Abstract: An improved pad box for use in a shoe sole attaching press supports the shoe and sole in a manner which applies pressure along the sole over a wide range of sizes and heel heights with improved, more uniform pressure distribution. The pad box supports a number of compressible, rubber-like pads which are arranged so that they may slide with respect to each other so that their upper surfaces can conform to the contour of the shoe bottom. The arrangement of compressible pads is supported by the bottom of the pad box which has a special construction including a number of links and trays. The links and trays are arranged to provide additional freedoms of motion which enable the compressible pads to shift about with greater freedom and over a wider range of shoe bottom contours than with prior devices. The pad box provides proper distribution of pressures while requiring reduced overall levels of force.

Abstract: A rotary brush or other rotary implement constructed in accordance with the instant invention includes a first fixed handle means and a second movable handle means hinged to the fixed handle and operable by squeezing. The brush head to be rotated is mounted on an elongated rod which extends through the handle portion. The movable handle carries a rack which engages a pinion gear carried on the rod for rotating the brush. The pinion gear includes internally disposed alternately selectable ratchet portions which upon selection by the user cause the brush head to rotate in a first and only a first direction upon a squeezing of the handle. Upon user adjustment, the brush will rotate in the second and only the second direction upon the squeezing of the handle. The rotation mechanism of the brush is completely enclosed within the handle portion.

Abstract: Lubricant pails are quickly washed and dried during an automatic machine operating cycle which is initiated by manual placement of each pail on a holding mandrel and simultaneous operation of an adjacent limit switch. Mandrel and pail rotation are initiated and a rotating brush is moved into engagement with the exterior of the rotating pail while cleaning solvent is delivered onto the pail throughout its length. The brush cleaning cycle is followed by a solvent rinse cycle, which in turn is followed by a blown air drying cycle, after which the clean pail is ejected from the mandrel by positive air pressure. The several cycles are timer controlled. In a modification, closed end pails are laterally loaded on a roller bed.

Abstract: Apparatus for the cleaning of stove pipes, in place, comprising a stove pipe elbow of special construction, a brush, and a handle. The stove pipe elbow includes a large opening on its greatest curvature for brush removal and insertion and a lid for covering the opening to prevent toxic fumes from entering the room during use. The lid is provided with a longitudinal slot operable to slidingly receive the handle during the clean-out operation and permits the cleaning of stove pipes which are connected to the elbow in perpendicular orientation one to the other. A small cover plate is provided to cover the slot during periods of stove use. The handle, which is removed from the brush upon completion of the clean-out procedure, is preferably made of flexible material to facilitate use. The elbow may be provided with a brush storage compartment.

Abstract: A shoe cleaning mat employs a plurality of spaced projections on a base layer, all projecting to substantially the same height to provide a stable support. Some of the projections are each provided with an array of radially extending ribs which are progressively deeper in the radially outward direction to provide corresponding increasing elasticity. Two different sizes of such projections are employed and a third type of projection, smaller than the other two, is provided with vertically extending side ribs which are progressively deeper in upward direction.

Abstract: A scrubber is disclosed including an applicator for applying a cleaning solution, a rotary brush for working such solution on the soiled surface and a pick up section for removing the cleaning solution and suspended soilage from the surface being scrubbed. The scrubber includes a dirty solution chamber and a clean solution chamber. A separator is provided between such chambers to separate the dirty water into a sludge portion which is returned to the dirty water chamber and a clean solution portion which is fed into the second chamber.

Abstract: A mobile cleaning device for large flat surfaces includes a housing which forms a spray chamber having an open bottom. A first pair of exhaust ducts is mounted on the front and rear walls of the housing, and a second pair of exhaust ducts is mounted on the top wall of the housing adjacent the housing side walls for removing the debris and spent cleaning fluid from within the spary chamber as the device is moved along a surface being cleaned. An improved fluid-powered rotor is mounted on the housing and rotatably mounts and drives a plurality of fluid spray nozzles by use of the back pressure exerted by the cleaning fluid as it is sprayed from the nozzles against the surface being cleaned. The rotor is provided with an effective seal for the high pressure fluid with respect to the stationary components adjacent the movable rotor.

