Abstract: A harness for a horse comprises leash means having a first portion and a second portion, (a) said first portion being forked to provide first and second side leashes each having end portions, (b) and second portion being a portion selected from the alternative portions: (i) a portion positionable under said horse and fastenable to the horse's tail, (ii) a portion positionable under said horse and fastenable to a girth for said horse, and (iii) a portion positionable at a front portion of said horse and fastenable to means carried by that front portion; first support means fastenable to bridle means such that said first side leash will be supported by said first support means so as to be running movable relative to said bridle means; and second support means fastenable to said bridle means such that said second side leash will be supported by said second support means so as to be running movable relative to said bridle means.

Abstract: A universal grass edger and trimmer attachment is disclosed utilizing a rotary flexible drive shaft whose operating end is supported by a multipositional boom.

Abstract: A crop gathering attachment for a crop harvesting machine is disclosed wherein a feeder mechanism is disposed between the cutterbar and the consolidating auger. The feeder mechanism includes a plurality of transversely mounted rotary members having crop conveying members in the form of helical flanges radially affixed thereto and rotatable therewith. The rotary members are mounted such that the crop conveying members on each of the rotary members interleave with the crop conveying members of the adjacent rotary members. The rotary members are rotated in the same direction so that the crop conveying members constitute in effect a moving floor operable to transfer crop from the cutterbar generally longitudinally of the attachment to the consolidating auger for feeding to the crop harvesting machine for further harvesting treatment.

Abstract: A shield for a rotary mower blade drive is received on locating dowels fixed to the blade housing and are retained thereon by a pair of U-shaped latch rods that are either vertically pivotally mounted to the shield or vertically pivotally mounted to the housing. In the case where the rods are carried by the shield, they are located beneath gauge wheel support members which are fixed to the housing and have recesses which receive the rods when the latter are in upright, resiliently deflected conditions wherein they bias the shield against the blade housing. In the case where the rods are carried by the housing, the shield has raised portions which define recesses which receive the rods when the latter are in upright, resiliently deflected conditions wherein they bias the shield against the blade housing. In both cases, the shields are properly located by dowels or pins fixed to the housing.

Abstract: An attachment is provided for a feed auger of the type having a cylindrical drum mounted for rotation about a longitudinal axis, spiral flights mounted on opposite longitudinal ends of the drum, and a central drum portion having a plurality of radially extending feed fingers. The attachment is resilient and is mounted on and extends radially from the central drum portion about the fingers. During operation of the auger, the attachment prevents the accumulation of vegetation on the auger, improves the feeding of the vegetation to the combine throat and protects the auger from damage.

Abstract: An agricultural machine for the tedding or conditioning of fodder comprises a pair of drums (1,2) rotatable about shafts (12,13) which are slightly inclined in the forwards direction of travel (A) of the machine. The drums (1,2) are interconnected by a chassis (3) which is connected to a coupling member (4) by a connecting beam (5). The coupling member (4) has attachment points (6,7,8) for coupling the machine to a tractor. Each drum (1,2) carries at its lower portion a flexible, deformable skirt (17,18) for grasping and transporting the fodder. The skirts are associated with tedding or conditioning means which may comprise ribs (20) on the upper surfaces of the skirts (17,18) or other means (not shown).

Abstract: A two-for-one twisting spindle has a compressed-air-actuating device which is disposed in the region of the hollow axle (21) of the spindle (1) above the spindle rotor, and which influences the run of the yarn and to which a compressed-air passage (29), extending through a stationary part (7) of the spindle, leads, in order to prevent the yarn from being drawn through the hollow axle of the spindle in the event of breakage of the yarn. The compressed-air-actuated device is a compressed-air-cylinder (27) whose axis intersects the hollow axle of the spindle at right angles thereto and whose outer wall has two openings (25) which are located diametrically opposite one another and which are in alignment with the hollow axle of the spindle, and a piston (26) which is displaceable within the compressed-air cylinder and whose rear end is subjectable to compressed air for the purpose of clamping (FIG. 1), or cutting (FIG. 5) through the yarn.

Abstract: Damping of a helicopter rotor drive train, the drive train including the free turbines of a gas turbine engine propulsion system, the aircraft main and tail rotors, and associated shafts and gears, is accomplished through active modulation of the fuel flow to the engine gas generator. The fuel flow is varied such that a transient torque will be developed by the free turbines which is opposite in phase to drive train resonances.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation system is applied to an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber and an exhaust passage conducting exhaust gas from the combustion chamber to the atmosphere. The system includes a first mechanism provided to recirculate the exhaust gas through the combustion chamber. A second mechanism is associated with the first mechanism to adjustably determine the percentage of the exhaust gas recirculated. A sensor detects the average pressure in the exhaust passage. In response to the detected exhaust pressure, a third mechanism controls the second mechanism in such a manner that the percentage of the exhaust gas recirculated is independent of the variations in the average pressure in the exhaust passage.

