Abstract: A closure arrangement for stoppering bottles with pressurized, carbonated, water-based liquid contents which comprises in combination; a bottle having a body portion, an elongated neck portion with two annular flanges thereon, and a mouth portion; and a one-piece elastomeric plastic molded corking means having an elongated cylindrical stopper insertable into the mouth of the bottle, a head connected to the stopper, an annular, circumferential ring positioned below the head, concentric with the stopper and capable of being received between the two annular flanges, a flexible, elongated folded tether connecting the ring to the head, and a plurality of short frangible bridges connecting the ring to the head, said bridges breaking when the ring is forced between the two flanges. The elongated tether provides a means for preventing injury when the cork is removed from the bottle.

Abstract: A heatable sealing head includes resilient, yielding cup springs which transmit pressure and heat to a thin cover insertable between the sealing head and the container rim. This cover, which may be metallic and is coated on the underside with a thermoplastic material, is thereby deformed about portions of the container rim. The cup springs are disposed conically in their relaxed state so that their radially outer portions are situated closer to the cover than their radially inner portions, by which they are fixed to the sealing head. For increasing the flexibility of the cup springs, a spacer piece is inserted between an outer cup spring facing the cover and at least one cup spring nearer the sealing head in order to keep the radially inner portions of these two cup springs spaced from one another while leaving a clearance space between the radially outer portions of the spaced cup springs.

Abstract: A reclosable package, e.g. for food products, is made by sealing one side of a closure strip to a first thermoplastic sheet; enclosing a product between that first sheet and a second thermoplastic sheet with the closure strip inside the enclosure; and, sealing another side of the closure strip to the second sheet while the strip and product are so enclosed.

Abstract: Volume batcher for fluent materials, particularly suitable for high speed packaging machines of filter-bags for infusion products such as tea, camomile and similar which comprises a cylindrical drum provided with radial pockets rotating about an horizontal axis below a feed hopper of the product to make up. A filter paper strip is made adherent advance with the cylindrical surface of the drum closing said pockets from the top dead center to the bottom dead center from where it horizontally continues with the quantities of product on it to a packaging station. Said pockets have a volume variable structure by means of a cylinder shaped inside hollow piston member in communication with atmosphere and with at least the radially most outer head perforated.

Abstract: The method for automatically controlling the height of a header used with a farm implement comprises the steps of: sensing the height of the header above ground; selecting a desired height of the header above ground; determining any difference error between the selected height and the sensed height; determining the direction of the difference error, up or down; generating an electrical correction pulse having a duty cycle directly related to the amount of the difference error; supplying the electrical correction pulse to solenoid operated valving means to cause same to supply and/or relieve a pulse of pressurized fluid to a mechanism for raising or lowering the header; and repeating the above steps automatically and continuously to move the header in intermittent pulses toward the selected height, thereby automatically to control the height of the header above ground.

Abstract: The tine includes a base and a tine extending therefrom and is mounted to the belt by a single bolt extending through the belt and base. A rib is formed on the underside of the base which engages the surface of the belt and enables the tine to be positioned at an angle to the plane of the belt and to be held by the rib which prevents it from turning. The tines may be made from plastic, metal or metal covered with plastic or rubber. The flexibility of the belt and the tine reduce the possibility of the tine assembly from picking up rocks and it can be used on such implements as pick-up reels, on combine harvesters, balers, windrow turners, side delivery rakes, and the like.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing metallic cords having layers of wires twisted around a wire core, with great efficiency and low costs, of the outer collection kind, comprises two double-twist cabling machines in series, mutually co-axial and joined together in such a way that the ratio of the rotational velocities of two cages differ and can be changed while the apparatus is in operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for joining textile threads with the aid of compressed air, for mounting in an automatic winding machine, comprises, in front of and behind a mixing chamber, opposing walls with guides for positioning the threads laterally to the chamber and perpendicularly to its longitudinal axis. The front wall carries members for crossing-over the threads before their insertion into the chamber. In the vicinity of the positioning guides for the thread locking members, the opposing wall, at which the threads to be joined enter the apparatus, carries adjustable members for adjusting the length of the free ends of the threads after they have been cut, and an adjustable member for operating a valve which controls the entry of compressed air into the chamber. A control drum which can be coupled to a power take-off of the winding machine is provided with profiled cam grooves for controlling the movements of the mobile members of the apparatus.

