Abstract: A writing medium unit for a writing or drawing machine comprises at least one writing unit head, a filling unit and a control unit. The filling unit is interconnected to the writing unit head and to the control unit by flexible writing medium supply tubes which are detachably connected to at least the filling unit.

Abstract: A superconductive logic device incorporating at least one Josephson junction comprises two superconductive electrodes, that is, a base electrode and a counter electrode with a thin insulating layer therebetween. The counter electrode has an extension for receiving an input signal and another extension connected to a ground plane. The input signal current which is supplied from the counter electrode to the ground plane acts on the Josephson junction with a magnetic field, while, a bias current is supplied from the base electrode and flows through the Josephson junction to the ground plane.

Abstract: A protective semiconductor integrated circuit device for protecting an internal circuit against an excessively high voltage has a first resistor of a low value resistance interposed between an input terminal and an input gate of the internal circuit. One of the drain and source regions of an MIS type transistor is connected to the input gate of the internal circuit to be protected and the other region of the source and drain is grounded. A capacitor is interposed between the gate of the MIS transistor and the input terminal. A second resistor or a diode of reverse polarity is interposed between the gate of the MIS transistor and ground. The protective device may be fabricated using, a bulk silicon, an insulating substrate such as sapphire, spinel or semi-insulating material, simultaneously with the internal circuit and without changing processes for fabrication of the internal circuit and without requiring any additional masking steps.

Abstract: Apparatus for decoding multiple input lines includes a line selector and a line deselector. The line selector is capable of receiving a plurality of closely spaced input lines and simultaneously decoding the input lines into at least one output line having an effective pitch which can be arbitrarily greater than the pitch of the input lines. An array of MOS transistors is formed in the line selector to decode the input lines while increasing the output pitch relative to the input pitch. Similarly, the line deselector receives the same plurality of input lines and insures that deselected lines are connected to an appropriate voltage potential in order to prevent them from "floating".

Abstract: A high-breakdown-voltage resistance element comprises a semiconductor body, an impurity layer disposed in a surface region of the semiconductor body to provide a resistor body, a first electrode connected to one end of the resistor body through a contact hole in a first insulating film formed on the surface of the semiconductor body, and a second electrode connected to the other end of the resistor body through another contact hole in the insulating film. A second insulating film is formed on the first and second electrodes, and a third electrode is connected to the first electrode through a contact hole in the second insulating film, so that the entire surface of the resistor body and adjacent areas are covered with the first, second and third electrodes.

Abstract: Semiconductor elements are arranged in a semiconductor substrate substantially equidistantly of a dicing line and oriented in the same direction. A region where the semiconductor elements are regularly arranged is the one where, when the semiconductor substrate and a semiconductor element are integrally formed with a sealing member, a characteristic of the semiconductor element abruptly changes, ranging from the center line of the dicing line to a point having stress of 90% of the stress developed in the center area of the semiconductor substrate or ranging from the center line of the dicing line to a point distanced from the center line by a distance 1.8 times the thickness of the semiconductor substrate or less. The semiconductor substrate with semiconductor elements arranged therein is integrally formed by a sealing member.

Abstract: An electronic device, such as an integrated circuit formed on a single semiconductor chip, is mounted on a relatively flat insulative substrate, such as a chip carrier or printed circuit board, and electrically connected to electrical conductors on the substrate by means of a bonding material disposed between the device and substrate. The device is placed on the substrate with its electrically active surface in facing relationship with the substrate and with its electrical contact pads in registration with selected ones of the substrate conductors. The bonding material is substantially electrically conductive only along one axis which is orthogonal to the major planes of the device and substrate to provide an electrically conductive path between the contact pads and electrical conductors. The bonding material is allowed to accumulate along the perimeter of the electronic device to form a protective seal between the electronic device and the substrate.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus having a light source for providing an illumination light; an endoscope including illumination fiber optics for transmitting the illumination light to a foreground subject, and image fiber optics for sensing an optical image of the subject and transmitting this image; a video circuit for converting the optical image into a video signal; and a feedback circuit for converting the video signal into a light source drive signal and for continuously feeding the light source drive signal back to continuously set the light source so that the video signal is maintained at a substantially constant prescribed level.The light source, illumination fiber optics, image fiber optics, video circuit and feedback circuit jointly constitute an automatic level control loop which is continuously actuated as to continuously set the video signal to the substantially constant prescribed level.

