Abstract: This invention relates generally to mobile carpentry and drafting devices and, more particularly, to an integral combination type device which is capable of performing multiple geometry measuring functions within a single instrument. The invention relates specifically to a unique combination of independent carpentry functions into a single device to replace separate tools heretofore required to perform individual functions. The Squareangle may be used to check surfaces for plumb and levelness; check inside and outside squareness; find the center of a circle, square, or octagon; mark 45.degree. and right angles; scribe lines; measure distance; and perform other geometry and drafting functions without the aid of additional devices.

Abstract: A drafting aid particularly useful for association with T-squares and the like wherein a vertical or normal datum point is easily obtained and wherein the drafting aid is movable about the extent of the T-square or other linear edge with which the device is used. In an exemplary embodiment the drafting aid comprises a vertically oriented member in association with a ruler or the like comprising the linear edge and the combination is associated with a T-square so as to have not only a means of aiding in the placement of vertical reference lines but also a means of ease of measuring distances between vertical reference points or lines.

Abstract: A shoe has a preformed lower portion which is molded preferably from plastic material, and which has on its top surface, around the upper peripheral edge and slightly inward thereof, a plurality of downwardly directed slots for receiving a selected upper of the shoe. The selected type of upper is suitably sized in advance and has at the edge of the depending sides thereof a plurality of substantially V-shaped extended sections providing a serrated edge for insertion into the slots in the top surface of the lower portion of the shoe. The upper is retained in the lower portion of the shoe by staples or nails inserted into the lateral edge thereof through the extended sections. The slots are preferably V-shaped and the lateral edge preferably extends above the top surface so as to cover the top of the sections of the upper.

Abstract: A flexible sole that can be attached by a skater to his roller skates to immobilize the wheels and provide a sole surface for relatively normal walking. The sole includes an elongated sheet with releasable mounting members at opposite ends. The mounting members may be attached to the skate in such a manner that the sheet is drawn tautly over the wheels. The wheels are engaged by an upper surface of the sheet while a bottom surface functions as a relatively stationary walking surface.

Abstract: A grubbing plow mounted on two lower arms and an upper attachment point of a 3-point tractor hitch includes a frame having (1) a horizontal pivotal bar journaled at opposite ends thereof on the lower hitch arms; (2) an upper crank arm; and (3) a lower member. The pivot bar is pivotally mounted for rotational movement about a horizontal axis. The upper crank arm and lower member are aligned and oppositely directed from the pivot bar.A knife-edged, V-shaped blade is rigidly attached to the lower end of the lower member and lies in a plane perpendicular to the length of the lower member.A hydraulic cylinder is connected between the upper attachment point and the upper end of the upper crank arm for forcibly swinging the blade in an arc around the axis of the pivot bar to engage and remove roots encountered within said arc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bucket intended for excavators or loading machines, said bucket having a gripping tool arranged to grip and hold objects such as light or cable poles in order to raise the poles. The tool comprises two claws which are built into a special box in the bucket and which are hydraulically controlled from the machine itself.

Abstract: A working machine which is intended for demolishing and excavating work comprises a chassis, an upper part carried by said chassis and arranged for rotational movement relative thereto about a vertical axis, and an arm arrangement carried by the upper part and including a jib structure which is connected at one end thereof to the upper part and the other end of which carries, via an intermediate arm, a fitting for a tool, such as an excavator bucket, a chiseling device or like tool. The jib structure and the intermediate arm are connected to the upper part and to each other respectively via pivots and can be pivoted in a vertical plane by means of first and second pressure piston-cylinder devices active between the upper part and the jib structure and between the jib structure and the intermediate arm respectively. The jib structure is divided into a first, short jib section which is pivotally connected to the upper part, and a second, longer jib section which is pivotally connected to the first jib section.

Abstract: A method for making an irregularly configured endless metal frame and fixedly attaching a sheet of flexible material thereto.

Abstract: An electrically illuminated sign has a box-like frame with a front face opening and encloses a message plate displaying a message unit through the opening. A separate opaque border strip circumscribes the message unit of the message plate forwardly overlying the same and being forwardly engaged by a frame flange. Opposite side parts of the border strip have directional signal openings formed therethrough normally exposing a contrasting coloration of the message plate therethrough and selectively slidably removable cover strips are positioned between the message plate and border strip covering the border strip directional signal openings with a coloration matching the border strip. The sign may be attached to a mounting surface by a two-piece mounting bracket having a first part secured to the frame and a second part securable to the mounting surface with the bracket parts having slidably interfitting dove-tail portions securing the parts.