Abstract: According to the invention, the communication between the supply orifice (40,41) and the corresponding pressure chambers (38,39) of the master-cylinder (11) is tested while the stop (25) defining the rest position of the piston (15) of the servo is being displaced, and this stop (25) is finally immobilized by crimping when the correct position of the stop has thus been found.

Abstract: In the operation of supercharged internal combustion engines, certain operating conditions exist during which the exhaust gas turbochargers cannot supply adequate supercharging air for the internal combustion engine due to a low production of exhaust gas by the engine. To eliminate this problem, an auxiliary compressor with a flywheel is proposed, which is constantly driven by an auxiliary drive mechanism and whose power input can be considerably reduced by closing its air conduit. In case of lacking charging air, the auxiliary compressor is used in a simple way, by opening the closure devices on its air side, in order to enable a supply of supercharging air to the internal combustion engine. The power required for driving the auxiliary compressor is derived primarily from energy stored in the revolving flywheel mass as well as from the power of the auxiliary drive mechanism.

Abstract: The draft from a solar heated convection column or series of convection columns is used to alternately draw first heated air from a black body solar collector and then to draw cooled air from a heat sink over the walls of a heat exchanger so that the walls of a sealed cavity in the heat exchanger alternately contacting first the hot air draft and then the cool air draft are first heated and then cooled, thereby first heating the sealed gas or vapor within the cavity and then cooling the gas or vapor within the cavity, the consequent pressure changes in the cavity are converted to mechanical energy by action against the interior walls of a large bellows or on a piston in a cylinder the interior walls of which are part of the same sealed heated and cooled cavity.

Abstract: The invention discloses an apparatus for generating electrical power using solar energy and an air mass rising from a mine shaft. The mine shaft has a generally inclined or vertical shaft, a shaft opening at approximately the ground level, and a lower end portion of the shaft includes an air inlet. A solar collector converts the sun's radiant energy into heat and heats a heat exchange or working fluid as it passes through the solar collector to increase its temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to fuel burners and the combination of fuel burners and annular combustion equipment particularly for use in gas turbine engines.The present invention seeks to provide a fuel burner that requires a relatively small access hole in the engine casing in order to reduce stress concentrations in the casing.The fuel burner comprises a fuel feed arm and a fuel injector. The fuel feed arm and the fuel injector are cylindrical, and are arranged coaxially in end-to-end abutting relationship. The fuel feed arm has internal passages for the supply of fuel to the fuel injector, and the fuel injector has an air duct passing normally through the fuel injector for the flow of air into a cooperating combustion chamber. The fuel injector supplies fuel into the air duct to mix with the air flowing therethrough.The invention also provides combustion chamber equipment for use in conjunction with the fuel burners.

Abstract: A device for regulating the temperature of a container which is surrounded by a good heat-conducting medium attached to an electro-thermic element, and arranged such that the container can be removed from one side of the device and also inserted into the device on the same side. Also, between the outer surface on one side of the device and the good heat-conducting medium the device has heat insulating material, which material has at least one perforation permitting a container to be inserted into and removed from the good heat-conducting medium.

Abstract: In accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a high capacity machine for washing industrial mats or rugs and the like comprises a generally rectangular tank divided by internal partitions into two wash sections and two rinse sections. An endless belt conveyor system attached to the top of the tank serves to move the mats over the tank sections with the nap of the mats facing down. Transverse header pipes in the tank sections are provided with rows of nozzles that form high velocity sprays of liquid which impinge against the nap to effect the scrubbing and rinsing action. The nozzles are directed at angles of 35.degree. forward and rearward with respect to the plane of the mat, with the nozzles which provide the detergent sprays having orifices that form flat or knife-like sprays to effect a deep cleaning of the nap, while the nozzles which provide the rinse sprays have orifices that effect diverging sprays to flush the detergent and particulate matter out of the nap.

Abstract: A trunk lock including a latching plate for attachment to the upper section of a trunk, a hasp member hinged to an attachment plate to be affixed to the lower trunk section having a free end portion to overlie a keeper opening in the latching plate, a hollow cylindrical bolt housing projecting rearwardly of the hasp to nest in the keeper opening and having a pair of spring biased latching bolts to interlock behind the bounding edge of the keeper opening, a bolt actuator disk and key barrel member in the housing, and a throw away key captured in assembled relation with the bolt housing having a blade including a major leg extending substantially along the center axis of said key barrel and having a bendable end tab protruding rearwardly of the housing and bent behind the rear of the housing to retain the key therein.

