Abstract: An improvement in a data link, such as is used for continuously transferring data concerning operations of textile yarn forming machines such as ring spinning frames, wherein a transmitter and receiver each use particular combinations of oscillators and phase locked loop circuits to function as frequency synthesizers.

Abstract: An improved dual stage-dual mode combustor capable of reduced emissions of nitrogen oxide from a combustion turbine is disclosed. The combustor includes two combustion chambers separated by a throat region. Fuel is initially introduced and ignited in the first chamber. Thereafter, fuel is introduced near the downstream end of the first chamber for ignition and burning in the second chamber. Burning in the first chamber is extinguished by shifting the fuel flow to burning in the second chamber and after termination of the flame in the first chamber, fuel is reintroduced into the first chamber for premixing only with burning in the second chamber. By selectively controlling the percentage of fuel introduced into the first stage, low emissions of nitrogen oxide are realized.

Abstract: A plurality of blocker door vanes are disposed in the bypass duct to selectively close off the bypass flow and increase the flow and pressure of the air flowing into the compressor. In this way, the compressor inlet pressure can be increased sufficiently to allow air starts without starter torque assist. The vanes may also be closed down during ground idle to reduce the thrust and increase the compressor bleed pressure and both the pressure and the temperature of the air to the combustor. Provision is made for the controlling of the blocker door vanes as a function of core speed.

Abstract: A turbo fan engine has a fan gas duct surrounding the exhaust or primary gas stream. The primary gas stream leaves the engine through a plurality of nozzles terminating within the fan gas stream. The nozzles are positioned so that mixing of the two gas streams is accomplished and, when utilized with a pair of clam shells for thrust reversing, cool air from the fan stream cools the inner surface of the clam shells and insulates the inner surface from the hot primary gas stream. The mixing of the streams is accomplished substantially within the fan gas duct.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for operating an engine having a cylinder and a piston reciprocable therein on compressed gas. The apparatus comprises a source of compressed gas connected to a distributor which distributes the compressed gas to the cylinder. A valve is provided to selectively admit compressed gas to the cylinder when the piston is in an approximately top dead center position. In one embodiment of the present invention the timing of the opening of the valve is advanced such that the compressed gas is admitted to the cylinder progressively further before the top dead center position of the piston as the speed of the engine increases. In a further embodiment of the present invention a valve actuator is provided which increases the length of time over which the valve remains open to admit compressed gas to the cylinder as the speed of the engine increases.

Abstract: A hydraulic system includes an actuator and a motor driven pump. A servo-control valve adjusts the displacement of the pump and provides a stable response to pump output pressure variations. The servo-valve is adapted for the addition of a control piston which operates against the spool of the servo-valve to modulate its operation in response to a moderate pressure drop across a restriction placed in the line from the pump to the actuator.

Abstract: A diesel engine which may, for example, be a V-12 engine, is provided with a turbocharger having two sections, a turbine section which receives exhaust gases and which drives the associated compressor section. The turbocharger increases the input air pressure to the input manifold of the diesel engine up to several times atmospheric pressure. Both the turbine section and the compressor section of the turbocharger have adjustable vanes to vary the coupling with the exhaust gases, in the case of the turbine section, and with respect to the input air in the case of the compressor. An associated control circuit senses the temperature at the inlet to the turbine (the engine exhaust temperature), the speed of the engine, and the engine inlet manifold pressure, and adjusts the orientation of the turbine and compressor vanes for optimal engine performance, while avoiding cavitation or "stall" conditions in the compressor.

Abstract: A turbosupercharging system for internal combustion engines, both otto cycle and diesel cycle, simultaneously varies the geometry of both the compressor discharge diffuser housing and the turbine inlet nozzle housing in a fixed relationship. The geometry variation is preferably accomplished by a single actuator which is positioned for optimum turbomachine geometry by a control responsive to selected engine parameters such as engine output torque demand and/or internal combustion engine volume flow. The variable geometry turbosupercharger effectively changes the size of the machine for varying engine operating conditions resulting in increased efficiency over the entire engine operating range.

Abstract: There is provided an improved energy converting system for converting low temperature heat energy into mechanical energy. The energy converting system includes an absorption system including a carrier fluid and a working medium absorbable by the carrier fluid. Evaporator means receives the low thermal energy and converts the working medium from a liquid to a gas. The gaseous working medium is then absorbed by the carrier fluid, and the concentrated mixture of working medium and carrier fluid goes into a separator wherein the medium and fluid are separated by compression. A condenser means is provided for removing heat from the gaseous working medium and thereby converting the gaseous working medium into a liquid. Energy converting means are provided associated with one of the above means for converting the energy in the system into other forms of energy, such as into mechanical energy.