Abstract: In an apparatus for joining textile threads with the aid of compressed air, there is provided a device for checking the tearing strength of the joint zone of the threads before their extraction from the apparatus. The device comprises at least one mobile member arranged to act on the loop formed by the joined threads with a predetermined traction force at an intermediate point between the points at which the threads are locked at the apparatus inlet. Control means are provided which are operated so that they travel through a predetermined outward and return stroke and act on said mobile member by way of a yieldable coupling which is set to yield when the predetermined traction force is exceeded.

Abstract: The device is composed of a spindle (7) which is provided with a drive means (9 and 10), and of a member for providing a twist, in the form of a bell (1), which encloses the spindle and can be rotated about the extended spindle axis. The bell is mounted independently of the spindle and provided with a drive means (5 and 6), which is furnished with a built-in freewheel (4) to enable the bell to rotate more rapidly than its drive means.

Abstract: Method to produce an entangled yarn product by air entangling a drawn core yarn and a drawn effect yarn. The effect yarn draw ratio is higher than the core yarn draw ratio which results in a composite yarn in which the birefringence of the core yarn is greater than that of the effect yarn.

Abstract: A false twisting air nozzle for use in fasciated yarn spinning and the like. The air nozzle has a fiber bundle passage for allowing a fiber bundle to pass therethrough in a direction, the fiber bundle passage including an inlet, a smaller-diameter hole portion, and a larger-diameter hole portion which are arranged in series. An air injection hole has end opening tangentially and downstream in the larger-diameter hole portion. Air passages are disposed around the smaller-diameter hole portion and held in communication with the larger-diameter hole portion for increasing the force with which the fiber bundle can be drawn into the air nozzle. The air passages may be a plurality of slots defined in an inner wall surface of the smaller-diameter hole portion or a plurality of independent holes defined radially outwardly of the smaller-diameter hole portion.

Abstract: A fuel control system for a gas turbine engine comprises a main steady-state fuel control unit which adjusts the fuel flow to the engine to produce an approximation to a desired thrust and a trimmer device which trims the fuel flow demanded by the main unit to produce a closer approximation to the desired thrust. During transients such as accelerations a trimmer suitable for steady operation will apply zero trim until the desired thrust is almost attained, when an amount of trim may have to be applied rapidly. This can lead to overshoots.To mitigate the problem the trimmer is provided with a model of the main control unit which derives an approximation to the trim which will be required when the steady state is reached. This is applied to the main unit throughout the transients, and when the desired thrust is achieved only second-order changes need to be made.

Abstract: A motorcycle having an internal combustion engine mounted on a main frame and including suction and exhaust systems, an exhaust gas cleaning means adapted to supply secondary air to the exhaust system for cleaning an exhaust gas flowing therethrough, a carburetor provided in the suction system and provided with a throttle valve therein, and a throttle opener provided on the carburetor and adapted to open the throttle valve slightly while the internal combustion engine is decelerated. A secondary air supply passage is connected to the exhaust system, and a flow rate of the secondary air flowing through the passage is controlled by a secondary air control valve. When a vehicle speed of the motorcycle has decreased to a level not higher than a predetermined level, the secondary air control valve is closed to stop supplying the secondary air to the exhaust system, and the operation of the throttle opener is rendered ineffective simultaneously. This prevents the temperature of the exhaust gas from increasing.

