static subterranean water heads surrounding subterranean walls which includes a perforated hollow sleeve arranged to extend through the subterranean wall and into a surrounding static water head. The sleeve has distal and proximal ends, with a plurality of spaced perforations being formed in the wall of the sleeve substantially along the length thereof. The distal end is tapered substantially to a pointed tip, and the tapered tip portion is of generally solid construction. A flanged coupling means is formed adjacent the proximal end for coupling water conduits internally thereof. When desirable, an imperforate sleeve means may be provided adjacent the proximal end for rendering a portion of the perforated hollow sleeve adjacent the proximal end substantially watertight, thereby protecting paneling which may be pre-positioned in the subterranean wall.

Abstract: A structural panel such as a door for a railway freight car has a lightweight core formed by two sheets of low density material e.g. balsa wood. Each sheet has bonded to one side a series of layers of glass fibre, and the sheets are bonded together in confronting relationship to form the panel. The glass fibre layers extend around the edges of the panel which edges are further reinforced by a channel-shaped plastics edging member.

Abstract: An expansion joint cover comprises at least one elongated frame assembly which includes a base member having a bridge-supporting rib adjacent the gap and a cover-supporting flange spaced laterally outwardly from the rib, the cover-supporting flange having an upwardly open groove and an abutment located laterally outwardly from the groove, relative to the expansion gap. A cover member having, in cross-section, a web portion, a bridge-supported flange extending down from the underside of the web portion adjacent to the gap and generally vertically above the rib of the base member and a retainer rib extending down from the underside of the web portion, is fastened to the base member of the frame assembly by longitudinally spaced-apart, generally U-shaped spring clips received on the retainer rib of the cover member and in the groove of the base member.

Abstract: Panel and batten systems are disclosed wherein a plurality of battens are provided in the system, each batten having brackets supporting a gutter in the batten, and the system is further characterized by having the brackets relatively movably guidedly connected in the batten with substructure, and by having a batten cover connected with the brackets in the batten for bodily expanding and contracting longitudinally while supported by the brackets in the batten and covering the gutter and ends of panels in the system which form sides of the batten.

Abstract: Sheet metal building facing elements, a plurality of which can be assembled and fastened to buildings to present a smooth front. Each element at its upper and lower edges has bent upper and lower tongues forming complementary shapes of V-cross-section, and at its side edges has bent portions of different configuration. The bent tongues and bent side portions enable assembled interengagement of the various edges of adjacent facing elements. There are also facing elements configured for use on building corners and window and door recesses.

Abstract: To ensure positive inter-engagement of the free edge of a male rib at one side of a roof or wall cladding sheet with an internal shoulder formed in, and longitudinally of, a female rib at one side of an identical sheet, the said free edge has a series of outwardly displaced abutments formed on it so that engagement between the two is confined to those points at which the abutments are placed.

Abstract: Three-dimensional structures are made of open or closed profile structural beams, said beams being connected perpendicularly to each other at all multiple joints and joined by an end face plate of said beams with cubic multiple joints. Such three-dimensional structures possess extremely good bearing property, said bearing capacity amounting to two and a half times its elastic limit so that these structures can compete economically with three-dimensional truss structures.

Abstract: A semiautomatic-automatic strapping machine can be used in the automatic system as well as in the semiautomatic system. An arch having an arch guide is fitted in a longitudinal gap of a table for its lower part and above said table for its arch part in the automatic system and said arch is disassembled and a band projection guide and a band inserting guide are fitted to said longitudinal gap of said table, at the position of said band projection guide front of said receiving part and said band inserting guide behind said receiving part in the semiautomatic system.

Abstract: There is disclosed a new and improved envelope processing machine. The machine includes a supply hopper for retaining a quantity of envelopes to be processed, an envelope processing station, means for removing envelopes from the supply hopper and for transmitting the removed envelopes to the envelope processing station, and envelope opening means at the processing station including a pair of reciprocating envelope gripping means arranged to grip and separate opposite panels of an envelope to facilitate the removal of the contents therefrom. The envelope gripping means include bending means for bending the envelope panels inwardly as the envelope panels are separated for displacing the envelope contents from the envelope panels towards the center of the opened envelope. As a result, the envelope contents are disposed within the opened envelopes in a position which enables convenient grasping of the contents by an operator.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for automatically making a spiral wrapped unitary package having a ring type or tied closure. In the apparatus a series of loads, each containing a plurality of units are fed one load at a time onto a turntable adjacent a material dispenser with the leading edge of the material from the dispenser being formed into a rope-like configuration by a roper mechanism and held by a clamp mechanism mounted on the turntable. The material is opened to its full web width, stretched and is spirally wrapped around the load at which time it is again formed into another rope-like configuration by the roper mechanism, and is positioned adjacent the leading edge where it is mechanically joined to the leading edge of the material by a ring type or tied closure. The roped material is then released from the clamp mechanism mounted on the turntable and the material is allowed to return to its memory position.