Abstract: This invention relates to a procedure for converting low-grade thermal energy into mechanical energy in a turbine for further utilization and a plant for implementing the procedure. The procedure according to the invention is characterized in that a low-grade heating medium and a first cooling medium are evaporated in a heat exchanger (A). The steam is carried to a turbine (T) for energy conversion and moist steam is carried from here to a heat exchanger (B) for condensing. The condensate is pumped back to the heat exchanger (A), i.e. the steam turbine circuit.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for a gas turbine engine having a step-liner configuration and providing a double wall defining an annular confined cooling air flow passage along the outer surface of the chamber. The outer wall of the double-wall configuration is provided by a concentric cylindrical baffle member supported in radially spaced relation from the combustion chamber wall by a plurality of leaf spring members providing a biasing force between the combustion chamber wall and the baffle member so that relative thermal growth between the combustion chamber wall and the baffle can be accommodated by deflection of the support springs or by axial sliding between the springs and the chamber wall.

Abstract: In an operating method for refrigerating machines which is disclosed, a variation pattern of an air-conditioning load on a prearranged day for refrigerating operation and a variation pattern of ambient temperature on the prearranged day are predicted. A period for refrigerating operation on that day is properly divided into plural time intervals. Priority ranking is allotted to those time intervals on the basis of the ambient temperature predicted. The refrigerating machine is operated in accordance with an operating pattern set on the basis of the priority ranking.

Abstract: The present application discloses a control device for an ice making machine to make ice by circulating ice-making water to an ice making member having a refrigerating system, said control device comprising a timer circuit to be operated simultaneously with or with a delay after the start of an ice making operation and adapted to control a period of time during which an ice making operation is performed, a temperature sensing element whose impedance varies with the variations of the ambient temperature around the refrigerating system, so that an input voltage applied to the timer circuit may vary with the variations of an impedance of the temperature sensing element, thereby to automatically control the period of time during which an ice making operation is performed, whereby the thickness of ice made when one cycle of an ice making operation is completed, may be maintained constant at all times.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a compressor, a condenser fan, and an evaporator fan simultaneously energized by a temperature control system which includes a thermistor located to sense the average temperature of the cabinet air and a potentiometer manually adjustable to a desired temperature set point. The on or run time of the compressor and fans is controlled by the thermistor sensed temperature with respect to the set point. The duration of the run time is measured by a resettable counter. The off time is adaptively controlled within a predetermined range which minimizes energy consumption while maintaining good temperature control. An off time counter, which is used to determine the duration of the off cycle, is incremented when the measured run time is less than a desired minimum, is decremented when the measured run time is greater than a desired maximum, and maintains the prior off time when the measured run time is within a desired range.

Abstract: A heat pump, driven by a free piston engine, wherein a refrigeration type of heat transfer unit is used and no externally energized electric motors are required but could be used, if desired. The engine is larger in horsepower than would be required for driving the compressor of the unit only, as it also provides power for driving one or more gas driven or other motors for forcing air through heat exchangers. This arrangement requires substantially less total energy than a unit requiring external electrical energy for operating portions of the heat pumps in that the extra heat in the exhaust from the larger horsepower engine is utilized in a heat exchanger to supply extra heat to the space being heated by the heat pump's primary heat supplier.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in a self-contained air conditioning unit for controlling the operation of a door. The combination of pins extending from the door and slots defined by the end surface of a casing provide lost motion rotation operation of the door. Additionally, a friction wedge is provided which both secures the door in any of a range of positions and further serves to allow the door to open a predetermined amount when the unit is energized and air flow is discharged through the opening covered by the door.

Abstract: Cube or flake ice is provided by spraying atomized water against the bottom of a mechanically refrigerated plate or against a revolving disc disposed in facing contact with such a suface or with a wall of a freezing compartment of a household refrigerator, the water mist impinging on the surface freezing on contact to coat the surface and fill any concavities with ice, which is loosened to drop into a collecting bin by a defrosting cycle effected either by causing the flow of refrigerant in refrigeration tubing embodied in a stationary plate to be reversed in periodic, sequential order among several sectors in the plate, or by the action of a revolving disc carrying ice formed thereon continuously past a sector which is heated electrically or by incorporation of refrigerant condensing coils to produce in continuous or semi-continuous manner cubes, chips or flakes of ice.