Abstract: An improvement of an exhaust gas cleaning system for an internal combustion engine which is provided with a secondary air feed system connected to an exhaust port and a reed valve device opened on an exhaust pulsation pressure arising in the exhaust port to feed secondary air to the exhaust port.The secondry air feed system has an upstream side secondary air passage through to the atmosphere and a downstream side secondary air passage formed on a thick wall zone of the internal combustion engine proper and connected through to the exhaust port. The reed valve device has a valve casing installed on the circumference of the engine proper, an inflow port connected to the upstream side secondary air passage, and an efflux port connected to the downstream side secondary air passage. The valve casing is partitioned internally into an upstream chamber provided adjacently to the engine proper and a downstream chamber provided on a side away from the engine proper across the upstream chamber.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaning device of an internal combustion engine wherein a secondary-air supply passage is connected to an exhaust system of the engine and a reed valve means is provided in the intermediate part of the secondary-air supply passage for opening in response to the pulsation pressure of the exhaust gas in the exhaust system to supply secondary air for cleaning exhaust gas to an exhaust passage and burn the unburnt components present in the exhaust passage thereby to clean exhaust gas. A desired amount of secondary air is supplied to each of a plurality of exhaust systems so that the exhaust gas cleaning efficiency as well as the reliability and durability of the reed valve means are improved and moreover a good external appearance is obtained.

Abstract: A priority flow control system in which the priority feature is obtained by progressively lowering the pressure differential of nonpriority valves, once the maximum pump output is reached, so that all of the system valves always retain their compensated proportional flow feature.

Abstract: A rotary external combustion engine wherein energy is supplied to a working space of the engine by direct injection into the stator of liquid water at a high temperature and pressure. The water acts as a heat-transfer medium. Some of the liquid water spontaneously vaporizes on injection, during the rotor. Liquid water is exhausted from the working space and recycled to an external heat exchanger for reheating prior to reinjection. The engine is capable of a thermal efficiency greater than that of the Rankine cycle.

Abstract: In a pneumatic-hydraulic system for driving a hydraulic actuator, a single pneumatic-hydraulic converter includes a cylinder casing with inlet and outlet ports and a plunger reciprocably disposed within the casing to form a hydraulic chamber in open communication with the inlet and outlet ports and a pneumatic chamber for connection to a pneumatic pressure source, the hydraulic chamber having a displacement capacity filled with a predetermined amount of hydraulic fluid necessary for producing at least one reciprocating motion of the actuator.

Abstract: A tandem master cylinder has a primary and secondary pistons disposed within cylinder bore formed in a cylinder housing, in tandem relationship. The secondary cylinder is formed with a longitudinally extending bore in which is disposed a pressure regulating valve. The pressure regulating valve has a variable set pressure which defines a split point with respect to the pressure applied to the front and rear wheel cylinders. The pressure regulating valve includes a member for varying the set pressure in response to damage to the hydraulic circuit of the front wheel cylinders for setting the split point higher than in the normal state.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the flow of the exhaust gas in an internal combustion engine including a turbocharger, a catalytic converter in an exhaust duct, and a throttle valve in an intake duct, wherein the apparatus comprises a bypass passage bypassing a turbine of the turbocharger, a waste gate valve which controls the amount of the exhaust gas passing therethrough, an actuator for actuating the waste gate valve which has first and second pressure chambers separated from one another, and a switching valve which selectively connects the second pressure chamber to the atmosphere or to the intake vacuum area, the first pressure chamber being connected to the delivery pressure area of the turbocharger by means of a conduit which is connected to an atmospheric pressure area via a restriction.

Abstract: Power is recovered from the vaporization of liquefied natural gas by warming and vaporizing the liquefied natural gas against a first multicomponent stream which is cooled and liquefied. The liquefied multicomponent stream is pumped to an elevated pressure and is warmed and vaporized against a second multicomponent stream which is cooled and liquefied. The warmed first multicomponent stream is heated, expanded through a generator loaded expander and recycled. The liquefied second multicomponent stream is pumped to an elevated pressure, heated, vaporized and expanded through a second generator loaded expander and recycled.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for controlling a steam turbine system for a combined cycle power plant using measured parameters to control the position of dampers regulating heat flow to steam generating equipment so as to limit thermal stresses, drum level surge and to provide load-following capabilities.