Abstract: A clutch and brake apparatus (2) includes a drive member (8) and a driven member (14) axially fixed to drive member (8). An array (50) of friction discs (52 and 54) is axially movable in a clutch chamber (22) in driven member (14). Friction discs (52) continuously engage drive member (8). Springs (48) force array (50) into engagement with thrust surface (60) on driven member (14) to couple driven member (14) to drive member (8). The driving connection is broken by a movable shell (66) which engages against the lowermost friction disc (54) through pins (74) to selectively move array (50) downwardly against the force of the springs (48). Shell (66) is moved downwardly by fingers (86) which also engage against a brake pad (76) on shell (66) to stop rotation of driven member (14).

Abstract: An air distribution system for a cotton harvester which permits use of a common air conduit to feed two cotton conveying ducts. An air distribution nozzle distributes an input flow of air from the air conduit between a jet nozzle associated with one of the conveying ducts and an outlet that is connected to a second jet nozzle associated with the other conveying duct.

Abstract: This is a combine conveyor apparatus having a combine auger conveyor apparatus of this invention mounted on a conventional combine structure. The combine auger conveyor apparatus includes a feeder auger conveyor assembly which transfers cut wheat or the like to a feeder slat conveyor assembly which, in turn, conveys the cut material into a threshing cylinder assembly. The feeder auger conveyor assembly is known in the prior art having spiral flights on a cylindrical support driven to move the material to the center thereof and having a central auger retractable finger assembly to move the material into the feeder slat conveyor assembly. The feeder slat conveyor assembly includes a first sprocket assembly connected by a feeder chain and slat assembly to a second sprocket assembly.

Abstract: A multirow harvester header including a plurality of rearwardly converging crop dividers defining a plurality of crop receiving passageways therebetween. Each passageway has a corresponding pair of conveyors for conveying the crop through the passageway. As a means of conserving space in the area adjacent the crop receiving throat of the harvester, the crop engaging endless loop belt of one of the conveyors of a first and second pair of conveyors terminates substantially forward of the endless loop belt of the opposed conveyor with which it coacts to convey crop. A crop divider houses the short terminating conveyor and has a rear tip extending substantially beyond the rear end of the forward terminating endless loop belt. The tip provides enhanced positive feeding of the crop in the adjacent passageway by maintaining crop stalks in engagement with the opposed conveyor beyond the termination point of the forward terminating conveyor.

Abstract: A machine for harvesting the overground foliage of a row crop growing in a field. The machine has a plurality of stripping wheels each for harvesting and disintegrating the foliage in one row of the crop. Each stripping wheel is arranged in a casing having an obliquely upwardly directed outlet, and produces an air stream for transporting the disintegrated foliage up through the outlet of the casing. In order to attain great cutting efficiency per time unit and keep the harvested material as clean as possible, the machine has a collecting channel connected at one end to an ejector pipe. The collecting channel extends above the stripping wheel casings which are arranged in a row one beside the other and whose outlets extend obliquely upwards in the same direction towards the ejector pipe and open at intervals one after the other into a lower portion of the collecting channel.

Abstract: Adjacent links of a chain are releasably locked together by a pin, which is inserted through the pivot joints of the chain. The pin has spaced apart shoulders which engage the outer surfaces of the outer links at the pivot joints when the pin is fully inserted in the links. The pin has a front end which is compressible to permit passage of the forward locking shoulder through the inner and outer links of the chain.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving the efficiency of an integrated combined cycle Brayton-Rankine engine is disclosed. The engine has a main power turbine operating on an open-loop Brayton cycle. Its air supply is furnished by a compressor independently driven by the turbine of a closed-loop Rankine cycle which derives heat energy from the exhaust of the Brayton turbine. A portion of the exhaust gas is recirculated into the compressor inlet during part-load operation. The recirculation of exhaust gas improves the efficiency of the engine at part-load over that which would occur with only ambient temperature air entering the compressor. Also, the controlled application of exhaust gas recirculation improves the dynamic response of the engine to demands for changes in power output and is predicted to reduce the emission of polluting nitros oxides from the engine combustor.

