Abstract: A gas turbine engine has a metal engine block which houses interconnected ceramic duct components defining the gas flow path between a combustor and turbine stages of a two spool gas turbine engine. The ceramic duct components are coupled to the engine block by support cages that accommodate thermal expansion of the duct components to prevent excessive stress levels within the ceramic components throughout a wide range of turbine engine operating conditions.

Abstract: In a gas turbine engine having a can annular combustion system, the diffusion passage between the outlet annulus of the engine compressor and the inlets to the individual combustion chambers located in an annular casing, is partially defined diffusion control housings, one of each of which is located adjacent the upstream end of the respective combustion chamber. Each control housing is wedge-like in planform and has a downstream recess to accommodate the dome-shaped head of the combustion chamber. The control housing increases in circumferential width and radial height in the downstream direction to reduce the diffuser area ratio. Scoops can be provided to guide primary and dilution air into each combustion chamber.

Abstract: A thrust reverser for a fan jet engine having a splitter in the fan duct in a plane with the fixed cascades is designed with blocker doors positioned to block flow between the splitter and the outer wall when in the deployed position. The splitter and supports are positioned to simultaneously uncover the cascades and block flow in the remaining portion of the duct. This design contemplates elimination of the blocker door drag links that typically extends into the duct passageway.

Abstract: A tubular exhaust gas manifold for an automotive internal combustion engine comprises pipes with flanges for bolting to the side of the engine to separately receive exhaust gas from individual cylinders, the other ends of the pipes being bunched together and welded to a collector that provides a common mixing and outlet chamber for the gases and has a flange for connection to an exhaust pipe. An air feed means is mounted on the pipes and it takes the form of an air log supported on the pipes by means of the air runner tubes that deliver air separately to the individual pipes.

Abstract: A dual filter element exhaust cleaner and burner system for diesel engines provides for the trapping of particulates in the engine exhaust gases by their passage through filter elements, as selectively controlled by means of a four-way valve. Collected particulates in a non-active particulate filter element are incinerated by means of a heater, with this filter element, during incineration, being supplied with exhaust gases through a constant flow exhaust gas regulator whereby incineration of the particulates will occur at a controlled rate independent of engine speed.

Abstract: An engine exhaust manifold includes two sheet metal half shells welded together to form exhaust passages and adjacent webs for rigidity and absorption of vibrations.

Abstract: This movement compensation arrangement in one aspect comprises a hydraulic main motor group driven by the pressure difference between two hydropneumatic pressure containers and a hydraulic auxiliary motor group driven by a pump with an effect which can be regulated, and adapted to provide for dynamic compensation. The hydraulic main motor group is adapted to substantially take up the static load. The two motor groups are rotationally coupled to moving means. A control unit in response to input signals controls both motor groups, of which the main motor group has a stepwise and/or continuously variable displacement (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A quick take-up valve in a quick take-up master cylinder assembly which reduces fluid flow noise and restriction caused by fluid flowing in one mode of operation through an incipiently or substantially closed valve spring coil stack. The check valve arrangement has a coil compression limiting device and also has the outlet orifice so positioned as not to require fluid flow through the check valve spring coils while the check valve is open.

Abstract: An adjustment means for variable height adjustment of hydraulically or pneumatically operable supports, e.g. legs on tables, chairs, beds etc., adjustment means for simultaneously raising and lowering all supports and for separately adjusting each of said supports to suit the contour of the floor surface or similar foundation comprised of pressure chambers (13) in the housing (11) of the adjustment means (10), the number corresponding to the number of supports, each pressure chamber having a piston (14), which by way of an adjusting screw (15) cooperates with a driving nut (16), which is unrotatably but axially displaceably arranged in the housing. The driving nut is displaced by means of a threaded spindle (17) which is rotatably but undisplaceably mounted in the housing.