Abstract: A reel mounting handle having a reel foot holding member slidably disposed in a guide member extending from a reel mounting portion. The holding member is of a cross shape in cross section, the upper and lower major projections being extended out from the openings longitudinally formed in the guide member. The guide member is formed with a bore along the length thereof to slidably receive the holding member. The bore has substantially the same cross sectional shape as that of the minor projections of the movable member. The major projections are formed with threads at the peripheral end surfaces thereof, respectively to engage a sleeve rotatably disposed adjacent the reel mounting portion.

Abstract: A toy mechanical carousel top having a base stand on which a turn table is rotatably mounted to rotate relative thereto, and which turn table is rotated by a drive that includes a driver and a unidirectional clutch assembly actuated by a reciprocating plunger. One or more animated figures are connected to the turn table so as to be retained on the turn table as it rotates, and which figures can be rendered readily detachable therefrom. A musical sounding device is operatively associated with the turn table to emit a pleasing sound as the turn table turns.

Abstract: A roller skating doll is disclosed. The doll has a roller skate attached to each foot, and the skates are in turn driven by motors positioned in the adjoining legs. The legs and one foot of the doll are articulated and may be secured in various positions so that the doll may skate on both legs or skate balanced on one leg. A skate may be fixed in different steering positions so that the doll may progress forward or in a circle. The skate drive motors are remotely controlled and are energized alternately in a fashion that emulates the movements of a human roller skater. An alternate embodiment is also disclosed which permits the skates to be removed from the doll.

Abstract: A switch mechanism for use in an electronic toy having a printed circuit board, a portion of which has a pattern of printed wiring with contacts thereon. A body of conductive resilient material, disposed in the housing of the toy with the printed circuit board, has a base portion with an opening therein. Part of the base is a bridge across the opening, having a push button and a web flexurably connecting the push button to the base. The body is disposed in juxtaposition with the board portion over the contacts with the push button extending through an opening in the housing to present an end of the button which, when depressed, causes a connection to be made between the board contacts through the conductive material of the body for operating the electronic circuits of the toy. A plurality of push buttons may similarly be disposed as part of individual bridges on the base for operating different circuits of the toy when depressed.

Abstract: A floating hydroponic apparatus is provided along with a hydroponic system using the hydroponic apparatus. The floating hydroponic apparatus has a floating hydroponic tray having a floating base portion and a tray portion. The floating base portion is made of a lightweight cement and has floating perimeter walls along with a polymer screen attached between the floating base portion and the tray portion. The floating base portion and tray portion form a plurality of openings therethrough for the passage of liquid. An alkaline resistant coating is applied to at least a portion of the tray. The tray portion is filled with a soil mixture supported by the polymer screen so that plants can be grown in the soil in the trays while the trays are floating upon a liquid reservoir. The trays can be used in conjunction with a hydroponic system having pools with specially designed lightweight concrete walls forming a habitat for marine life.

Abstract: A container (2) such as a plant holder is provided with formations at its lower end to enable it to be stacked on other such holders in a staggered formation so that none of the supporting containers need be closed off. The containers are polygonal, so that they can be interlocked in edge to edge formation A or corner to corner formation B. Drain holes are provided so as to enable the upper containers of an array to drain into the lower ones and then to supporting trays (3).

Abstract: A slidable door assembly for opening and closing an opening or entranceway including a hanger plate having hanger and up-thrust rollers thereon, a door panel fixed to the hanger plate, and a support structure disposed above the door opening. The support structure includes a hanger track upon which the hanger rollers travel, and a horizontally oriented guide or bearing surface which co-acts with the up-thrust rollers. A door stabilizer is fixed to the door panel, adjacent to its trailing edge, with reference to its closing movement, which includes a roller whose rotational axis is disposed outside the vertical projection of the door panel. The roller of the door stabilizer co-acts with a guide surface, which may be the same guide surface used by the up-thrust rollers, to protect the up-thrust rollers from excessive force, and prevent untracking of the hanger rollers, when a force is applied to the leading edge of the door panel.