Abstract: A controlled temperature shipping assembly is disclosed which comprises a container, a plurality of liquid retention members and temperature control means. The container includes both an outer protective layer and an inner insulating layer. The outer protective layer and the insulating layer define a shipping cavity containing the liquid retention members and the temperature control means. The liquid retention members are removably positioned in the shipping cavity such that at least one surface of each of the liquid retention members is in direct contact with at least one surface of the temperature control means. The temperature control means are positioned in the shipping cavity such that the temperature of each of the liquid retention members can be controlled below predetermined levels.

Abstract: A setting and a method for mounting precious stones and the like therein is provided with a mounting having at least two rows of at least two adjacent cavities with connecting portions therebetween and configured to receive stones with the peripheral portions thereof extending over contiguous connecting portions. A deformable securing slot is formed at each connection portion by fixing at least one elongated support member to the setting between the rows of cavities in alignment with the connecting portions with the longitudinal axis thereof normal to the top surface of the setting and by fixing a deformable securing rod at intermediate points to the other ends of the support member to dispose same parallel and spaced from the top surfaces of the setting. The slots are then deformed to admit the stones and to secure them in place.

Abstract: A shear pin coupling comprises two coupling parts which are normally interconnected by a shear pin. Upon overload, the shear pin fractures and the parts can rotated relative to one another. After fracture, the shear pin is advanced to re-interconnect the coupling parts by a spring-loaded plunger. The shear pin and the plunger are shaped to prevent displacement of the shear pin in a direction other than its lengthwise direction. The end of the pin may, for example, be conical for this purpose.

Abstract: The method includes guiding two systems of warp threads to the knitting needles by two systems of thread guides, and moving the latter to knit the main loop courses and additional loop courses which are made between the main loop courses and which are shorter than the latter, with the two systems of the thread guides being moved during the knitting of the additional loop courses along the front presented by the knitting needles, behind the backs thereof and, through steps which are longer than the steps through which these thread guides are moved during the knitting of the main loop courses. The apparatus of the invention comprises a circular warp-knitting machine having knitting members, a mechanism for actuating the annular thread guide bars along the front presented by the knitting needles, and a mechanism for positive feeding of the warp threads of each system.

Abstract: A needle selection mechanism in a hand-operated knitting machine in which collisions of parts are minimized to reduce production of noises is disclosed. The mechanism comprises a patterning data carrier mounted alongside a needle bed and a pair of needle selector units mounted on a carriage and each including first and second drums each having a set of tiltable data storing elements mounted thereon. A set of patterning data are applied from the data carrier to each selector unit to be stored thereon when the unit passes the carrier which is fed from row to row when the carriage passes it. During a movement of the carriage on the needle bed, a preceding one of the selector units effects selective actuations of movable knitting needles in accordance with the data stored thereon.

Abstract: Apparatus for randomly coloring a pile fabric material includes a preconditioning unit for pretreating the fabric to be dyed with a wetting agent, a conveyor for conveying the pretreated fabric continuously through a series of operating stations including a gum applicator for application of a viscous gum coating and thereafter to a roll dye applicator for application of a first dye color which penetrates the gum coating prior to being set. The first dye color is of a relatively low viscosity, much lower than that of the gum, to allow said dye color to overrun the tips of the yarn. The tips of the yarn remain relatively undyed by the first dye color which settles mostly at the lower base position of the carpet yarn.For application of additional dye colors, additional successive dye applicators may be used. In such event the dye colors applied are different visosities. The first applied dye color is preferably of a viscosity greater than that of the second applied dye color and may be included within the gum.

Abstract: A cylinder lock which includes plate tumblers in a lock cylinder and a locking channel arranged in a lock casing wherein, when the key is pulled out (locked position of the lock), spring-loaded plate tumblers engage with their locking ends into the locking channel up to an extension length determined by locking stops. The lock casing is provided with an escape channel diametrically opposed to the locking channel for enabling a free resetting motion of the plate tumblers with their counter ends during an insertion of the key. The plate tumblers have, in their key cutouts, tumbler edges arranged at levels corresponding with an associated key cutout depth and, with a key being inserted (free position of the lock), can be reset into the lock cylinder. Stops are provided for limiting the resetting motion of the individual plate tumblers in the escape channel at insertion depths and a varying arrangement of the blocking stops is made in dependence upon a height of the respective tumbler edge.