Abstract: An exhaust bypass valve actuating device is constructed and controlled such that the exhaust bypass valve opens the exhaust bypass passage so as not to apply the exhaust gas to the turbine of the turbosupercharger when the engine is in such a low load operating condition that the turbosupercharger can hardly perform supercharging and when the supercharge pressure in the intake passageway is above a predetermined value and such that the bypass valve closes the bypass passage so as to apply the exhaust gas to the turbine when the engine is in such medium and high load operating conditions that the turbosupercharger can perform supercharging.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a turbo-supercharger connected to an engine charge air intake manifold and an exhaust gas turbine connected to an engine exhaust manifold. An automatic bypass includes a bypass line interconnecting the exhaust manifold upstream of the exhaust gas turbine and the air intake manifold downstream of the compressor. A bypass valve in the bypass line comprising an adjustable throttle member for adapting the quantity of bypassed gas to the respective operating state of the engine. An actuating piston closes the throttle member in response to pressures from the compressor side above a pre-selected value. The actuating piston is disposed on a side of the throttle member facing away from the air intake manifold. The resistance of the valve to flow from the compressor side to the turbine side is less than the resistance in the opposite direction. The resistance to flow, and the fully unseated valve position define an operating curve of the engine which is adjustable.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with spark ignition having an exhaust gas turbocharger. Supercharger air from the turbocharger is conveyed through a charger air line or pipe to an intake manifold of the internal combustion engine. A throttle valve is provided for the power control of the engine in a path of the supercharger air, especially at an inlet to the intake manifold. A bypass air line or pipe is connected to the charger air line or pipe, with the bypass air line extending to a position upstream of the turbocharger. A further throttle valve is arranged at the bypass air line with both throttle valves being mechanically connected with each other in such a manner that one throttle valve closes when the other throttle valve opens, and vice versa.

Abstract: A system for generating energy by converting thermal energy into another form of energy by the exchange of water from great depth with surface water, said system comprising a floating installation having a downwardly directed cold water pipe as well as a number of thermal energy converting aggregates, said installation having the form of a pontoon, carrying a platform by means of columns, a number of box-shaped units containing the thermal energy converting aggregates being placed on top of the said pontoon, each unit having a channel with pump and heat exchanger, said channels having their inlets either in connection with the cold water supply or with the environmental water, the connection with the cold water being at the underside of the units and the connection with the environmental water at the upper side of the units, each channel having its outlet at the side of the pontoon.

Abstract: A system and method of thermal energy conversion is disclosed.

Abstract: Peak load device of a multistage turbine, having a high pressure turbine section with an inlet pipe supplying working medium and an exhaust steam outlet, a subsequent turbine section having an inlet pipe connected to the exhaust steam outlet of the high pressure turbine section for receiving the exhaust steam thereof, a bypass line connected from the high pressure turbine section inlet pipe to the subsequent turbine section inlet pipe through which part of the working medium bypasses the high pressure turbine section as a bypass flow, including a jet compressor inlet disposed at the connection of the bypass line to the subsequent turbine section inlet pipe for receiving the bypass flow as a motive medium while increasing the pressure of the flow through the subsequent turbine section inlet pipe.

Abstract: A sealed package for pressurizing the contents of dispensing containers. The package contains chemicals which react to develop gas pressure to expand the package when in the dispensing container. A series of sequentially rupturable pockets add further increments of internal pressure as dispensing proceeds. These pockets, and additional pockets containing chemicals for initiating package pressurization, are formed in an outer film heat-sealed to a second outer film to define the package. The rupturable pockets are covered with a tape to maintain the chemicals isolated until rupture is effected by progressive lift-off of the tape as the package expands.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine combustion chamber includes an inlet through which primary air can flow and which is capable of receiving a fuel injector. A cylindrical collar extends from this inlet into the interior of the combustion chamber and the collar may be parallel walled or slightly divergent and one or more rows of equi-spaced apertures can be provided in the collar wall. The presence of the collar has the effect of reducing the rate of carbon deposition on the combustion chamber head and of reducing the levels of emitted smoke.

Abstract: There is provided a hot water production apparatus comprising a container for water and a heat pump including a motor-compressor unit disposed in a sealed casing containing the heating fluid. The heat generated in the motor-compressor unit is transferred to the water by way of a heat pipe insulated over its portion extending between the water container and the sealed casing. The heat pipe is charged with an inert gas and an operating medium which in the range of 20.degree. to 100.degree. C. has a vapor pressure such that, at a temperature within this range, the front between the inert gas and the operating medium is situated in the portion of the heat pipe present in the water container.

Abstract: Refrigeration is produced by passing liquid carbon dioxide through a narrow slot into an enclosure or conduit having an inlet and an outlet in communication with ambient atmosphere. Liquid carbon dioxide is converted to solid and gaseous phases upon passage through the slot to produce a refrigeration effect and such phases are directed toward the enclosure exit thereby entraining ambient atmosphere in the solid and gaseous stream. This entrainment and mixing is effective to cause a relatively rapid sublimation of the solid carbon dioxide after exiting the enclosure and thus permits uniform refrigeration of a chamber into which the solid and gaseous carbon dioxide is discharged.