Abstract: An air-powered sander is made up of a housing with a compressed air motor within it and designed for driving a sanding pad. The sander has a system for clearing dust, produced on sanding, from the pad. This system is made up of an impellor wheel freely turning on a motor shaft in the housing. On the two sides of the impellor wheel two groups of blades are present. A nozzle, joined with the airway for supplying the motor with compressed air, is used for directing at least one air jet against one group of the blades on the wheel. The other group of blades, on the other side of the wheel, is designed for producing a dust/air current for clearing sanding dust from the pad. For this purpose a dust take-up space is present extending from the pad to a position near inner ends of the second group of blades on the impellor wheel.

Abstract: A cryogenic deflashing apparatus is provided specifically adapted to remove residual flash from relatively large molded articles in a continuous high production deflashing operation. The apparatus incorporates a modular deflashing housing wherein entry, pre-freezing, blasting, and exit of multiple articles is accomplished simultaneously in discrete serially aligned operational compartments. A novel article conveyor transport mechanism is additionally provided which permits the transport speed of the articles through the various compartments to be independently varied during operation to maximize production efficiency.

Abstract: An abrasive article comprising a plurality of separated abrasive agglomerates distributed within a matrix of undulated filaments is provided. The invention also provides a method of making an abrasive article comprising forming, within a lofty open web comprising undulated filaments bonded at points of mutual contact, a plurality of separated abrasive agglomerates to provide an abrasive agglomerate-impregnated web. Articles may be prepared of the agglomerate-impregnated web per se or by laminating layers of the web together preferably under pressure. Exemplary articles include abrasive wheels, discs, belts, sheets, blocks and the like.

Abstract: A multistation blast processing machine has a conveyor formed as a wheel (2) for workpieces (6) held in several receiving chambers (5) by means of holding devices (13, 13a). Two workpieces (6) are held in axially spaced relationship in each chamber and are conveyed by cyclic rotation of the wheel (2) to two blast processing stations (8, 8a) and into one loading and discharging station (7). The chambers (5) distributed evenly over the periphery are separated by walls (9) attached to the wheel (2) so that they form, with the surrounding blast housing (1), closed blasting chambers (10) in the area of the blast processing stations (8, 8a). This permits blast processing of the workpieces (6) in two stations even during the drum processing, discharging and loading of the workpieces in the third station.

Abstract: Building roofing of the composition type. Members are combined with composition roofing material to provide the effect of shadow lines which enhance the appearance and aid the attachment of the composition to the underlying roof structure.

Abstract: There is described an apparatus for automatically boxing cylindrical goods with the same size, with means for aligning said goods and move same by gravity to a filling station, as well as means for discharging the filled boxes. A suitable box is also described.

Abstract: A roller chute apparatus for packaging a flexible plastic bag filled with liquid in a box has four stacks of rotatably supported vertically spaced rollers. The four stacks extend a substantial depth into the box around the inside of the box sidewalls forming two pair of mutually opposing stacks. A first pair extends above the open top of the box and cooperates with the second pair in guiding the bag into the box. The second pair extends above the top of the box with opposing stacks being mutually spaced a greater distance than opposing sidewalls of the box, thereby forming a funnel-like opening with the first pair. A driver roller is substantially located above and adjacent to the top of the box forming an angular transition between each of the portions of the second pair extending above and below the top of the box.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided by which bag forming material is obtained by feeding sheet material (2) together with male and female closure elements (5, 6) to a nip between guide roller (3) and pressure rollers (9, 10) at which adhesive is applied from nozzles (11, 12). The resulting material assembly is fed by drive roller means (14, 15)to an accumulator (16) on a continuous basis and then intermittently over a forming shoulder (21) into a tubular form (22) while maintaining the closure elements (5, 6) at a predetermined distance apart before the forming shoulder (21) by means such as grooves (19) in guide roller (18) and locating the closure elements (5, 6) in predetermined positions facing each other downstream of the shaping shoulder by suitable means (23) which may include rotatable guide elements. The tubular form (22) is drawn through the apparatus by transverse reciprocating sealing bars (26) and a pilfer proof closure can be provided by vertical sealing bars (25).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for handling of containers of the type having a sleeve with one open end and a substantially closed end having an opening therein, and having a displaceable plunger sealingly engaging the inside wall of the sleeve and being displaceable along the axis thereof between the open and closed ends. In accordance with both the method and apparatus, the plunger is assembled in the sleeve and is displaced toward the closed end thereof having the opening therethrough, and the container is then filled with a suitable filling material through the opening simultaneously as the displaceable plunger is moved away from the opening, thereby allowing the material to be injected freely into the container without having to evacuate air therefrom.