Abstract: The optoelectronic device comprises an optical element for producing an image scan and an optical element for focusing on an array of detectors. The detected signals are processed by amplifying circuits and a thermal-drift correcting unit comprising an occultation device having two states. A correction loop of the unit includes a memory for storing the values of amplifying circuit signals in the first state of the occultation device, a first circuit for subtracting the stored values from the amplifying circuit outputs in order to compensate for thermal drift, a measuring circuit for obtaining the mean value of the amplified videofrequency signals, and a second circuit for subtracting the mean value from the signal of each detector.

Abstract: A projection cathode ray tube is provided with elements for correcting a spherical aberration in the optical system. These elements include a correction lens disposed in front of the tube and a masking member adjustably mounted on the lens. The masking member partially covers peripheral surface portions of the lens in an adjustable manner to obtain a high image resolution on the screen with a minimum decrease in the image brightness. Preferably, the masking member is removable or adjustable in the form of a masking tape or divided shutter attached to partial portions of the front face of the lens for removing an undesired aberration with a minimized shuttering area. The projection tube comprises in combination with the correction lens, a tube envelope including a convex target and a concave mirror disposed opposite to each other and having the same center of curvature. This structure with the adjustable masking achieves a high quality reception or image projection.

Abstract: This invention provides a facsimile transmitter capable, in transmitting the image signals with an image size modified in the principal scanning direction of the original image, of modulating the displacement of the original image in the auxiliary scanning direction in response to the rate of said modification of image size, for example image enlargement.The apparatus is further capable of regulating the displacement in the auxiliary scanning direction inversely proportional to the rate of said modification of image size in the principal scanning direction, further of indicating that said modification is for example an image enlargement, and of showing an intermittently lighted indication for example for an image enlargement during such signal transmission with modified image size in order to facilitate the confirmation of the transmission mode.

Abstract: The present invention allows code signals from a video signal to be read even though the signal is being reproduced at non-standard speed, a reference oscillator and programmable frequency divider are utilized with a time width detector and the frequency dividing ratio of the programmable frequency divider is controlled so as to assure that the video code signal can be detected even at non-standard speeds.

Abstract: A PCM record reproducer comprises a coder circuit for forming PCM signals by adding error detection codes to data signals in a predetermined pattern; a splice detection circuit for determining a splice point of a magnetic tape by finding inconsistency of the detected result of said error detection code depending upon said PCM signals read-out from said magnetic tape in which said PCM signals are recorded; and an editing circuit for editing said PCM signals when the splice point is determined by said splice detector circuit.

Abstract: A tape recorder is described which is substantially fully integrated and which performs the required functions of a tape recorder in either the recording or playback mode. The tape recorder is readily converted from the record to the play mode of operation by simple switching means which operate to control selected current sources on the integrated circuit to activate or inactivate the functional blocks of the integrated circuit involved in the selected mode of operation. By the use of a temperature compensated reference in the emitter path of a differentially connected transistor pair to stabilize the current in two current mirrors not simultaneously operated, one may stabilize current sources associated with either mirror. The arrangement thus permits a highly economical method of mode control while at the same time preserving high temperature stability in all of the controlled functional elements.