Abstract: Useful heat from an ice-maker is efficiently recovered and employed to heat water without any significant increase in the energy normally expanded in making ice. During ice-making, liquid refrigerant from a high-pressure receiver is expanded and supplied to an evaporator where ice-making occurs. Expanded refrigerant is returned to a compressor through an accumulator, and high-pressure vapor is condensed by heat-exchange with a circulating stream of water withdrawn from a storage tank. Condensed refrigerant is returned to the receiver through a restrictor. During the harvesting cycle, relatively warm, high pressure vapor from the receiver is fed to the evaporator, and any of it condensed to liquid therein is trapped in the accumulator. The compressor runs continuously throughout harvesting and ice-making, and any refrigerant trapped in the accumulator is used to subcool the high-pressure liquid prior to its expansion in the subsequent ice-making cycle.

Abstract: The apparatus of the invention includes a precooler (post heater) heat exchanger and a subcooler heat exchanger which are connected in fluid communication with the refrigerant input and output, respectively, of the condenser (evaporator) of a heat transfer system. A fluid, such as water, is forced through the subcooler heat exchanger and then through the precooler (post heater) heat exchanger to be in a heat exchanging relationship with the refrigerant flowing therethrough.The method of the invention includes the step of regulating the flow rate of the water flowing through the apparatus such that the refrigerant is precooled to approximately its saturated-vapor state and subcooled when the system is operating in a cooling mode and such that the refrigerant is post heated to at least a saturated-vapor state and subcooled when the system is operating in a heating mode.

Abstract: A hybrid double absorption air cooling system employing a liquid desiccant solution and capable of operating at low heat source temperature between 55.degree. C. and 80.degree. C. is provided. In one embodiment the system which utilizes low-grade thermal energy, includes an open absorber employing a liquid desiccant solution for absorbing moisture from air passing therethrough, a cooling coil adapted for cooling air passing through the open absorber, and a vapor-absorption refrigeration system which employs the liquid desiccant solution as an evaporable refrigerant and is adapted for cooling and circulating a working fluid, such as water, through the cooling coil and for circulating the desiccant solution through the open absorber. In an alternate embodiment, an open evaporator is adapted for providing cooling water to the open absorber.

Abstract: A refrigeration system having an increasing efficiency of operation and reduction in power consumption. Low head pressure and subcooling the liquid refrigerant emitted from the remote condenser, the efficiency of operation of the compressor of the refrigeration system can be substantially increased. The particular type of refrigeration system of concern generally includes a compressor for compressing a gaseous refrigerant, a condenser for condensing the gaseous refrigerant and subcooling the liquid refrigerant, a receiver for receiving the liquid and a plurality of display cases having evaporators for evaporating the liquid refrigerant. The gaseous refrigerant passing through the condenser is first condensed into a liquid at a condensing temperature of approximately 10.degree. to 25.degree. F. above a preselected cooling temperature. The condensed liquid is then subcooled to the preselected cooling temperature which should be preferably either approximately 50.degree. F.

Abstract: A defrost control system for a reverse cycle refrigeration system wherein the outdoor coil is defrosted when outdoor coil temperature is equal to or less than the product of a preselected constant N.sub.1 and the outdoor air temperature and controller means are provided to calculate a new value of N.sub.1 after each defrost operation, the calculation being based on stabilized values of outdoor air temperature and outdoor coil temperature for clear coil conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a self-contained air conditioning unit including a reversible refrigeration system and more particularly to a control system having a plurality of sensing means that are effective in maintaining operation of the unit in a heat pump mode when the ambient and the surface temperature of selected refrigeration components are above a preselected frosting temperature, and to energize a heating means to provide uninterrupted heating when the ambient and surface temperatures sensed are below a preselected frosting level which terminates compressor operation.