Abstract: A fuel cap has a locking mechanism for preventing unauthorized removal of the fuel cap from the fuel fill tube. The lock mechanism includes a cam structure which is operable to provide a selective drive connection, depending upon the condition of the lock mechanism, between the hand grip portion and the threaded closure portion of the fuel cap during rotation of the hand grip in the cap removal direction. The cam mechanism is operable to provide a drive connection in the cap insertion direction regardless of the condition of the lock mechanism.

Abstract: Protective apparatus for a lock and a lock including such apparatus are disclosed. The protective apparatus comprises a plate-like element adapted to be added to a standard lock without requiring any mounting structure not already present in the lock. A spring causes the plate-like element to move or pivot when the connecting bar of the lock is removed to block the opening through which the lock connecting bar extends into the housing. Thereby, the plate prevents insertion of a tool such as a screwdriver into the lock. In some embodiments, the protective apparatus locks the bolt when the connecting bar is removed.

Abstract: A combination lock monitoring system for recognizing and indicating electronically the condition of operation of the lock, the recognition being achieved by photo sensitive means responding to the light reflecting quality of areas on the lock bolt mechanism, the lock drop arm and a combination wheel of the combination lock, the electronic circuit responding through a binary code to the condition of the photo sensitive means, and the indication including a visual display.

Abstract: A device for removing dents in vehicles comprises an air-impervious inflatable vessel which, in use, is accommodated in the vehicle cavity behind a dent. Air under pressure is introduced by suitable means to the vessel so that it inflates to fill the cavity and swell outwardly to restore the dented area substantially to its original form.

Abstract: A method of hardening by plastic deformation surfaces of articles shaped as continuous helical coils and having essentially round cross-section by means of deforming elements wherein said deforming elements are arranged at the opposite sides of said article for forced rotation in engagement with the surface of the material of said article, while said article is rotated about its longitudinal centerline and subjected to ultrasonic oscillations. The deforming elements are rotated in opposite directions so as to form on the surface of said article a regular microrelief in the form of an intersecting mesh-like pattern. By changing the ratio between the angular rotational velocities of the deforming elements, a microrelief of desired geometry is attained.

Abstract: A four high mill of a paired-roll-crossing type comprises upper and lower equalizer beams held in contact, respectively, with the uppermost and lowermost surfaces of upper and lower backup roll bearing cases and made movable upwardly and downwardly within a housing, roll-crossing devices mounted in the housing to turn the bearing cases that contain upper and lower work chocks about a common vertical axis on the same horizontal plane so that upper and lower pairs of rolls can cross each other, and devices for separately setting the left and right roll gaps between upper and lower work rolls. The mill further comprises work roll-bending devices mounted at both ends of the work rolls.

Abstract: A clamping apparatus for a metal sheet stretching machine is provided with hydraulically operated connecting rods for closing the clamping jaws onto the sheet metal. The rods transmit only compressive forces and are retracted after the tightening of the clamping jaws during stretching. Pulling cables serve to selectively open the clamping jaws.

Abstract: A shell for a universal joint for flexibly coupling two rotary shafts. The shell is constructed using a manufacturing technique to produce a shell of light weight and excellent strength. The shell generally has a hollow cylindrical configuration and is secured at one end to a rotary shaft and formed to have a plurality of grooves extending parallel to its cylindrical axis. A second rotary shaft includes portions which engage the plurality of grooves for transmitting movement from one shaft to the other through the shell. The shell may be formed using a tubular work piece or a planar work piece, and may be provided in substantially complete form by use of a machine press prior to subjecting the material to an ironing process to make the grooves of accurate shape and dimension. The process is performed such that no machining is required to form the grooves and produce the shell.

Abstract: A hemming apparatus comprising a body; a bottom form fixed to the body; a top-form ram provided above the bottom form and vertically movable against the bottom form; a bracket set up on the body at the side of the bottom form; a yoke rotatably pivoted to the bracket and pressable by the top-form ram; and a bending blade fixed to a tip end of the yoke and integrally formed therein with a preliminary bending blade surface for preliminarily bending a work and a primary bending blade surface for bending the preliminarily bent work to a finished state. By this structure, the hemming apparatus has novel features of simplifying the apparatus, preventing displacement of the work during bending-formation, and preventing an outer plate from being wrinkled, while the advantage of a conventional hemming apparatus of continuously carrying out preliminary and primary bending operations by lowering movement of a top-form ram is retained.