Abstract: A double pin tumbler cylinder for a security lock in which a pin tumbler rotates in a cylinder housing. The cylinder housing is composed of an axial stack of discs punched from a sheet of chrome-nickel steel. The individual discs are soldered or welded together to constitute a rigid element. The discs have a tang portion in which an opening is made so that the assembled stack defines a channel for receiving a bar of chrome-nickel steel for additional reinforcement of the cylinder. The bar has an enlarged central portion with a threaded bore for receiving a locking screw.

Abstract: A gauge and tension control system for a tandem mill comprises a delivered strip thickness deviation calculating unit for detecting output strip thickness at each of rolling stands, a tension calculating unit for arithmetically determining interstand tensions between two adjacent rolling stands on the basis of armature currents of drive motors and rolling loads at every rolling stand, a memory unit supplied with the output from the delivered strip thickness deviation calculating unit and detecting rolling speed values to thereby produce input strip thicknesses at every rolling stand, an optimal control unit for arithmetically determining optimal speed control quantity and press-down control quantity on the basis of the outputs from the delivered strip thickness deviation calculating unit, the tension calculating unit, the memory unit and a rolling schedule, a speed controller for controlling the speeds of the roll drive motors in dependence on the speed control quantities and a press-down controller for contr

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for the drawing of wire-like elements, such as, wires, rods, tubes, and the like. The method employs the use of macrosonics for deformation of the wire. The use of hydrodynamic lubrication together with the macrosonic drawing process substantially increases the permissible drawing speeds. Apparatus for performing the method includes a horn having a drawing die and a properly dimensioned channel for permitting hydrodynamic lubrication disposed therein.

Abstract: A method for making decorative emblems, plaques, or panels comprising flow coating a clear, fluent plastic material onto the surface of a decorated substrate. Flow coating is accomplished with a multiple orifice nozzle (or nozzles) which is passed over the surface of the decorative substrate at a steady speed to give a uniform thickness coating of 0.020 to 0.030 inch. The flow coated fluent plastic is then cured and the coated decorative substrate is stamped to form slightly convex emblems, plaques, or panels.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for expanding cylinders for work hardening, especially for large diameter cylinders and cylinders of great length, are disclosed. The cylinder is clamped between two flanges and a shaft is inserted coaxially through the cylinders and through the flanges to reduce the force applied axially to the flanges while pressure is applied to the interior of the cylinder. Various arrangements for adjusting the position of the flanges to accommodate for expansion of the cylinder are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing a formed member, and a formed member which includes spherical fragments embedded in a metallic matrix is effected through cold annular or round forming. The spheres are arranged in the interspace between a basic support member, which may be a thin-walled inner casing, and an outer casing. Working of the outer casing causes the material of the support member and the outer casing to be pressed into the spaces between the spheres, densifies the support member and the outer casing, and prestresses the outer casing and spheres, thus allowing the inner casing to be extremely thin-walled. The prestressing of the spheres and outer casing, together with the inner casing imparts a high degree of energy to the casing fragments and to the spheres, affords economies in manufacture and a substantial increase in fragmenting energy at detonation of the formed member.

Abstract: A mill comprises at least one rolling stand with rolls having congruent lengthwise arranged forming elements, a drive stand and apparatus for locally heating a sheet metal at its portions to be transversely deformed or corrugated. The apparatus for locally heating the sheet metal includes inductors and a cam mechanism adapted to move said inductors up to and down from the sheet metal. The distributing shaft of the cam mechanism is connected through a transfer mechanism with one of the rolls of the rolling stand. The gear ratio of the transfer mechanism is equal to the number of the forming elements of one of the rolls of the rolling stand. The mill is simple in construction and easy to re-adjust when producing sheet panels with another spacing between the deformed portions or corrugations.

Abstract: A process for cold extrusion forming a metal tube with thickened end portions, including positioning a short, tubular blank in a die having an extrusion die throat, and pushing the blank through the die throat with a punch. The punch is formed with co-axial extension portions of successively smaller diameter. Thus, the first extension portion is closely fitted within the blank, while the second extension portion is aligned within the die throat as the punch end pushes the blank towards and through the die throat to thereby form the tube lead end thickened end portion. Further pushing of the blank by the punch takes place while the first extension is aligned with the die throat to thereby extrude the relatively thin wall middle portion of the tube. Next, the punch is removed, and a second blank is inserted within the die against the trailing end of the first blank.