Abstract: An atomizer nozzle for continuous fuel injection is provided. The nozzle can serve as a main injection nozzle or as an igniter for combustion chambers, and is provided with a single-hole fuel nozzle, and an annular gap for possible additional air supply located coaxially therebefore. The chamber or space between the nozzle opening and the annular gap is connected by pressure equalization openings with the combustion chamber behind or after the annular gap. The pressure equalization openings are represented and defined by individual spacers between the fuel nozzle body and the air nozzle ring.

Abstract: A dual cooling tunnel arrangement for cooling viscous heated fluid foodstuffs in flexible bags. The flexible bags containing the heated fluids are received on pivoted wire carriers which are driven by an endless chain through an upper cooling tunnel in a first direction and returned through a second cooling tunnel in the opposite direction. In each cooling tunnel, a cooling water spray is directed on the bags in the carriers as the carriers are slowly rocked, causing the fluid in each bag to flow to different areas of the bag, altering its shape, to produce enhanced heat transfer rates and a more uniform temperature distribution throughout the fluid during cooling.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for recovery of waste heat from thermomechanical pulping systems and the like in which waste heat in the form of steam exhausted from the mechanical pulper and latency chest portions of the thermomechanical pulping system are respectively passed through first and second evaporators which increase the enthalpy of the working liquid. The working fluid outputted from the first evaporator passes through a first compressor to significantly increase both pressure and temperature and further increase enthalpy. The working fluid at the outlet of the first compressor then undergoes desuperheating within an intercooling tank. The liquid phase of the working fluid is passed from said tank to the inputs of both evaporators, while the vapor phase merges with the working fluid outputted from the second evaporator and enters a second compressor to undergo further increases in pressure and temperature.

Abstract: A closed circuit refrigeration system includes a compressor, a remote condenser connected to the output of the compressor, and one or more evaporators coupled within the system. A hot gas defrost system is included to rapidly obtain a high operating defrost gas pressure upon the initiation of a defrost cycle and to thereafter maintain an adequate pressure for hot gas defrosting of the evaporators. The hot gas defrost system includes a differential pressure regulated valve which closes the compressor discharge line to shunt the hot gas discharge directly into a hot gas defrost manifold. The differential valve is controlled by a defrost control means. The refrigeration system can also include a receiver tank and a by-pass conduit for shunting refrigerant liquid through the by-pass conduit rather than through the receiver tank depending upon operating conditions. A method of operating a closed circuit refrigeration system with the above features is set forth.

Abstract: Method for controlling humidity levels of internal ambient air for aircraft, utilizing air water separation devices for dehumidification strategically located so as to dehumidify ambient air prior to exhausting the air overboard from the aircraft. At least a portion of the water so recovered is utilized in fluid or vapor form to maintain desired humidity levels on the aircraft.

Abstract: A beverage cooling device which mounts on top of a cabinet so that a warm beverage, such as beer carried in a keg is cooled prior to flowing out of a faucet. The apparatus includes a cylindrical container having an evaporator coil positioned closely adjacent an inner wall and a beverage dispensing coil centrally positioned within the container. A space is provided between the inner wall of the container and the beverage dispensing coil so as to permit ice to build up on the wall of the container. A power-operated propellor is centrally located within the container for circulating water over the layer of ice and around the beverage dispensing coil to enhance the cooling of the beer flowing through the coil. A temperature sensor is carried in the water between the ice layer and the beverage cooling coil for controlling the operation of a compressor for maintaining the proper temperature of water in the container.

Abstract: A vapor cycle refrigeration air chiller having two separate refrigeration systems in a single unitized frame. The first system producing a continuous cooling effect when supplied with alternating current power from an external source. The second refrigeration system operates to cool eutectic plates during alternating current operation. Air distribution is modified by a damper integral with a transporter containing the chiller and airborne food tray carts. Cooled air enters the carts from the chiller for pulldown and storage during alternating current operation. For transportation the chiller utilizes a self-contained battery operated, direct current fan with the damper spring loaded open, allowing the air to circulate over the eutectic plates and then around the food tray carts maintaining product temperature.