Abstract: A package wrapping machine has a frame supporting a power driven rotary horizontal shaft with a turret plate member on the end of the shaft supporting two spaced tine banks; a stack of package components is clamped between the tine banks by pneumatic cylinders on the turret plate moving one tine bank toward the other. The end of a plastic film web W extending from a roll on the frame is clamped to the package components when they are rotated a predetermined number of rotations to effect the wrapping of the package components; a hot film cut-off means severs the web of plastic film from the wrapped package following the wrapping of the package and a pusher plate between the tine banks is extended by a cylinder to kick the completed package from between the tine banks, control means actuates the clamping means, rotary member, said film cut-off means and pusher plate in timed sequence.

Abstract: Apparatus for trimming Christmas trees or the like to a uniform configuration. The apparatus includes a self-leveling cutter support frame, and a number of knive-like cutting blades mounted on the frame for rotation at high speed. The cutting frame is selectably extendable to accommodate trees having a range of lengths.

Abstract: In a device for splicing textile yarns by fibre-intermingling with the aid of compressed air, a pneumatic timing unit is provided for adjusting the duration of the compressed air jet. The unit essentially comprises a timing reservoir composed by a number of spaces interconnected with each other and communicating with the fibre-blending chamber, a cutoff valve controlling the flow of air from the air source to the blending chamber. An auxiliary throttling means permits to adjust with the desired accuracy the flow of compressed air from the timing reservoir to the blending chamber, so that it becomes possible to select the proper time of jet duration according to the yarn types.

Abstract: A yarn having a number of filaments is passed through between intercrossing work surfaces of two intercrossing endless belts which run in pressing engagement with each other. By suitably selecting the intercrossing angle of the belts, tension acting on the yarn and heater temperature, a crimped filament yarn is prepared having S-twist and Z-twist portions distributed in alternation along the length of the filament yarn. The filaments are tightly engaged with each other in the S-twist (or Z-twist) portions while being separated from one another in the Z-twist (or S-twist) portions. A fabic using such crimped yarn is dyed to cause the tightly bound portions to appear in a dark shade of color and the loosely bound portions in a light shade, thereby producing a salt-and-pepper pattern.

Abstract: A pneumatic yarn guiding apparatus for a double twisting machine, two-for-one twister. A yarn passage of the double twisting machine is formed by a yarn guide tube vertically movable inserted in the tension device mounted in the center of a yarn supply bobbin, a yarn guide hole formed in the center of a stationary disc through the center of the spindle, a yarn guide tube formed in the radial direction of a yarn store disc, a yarn passing space formed between a rotary disc secured to the spindle and an outer ring, and a vertical space between the outer cylinder of the stationary disc and balloon restricting cylinder.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to an expansion band particularly adapted for use as a watch band, jewelry band, bracelet or the like in which a plurality of links are pivotally connected to each other by pins received in recesses, and means for locking adjacent links to each other with the adjacent links having size in contiguous relationship, and fin means projecting laterally from the side of one adjacent link for reception in recess means in the side of a second adjacent link whereby a gap between adjacent links is bridged by the fin means.

Abstract: A polymeric chain link including two sidebars and a barrel connecting the sidebars. The barrel is comprised of a male barrel portion and a female barrel portion, each barrel portion being an integral extension of one of the sidebars. The male barrel portion fits inside the female barrel portion, and the inner mating surface of the female barrel portion cooperates with the outer mating surface of the male barrel portion to couple the two portions, mechanically locking them together.

Abstract: An exhaust gas turbocharger having inlet channels combined only directly ahead of a turbine rotor at the periphery thereof. An annular gap is arranged within the area in which the back surface and an periphery of the turbine rotor form a circumferential circular edge. A part of the exhaust gas flows from the spiral housing through the annular gap into an annular channel arranged at the rotor back surface, from which branch off a return line to the charging air channel of the compressor, and a by-pass line to a turbine exhaust gas line, by-passing the turbine.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling particulate emissions from a combustion apparatus, such as a diesel engine. Diesel engine exhaust particles are electrically charged during the formation of the particles in the engine combustion chambers. A particle collector is used to collect the electrically charged particles on collecting structures connected to a high voltage power supply and ground. The collecting structures of the particle collector can be a plurality of parallel metal plates, spaced cylindrical rods, or concentrically located cylindrical members. A fibrous matrix can be located adjacent the particle collecting structure to collect the charged particles as they move through the matrix. In one embodiment, the collected particles separate from the collecting structures and return to the engine intake. In another embodiment, a removable collecting cartridge has electrically conductive plates for collecting the charged particles. The entire cartridge is removed for cleaning or replacement.