Abstract: A gas detecting sensor for precisely detecting the partial pressure of oxygen gas in the exhaust gases without being affected by the change of the temperature of the environment thereof, is disclosed. The sensor is provided with a ceramic base member, a film-shaped gas sensing element having a characteristic in response to the partial pressure of oxygen gas which is held by the base member so as to be exposed to the exhaust gases, a film shaped temperature sensing element having temperature coefficient of resistance substantially equal to that of the gas sensing element, which is held by the base member so as to be isolated from the exhaust gases, and an electric current wherein the gas and the temperature sensing elements are connected to each other in series to form an electric junction therebetween, from which output voltage is taken.

Abstract: An ice porosimeter for the accurate and efficient derivation of measurements concerning the porosity of a porous material, which includes a mercury dilatometer having a mercury-filled reservoir with a capillary stem extending upwardly therefrom. The porous material to be analyzed is inserted into the reservoir after it is saturated with water. The temperature of the contents of the reservoir is then varied to cause the water in the porous material to change state, either freezing the water or melting the ice. A thermistor measures the temperature in the reservoir and transmits these readings to a means for recording those measurements. Concurrently, a condenser is placed surrounding the capillary stem of the dilatometer and is connected to electrical circuitry which induces a capacitance across the condenser.

Abstract: A leak detecting method utilizes a pressure vessel for holding gas under ssure and a transparent chamber partly filled with liquid. A conduit defines a gas pathway from the vessel to a location within the chamber which is beneath the surface of the liquid. A fitting is provided for connection to a system which is to be tested and a further conduit connects the fitting through a first valve to a location within the liquid chamber, and through a second valve with the interior of the vessel. The fitting is connected to a system to be tested, and the first valve is closed. The system is pressurized to fill the conduit means and allow gas entering the conduit means to pass through the second valve into the interior of the vessel. The second valve is enclosed, thus isolating the vessel from the system. After a pause to allow leakage in the system to lower the pressure, the first valve is open and if gas bubbles in the liquid, then leakage has occurred.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting small changes in the location of a float, has, in combination, a signal generator for emitting a signal having a characteristic, a detector for detecting a modulated signal by producing a response signal directly related to the characteristic, a support for positioning the signal generator and the detector, and a float weighted to float at a desired depth in a selected liquid. Also included are a reservoir for holding a measuring medium, a plug for preventing condensation of vapors within the float, with the float movably connectable to the support, and the detector and the signal generator fixedly connectable to the support so that the signal when emitted by the signal generator will have the characteristic of the signal modulated by the measuring medium by an amount which varies with changes in location of the float to produce a modulated signal.

Abstract: A system for measuring transient pore water pressure in the ground utilizes a probe member having a unique arrangement of a pressure sensor and a soil stress isolation filter. The probe member has a body portion with a hollow cavity defined therein. The pressure sensor in the form of a ceramic transducer is mounted in the cavity, and the filter in the form of a circumferential gap formed on the body communicates with the cavity. The filter is also configured for isolating the sensor from effective soil fabric stresses while allowing access to the transducer by pore water pressure. A coupling medium in the form of silicon grease fills the cavity so as to transmit the pore water pressure to the transducer.

Abstract: The normal procedure for determining top-dead-center (T.D.C.) of a reciprocating engine involves slowly rotating the crankshaft of the engine until the maximum uppermost position (T.D.C.) of the piston in the cylinder has been attained and then inserting a linear gauge in the cylinder to make an appropriate measurement of this position. This method requires access to the piston crown and necessitates the disturbance of cylinder head components. The procedure disclosed obviates the deficiencies of the prior art by determining piston position from measurements taken externally of the engine, in particular by monitoring the speed of the engine, preferably using the flywheel of the engine, on a freely decelerating engine in a non-firing mode. The successive minimum speeds attained by the flywheel during a reciprocating cycle correspond to the two opposite extremities of movement of the piston in the cylinder of interest and thus accurate determination of T.D.C. and/or B.D.C. conditions is possible.

Abstract: Volumetric metering equipment comprising an injector mounting block by which injectors of a multi-line fuel injection system can be mounted on the equipment. A measuring device is in communication with the mounting block via a feed line to allow test fluid to pass from the injectors to the measuring device when the equipment is in use. The measuring device is constructed to provide signals which are indicative of the amount of test fluid received by the device. Point-of-injection detectors are arranged adjacent to the injectors for determining which of the signals relate to an individual injection.