Abstract: An automatic-reversing tape deck arranged such that the magnetic tape advancing direction is automatically reversed when the tape is wholly wound during operation and then the operation is continued with the tape being advanced in the reversed direction, in which tape-advancement-direction changing signals are repeatedly generated by a circuit if the tape gets unable to advance because of a certain failure or accident, and the tape advancing operation is stopped when several tape-advancement-direction changing signals are counted by a counter. In this tape deck, wasteful power dissipation and harmful heat generation in the mechanism for changing the tape-advancement-direction can be avoided.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for generating a television signal including a discrete electronic audio signal in synchronization with a discrete electronic video signal. A magnetic audio tape having a first track of digital information and a second track of audio information, the tracks being in synchronization, is played on an audio tape deck. The first track of digital information is converted into a corresponding digital electronic signal and the second track of information is simultaneously converted into the discrete electronic audio output of the television signal. A video character generator receives at its input the digital electronic signal from the first track and converts the digital electronic signal into the discrete video signal of the television signal.

Abstract: A clutch system in a tape player comprises a first rotor rotated by a motor and a second rotor capable of engaging with and disengaging from said first rotor, both rotors being formed with engage portions at their end faces which are adjacent to each other. The clutch system is further provided with a switching means for carrying out engagement and disengagement of said rotors, and the switching means is operated by an operating means for making said motor carry out automatic loading operation.

Abstract: A magnetic data recording and reading device for a magnetic disk memory device including a spiral cam driven for rotation by a motor, a pivotal arm supporting a magnetic head at one end and a contact member at the other end for contacting the spiral cam, a pressing member for urging the contact member of the pivotal arm to press against the spiral cam, and a pivot for supporting the pivotal arm for pivotal movement. Upon rotation of the motor, the magnetic head at the one end of the pivotal arm is positioned on a magnetic disc to thereby effect magnetic recording and reading of data. The positioning of the magnetic head is effected in such a manner that the spiral cam rotated by the motor has the contact member of the pivotal arm press thereagainst to thereby move the pivotal arm in pivotal movement to permit the magnetic head to search along the magnetic disc.

Abstract: A magnetic head positioning mechanism positions a magnetic head carried on a carriage at a specific location on a magnetic disc through the movement of a belt mounted to a motor spindle of a step motor. The magnetic head positioning mechanism pulls one end of a belt of which the other end is wound or unwound around a motor pulley, thereby to constantly apply a rotation torque and thereby to eliminate an adverse effect by a dead zone due to the hysteresis phenomenon of the step motor. Alternatively, the rotation torque is always applied to the step motor by pulling the carriage in an access direction, thereby to improve the positioning accuracy of the head.

Abstract: An improved disk file is disclosed including multiple independent transducer/actuator arrays disposed about a common disk (stack) and adapted to afford a plurality of alternate "Data-paths" whereby (virtually any) track on any disk may be accessed for data-in/data-out using a selectible one of several "data paths".In one type embodiment, this is implemented by switching-over between electronic-control stages when one such stage fails.In another type embodiment, it is afforded by providing overlapping track coverage by multiple head-units. Here, for any given (pair of) disk faces, each of several actuator arrays is assigned a respective set of tracks to cover as its "primary responsibility", also being assigned another adjacent set of tracks as its "secondary" (back-up) responsibility.Such arrangements can provide such benefits as "multiple paths to data", and can convert "Hard" failure to "Soft" failure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a movable magnetic head block assembly for a double sided flexible magnetic disk storage device, wherein a pair of mutually opposed disk contacting surfaces, at least one of which comprises an electromagnetic transducer head, are in contact under pressure with the opposite sides of a magnetic disk so that information can be recorded or retrieved from the disk. To enable the unimpeded exchange of disks, an arrangement is provided whereby at least one of the disk contacting surfaces is mounted on an individual flexibly mounted retractable support arm which is normally urged under pressure against a stop, in the direction of the disk to place the disk contacting surfaces in position for normal operation, but which can be retracted against that pressure, thus withdrawing the disk contacting surface away from the surface of the disk, so that the disk may be exchanged without impediment.