Abstract: A hinge device used with a rotation member having a rotational moment which varies in accordance with a rotation angle. The hinge device comprises a core bar inserted into a fixed member, a flat wire torsion spring fixed at its ends to the core bar and to the rotation members, respectively, a lever memer fixed to a portion of the core bar, and a first flat spring biasing the rotation of the core bar in a certain direction and having its ends abutting the fixed member and the rotation member. A second flat member is provided to operate against the spring torque of the flat wire torsion spring having its ends abutting the fixed member and the rotation member.

Abstract: A device for mounting a support and articulation arm of a sun-glare shield of a vehicle in which the sun-glare shield is engaged in a horizontal aperture of a bearing and in an orifice of a pull-rod member which is elastically biased upwardly. This pull-rod is guided in a support fixed to the roof of the vehicle. The support may be fixed to the roof so as to be downwardly detachable by means of an elastically expansible ring acted upon by a push-member. The latter is guided by the support and is acted upon by the upper surface of the bearing.

Abstract: An apparatus for opening and mixing fibrous materials including a conveyor for moving bales of fibrous material along a generally horizontal path toward an inclined surface, means moving along the surface or the inclined path of travel of the conveyor for removing fibrous material from the bales, the removing means being, for example, a teasing roll which is connected by telescopic and/or flexible ducts to an extractor fan which discharges the removed fibrous material into a bin having in a lower portion thereof a conveyor belt which is driven to maintain the fibrous material within the bin at a generally constant uniform level, and a discharge conveyor for removing the fibrous material from the bin for subsequent processing.

Abstract: A separable slide fastener having a separable assembly comprises a pair of stringer tapes each carrying along one longitudinal edge a row of coupling elements each having a pair of spaced legs and a coupling head extending between the legs. The separable terminal assembly comprises a separable pin and a retainer pin fixed to the bottom end of the respective tapes and a retainer formed integrally with the retainer pin for receiving the separable pin. The rows of coupling elements can be interlocked by interengagement of a pair of lateral projections of the opposed coupling head. The lateral projections of the endmost coupling elements located adjacent to the pins are cut off to permit the endmost coupling elements to be disengaged from each other when the slide fastener is closed.

Abstract: A deep boring or drilling mill, especially of the horizontal type, comprises a machine bed. A headstock and a tailsotck are operatively arranged on the machine bed. A cooling medium supply device is operatively arranged between the headstock and the tailstock and participates in or performs a clamping movement. The displacement movements of the headstock and of the cooling medium supply device are synchronized with each other during the clamping phase and during the release phase of these displacement movements. Preferably, the length and speed of the displacement movements are balanced or adjusted by an electrical bridge circuit.

Abstract: A method of making a heat exchanger of the type used in vehicle radiators and having a core of spaced welded, as contrasted to lock-seam, tubes and interconnecting fins connected to spaced liquid tanks.

Abstract: Arrangements for supporting a heat exchanger core within a steel frame structure by a hanger system utilizing flexible members pivotably coupled to overhead support beams. Balancing beams are employed to equalize the load transmitted through the system to the support beams. These support systems permit the heat exchanger core to expand in all directions from thermal growth without restraint relative to the frame structure, thereby minimizing thermal fatigue.

Abstract: When operating a system embodying the invention, the operator sits in a convenient position with his knees beneath the conveyor carrying the printed circuit boards. The tools for bending, cutting and otherwise operating on the components leads are located above the operator's lap, secured to the conveyor support structure. When a circuit board reaches a position in front of the operator, the board stops, the various bending, cutting or other special tools move into position, and the operator inserts the components the leads of which will extend beneath the circuit board in alignment with the tools. The leads of some components are bent by being forced against the sloped surface of a tool while the components are being inserted by the operator. The leads of others are bent and, if needed, cut by machine operated tools, actuated by the operator, after the components are inserted.

Abstract: A fishing sinker applicator assembly wherein a plurality of sinkers are connected by a sprue, in line, and each being generally semi-circular with a top V-shaped groove. Selectively, and one at a time, the combination of a cutter-hammer and anvil of the applicator simultaneously sever the sprue and compress a fishing line within a groove to thus apply an individual sinker to a fishing line.