Abstract: Axially spaced distributor grooves externally formed on a rotatable controller valve element conduct pressurized fluid to a servomotor in response to axial displacement of the valve element within a housing enclosing pressurized spaces to which opposite axial ends of the valve element are exposed. Flow of the pressurized fluid through the grooves is controlled by slide valve surfaces on the valve element axially between the pressurized spaces and the grooves.

Abstract: Pump-motor hydraulic power system incorporation means to limit the power transmitted and the pressure in the transmission lines. High pressure line is connected to one end of a servo motor comprising a cylinder with a spring loaded piston therein. When the pump pressure increases above a certain amount it overcomes the spring and moves the piston and the piston rod to a blocking position, acting to limit movement of the three way control valve or to move the three way control valve back if it already exceeds the limit imposed by the power limiter's piston rod.

Abstract: Film cooling apparatus adapted to be connected into a conduit carrying a hot exhaust gas. The apparatus comprises single walled contoured duct means connectible to said conduit and a center-body aerodynamically shaped and supported within said duct means so as to form therewith an annular channel of zero pressure gradient. Slot means are provided in the single walled contoured duct means and in the center-body to enable a flow of cooling air over exterior surfaces thereof to maintain said surfaces at an acceptably low temperature. A network of ducting carries the cooling air to the contoured duct means and interior of the center-body. The duct means and center-body are preferably of circular cross-section taken orthogonally of the overall flow direction. The center-body is an axisymmetric bulb having annular slots for directing the cooling air over the exterior of said bulb.

Abstract: A motor utilizing compressed air as the working fluid. Compressed air circulates from a first or high pressure tank through an air reactance member, then to pressure regulating member and to a second or intermediate pressure tank and the air reactance member. The drive shaft of the air reactance member delivers mechanical power. An air compressor is driven from the drive shaft and is employed to recharge or supplement pressure in each tank.

Abstract: For use on a vehicle having a split torque transmission, the split torque transmission including first and second throughputs and a summing junction connected to the first and second throughputs and having a transmission output dependent upon the first and second throughputs, each throughput having an input connected to an output of the engine of the vehicle, the system including a sensor adapted to sense the output of the engine, and a controller connected to the sensor and adapted to control the second throughput dependent upon the engine output, the second throughput being controlled from a negative value cancelling the first throughput to a positive value so that the transmission output is varied from idle to a predetermined value.

Abstract: A "load-plus" valve (34) is oftentimes utilized in the servo-system (20) for a variable displacement pump (11) to maintain pump discharge pressure (P.sub.D) above a minimum pressure level and above a load pressure signal (P.sub.L) generated in a fluid actuator (13). Valves of this type normally include a margin spring (39) for biasing a modulating spool (36) against the opposing force of pump discharge pressure (P.sub.D) to maintain a constant margin over the load pressure signal (P.sub.L) throughout the working range of the system. When the load pressure signal (P.sub.L) exceeds a maximum pressure level, it is normally vented to tank (12), or continuously bled to tank across an orifice, resulting in horsepower losses. The control package employed in systems of this type are also somewhat bulky.

Abstract: A system and method for converting the energy of sea waves to useful power through the use of a buoyant float. This float is preloaded (i.e. submerged a predetermined distance beneath the level of a wave trough) and retained at that submerged elevation until such time as it is located beneath a wave crest. The float is then released from beneath the crest to rise through it and the flotational motion is converted to power. The system also provides for an upwardly directed preloading technique and combined systems wherein work is removed in both vertical movement of the float. Unusual gains in efficiency are achieved by this method and system.