Abstract: An improved recording and read head particularly suited for use with perpendicular recording techniques. The recording head can be fabricated either as a single head or as a multitrack array. If fabricated as a multitrack array, the head includes a plurality of main poles spaced closely to one another and a common long flux closing pole which completes a magnetic circuit between the main poles and the recording medium. Each main pole of the head array is individually addressable with a purpose of recording or reading by means of a flux gate arrangement. The flux gate may be utilized so that the head operates either in a conventional fashion by detecting the rate of change of induced flux or by detecting the magnitude of the induced flux.

Abstract: A thin film magnetic read/write transducer has a substrate of magnetic material forming a pair of disparate pole pieces. Arranged adjacent a movable magnetic medium, the disparate pole pieces are constructed so that the leading pole piece has a greater distal surface area than the trailing pole piece. In an alternative arrangement the leading pole piece distal surface is disposed a greater distance from the medium than the trailing pole piece. In yet another arrangement the trailing pole piece distal surface is disposed at an acute angle to the medium, and the leading pole piece surface may be at a lesser angle or parallel to the medium. The disparate pole pieces, so constructed and arranged, introduce compensating non-linearities to the writing magnetic field to substantially counteract the non-linear properties of the medium and of the recording process.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprises a substrate coated with a magnetic layer comprising a magnetic powder and a fine titanium oxide powder having a particle diameter of at least 0.4.mu. and at least one other fine hard non-magnetic powder.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having two coated magnetic layers of a first magnetic layer and a second magnetic layer on a non-magnetic substrate. The first magnetic layer has a coercive force of 400 to 590 Oe and a thickness of 2.1 to 2.8.mu. and said second magnetic layer has a coercive force of 590 to 800 Oe and a thickness of at least 2.1.mu..

Abstract: A magnetic recording disk comprising a non-magnetic substrate and two or more firmly adhering magnetizable layers applied to one or both sides thereof, the layer located directly on the substrate being magnetically isotropic, while the second layer and any additional layers exhibit orientation of the anisotropic magnetic particles parallel to the substrate and to the envisaged recording direction.

Abstract: A tape counter for a multispeed tape recorder having a multispeed tape transport, a speed switch for designating a specific tape speed of the transport, a tape running detector for generating count pulses in accordance with a reel rotation of the transport, and a counter for counting the count pulses. The tape running detector includes a variable frequency converter such as a variable frequency divider. The frequency divider performs, for example, a 1/2 frequency division when the speed switch designates a tape speed of 2.4 cm/s and performs a 1/1 frequency division when the speed switch designates a tape speed of 1.2 cm/s.

Abstract: A semiconductor circuit for protecting battery powered electronic devices from damage due to polarity reversal. A metal oxide semiconductor is employed in series with the power source to switch the power input as appropriate. A first embodiment simply disables the power source input upon improper polarity. A second embodiment actually reverses the effective polarity to the load. Because the source-to-drain impedance of the metal oxide semiconductor device is resistive, a number of protection devices may be used in parallel to achieve an arbitrarily low voltage drop between power source and load for a given current drain.

Abstract: An overload protection circuit for a semiconductor switch has a control line which can be shorted, via the collector-emitter path of a transistor, to the ground. The base of the transistor is connected to the output of a comparison stage. One input of the comparison stage is connected via a resistor to the control line, via a diode to the lead of the semiconductor switch facing away from the ground potential, and via a capacitor to ground. A fixed reference voltage is applied to the second input of the comparator stage.In this circuit, a control pulse is shorted as soon as the voltage across the semiconductor switch exceeds a given value because of overcurrent. The short circuit of the addressing pulse is cancelled again as soon as the latter goes back to zero.

Abstract: An improved system for sensing current flow in a single phase or polyphase circuit to be protected and deriving a single signal representing composite current flow. A ramp-like reference signal is applied to one input of a comparator at sampling intervals, and the outputs of a plurality of current amplifiers coupled to the other comparator input so that the duration of a change in signal output level of the comparator is an inverse function of composite current. An accumulator stage stores portions of incoming current signals less a predetermined fraction of previous accumulator contents. In the event of circuit interruption the accumulator is decremented in a manner which reflects the inferred thermal history of the system.