Abstract: A method of producing a vibration attenuating material having the steps of forming a multiplicity of grooves in the surface of a ductile raw material and subjecting the raw material to a drawing or rolling work to form a multiplicity of minute friction interfaces in the surface region of the vibration attenuating material. An improved vibration attenuating performance is ensured by a suitable selection of numerical values of factors such as relationship between the maximum depth of the friction interface and the thickness of the vibration attenuating material, pitch of the friction interfaces and so forth.

Abstract: A tool for radially crimping a piece of electrical conduit or the like with opposed crimping dies having concavely curved die cavities. Dies of one type are held releasably within die holders, one of which is movable toward the other. The tool also may be used with a different type of dies which are adapted to seat within the die cavities of the first dies. The first dies thus may be used selectively either as dies or as die adaptors.

Abstract: A pair of elongated generally parallel mounting members are provided and a plurality of laterally spaced elongated transverse guide members extend between the support members. The opposite ends of the transverse guide members and the support members include coacting clamp and guide structure supporting the guide member ends from the support members for adjustable shifting therealong. The coacting clamp and guide structure is operative to releasably anchor the guide member ends in adjusted shifted positions along the support members and each of the guide members includes an anchor post supported therefrom, shiftable longitudinally therealong and releasably anchorable in adjusted position, the posts being disposed generally normal to a plane paralleling the mounting members and guide members.

Abstract: A calibration apparatus and method is presented for calibrating an ultrasonic extensometer which is used to determine the average level of stress in a bolt or stud. The calibration apparatus uses linear displacement transducers and force measuring apparatus to accurately determine the stress-strain relationship of a bolt or stud. Simultaneously, readings on an ultrasonic extensometer strain measuring apparatus are monitored, and the ultrasonic extensometer is calibrated in accordance with the linear transducer and force measuring readings.

Abstract: An electronic measuring apparatus for measuring the rate of an analog-display electronic watch which comprises a quartz oscillator, a frequency divider with an adjustable division factor, a stepping motor and a circuit which, when the stem of the watch is pulled, produces a measuring signal emitted by the stray field of the coil of the stepping motor and comprising trains of pulses whose period and content are respectively representative of the frequency of the oscillator and the division factor. The measuring apparatus comprises a pick-up means for detecting said measuring signal, circuits for computing the rate of the watch and means for displaying said rate.

Abstract: Liquid testing apparatus includes a testing cell formed by a vertical bore in a metal block. A flow path for liquid being tested is provided in the cell and the liquid is passed through a restriction, such as a mesh filter, obstruction to flow being measured as the temperature is varied. A preferred use of the apparatus is in testing aviation fuels, when the temperature is gradually lowered. When wax crystals begin to form in the fuel, the impeded flow of fuel through the mesh will indicate this change of state, and this temperature will be the minimum usable temperature of the fuel.

Abstract: In an apparatus for the measurement of the thickness of a sheet through the use of air bearings, the apparatus has a stationary housing, a member in the housing capable of being extended in a direction substantially perpendicular to the sheet, and a fluid ring bearing capable of directing fluid to impinge the member in a substantially omnidirection which is substantially perpendicular to the direction of extension of the member.

Abstract: A crown release pressure tester for testing the pressure that is required for a crown carried on a container to fail or if the crown is leaking. The device includes an elongated housing which has a bore extending therethrough. The top portion of the container which has the crown that is to be tested threaded thereon is severed from the container and secured to the top of the housing in axial alignment with the bore. A piston threadably carried in the bore is rotated to increase the pressure imparted through liquid and compressed air until the crown releases from the top of the container. The pressure that the crown releases is recorded on a pressure gauge.

Abstract: A simple fuel consumption efficiency gauge employs a pointer mechanically coupled to the extremity of a Bourdon gauge. The pointer is electrically coupled to vehicle ground and is bracketed by two contact posts associated with high and low fuel consumption efficiency, respectively. Contact by the pointer with either post completes an electrical circuit through a corresponding light emitting diode to signal good or poor fuel consumption efficiency. When the pointer is between the contact posts, current is continuously supplied to another light emitting diode through a load in order to signal fair fuel consumption efficiency. The device is housed in a casing adapted for connection to similar casings by means of clips and clamps.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring the performance and condition of various cylinder components of internal combustion engines through the provision of a transducer for detecting the time-rate-of-change of pressure within the cylinder during normal operation of the engine and a circuit for processing and quantizing the transducer signal to develop a numerical indication of pressure changes within the cylinders. The system also includes a tachometer circuit and display apparatus as well as an optional memory and processor to facilitate a comparative analysis of the various cylinders at varying speeds.