Abstract: A method is provided for registering a pattern on a mask plate with a pattern already formed on a semiconductor wafer. A reflector group is provided on the wafer comprising a plurality of reflectors having a predetermined shape, interval and alignment. Two window groups are provided at predetermined positions on the mask plate. Each window group comprises a plurality of windows having a predetermined shape, interval and alignment that corresponds to the shape, interval and alignment of the reflector group. One of the window groups is provided with a staggered phase relationship with the other window group such that when one of the wafer or the mask plate is moved relative to the other, variations in the quantity of light reflected by the reflector group and passed through the respective window groups is used to determine the relative position of the wafer and the mask plate.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a bipolar integrated circuit comprises the steps of:forming isolation regions in an epitaxial layer of a second conductivity type formed on a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type;forming a thermal oxidation layer on the surface of said epitaxial layer;forming a diffusion region of the first conductivity type for a lower part electrode by selectively implanting by ion implantation an impurity of the first conductivity type in a capacitor-forming region of surrounded by said isolation region through said thermal oxidation layer and annealing thereafter;forming a diffusion region of the second conductivity type for an external electrode by selectively diffusing an impurity of the second conductivity type into said capacitor-forming region through a contact hole formed in said thermal oxidation layer; andforming a contact hole for exposing part of said diffusion layer of the first conductivity type; and forming a metal layer for electrodes on the surface of said epitaxial

Abstract: Fabricating a semiconductor arrangement with a semiconductor body of an A.sub.III -B.sub.V compound, characterized that the semiconductor body is doped with different doping substances in such manner that for barrier and non-barrier contacts on different zones doped with these doping substances only one metallization is required.

Abstract: Generally, a complicated process is required in manufacturing a semiconductor device containing a Schottky barrier diode and a polycrystalline silicon layer which prevents excessive reaction of the aluminum electrode and silicon material involved. Because of the inability of the aluminum electrode to provide a good Schottky barrier by its contact with the polycrystalline silicon layer, it is required to directly contact the electrode with a monocrystalline silicon semiconductor layer or substrate. According to the present invention, this process is simplified by monocrystallizing the polycrystalline silicon layer at least in the region in which a Schottky barrier diode is to be formed by annealing the silicon layer in said region by laser beam irradiation and applying an aluminum electrode thereto.

Abstract: A superconducting cable containing a plurality of individual wires which are stranded or plaited to wire bundles and ropes, wherein in order to avoid relative movement and/or deformation between the wire bundles and/or ropes as, for example, may otherwise be caused by high current loading, the individual wire bundles and the ropes are materially joined together at their points of contact, preferably by soldering, to form a mechanically rigid structure, in which the parts between the soldered areas can as well as possible deform elastically, thereby avoiding all disadvantages associated with freely movable wire bundles. In a preferred embodiment, the ropes are made from wire bundles arranged in a lattice.

Abstract: A thin, integrated carbon/insulator structure, and a method for fabricating same, for use in a primary electrochemical cell. A quantity of a wet carbon slurry material including a mixture of carbon black, water and/or isopropyl alcohol, and a binder such as finely-divided "Teflon" in suspension, is deposited onto a porous fiberglass substrate and rolled to a prescribed thickness. The rolling operation causes a portion of the slurry material to diffuse into the surface of the porous fiberglass substrate and permanently adhere to and unite with a surface portion of the fiberglass substrate in an integrated, interlocking fashion. The fiberglass substrate having the layer of carbon slurry material integrated therewith is then dried to cause the layer of carbon slurry material to dry and shrink to the form of a layer of carbon plaque having a network of cracks produced therethrough in a random pattern as a result of the shrinkage during drying.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a razor head assembly to which is operatively connected a pre-packaged, pressurized unit of shaving cream or gel. The razor head assembly contains a valve mechanism and an opening whereby the contents of the container of cream or gel may be dispensed as required and needed. The assembly further carries a horizontal mounted bracket for holding the cartridge razor when shaving and a vertically mounted bracket for holding the disposable cartridge at a vertical position along side the razor handle when the kit is not in use. A cover is provided for the razor head assembly when the blade is stored on the razor handle.

Abstract: A cutlery place setting comprises a knife, a fork, a spoon, and a holder in which the upper ends of the knife, fork and spoon are housed together detachably and which holds them together.