Abstract: An installation for producing compressed gas or mechanical energy contains an aircraft jet engine, the exhaust gases from which are used to heat a steam generator. A heat exchanger cools the exhaust gas to atmospheric temperature. The steam generator can provide steam for a steam turbine driving the compressor which compresses the exhaust gas to the final pressure. A gas turbine without a useful turbine or a second jet engine can be disposed between the heat exchanger and compressor and its exhaust gas can be used to heat a second steam generator. An additional heat exchanger cools the gas to atmospheric temperature and the compressor compresses it to the final pressure. The compressor can also comprise the compression stage of a gas turbine without a useful turbine or the compression stage of an aircraft jet engine having an expansion stage which drives a useful turbine producing mechanical energy. The expanded exhaust gas from the useful turbine can be used to supply heat for an additional steam generator.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for minimizing the infrared radiation emitted at the aft end of a bypass fan type turbine engine. Minimization is accomplished by ducting cool air from the secondary bypass airstream through an annulus to form a sheath of cooler air around the gas stream as it is discharged from the engine tailpipe. The sheath of air educted along the inside surface of the engine tailpipe minimizes infrared radiation in two ways. First it reduces the operating temperature of the tailpipe thus keeping radiation therefrom to a low level. Second, the cool outside air becomes entrained in the hot gas stream discharged from the turbine. This results in a reduction of the effective temperature of the gas plume and suppresses infrared radiation therefrom.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the amount of secondary air fed into an internal combustion engine includes means for controlling the response speed of a secondary air flow control means in accordance with the amount of exhaust gas emitted from the engine. Thus, the equivalent air-fuel ratio can be correctly controlled, without delay, in response to changes in the operating condition of the engine.

Abstract: A counter-rotating turbine for converting energy from waves. A turbine is positioned in a pneumatic-type wave energy converter and converts the energy of alternating air flow above the internal water surface into mechanical energy. The turbine has counter-rotating runners and guide vanes located both upstream and downstream, and the alternating air flow in the energy converter excites the turbine runners after being turned by the guide vanes.

Abstract: The invention concerns reciprocating-piston engines, especially hot-gas engines or compressors, wherein thin plates (2,4) having a height corresponding to the piston stroke are arranged within the working chamber on the piston and on the cylinder head and mesh with one another during the entire piston stroke. The heating or cooling medium is conducted outside of the engagement zone of the plates (6) and heats or cools the plates at the cylinder head by heat conduction (arrows 7), wherein the plates on the piston are likewise heated or cooled by direct action, and the operating medium assumes the temperature of the plates by being exposed to strong turbulence in the narrow gaps. Argon is indicated as an economical operating gas for hot-gas engines.

Abstract: A brake booster mechanism comprising a casing, one or more pressure responsive power walls in the casing, valve mechanism associated with the power wall and being movable relative thereto to control the differential pressure across the power wall, an actuating member connecting the pedal for manually moving the valve mechanism, an output member for connecting the power wall to a brake master piston, a brake feel reaction member having a compressive member interposed between the actuating member and the output member with a play clearance with respect to the actuating member in the retracted position of the booster mechanism, and adjusting thread member for regulating the play clearance whereby during initial stage movement of the actuating member is opposed by no brake reaction force through the compressive member until the actuating member becomes in abutment against the compressive member past the clearance.

Abstract: A two step pressure intensifier system consisting of three piston-cylinder units in coaxial arrangement, the first unit being a low pressure medium supplied to it to jointly move the pistons of all the units. The initial movement employing the second unit for a moderate pressure increase and the final movement bringing the piston of the third unit into its cylinder for a high pressure increase.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with an exhaust-gas turbocharger, particularly a mixture-compressing internal combustion engine, in which a bleeder valve is provided which during the operation of the internal combustion engine in the partial load range conducts the exhaust gases in bypassing relationship to the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger.

Abstract: A system for regulating the rate of closing of the turbine intake valve of a steam turbine plant is disclosed. A steam turbine is supplied from a steam generator through a turbine intake valve. A branch line conducts the steam to a bypass valve which is normally closed. In the event of conditions making it necessary to close the turbine intake valve rapidly, a regulator is provided to control the rate of closing of the turbine intake valve and the opening of the bypass valve so that the pressure conditions in the steam generator do not exceed the limits established by the manufacturer. Pressure measuring instruments are placed in the system to sense the pressure immediately upstream from the turbine intake valve and the bypass valve as well as the initial steam supply pressure. These pressure signals are transmitted to a computer which produces a control signal in accordance with predetermined conditions.