Abstract: A tool for testing earth formations in bore-holes provides a failsafe function for retracting the sealing pad of the formation isolation device, in the form of elements operable in response to failure of down-hole power supply for the tool to effect release of hydraulic setting pressure on the seal pad. The tool further provides a formation mini-sample chamber of variable volume with elements permitting aboveground monitoring and control of same independently of any other tool function. The mini-sample chamber control device also controls the operation of a formation fluid sample flow line valve. The tool is divided into upper and lower pivotable sections to alleviate the problem of becoming differentially stuck. A unique pivot structure incorporating sample chamber seal valve assembly, is provided. A unique sand screen device is provided to permit the tool to function when working with unconsolidated formations.

Abstract: For recording precipitation at a remote station, a vertically mounted pipe is divided into an upper section (into which rain and snow fall) and a lower section. In the upper section is an overflow module consisting of a casing having openings in its bottom communicating with liquid in the upper section so that liquid level inside the casing is at the same level as in the upper section. An overflow pipe extends up from the lower section and through the bottom of the casing. A float and bellows is fixed to the upper end of the overflow pipe and an upper extension pipe is fixed above the bellows. Wires fixed to the upper extension pipe are attached to bi-metallic spirals which work against the bellows. Thus the elevation of the liquid inlet at the upper end of the upper extension pipe is temperature responsive. The upper member is initially partially filled with an anti-freeze solution to the level of the liquid inlet.

Abstract: A temperature detecting device having rapid temperature sensing characteristics and with a fully protected temperature sensitive element. A transistor pellet potted in a resin casing having at least one thin wall is mounted in a metal protective tube in thermal contact provided through a small amount of filler material of high thermal conductivity. A heat collector is disposed around the protective metal tube in close thermal contact therewith. The edges of the heat collector are held in position against ribs formed on an insulating casing by engaging members of a protective ring which fit into corresponding notches formed in the upper portion of the ribs. Protrusions formed on the protective member prevent its rotation and removal hence making the device essentially tamperproof.

Abstract: A rigid stem dial gauge, such as a thermometer has an assembly which connects the thermometer stem to the pointer shaft and permits the two parts to be disposed at a range of angles to each other. The assembly comprises a pair of cylindrical housings, one mounted coaxially and rotatably within the other, the inner housing being connected to the thermometer stem shaft of the gauge and the outer housing being connected to the pointer shaft. The stem and the shaft are interconnected by a flexible drive accommodated within the housings.

Abstract: A liquid proportioning container consisting of a main reservoir and a measuring vessel, the latter being so calibrated that when filled with one liquid to a specified level and its contents added to the main reservoir, and the main reservoir then completely filled with another liquid, said liquids will be mixed in specified proportions. The measuring vessel may constitute an intrinsic portion of the main reservoir, such as a pouring spout or a liquid filtering device therefor or may constitute an integral portion of the main reservoir.

Abstract: A method of testing a product for the detection of the presence therein of a defect such as a void or an inclusion, comprises cutting the product and examining the resultant noise for the presence therein of an acoustic component representative of the presence of the inclusion. The method is applied to the processing of metal into slabs, bars, rods, wire strip etc., where the ends must be cropped to remove defective material, specifically to the continuous processing of strip metal where metal strips are joined continuously end-to-end, and where the ends of each strip as rolled may include undesired inclusions such as slag. A leading end piece is cropped by a shear, and the cropping of such pieces is continued until the testing method shows that the material at the place of the cut is free of the undesired inclusions.

Abstract: A microprocessor-based ultrasonic inspection system reliably detects fatigue cracks smaller than 0.030 inch under installed fasteners by means of a unique signal-processing method. The signal-processing used in this invention takes advantage of the fact that crack signals "walk" in time as a transducer moves around a fastener. Bolt size, scan depth, and angle of incidence of an ultrasonic shear wave are used to determine the "walk rate" of a defect in the inspection zone. With this geometric information, the signal-processing technique will enhance any pulse-echo return "walking" at the computed walk rate, and thus significantly improve the ratio of crack signal to other signal sources in the material.

Abstract: Sensitivity of an electromagnetic ultrasonic probe for transmission-reception or for reception is maintained at a fixed level by first obtaining the relationship between the resonance frequency and the transmission-reception sensitivity in the range between the maximum and the minimum lift-offs and then electrically creating a relationship therebetween having an inverse frequency-sensitivity characteristic to said frequency-sensitivity characteristic and electrically adding said two relationships together.