Abstract: a precision measuring apparatus (0) defining a measuring interval sealed from environmental influences comprises a shielding housing (10) surrounding a measuring interval and defining within the housing wall a slit (10a) oriented along the measuring interval, a movable member (11) attachable to a measured object and movable along the measuring interval, a carrying member (1a) attached to the movable member (11) and extending through the slit (10a), fluid bearings (12b) interposed between the movable member and the shielding housing to form a bearing gap (12) therebetween and to movably support the movable member (11) on the shielding housing (10) substantially without friction, and sealing fluid (14c) positioned in the bearing gap (12) to seal the slit (10a). The apparatus further includes a fluid supply means (14) for supplying sealing fluid (14c) such as vacuum oil, to the bearing gap (12), and means (18) for evacuating the shielding housing (10).

Abstract: A device and method for the measurement of the thickness of a wet coating, such as paint, on a substrate, the device comprising a frame with two legs having ends which may be pressed through the wet coating onto the substrate. A probe is mounted in the frame and is adjustable towards and away from the frame. An indicating scale is provided to show the position of the probe. The probe has a transparent or translucent tip so that the point at which contact is made with the wet coating may be observed. The method employs a calibration step by setting the device on an uncoated surface of the same shape as the coated surface, thereby avoiding errors due to wear of the device and curvature of the surface.

Abstract: A wheel clamp is disclosed for supporting a wheel aligning tool in a plane generally parallel to the plane of the wheel. The wheel clamp comprises two assemblies. The first assembly is a clamping frame which grasps the tire at three points along its periphery to provide firm attachment of the clamp to the wheel. The second assembly is a floating frame which actually supports the wheel aligning tool. Three pins extend inward from the floating frame and contact the wheel rim to ensure that the floating frame lies parallel to the plane of the wheel rim. A thumb screw is provided to secure the floating frame to the clamping frame.

Abstract: A process for the drying of wood is disclosed. The drying is carried out by heating the wood in an oil and under vacuum with heating being carried out wholly or partly by use of dielectric energy.

Abstract: A process is described for the modification of wood and wood products by heat treatment in a closed, heatable vessel, wherein the water content of the starting material is controlled to be no higher than 10% by weight.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved design associated with the fabrication and construction of an athletic shoe sole capable of minimizing stress and strain to the functioning portions of the human body associated with any athletic endeavor that utilizes an individual's lower extremities to participate in same. In accordance with the invention, there is created an athletic shoe sole that permits the mirroring as well as the complementing of the natural bend of the human foot at the metatarso-phalangeal joints in that the composition and construction of said athletic shoe sole coincident with its location at said metatarso-phalangeal joints varies from the overall composition of said athletic shoe sole so as to evidence compression and expansion characteristics different from that of the overall characteristics of the composition of material utilized in fabricating said athletic shoe sole thereby achieving the overall advantages of the invention.

Abstract: Athletic shoes with removable outsoles are disclosed. Each upper is designed to fit an individual foot and ankle of a particular wearer and such upper is provided with an insole securely and permanently connected therewith. Each insole terminates along its peripheral margin with one part of a bead-and-recess mechanically detachable locking member. A removable outsole is provided with a surface contacting tread which is selected to not only best match the surface of a particular sports area but also the condition of such surface at a particular time of use. A flexible member is permanently connected with the outsole and terminates along its peripheral margin with the other part of the mechanical locking member. The outsole and the insole are further connected together by mating Velcro and Duallock members, tongues and grooves carried by the outsole and insole in paired relations, and other interlocking means.

Abstract: A semi-automatic hydraulic excavator capable of automatically controlling arm and bucket angles when bringing the bucket back to the original excavation posture after completion of dumping excavated soil. For this purpose, arm and bucket angle detectors are provided therein and the automatic control is performed by negatively feeding back values detected by these detectors to minimize deviations between these values and preset values produced from arm and bucket angle setters corresponding to the arm and bucket angles in the original excavation posture. The automatic control mode is selected by a signal from an automatic control command signal producing circuit. With this system, the bucket is swiftly brought back to the original excavation posture from the dumping posture without requiring much operator's skill and efforts.

Abstract: A manual electrically powered snow throwing device has features that allow it to be used either in a shovel mode or in a pushing and pulling mode. The device has an upper handgrip with forward and rearward handgrip portions. The forward handgrip portion is located on the same axis as that of the handle. The rearward handgrip portion extends downwardly from the forward handgrip portion. The triggers are mounted to both forward and rearward handgrip portions. These triggers are connected in parallel, so that each will independently control the motor. The forward handgrip portion is used for a shovelling motion, while the rearward handgrip portion is used for pushing and pulling motion.