Abstract: A combustor assembly having improved performance at low engine power operation and at altitude relight includes an annular combustion chamber, two fuel sources, and a premixing passageway having an outlet positioned adjacent either the inner and outer annular well of the combustion chamber. A perforated baffle is disposed across the outlet of the premixing passageway, the outlet being in gas communication with the combustion zone. In a preferred embodiment, for low power operation, such as for idle or for altitude relight, fuel from a first source is sprayed directly into the combustion zone. During this low power operation a localized stagnation region is created adjacent the fuel source which acts as a continuous ignition source for the combusting fuel-air mixture within the combustion zone. For high power operation such as takeoff, climb and cruise, fuel from a second source is injected into the premixing passageway where it is atomized by air entering the passageway from the compressor.

Abstract: Combustion apparatus for reducing objectionable exhaust emissions from gas turbine engines comprises a hollow conical member with an air inlet and fuel injector at its narrower end, the wider end being open into a combustion chamber, the wall of the conical member having a number of orifices for the throughflow of air, the orifices being directed tangentially into the interior of the conical member to impart a swirl to the mixture of fuel and air from the air inlet and fuel injector within the conical member.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for the recovery and removal of natural gas from a mine by liquefying and collecting the gas within the mine, and then transporting the liquified gas to the surface in a mobile tank. Natural gas is withdrawn from bore holes in a coal mine and liquefied using liquid nitrogen. A unique apparatus permits both the liquid nitrogen and the liquefied natural gas to be contained within a same insulated tank, enhancing the portable characteristics. Liquid nitrogen and its vapor are used to cool the natural gas so as to separate water and CO.sub.2. Means are disclosed for controlling the cooling by the cryogenic liquid by regulating the venting flow rate of its vapor in response to the pressure of the liquefied natural gas. The disclosed system eliminates the need for extensive piping and on-site pumping associated with conventional degasification processes.

Abstract: A self-contained air-conditioning system for a vehicle, adapted to be mounted on the vehicle roof. The air-conditioning system includes an air refrigeration system comprising compressor, evaporator, condenser and fans operatively associated therewith, an auxiliary electrical generator, independent of the main vehicle electrical system, and an auxiliary gasoline engine for driving the refrigeration compressor and the auxiliary electrical generator. A circuit provides electrical power from the auxiliary generator to the refrigeration system fans and also provides supplemental electrical power from the auxiliary generator to the primary electrical system of the vehicle.The self-contained air-conditioning system may also optionally include remote control means for controlling and monitoring the system.

Abstract: An economical energy-saving air-conditioning system for cooling air in an enclosure requiring year-around cooling. An outdoor heat exchanger is operative in a recirculating liquid closed-loop cooling system. A temperature controlled actuator provides continuous free cooling when the outside temperature is approximately 35.degree. to 40.degree. F. or less; and provides free pre-cooling of the air when the outside temperature is in the 35.degree. to 65.degree. F. range. The closed-loop comprises conventional components for summer temperature cooling; and, in less-than summer temperatures the present invention utilizes the outside heat exchanger to provide cool heat exchange liquid to a (free) cooling coil positioned to confront the air stream in advance of a refrigerant coil. Reheat for dehumidification is provided in an embodiment wherein thermal energy is taken from the waste heat of the refrigerant system.

Abstract: A heating installation in which heat from the environment is fed to a consumer by means of a heat pump while the compressor of the heat pump is driven by a turbine which is located in the circuit of a further heat carrier which is heatable by a heat source, the energy of which in case of need is directly transferable to the consumer of the heating installation.

Abstract: A refrigerated show case has a cold air flow for refrigerating the interior of the show case circulated through a duct disposed along a bottom wall, rear wall and top wall of the show case and across a front opening thereof. Frosting and flow-regulating devices including a plurality of net-like plates is disposed upstream of an evaporator within the duct so that air sucked into the duct is forced to frost on the frosting and flow-regulating devices when it passes through the frosting and flow-regulating means.

Abstract: A device is providing for cooling a stored material and then for later use of the cold thus stored. The device includes a tank containing a liquid such as water which is frozen by means of a reflux condenser heat pipe.