Abstract: A control for an AC circuit protection system which is capable of monitoring either single phase or polyphase current flow. The composite current envelope is periodically sampled and the sample values converted into digital form. Succeeding current signals are tested to determine whether they deviate from previous samples by a given amount. Non-deviant samples increment a first counter, while deviant samples increment a second counter. The ratio of the counts is used to recognize current imbalance and control system parameters are adjusted to compensate for the imbalance.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for bulk erasing magnetic tapes spirally wound on a carrier. A pair of magnetic structures are spaced apart by an air gap of sufficient width to receive the tape carrier. Circuitry is provided for producing a rotating magnetic field in the air gap substantially parallel with the tape. Preferably, the magnetic structures take the form of multi-legged iron cores. The cores are mounted so that corresponding legs on opposing cores have the same magnetic polarity. A phase shifter circuit is adapted to supply currents 90.degree. out of phase with one another to selected pairs of legs in the cores to create a rotating magnetic field in the air gap.

Abstract: A power supply system generates a.c. power which is applied through a high voltage transformer to the electrodes of a treater. It includes a converter circuit which transforms a.c. electric power to d.c. power and an inverter which transforms the d.c. power to a.c. power. A feedback circuit senses the power delivered to the treater and separate control of both inverter frequency and output voltage is employed to prevent arc-over during the treatment process. The power supply system is particularly responsive to sudden changes in the operating conditions, and this enables treatment of relatively thin materials on a bare metal roller.

Abstract: A controlled emission static eliminator system (wherein an A.C. high voltage is applied to the discharge electrodes of a static bar by way of a transformer) employs a biasing circuit in series with the primary of the transformer to control the amplitude and/or duration of the alternating potentials imposed on the corona discharge points. The biasing circuit includes a series-connected diode and variable resistance in one leg of a parallel network and a capacitor in the other leg. Selecting appropriate time constants for the resistance and capacitance will narrow the first half of the sine wave and broaden the second half to produce an excess of positive or negative ions, as desired, depending upon the direction of the diode. The ion emission can be controlled to yield an equal number of positive and negative ions or a predominance of ions of one polarity and can be accomplished regardless of whether the A.C. high voltage is directly connected or capacitively coupled to the points.

Abstract: In a metallized capacitor roll with margin electrodes offset at each roll end, a resistor is placed axially in the roll so that one end contacts an electrode across a margin and the other end protrudes from the roll end to be contacted by the schooping metal at the roll end.

Abstract: A capacitance type push-button switch which includes a movable member carried by the lower end of a key stem and including a holding member made of an elastic material of high compressibility and having a convex lower surface, a movable electrode made of an electrically conductive and flexible material held to the lower surface of the holding member, a dielectric film carried by the movable electrode and comprised of a synthetic resin of a fluoride type which can be brought into contact with two stationary electrodes to vary the capacitance therebetween, means including a pair of suspending pieces each carrying at their lower end portions a respective pawl adapted to engage the holding member when it is raised to its upper position for holding it in place, and means for releasing the pawls to bring the dielectric film into pressed contact with the stationary electrodes.

Abstract: A combinative electronic circuit element composed of a cube-shaped block having an electronic component assembled therein. The block contains a pair of recesses formed in one pair of its outer opposite surfaces and a pair of projections on another pair of outer opposite surfaces, hence a total of four block-engaging surfaces or four joints. To the bottom surface of each recess and to the top surface of each projection is fixed a contact plate, which is then connected to said electronic component within said block so that upon engagement of a recess of one block with a projection of another block, the two electronic components housed in the two blocks are in communication with each other. A plurality of blocks each containing a different electronic component can be put together according to a given electronic circuit diagram by bringing said recess and projection into union so as to form a complete electronic circuit.