Abstract: An ironing press includes an ironing table equipped with an endless conveyor belt mounted on two spaced parallel rollers and a drive for rotating one of the rollers to drive the belt. For an ironing operation, a heatable pressing plate is moved near to the ironing table. In order to enable the conveyor belt to have sufficient strength and inextensibility to be driven by the rollers and yet provide a suitable ironing surface the conveyor belt is made up of a drive belt carrying a cushion and a textile covering enclosing the outer surface of the cushion. Friction between the cushion and the covering acts to drive the covering with the drive belt.

Abstract: A tag holding bracket includes an upright elongated base member having a support hook at its upper end and a tag receiving channel at its lower end. The rearward wall of the channel is connected to the base member and inclined forwardly from the base member so as to cause a tag supported thereon to bend about a horizontal axis. A lower portion of the base member is inclined downwardly and forwardly from an upper portion thereof for improved visibility of a tag supported on the bracket.

Abstract: An identification bracelet has a band portion and an enclosure for a likeness of the wearer having an outwardly facing transparent portion, and a closure member adapted for snap closing of the enclosure. A second enclosure is provided for other identifying indicia. The enclosures and closure members are preferably integrally molded with the band portion.

Abstract: A sheet fixing device for fixing a sheet such as a transparent map film sheet on the display surface of the display surface of a cathode ray tube of an information display apparatus such as an automobile position display apparatus. The device has a sheet pressing member having provided with sheet pressing rubber portions and adapted to be biased toward the display surface by a plurality of independent biasing member spaced from one another. The sheet pressing member is adapted to be driven by sheet pressing member lifting levers which in turn are actuated by cams adapted to be rotated together with a sheet guide. When the sheet guide is rotated to the position for taking out the sheet, the cams actuate the sheet pressing member lifting levers to cause the latter to drive the sheet pressing member away from the display surface of the cathode ray tube.

Abstract: An improved selection panel having a plurality of touch-actuated capacitive switches thereon. Each capacitive switch in the panel includes a transparent glass substrate having transparent conductive coatings on opposite sides thereof to form a capacitor. A display support is positioned behind and adjacent to the plurality of capacitive switches, and provides a separate display card support for each capacitive switch. A removable display card is positioned in each separate support in a manner such that each of the display cards may be changed periodically.

Abstract: The method and apparatus of the present invention are contemplated in combination with a laminated tape including a clear film and a suitable base, an extrudable adhesive being arranged between the clear film and the base along with a color agent adapted for transport with the adhesive during lateral extrusion. Substantial removal of the adhesive from a selected area of the laminated tape thus results in removal of the color agent and exposure of the base within the selected area. The method and apparatus contemplate means for applying heat and pressure to the selected area of the laminated tape within predetermined parameters for causing lateral extrusion of the adhesive layer and corresponding transport of the color agent to expose the base within the selected area. The method and apparatus of the invention preferably contemplate the laminated tape as being of an elongated configuration with a variety of indicia being available for sequentially imprinting different portions of the tape.

Abstract: A line controllable model airplane has a main delta wing to provide an aerodynamically induced lift force directed upwardly when the airplane is flying horizontally. An elevator is mounted on the airplane for pivotable movement in a manner to modify the airstream over the delta-wing thereby to vary a vectorial property of the lift force. A pair of control lines are operatively connected to the elevator for effecting pivotable movement thereof. The control lines extend away from one side of the flying device in an unkinked condition and at an angle to the direction of flight. The angle is continuously variable independently of effecting pivotable movement of the elevator. An air deflector is provided to effect an aerodynamically induced lateral force on the airplane in a direction extending away from the other side thereof and at a magnitude sufficent to render any tensioning effect due to centrifugal force in the control lines unnecessary to sustain flight.

Abstract: A folded paper airplane formed of a blank of sheet material having a downfold line extending along an axis of the sheet, a pair of transverse cuts near a rear edge and forming a tail piece, a pair of fuselage forming upfold lines extending from the midpoints of segments of the forward edge to a point adjacent the intersection of the downfold line and the transverse cuts, a pair of cockpit forming downfold lines extending from the midpoints, a pair of set of at least two successive upfold lines extending from the same midpoints, and a pair of wing forming downfold lines extending from the leading edges of the resulting wing surfaces near the cockpit to terminate at the other distal ends of the transverse cuts.