Abstract: A microprocessor based control for a heat pump system providing at least two setback temperature settings individually selected by the system user to be effective during different time periods of the day, also individually selectable by the user. In the event of conflicting setback temperature settings during an overlap in the selected time periods, the microprocessor is programmed to implement the setback temperature that provides the most energy efficient operation of the system. Additionally, the microprocessor automatically assures that any setback temperature settings are at least a minimum temperature differential away from the normal temperature setting in the more energy efficient direction. This override provision is effective whether the invalid setback temperature settings are initially inserted by the user or are the result of a subsequent change in the normal temperature setting.

Abstract: A modulating system for a rotary hermetic compressor is provided with a valve operable by a force varying with the difference in pressure between the suction and discharge pressure for allowing a portion of the refrigerant gas being compressed to travel from the compression side of the roller to the suction side of the roller when the design peak load of the compressor is exceeded.

Abstract: A refrigerant control, for a room air conditioner, operates to reduce the load on the compressor by throttling the flow of refrigerant to a predetermined number of circuits in the condensor, while allowing the flow of refrigerant to the remaining circuits to be unaffected.

Abstract: A muffler for attenuating the sound of the hot refrigerant gas discharged from a hermetic refrigeration compressor and for transferring heat from the hot discharged refrigerant gas to a water tube arranged in heat exchange relationship with the muffler. The water tube is adapted to be connected to a water heater tank in a manner that recirculates water from the tank through the water tube in a closed circuit.

Abstract: A refrigerated display case incorporates oppositely disposed display areas and has a common plenum chamber in fluid communication with said display areas. Common refrigerating coil means and compressor means provide refrigerated air to said plenum chamber for distribution to the oppositely disposed display areas.

Abstract: A lubrication system for use in a rotary compressor wherein the pressurized refrigerant fluid is passed through a precooler and returned to the compressor housing before passing through the discharge line to the refrigeration system. Oil entrained in the compressed precooled refrigerant is passed in heat transfer association with the rear head of the compressor to evaporate therefrom refrigerant vapor which may be entrained in the oil, permitting the oil to be returned to the lubrication sump after such removal for improved lubrication of the compressor. The rear head defines a lubricating oil flow path which, in the illustrated embodiment, opens upwardly from the rear head, permitting the lubricating oil to flow over the rear head for improved heat transfer association therewith in effecting the desired removal of entrained refrigerant vapor therefrom.

Abstract: Cryogenic cooling apparatus of the type including a generally tubular heat exchanger affording two paths, through one of which, in use, refrigerant gas from a supply under pressure is supplied to a Joule-Thompson expansion nozzle to liquify a portion of the gas in a container where the low pressure gas returns through the other path, and a valve member co-operating with the nozzle to vary its effective area for automatically controlling the flow of the refrigerant. The valve member is actuated via an elongate operating member by a movable wall of a bellows situated within or beyond the heat exchanger and exposed on one side to the pressure of a sensing vapor, which, in operation, is in equilibrium with liquid.

Abstract: A torque limiting mechanism provides for a spring loaded coupling of driver and driven friction discs for simultaneous and uniform rotation. A spring retainer system is incorporated which provides restraint against expansion of the spring beyond a predetermined limit. In a preferred embodiment the spring becomes inoperative to urge the discs together after friction linings on the discs have worn to a predetermined design limit. A condition of zero torque is thereby created, thus signalling need for replacement of friction linings.

Abstract: A hydrostatic-mechanical gear unit wherein input power is divided into an hydraulic power branch and a mechanical power branch. The hydraulic branch includes two hydrostatic units in tandem. Through gearing the hydraulic branch is directed to a first internal gear for transmitting the rotational hydraulic power. The mechanical branch through gearing leads to a second internal gear for transmitting rotational mechanical power. The internal gears together with pinions form part of a planetary wheel set for integrating the mechanical power and the hydraulic power. An intermediate shaft connected to the pinion carrier conveys power to an output shaft through a coupling in a first forward driving stage and in the reverse driving stage, and a coaxial shaft connected with a sun wheel conveys power to the output shaft through a coupling in a second forward driving stage.

Abstract: To blow a yarn toward the needles and release it from the gripping device upon yarn feeding in a circular knitting machine, in particular a double cylinder one, a device is provided which is synchronized with each yarn feeding finger regardless of the number of feeds. The device comprises a control cam provided with a boss and rotated synchronically with the needle cylinder(s), an actuating cam provided with two oppositely located notches and connected to the control cam through a normally disengaged coupling controlled by the machine program, and an actuating lever which follows the profile of the actuating cam and controls a valve to cause it to engage with the control cam and be operated by the boss thereof to deliver pressurized air to the yarn feeding area. The valve can be moved into the operative position by means of each yarn feeding finger associated with one feed.