Abstract: An electrical jack is supported, at its front end, on a circuit board, by a thin flat member having an aperture therein which is a sliding fit over a tubular extension on the front end of the jack. The flat member has a tongue extending radially inward of the aperture, the tongue being bent or deformed on insertion of the tubular extension in the aperture. The tongue grips the extension and sustains the flat member in position prior to attachment to the board. Legs on the bottom edge of the flat member pass through the circuit board and are attached to the back surface of the board, as by soldering. Terminals at the rear end of the jack pass through the board and are connected to a circuit. The flat member can have a plurality of apertures, for the support of a plurality of jacks positioned together.

Abstract: The invention comprises a connection array for establishing a plurality of electrical connections between circuit pads of a support, such as a circuit board, and contacts of an electrical housing, such as a hermetic chip carrier, wherein the contacts comprise semi-circular vertical indentations in the housing periphery with each indentation having a conductive layer therein. A plurality of pillars, which may be electroplated, extend vertically above the support in an array respectively corresponding to the outline of the indentations with each pillar being connected to different pad of the support and the pillars having dimensions to permit at least partial entry into the indentations whereby solder may be introduced between the pillars and associated conductive layers to establish visible and inspectable electrical connections therebetween.

Abstract: Two related miniature components are attached to opposite sides of an insulating base member. There are conductive pads and through-holes in the base member. The conductive areas on each component are wire-bonded to adjacent conductive areas on the base member. Some of the latter are coupled to the bottom surface of the assembly but the connections between the two components are made via metallization in the through-holes. Insulating covers seal each side of the assembly and the entire assembly may be reflow soldered to external circuitry.

Abstract: A solar simulator includes a lamp array of solar lamps pivotally connected to an array frame. The array frame is rotatably and pivotally mounted on a gantry crane, the elevation and lateral position of which are adjustable relative to the position of a solar collector to be tested. The solar simulator maintains the plane of the lamp array parallel to the plane of the test device for all elevations, lateral positions and rotational positions of the lamp array, and controls tilting of the lamps relative to the array frame to any desired angle of incidence. The solar simulator is operated to control the angle of incidence of radiation received by the solar collector to be tested and to vary the distance from the array of lamps to the solar collector in such a manner that the intensity of received radiation along the surface of the test device is uniform, thereby avoiding undesirable lateral gradients in temperature along the surface of the test device.

Abstract: In a lens barrel to which a flashlight-emitting device is mounted or may be mounted and which enables a very proximate object to be photographed, there is provided a light-intercepting member interposed in the path of the light emitted by the flashlight-emitting device in response to the operation of a lens optical system for rendering the lens barrel capable of effecting very proximate photography, the light-intercepting member being for intercepting part of the light emitted from the flashlight-emitting device and travelling toward the optical axis of the lens optical system.

Abstract: A mobile lighting unit which includes a plurality of lighting fixtures, each utilizing high-wattage, high-intensity lamps. The fixtures comprise a socket and hemispherical reflector assembly which are vertically and horizontally adjustably mounted to a lighting rack by an adjustable elbow member. The lamps are positioned in said fixtures so that their longitudinal axis is parallel to the light beam formed by the reflector, requiring one end of the lamp to be inserted in the socket and the other end to extend to the center of the hemispherical reflector. The lamps are cooled by pressurized air produced by a fan and transported through air tight channels in the lighting rack. The lamps are shock-dampened by mounting their socket end to a metal spring located on the interior wall of the socket and by attaching wires to the front end of the lamp, which are in turn attached to metal springs on the interior surface of the reflector. Thus, the lamp is fully shock absorber protected.