Abstract: A passage to supply the coolant and impellers having scraper vanes extending toward the surface of said passage are arranged in proximal relation to each other in a space for housing the liquid to be cooled. At least one of the coolant passage and the impeller is made movable in relation to the other. By the relative movement of the passage and the impeller, the motion of forcibly removing the cooled liquid from the heat exchange portion of the passage surface and the motion of supplying the high temperature liquid to the said heat exchange portion are repeated.

Abstract: Warm food products are chilled to a sanitary storage temperature approaching 0.degree. C. without dehydration by introducing them into a cold humid 100% humidity chamber. The humidity is regenerated by spraying refrigerated water and the products are passed through a chilling chamber on a conveyor belt with a spiral path configuration.Various cabinet features reduce input energy and provide sanitary conditions, such as supplying sanitary water, and filtering droplets of water from the cold moist air to avoid contamination or product disfiguring drip. Provisions are made to prevent a moving conveyor belt from carrying warm air into the chiller or from carrying cold air out of it as it passes continuously through the chiller cabinet. All lubricated mechanical equipment is mounted external to the food processing chilling chamber and access doors are provided for sanitation. The water spray chamber and water flow paths are simply sanitized by replacing the water with a detergent solution.

Abstract: A locket assembly utilizes a locket body and a hingeable cover thereto having a disengageable clasp member to secure the cover to the body in a closed position. The locket face may be solid or have a transparent portion so as to permit viewing of an indicia-bearing sheet disposed within the locket. A portion of the locket extends outwardly of the outermost surface of the body and is provided with a threaded hole for engaging a coupling element adapted to couple to other locket bodies in a string-like fashion. Each locket is provided with a plate hingeably secured to the rearmost surface of the locket and having a spring causing the plate to pivot in an outward position relative to the rearmost surface of the locket.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a universal joint having two joint yokes. There is a ring having two pivot pairs on it with each pivot pair being for the two arms of a respective yoke. A hub is defined centrally of one yoke, and the hub extends through the ring. A telescoping shaft extends through the hub and through the ring and the shaft is connectible to an object to be joined by the joint. The shaft rotates with the hub and its respective one yoke. The other yoke is connectible to the other object that is to be joined by the joint. In a further embodiment there is a series of two of the universal joints. The hub of each joint receives the same common shaft.

Abstract: The supply portion to a thread supply drum is pivotally located on the holder for the drum, to pivot about an axis transverse to the axis of rotation of the drum; this supply portion carries a thread brake 24, an inlet eye 27, and a further inlet guide element 26. Preferably, the supply portion is removably located on the holder 1, for example by means of a plug-and-socket connection, a slide-in dovetail joint, or the like. Pivotal connection permits compensation for short-time tension peaks arising, for example, upon yarn drag, and combination with a stop-motion switch.

Abstract: To permit ready disassembly of thread sensing and thread brake elements from a yarn feed device, the thread sensing, thread guiding and thread brake elements are, selectively, secured to a separate attachment or housing which is connected to the holder by means of a slidable shoe-socket arrangement which, additionally, carries the contacts for the stop-motion system of the machine so that, depending on yarn being used on the machine and supplied by the device, the supply guide element can be suitably assembled to the machine without disassembly of the thread feeding devices including the thread supply drums as such; or the stop-motion switches coupled to stop-motion sensing elements can be individually maintained or replaced.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating yarn ends while plaited in unstressed condition on a conveyor belt. In different portions of a machine the treatment consists in fixing dye-stuffs printed upon the yarns and drying the yarns after fixing and subsequent washing. A pair of rolls form a nip through which the conveyor belt and the plaits thereon pass upon leaving each of the treatment means. Yarn pulling means pull the yarns from the nip and off the belt, applying tension against the reaction of the nip without applying stress to the plaits advancing toward it.

Abstract: The slider for a slide fastener of the invention has a locking device as built in the front half portion thereof with a key hole open upward, and a support member for a pull tab is composed of upright leg portions standing at or near the rear and the front ends of the slider body, one of the leg portions positioned at or near the front end being provided with a key guide leading to the keyhole of the locking device and an arm spanned between the leg portions. With this construction of the locking device and the support member for the pull tab, advantages are obtained that the slider body is raised always at the leading end of it by pulling the tab obliquely so that the sliding movement of the slider receives no resistance by the depression of the leading end onto chain element rows and that the placement of a key in the key hole is not hampered regardless of the position of the pull tab.