Abstract: Two elongated tubes (11) (13) have respective diameters such that one tube (13) can nest inside the other tube (11). The two tubes (11) (13) are long enough that when the inner tube (13) is extended from its nested position, the overall length of the two tubes (11) (13) is in a range suitable for supporting or spreading tree branches. The interior surface (26) of the outer tube (11) has thereon a first plurality of raised portions which mate with a second plurality of raised portions on the exterior surface (28) of the inner tube (13) such that when the two tubes (11) (13) are in one rotational relationship, relative longitudinal movement of the two tubes (11) (13) is permitted, while when the two tubes (11) (13) are in another rotational relationship, relative longitudinal movement of the two tubes (11) (13) which would tend to shorten the prop is prevented.

Abstract: 2-Chloro-4,5-disubstituted-thiazoles have been found to be effective in reducing herbicidal injury to sorghum plants due to the application thereto of acetanilide and thiocarbamate herbicides.

Abstract: A frame particularly for use in a supplemental window which may be installed in an existing window case comprising sections of a linear extrusion forming a rigid body. The elements including a screw receiving channel, a channel adapted to hold sliding pins, a channel adapted to hold a pane and a channel adapted to fasten a compressible gasket to the element. Four such elements fastened together by means of screws form a rigid body surrounding the pane. The outside dimensions of this rigid body are slightly smaller than the inside dimensions of the window case in which it is adapted to be fitted. The rigid body is surrounded by a compressible gasket which is adapted to be compressed against the inside of the window case to form a seal therewith. The sliding pins are adapted to be slid into holes in the window case and to be locked in that position, thus providing a pivotal mounting for the supplemental window.

Abstract: A liner for use with a door edge guard and the assembly of the liner with the door edge guard and the door itself. The liner is characterized by three beads, at least one of which is located within the metallic door edge guard when assembled on the door. The liner is made primarily of a plastic material, but may include one or more reinforcing wires within the beads for enhanced strength advantageous during installation of the liner and edge guard on a sheet metal door edge.

Abstract: Apparatus, including a kit and elements thereof, for manually producing cabochons from various types of rocks and gemstones such as onyx, agate, opal, jade, etc. The kit contains all necessary equipment for hobbyists and craftsman to shape and polish gemstones from preform pieces of rock or stone. Also disclosed are various novel embodiments of base frames and attachment means for fixedly securing abrasive and polishing media to the base frame.

Abstract: A curved roof construction for a hopper type rail car wherein a plurality of roof support webs extend transversely between opposed car side walls at spaced intervals to each other. These webs provide support for a plurality of large roof panels which are disposed in generally end to end relationships and define the roof surface. The support webs have outwardly curved or bowed conformations between opposed ends thereof so that the roof panels will be similarly bowed. The roof panels are installed so as to define an elongated roof hatch opening generally centrally between and longitudinally of the car side walls. A roof coaming is associated with the roof panels in an adjacent surrounding relationship with the hatch opening. Elongated side plates fixedly secured to the car side walls adjacent to the top edges thereof provide mounting surfaces for the outer side edges of associated ones of the roof panels.

Abstract: A suspended ceiling system comprising a plurality of inverted-T runners. Kerfed edge ceiling tile supported by runners and concealing the bottom of the runners. At least one ceiling tile having a central portion removable therefrom by being separable along a substantially vertical fine cut made by high pressure fluid jet cutting.

Abstract: A wall construction utilizing unique fastening clips to demountably secure wall panels to a suitable supporting structure, such as a stud, the fastening clips being constructed such that the outer surface of adjacent panels are maintained substantially flush.

Abstract: A method for wrapping commodities comprising supplying a pair of spaced apart layers of air-impermeable wrapping material and securing the layers together transversely along a leading end. A commodity is inserted between the layers to lie adjacent the secured leading end. The side or sides of the layers are secured together. The layers are then perforated in a transverse row adjacent the commodity on its side opposite the other side adjacent the leading end. The layers are then sealed transversely between the commodity and the row of perforations to completely seal the commodity within the layers. Prior to completely sealing the commodity, but after perforating, the space surrounding the commodity between the layers is evacuated. The invention also covers an apparatus for carrying out the method.