Abstract: A portable navigation light system for barges in which the legally required three lights are provided by a set of three, self-contained units. Each unit contains its own power supply, light activating mechanism, light source so configured as to show over the required arc of the horizon with the required range of visibility, and means for affixing the unit to the barge. Each unit incorporates an integral carrying handle and is configured so that the three units nest one inside of the other with their respective handles coinciding as one, thereby permitting the carrying of the nested units as one.

Abstract: A relatively light weight, low cost compact safety light which may be worn or carried by athletes such as joggers, runners, cyclists, etc. is provided. The safety light is comprised of a light source coupleable to a battery power supply by a position sensitive switch which is sensitive to movement of the athlete and provides intermittent bursts of light which are highly visible to oncoming cars. In one embodiment, the light source is comprised of a light emitting diode coupled to one or more pen light batteries by a position sensitive switch such as a mercury switch. One or more lense members are provided to increase the visibility of the light generated by the light source. A first reflective means located within the safety light housing is utilized to reflect the light generated by the light source through the lense member while a second reflective means located on the outside of the housing provides additional reflectivity for the light generated by oncoming cars.

Abstract: A mine lamp has a support to which is releasably secured a flat base plate having a stepped outer edge and a forwardly directed face. This outer edge is formed with an annular abutment surface lying in a plane generally parallel to and offset backwardly from the face and an annular outwardly directed guide surface inclined at an angle to the abutment surface. A light tube is releasably supported on the base plate within the edge and in front of the face. A concave, at least partially transparent, and at least limitedly elastically deformable cover has an end wall generally parallel to and offset forwardly of the face and a continuous annular side wall extending backwardly from the end wall and having an annular rear edge formed with an annular and generally planar surface engaging backwardly against the abutment surface and an annular retaining surface engaging inwardly against the guide surface.

Abstract: Multi-compartment lamp for vehicles that has a one-piece sheet-metal lamp holder (5) incorporating, first, sockets (4, 11) consisting of openings (11) for bulbs and of bodies (4) surrounding a base and molded in one piece with the holder or reflector body or with a rear-beam mask (3) and, second, at least one nominal expansion site consisting of a punched-out U-shaped path between the sockets (4, 11), which are widely separated, characterized in that the two parallel legs (15a, 15b) of the U-shaped path are oriented along the direction of the desired lamp-holder expansion and in that the area (15) between the legs (15a, 15b) is bent out of the plane of the lamp holder (5) at an angle of 90.degree..

Abstract: A charging device for traction batteries of an electric vehicle consists of a converter module with at least two d.c. blocking converters, each including a control power transistor, a cutoff relief circuit, and a power transformer. The secondary winding of the transformer is connected in series with a rectifier diode and a smoothing capacitor is connected in parallel to the series circuit. The parallel-connected secondary sides of the two blocking converters are connected in such a way that the one secondary winding on the one hand is connected to the negative output terminal and on the other hand by way of one rectifier diode to the positive output terminal. Another secondary winding is connected on the one hand to the positive output terminal and, on the other hand, by way of another rectifier diode to the negative output terminal. A relief circuit composed of diodes is provided on the secondary side of the transformer.

Abstract: A rectifier controller for controlling bridge connected silicon control rectifiers (SCRs) (1 to 6) of a three-phase rectifier which is used to supply a direct current (DC) voltage to an inverter (314) used for injecting pulse coded audio frequency signals on a power line. The controller supplies gate control signals to the SCRs (1 to 6) of the rectifier bridge in accordance with the envelope of the three-phase supply voltages and provides for protection of the inverter (314) when shoot-through conditions occur in the inverter (314) and provides for output DC voltage adjustment by controlling the firing time of the rectifier bridge SCRs.

Abstract: A circuit is provided for regulating the application of power to a load which is relatively insensitive to rapid power fluctuation of the type exemplified by typical AC line sources. In one embodiment, an AC line source is applied at a controlled rate to a tungsten lamp whose operation is controlled by a transistor switching network. The transistor operation, in turn, is controlled by comparing a portion of the rectified signal with a signal proportional to the light output of the lamp.