Abstract: A heat accumulator and heat pipes are connected to an absorption cooling and heating system including a generator, two outdoor heat exchangers, an expansion valve for cooling, an expansion valve for heating, an expansion valve for defrosting, two indoor heat exchangers, a pressure reducing valve for solutions, a solution pump and a plurality of valves for switching between channels, wherein the first of the two indoor heat exchangers functions as a condenser, the two indoor heat exchangers function as evaporators and the second outdoor heat exchanger functions as an absorber in a cooling mode, the first indoor heat exchanger functions as a condenser, the two indoor heat exchangers function as evaporators and the second indoor heat exchanger functions as an absorber in a heating mode, and the two indoor heat exchangers function as condensers and the second indoor heat exchanger functions as an absorber in a defrosting mode.

Abstract: A heat exchanger assembly for a refrigeration system is disclosed. The assembly is a single vessel construction having an evaporator, condenser and flash subcooler. A plate inside the shell separates the evaporator from the condenser and the flash subcooler, and a partition inside the vessel separates the condenser from the flash subcooler. Removable orifice means in the partition control flow of refrigerant into the subcooler from the condenser. Removable solid pipe plugs in the shell of the vessel provide access to the orifice means so that, if desired, an individual orifice means may be removed and replaced with another, different sized orifice means.

Abstract: A warp knitting machine has a weft thread magazine, a substrate providing arrangement and at least one barrier element, preferably a holding down means, on the side of the substrate path opposite the needle bar. The weft thread path runs on the side of the substrate path opposite the side facing the needle bar. There is provided at least one forwarding arrangement which by protruding into the weft thread path separates each first weft thread from the one following and transports the former to the rearward side of the needles. The barrier element has an aperture for the passage therethrough for each forwarding arrangement.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a cloth continuously with the use of low-temperature plasma comprising a reactor provided with seal mechanisms, a plurality of cloth guide rolls provided up and down in the reactor for transporting a cloth zigzag forming snaky undulations, a plurality of partition walls provided up and down alternately in the reactor for forming zigzag cloth passages to transport the cloth therebetween, a gas supply opening provided in the vicinity of the cloth outlet for jetting a gas to the zigzag cloth passages, a pair of electrode plates provided in adjacent to the gas supply opening for producing low-temperature plasma with the combined use of high frequency electric wave applied thereto and the gas jetted from the gas supply opening, and a vacuum duct provided in the vicinity of the cloth inlet of the reactor. It is preferable further to provide a plurality of electrode pairs in the reactor by putting the zigzag cloth passages therebetween.

Abstract: A laundry machine has means for receiving water and fabrics to be laundered therein. An electronically commutated motor is adapted to be electronically commutated in a plurality of different sequences to effect oscillation and unidirectional rotation of the receiving means so as to launder the fabrics in the fluid and thereafter centrifugally displace water from the fabrics, and driving means is associated between the electronically commutated motor and the receiving means.