Abstract: A reservoir for use with a tandem master cylinder consisting of an elongated housing generally extending along the longitudinal axis of the master cylinder and including top and bottom walls and side walls, a partitioning wall provided between the top and bottom walls and extending laterally from either of the side walls toward the other side wall thereby partitioning the interior of the housing into two chambers. The partitioning wall further extends longitudinally along the other side wall and is spaced therefrom to define therebetween a corridor-like passage communicating the two chambers. The corridor-like passage has an opening which is spaced from the bottom wall by a predetermined height. A liquid level warning device receiving chamber is formed in one of the two chambers and is defined by the laterally and longitudinally extending portions of the partitioning wall and by an additional wall having a slit which extends between the top and side walls.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of producing useful energy from a large body of water having cold subsurface water and water at the surface which is warmer than the subsurface water. The apparatus comprises a tubular pump to air-lift in a manner to be described cold subsurface water to the surface and which tube is open at the surface and open at the colder subsurface water and wherein a vertically adjustable air jet assembly is arranged within the tube and connected to a compressed air source to release bubbles from the air jet assembly which rise within the tube, entraining cold subsurface water, making it buoyant and cooling the surface.

Abstract: Control device for a steam turbine having a high-pressure and a medium or low-pressure turbine part, includes a reheater, at least one live steam control valve disposed upstream of the high-pressure turbine part, at least one intercept control valve disposed upstream of the medium or low-pressure turbine part and downstream of the reheater, a control device having at least one turbine controller for simultaneously acting on the live steam control valve in accordance with a predetermined live steam valve characteristic and acting on the intercept control valve in accordance with a predetermined intercept valve characteristic, the live steam control valve and the intercept control valve having a normal characteristic correlation therebetween determining a correlation of high-pressure and medium or low-pressure steam mass flow, a limit detecting device associated with the high-pressure turbine part for responding when a predetermined thermal stress is reached in the high-pressure turbine part, and a positioning

Abstract: A crossover conduit structure for transmitting steam from a first to a second turbine section having a conduit disposed between an exhaust portion of the first turbine section and an inlet portion of the second turbine section and a moisture removal structure situated downstream from the inlet portion axially along the conduit. The conduit's longitudinal axis is arranged generally perpendicular to the inlet portion's longitudinal axis with the moisture removal structure being disposed axially downstream from the inlet portion in the direction of the steam flow through the crossover conduit. The moisture removal structure includes a tapered transition section having first and second ends which are respectively disposed relatively adjacent and remote from the inlet portion, a pipe attached to the second end of the tapered portion, and an orifice or other means for regulating water and steam flow through the condensate pipe.

Abstract: A thermodynamic motor has a pulley belt (47) extending semi-circumferentially around a frame (21) for ultimately transmitting the rotational motion of the frame (21) to a rotationally driven unit (49). In differing embodiments the thermodynamic motor comprises containers (33, 333, 334, 335) which are shaped to facilitate the rapid and substantially uniform vaporization of a volatile liquid substance (37) contained therein. Further embodiments described herein include those utilizing detachable containers; cooling means (123) to hasten condensation of the volatile liquid (37); and, a thermostatic control system for maintaining a temperature differential between the containers in each pair.

Abstract: This is an improvement to a travelling wave heat engine. The latter uses acoustical travelling waves to force a gas in a differentially heated regenerator to undergo a Stirling thermodynamic cycle and thereby converts thermal energy into acoustical energy or vice versa, depending on the direction of the wave propagation. This patent concerns the addition of a resonant cavity around the regenerator to superimpose a standing wave to the travelling wave in order to augment the pressure component of the travelling wave without adding to the velocity component. This increases the level of acoustical power that can be put through the engine for a given level of regenerator viscous loss and so increases the engine's specific power which is limited by regenerator viscous losses.

Abstract: There is disclosed a watercraft having a refrigerator powered by a thermo-electric element in which the hot face of the thermo-electric element is in direct contact with the water or air or in direct contact with the external wall of the watercraft or is in heat-transfer contact therewith through an external thermal sink having a face exposed to the ambient medium or in heat transfer therewith through the exterior wall. The external thermal sink can be a channel-shaped member, a solid block of heat-conducting metal, a heat pipe, or any energy-transfer device.

Abstract: A cryogenic refrigerator has a split seal at the interface between a displacer and cylinder. An expander ring presses the seal ring against the cylinder. The seal ring is also axially loaded against one face of a groove in which it is positioned. Preferred spring elements for axially loading the seal ring include a U-cross-section spring and a spring washer.

Abstract: A process for the separation of one or more kinds of solute in a cryohydrate characterized in that a cryohydrate obtained by freezing a solution together with a high tensile member is passed through pressure-application zones whose inner sectional area is reduced toward the direction in which the high tensile member is pulled to thereby separate fractions having high solute contents from fractions having low solute contents, and apparatus therefor.