Abstract: Each embodiment of the ski sock of the present invention includes additional yarn knit in plated relationship with the body yarns to form a thickened fabric area extending down the front portion of the leg of the sock to cushion and protect the front portion of the leg of the wearer from discomfort caused by the front and upper edge of the ski boot. The ski sock also includes a thickened fabric area extending along the rear half of the sock and at least through the heel and sole area to cushion and protect the heel and lower portion of the foot of the wearer. Opposite side panels of thinner fabric are provided between the thickened fabric areas in the front and rear of the sock to reduce the bulk of the fabric. The thinner fabric areas may provide increased stretchability to these areas and to permit the sock to be easily drawn onto and off of the foot and to readily conform to the foot of the wearer.

Abstract: An apparatus for conducting the continuous washing of printed and dye-fixed, web-shaped textile material, including woven or knitted fabrics, includes a series of textile processing units arranged along a production line. These units include a dwell bath having a conveying means arranged underneath the bath level for textile material deposited in folds, a textile material moistening zone in front of dwell bath, a dewatering means, at least one sieve drum washing bath and a subsequently positioned squeeze means for removing washing liquid from the textile material.

Abstract: A skin washer having a conveyor belt which carries a skin from a loading station to and through a washing station with back-up members for the conveyor belt at the washing station. A plurality of driven brush rollers, located to deflect the conveyor belt between the back-up members, cause a partial wrap of a skin carried by the conveyor belt around the brush rollers for good cleaning action by the brush rollers. The skin washer includes a reversible drive for a first of the brush rollers whereby the first brush roller rotates in a skin-advancing direction as a skin is conveyed into the washing station and thereafter is caused to rotate in a direction opposite to that of skin travel for exerting a retarding force on the trailing portion of the skin.

Abstract: A temperature controlling method for heating, with a heating furnace having at least one heating zone provided with a controllable heating means, materials charged into the heating furnace such that an aimed temperature of the material is reached by the time when the materials leave the heating furnace. The characteristic feature of the invention resides in that the instructions for changing the operating condition of the heating furnace in response to a change in the rolling condition of the rolling line connected to the heating furnace is treated as a change in the period of stay of the material in the heating furnace. In the controlling system in accordance with the invention, determination of the material temperature rise pattern in response to the change in the staying period of the material in the furnace is made to minimize the supply of fuel to the heating means, and the set temperature of each heating zone is calculated from the thus determined temperature rise pattern.

Abstract: For producing steel pipe from thick steel plate, an up-set shrinker is employed for reducing and processing an O-shaped pipe-blank in a facility for producing thick wall steel pipe. The up-set shrinker is provided with a plurality of reducing shrinker dies located around the pipe-blank in correspondence to parts other than abutting parts of the edges of the pipe-blank, and with at least one edge processing shrinker die located in correspondence to the butting parts of the edges of the pipe-blank. The edge processing shrinker die is formed at its die surface with a projecting portion over the length of the die. The edge processing shrinker die is actuated independently of the reducing shrinker dies.

Abstract: An improved machine for forming a plurality of thin, spiral grooves in the inner surface of a metal pipe. A grooving plug is inserted and held in the metal pipe in such a manner that its axial position is constant and the metal pipe, while being moved longitudinally, is pressed by a plurality of balls which rotate planetarily around the outer surface of the metal pipe at a position corresponding to the position of the grooving plug to continuously form a plurality of spiral grooves in the inner surface of the metal pipe. Thereafter, the metal pipe is finished through a die. The machine manufactures at a high rate metal pipe which has a smooth outer surface and a grooved inner surface.