Abstract: An annular workpiece (114), in blank form, is snugly received within a central opening portion of an annular die member (78) having a radially inwardly directed die face. The two ends of the workpiece make sealing contact with radially inwardly sloping outer sidewall portions (118) of annular seal grooves (116) formed in support members (36, 54) for the two ends of the workpiece (114). The support members (36, 54) and the annular die member (78) are heated, by the use of induction heating apparatus (38, 42, 80, 100, 102, 52, 54), while a molten metal is pressure fed into the interior of the workpiece. The molten metal is pressurized while it is within the workpiece and it functions to both heat the workpiece and press it radially outwardly into forming contact with the die face. As the workpiece is being stretched in this manner and is taking the shape of the die face, the two end support members (36, 54) are being moved relatively together.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for providing a circumferential groove in a thin-walled cylindrical metal object such as the can or container (A) for a battery cell. As each object moves along a path (51, 90) defined between guide rails (42, 44, 46, 48, 88) and star wheels (56, 58, 78), it is supported on a spring-biased plunger (102-112) positioned in a rotatable support table (96-100). In the preferred embodiment, a groove-forming mandrel (132-138) is gradually inserted into the object as it moves along the path so that a radially extending shoulder (134) of the mandrel engages the lip of the open end of the object before the object is contacted by a groove-forming wheel (158, 160) which is rotated adjacent the path. A tapered surface (138) on the grooving mandrel and a radially extending flange (160) on the grooving wheel cooperate to form a circumferentially extending groove in the wall of the object while the object rotates. Following formation of the groove, the mandrel is withdrawn from the object.

Abstract: A crankshaft rolling machine rotatably guides a crankshaft to be rolled. At least one movable rolling fixture carrying rolling dies is positionally controlled by two synchronously driven rotatable cranks having parallel mounting shafts. Eccentric crank pins are coupled to the fixture. An adjustable connection is interposed between crank pins and mounting shafts of the cranks.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a spiral tube including the steps of positioning an elongated mandrel within a tube, grasping the ends of the tube, forming a point of reduced resistance to torsional force in the wall of the tube, rotating one end of the tube while the other end is held stationary to cause the formation of a spiral groove in the tube, the mandrel defining the minimum interior diameter of the spiral tube so formed, and advancing the means grasping the tube towards each other to compensate for the reduction of length of the tube as the spiral groove therein is formed, and maintaining at least the area of the tube at which the spiral groove is being formed at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: A universal coupling comprising an outer element integral with a first shaft having a spherical cavity inside which are formed grooves, an inner element integral with a second shaft and having an external surface in which grooves are also formed whose bottom has a section through a plane passing through the axis of the inner element formed by an arc of a curve, rolling means being disposed between the pairs of grooves, these rolling means being held in the windows of a cage. The inner element has on its outer surface a cylindrical surface portion situated substantially in the median region in the axial direction and extending at least substantially as far as the plane orthogonal to the axis containing the points of the bottoms the furthest from the axis, this portion being extended on each side by spherical surface portions intended to mate with the inner surface of the cage.

Abstract: A programmable ultrasonic thickness and acoustic velocity measuring instrument is provided which includes automatic zeroing (calibrating) means, automatic temperature compensation and high temperature warning means, automatic probe identification means, means for automatically correcting the measurement readings for probe characteristics, means for storing and displaying of the minimum wall thickness during a predetermined time interval, and means for providing a display indicative of the difference between a measured thickness and a preprogrammed value.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for determining the asbestos fiber release potential of asbestos-containing compositions comprises an impact member which is repeatedly impacted with a selected area of the asbestos-containing composition and in which asbestos fibers which become airborne as a result of the impacts are collected by means of a collector system disposed around the area of impact. The invention has particular utility for the in situ testing of asbestos-containing fire-retardant compositions which have been previously applied to structural elements of buildings.

Abstract: A method, and apparatus for carrying out the method, for detecting knocking operation in externally auto-ignited internal combustion engines. The radiation emitted from the combustion chamber gases is detected with a knock sensor and is passed on. Suitable as a knock sensor are photo-conductive fibers which are preferably accommodated in the central electrode of the spark plug. The radiation detected by the knock sensor is conveyed through a transmission mechanism, which can also be constructed of photo-conductive fibers, to a radiation receiver and a signal converter, for example a photo-multiplier, and is subsequently processed in a processing logic. The processing logic delivers an output signal when knocking operation exists. This output signal can either be indicated, and/or can be utilized to control the parameters which influence the knocking combustion.