Abstract: An antitheft device for two-wheeled vehicles includes a U-shaped fork whose central portion is articulated on the vehicle. The two branches pivot about an axis defined by the central portion in planes substantially parallel to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle. In a first position, ends of the branches are located near respective sides of a wheel of the vehicle. In a second position the ends are located on sides of a support member. In a third position the ends of the branches are located to the rear of the vehicle. In each of the positions, a locking member, preferably in the form of a bar removably connects the two ends. The locking member includes a key operated lock whose bolt cooperates with an orifice or bore near one end of the U-shaped fork, the orifice or bore acting as a keeper for the bolt.

Abstract: An emergency release for key operated deadlocks includes a ram rod for forcing a deadbolt out of a keeper so as to allow a deadlocked door to open under emergency conditions. The release further includes a yieldable element disposed between the key operator for the deadbolt, which yieldable element deforms as the deadbolt is forced back by the ram. An alarm is activated upon operation of the emergency release to discourage intruders from trying to open the door with the emergency release. Preferably, the rod is advanced by a rack-and-pinion arrangement which is operated by a wire coiled around a spool.

Abstract: Apparatus for pivotally interconnecting a force applying member to an apparatus for repairing and straightening is disclosed in its preferred form for use in repairing and straightening the body and frame of a vehicle. The disclosed apparatus includes a small cylindrical pivot member mounted in a first stationary position located adjacent the front of an apparatus for repairing and straightening and second and third small cylindrical pivot members mounted to a tram movable within the apparatus for repairing and straightening. A force applying member in the form of an elongatable pull tower is shown together with a connector arm which extends from the pull tower to a point adjacent to the pivot member. A clamp member and a ring sleeve type bearing are provided according to the present invention to pivotally mount the connector arm to one of the pivot members.

Abstract: A device for testing smoke detector alarms comprises a base housing upon which is mounted an extendable telescopic assembly comprising three tubes, with the top tube having a combustible pellet mounted at its upper end. The pellet is composed of a substance that smolders upon heating rather than flaming or exploding. The housing contains electrical batteries wired in circuit with a heating element mounted adjacent the combustible pellet so that a switch can be operated to heat the heating element and cause the pellet to smolder so that smoke emerges from the pellet. The testing device can be placed in the extended position and the pellet held near a smoke detector and burned to ascertain whether the smoke detector alarm is functioning properly. After use the testing device can be placed in a compact storage position by sliding the extendable telescopic tubes so that they fit within each other.

Abstract: A system for in situ testing of fluid meters is disclosed in which two 4-way valves utilized in combination with a by-pass line such that with the valves in a first position, all the supplied fluid flows through the meter and, in the alternate position, the entire flow of fluid is through the by-pass system completely isolating the meter. In addition, one port of each valve leads to a test connection which is in line with the meter when the valves are in the alternate or by-pass position. This effectively removes the meter from the line and allows test equipment to be connected across the meter for calibration, verification, or other tests to be performed. The valves are preferably designed to operate in unison and such that during position switching, flow is initiated in accordance with the position to which the valve is being switched before flow in accordance with the original position is terminated.

Abstract: An apparatus for feeding carrier gas at a constant rate to on-column injectors for capillary and micropacked gas-chromatographic columns. The apparatus includes a constant pressure gas delivering device in operation during the sample injection, and a constant rate gas delivering device in operation during the sample processing stage inside the column. The two devices are connected in parallel and a switch controls the alternative operation of the same.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of determination of the change in subsurface structure of the earth resulting from the application of fluid pressure at a selected point, at a selected depth, in the earth, by measuring at least one physical parameter of the contour of the subsurface of the earth above the point of application of fluid pressure. The method involves positioning a plurality of tiltmeters on the earth above the point of application of fluid pressure arranged in a known array, and measuring the change in angle of tilt of the earth's surface at the point of placement of each sensor while varying the pressure and flow rate of fluid into the earth at the selected point.

Abstract: An analysis of the concentration of the individual components of a sample is obtained using a chromatographic analyzer where the concentrations of the individual components or the sensitivity of the detector to the individual components vary over a wide range. The sample is injected into a first chromatographic column and trace components of interest are eluted to a detector for measurement. The major components are backflushed, diluted, provided to a second chromatographic column and then eluted to a detector for measurement. The dilution of the major components ensures the linearity of the detector response. Analysis of both the trace components and major components is thus provided.