Abstract: A roller entry guide for a rod mill consists of a body with a funnel shaped entrance leading to a through bore for the rod. The exit is provided with two guide rollers each mounted on a rocker arm for adjustment of their spacing. Each guide roller has a ring of fluid reaction recesses at which a nozzle directs a stream of pressurized fluid, usually air, to keep the rollers rotating at operative speeds and prevent excessive wear and possible bearing failure, which can lead to cobbles in the rod. Each roller includes an annular outer member mounted on a central member by two spaced bearings, the outer races of which have radially projecting flanges engaged in counterbores in the annular outer member to automatically locate the parts together for rapid assembly and disassembly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a cylindrical wall-ironed sleeve having a bottom and a radially inwardly enlarged wall thickness at an end remote from said bottom with there being an internally tapered transition region between a normal wall thickness and the enlarged wall thickness, said method including the forming of the sleeve on a mandrel with said enlarged wall thickness being interlocked with said mandrel; the step of introducing a fluid under pressure through the mandrel between the mandrel and the sleeve at the transition region of the sleeve to momentarily radially enlarge the end of the sleeve remote from the bottom and release the inter-lock between the sleeve and the mandrel.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for forming flanged holes and a resulting plate and tube assembly of the type used in fluid-to-fluid, such as gas-to-gas, liquid-to-liquid and liquid-to-gas, heat exchangers. A depression is formed with the aid of a punch in a plastically deformable metal sheet such as steel, aluminum, copper and the like, while applying controlled counterpressure with the aid of a larger counterpunch so that material displaced from the space between the punches is laid upon the inner bore of a constraining die. Thus the wall of the depression is formed by purely compressive means. The base of the depression may then be removed to provide deep flanges of controlled dimensions free of cracks or splits.

Abstract: An inverted press for producing multiple drawn metal containers combines in one press the functions of cupping and drawing presses. The press includes a blanking and cupping station and several drawing and redrawing stations, disposed one adjacent the other and rendered serially operative by a vertically reciprocable slide assembly. At each stage of operation the material, semifinished article or finished article is under complete control. A method for producing a drawn container by multiple forming and reforming of a drawn article, is also provided.

Abstract: A method of pressing sheet material utilizing counterpad pressure to eliminate springback is disclosed. The sheet material is sequentially bent at pairs of bend radii during first and second increments of striking. The first increment of striking is carried out with little or no counterpad pressure to permit a curvilinear section to form immediately beneath the male punch member due to the bending moment. The second increment of striking is carried out with a positive counterpad pressure effective to flatten the curvilinear section and thereby space the second pair of bend radii from the first pair. Residual springback from the first bending action subtracts from the springback of the second bending to reduce the resultant springback in the product.

Abstract: A hand tool for assembling electrical cables to an electrical connector which has a cable clamp for clamping a cable in position for termination with conductive contact means on the connector. The tool includes a pair of roller members mounted on a base for rotation about generally parallel, spaced axes of rotation. The roller members have opposed notches in the peripheries thereof, defining jaws for movement toward and away from the connector to engage the cable clamp for crimping a cable to provide strain relief therefor. A hand lever is fixed at one end thereof to one roller member and extends outwardly therefrom in a plane generally perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the roller members. A link directly interconnects the roller members for conjoint rotation thereof in opposite directions toward and away from the cable clamp means in response to movement of the hand lever.

Abstract: An attachment device is disclosed for affixture on pliers having a first and second plier jaw. The device includes a single jaw lug to be secured to the jaw of a standard compound acting adjustable vise type of hand pliers. A piece of sheet metal is introduced between the jaw lug of the device and the opposing jaw of the hand pliers and pressure is applied to the hand pliers. An offset shoulder is displaced along the edge of the piece of sheet metal parallel to the original contour of the piece of sheet metal to form an offset shoulder and edge.

Abstract: An arrangement for automatically measuring the carbonic gas contained in a beverage comprising a measuring chamber communicating with a bypass connected to a main conduit through which the beverage flows, elements in the bypass for alternatingly causing liquid passing through the bypass to flow through the measuring chamber and for preventing communication between the measuring chamber and the bypass so that the liquid will flow directly through the bypass while a sample of the liquid to be analyzed will be enclosed in the chamber, and flexible bellows extending into the measuring chamber for changing the volume of the latter when communication between the measuring chamber and the bypass is interrupted so that a gas pillow will form above the liquid in the measuring chamber the pressure and temperature of which is to be measured to indicate the gas content in the beverage.

Abstract: A hydrogen sensing device for determining the concentration of hydrogen in a fluid atmosphere consists of a sealed chamber formed with a window which selectively allows diffusion of hydrogen into the chamber. Alpha particles from a source contained in the chamber ionize the hydrogen and a pair of polarized electrodes collect the resulting electrons to provide a current which is a function of the hydrogen concentration in the chamber. A second window permeable to helium allows escape of the helium from the chamber that is formed by the combination of electrons with alpha particles therein.