Abstract: A gauge for determining the existence of irregularities in a surface of an article includes a housing and a probe having a fluid outlet for the passage of fluid under pressure therethrough which is mounted within the housing for movement between neutral and a sensing position. The gauge further includes a sensor for detecting the pressure of the fluid in the sensing position of the probe. A micro switch, normally spaced from the probe is adapted to signal an extreme movement of the probe beyond the sensing position when no material of the part tested is present. A modified gauge replaces a probe valve and includes a control sleeve and a push arm which engages a second micro switch in the electrical circuit responding to any retraction of the probe. A method is also disclosed, including the steps of moving the probe between a neutral and sensing position and detecting the pressure of the fluid in the sensing position of the probe.

Abstract: A leak detection device for integrating a small amount of flow of fluid having a measuring unit capable of generating a series of pulses, a space between the pulses being varied in inverse proportion to the measured flow rate of fluid, a timer arranged to generate periodic timing signals for a deciding unit time interval for taking a measurement, a first integrating unit, a leakage decision unit and a second integrating unit. The first integrating unit is connected to receive and count the series of pulses from the flow measuring unit and to be reset by the respective timing signals from the timer. The leakage decision unit compares the corresponding value of the measured flow rate from the first integrating unit with a predetermined reference value, and the second integrating unit is connected for integrating the corresponding value of the measured flow rate from the first integrating unit in response to the leakage detection signals.

Abstract: A viscoelastometer for measuring and displaying a viscoelastic effect in a liquid such as water, oils, paints, blood or thickened liquids or suspensions including types commonly used as foods or pharmaceuticals as a reproducible force time signature.

Abstract: An adapter for coupling microwave energy or both microwave and spark energy into the combustion chamber of a gasoline engine through the chamber spark plug comprising a sleeve adapted at one end to be tightly received over the spark plug insulator housing, and a connector carried at the opposing sleeve end and adapted for connection to a spark plug lead for transmitting spark energy to the spark plug electrodes. A microwave antenna is carried externally of the sleeve for transmitting microwave energy in a waveguide mode through the sleeve and through the insulator housing into the engine chamber while substantially bypassing the spark energy conduction path. The antenna, which may comprise a square loop antenna disposed in a plane parallel to the sleeve and spark plug axes, is adapted to be coupled to a source of microwave energy for monitoring of engine ignition events, etc.

Abstract: An electrically controlled fuel metering system having an air flow rate meter device in the air intake tube and a subsequent linearizing circuit layout is proposed. The linearizing circuit layout functions in accordance with the point-slope method and is embodied as a voltage-to-current converter. A first exemplary embodiment of the linearizing circuit layout has transistors coupled with one another respectively at the base and collector sides, the emitters of which are connected with different potentials and are triggered on the base side. In a second exemplary embodiment, individual transistors or transistors which are combined into groups receive their trigger signal via separate amplifiers, while the collectors in turn are carried to a common output point and the emitters likewise have different signal levels. Because of its relatively simple design, the proposed embodiments are particularly well suited to the purposes of integration.

Abstract: This invention adapts stored engine control parameters to variations in the air and fuel supply systems to improve open loop air fuel ratio control. An offset amount is calculated which is to be added to measured air flow in an internal combustion engine capable of operating in an open loop mode and a closed loop mode. In the method, an engine operating condition in a closed loop mode at idle is established. The current average fuel control signal is calculated. The current average fuel control signal is compared to a previous average open loop fuel control signal to obtain a difference average fuel control signal. An offset control signal is generated as a function of the difference average fuel control signal and is to be added to all future air flow measurements thereby providing for adaptive correction and more accurate air fuel ratio control in the open loop mode.

Abstract: A liquid injection regulator for use in an injection amount measuring apparatus has seal sections for sealing an injection chamber to be charged with fuel oil and a fuel oil discharge port, respectively, and a control valve having portions thereof which constitute parts of the two seal sections. The control valve departs from the injection chamber to release the two seal sections to thereby discharge the liquid and after completion of the discharge of liquid, returns to the liquid injection chamber while sealing the liquid discharge port to thereby raise pressure in the liquid injection chamber.