Abstract: A method for determining statistical characteristics of a measurable property includes the initial step of monitoring the property and generating an electrical signal, the magnitude of which is a representative measure of the property. The electrical signal is passed through a high pass filter to eliminate low frequency noise which would otherwise tend to affect artificially extreme values of the signal. The maxima of the filtered signal is then determined within defined time intervals and extreme value statistical analysis is applied to the maxima of the filtered electrical signal to determine statistical characteristics of the measurable property. This method and apparatus for performing the method may be favorably applied to monitoring weight basis of sheet material, such as paper, as the material is being produced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pyroelectric shear meter which can be utilized as a pyroelectric vorticimeter in which a pyroelectric substrate has a heater element located thereon and two conductor elements located adjacent the heater element. The conductor elements are spaced apart along the longitudinal axis of the heater element and located on the same side of the longitudinal axis. A fluctuating power supply is connected to the heater element causing a fluctuating surface charge distribution which varies as a function of the temperature of the substrate in the vicinity of each of the spaced apart conductor elements. Differences in charge redistributions sensed at each of the spaced apart conductor elements is an indication of the differences in flow velocity due to shear in the vicinity of the shear meter. The orienting of two shear meters with heating elements at 90.degree.

Abstract: Apparatus for the evaluation of test strips conveys the strips on a disposable web (e.g., a paper tape) from a first position where the test strips are placed onto the web, past a second position where the test strips are evaluated by a reflex photometer or other probe, to a take up position where the strips are wound up with the web for disposal. At the second position a barrier strip is disposed between two reciprocating arms or connecting rods, and serves to align the test strips with the probe. The connecting rods also carry at least one gripper having a beveled edge to urge the aligned test strip into registry with the probe. After evaluation, the barrier and gripper or grippers are lifted so that the evaluated test strip can be carried to the take up position.

Abstract: A vibration diagnosis method and apparatus for rotary machines adapted for measuring the vibration of rotor shaft of a rotary machine, extracting the vibration component synchronous with the revolution of the rotor shaft from the measured vibration data, comparing the amplitude of the extracted vibration component with the amplitude of the overall vibration, analyzing the causes of the synchronous vibration component when the result of the comparison meets a predetermined reference, judging, in accordance with the result of the analysis, whether the vibration due to mass unbalance is attributable to an abrupt generation of mass unbalance or to a thermal bow of the rotor shaft, and displaying the result of the judgment. The analysis of the vibration component is made in real time or making use of data stored in the past.

Abstract: A device for testing the profile of an ultrasonic beam comprising a block of solid material permitting propagation of said beam therethrough without substantial scattering. A plurality of discrete particles having surfaces interfacing with said solid material are located in and are generally uniformly distributed throughout a substantially planar region in said block. The test device is scanned with an ultrasonic beam and an image of the beam profile is generated by reflection of the beam by the particles.

Abstract: An ultrasonic sector scanner which utilizes rotating transducers uses an optical encoder for generating indexing signals. A slip-ring and brush assembly interconnects the transducers and electronic circuitry within the scanner.

Abstract: An ultrasonic probe is positioned within a hollow body such as a pipe for detecting possible flaws in the body wall. The probe is designed for rotational and longitudinal movement in said pipe and includes an ultrasonic transmitter/receiver mounted eccentrically within a liquid filled chamber of the probe, so that transmitted impulses strike the inner wall of the pipe at such an angle that the angle of refraction of the sound wave in the material of the wall is always less than 90.degree..

Abstract: A pressure memory device is used in conjunction with a pressure gauge to measure the highest or lowest liquid pressure in a system and to retain that measurement. The device comprises a manifold having a through bore with a check valve disposed therein. By connecting a pressure gauge to one end of the through bore and coupling the other end of the through bore to a fluid system, the check valve will trap fluid between the check valve and the pressure gauge.

Abstract: A pressure sensor is formed by separating two chambers by a movable member to which is coupled an amorphous metal material. The amorphous metal material is anchored at its other end to be subjected to differing amounts of stress in accordance with movement of the movable member due to pressure changes. The tensile stress applied to the amorphous member is electrically detected, e.g. by detecting the impedance characteristics of an electrical coil adjacent the amorphous member.

Abstract: A novel test fixture for simulating aerodynamic loading on an airfoil is described which comprises a pair of arrays of a plurality of individual pressure controlled flexible bellows supported between a pair of platens, one array configured to contact and conform to the upper surface of the airfoil and simulate the partial vacuum distribution thereacross, the second array configured to contact and conform to the lower surface of the airfoil and simulate the pressure distribution thereacross. A compliant stabilization structure configured to provide lateral stability to the bellows arrays under pressure conditions is described.

Abstract: The bond strength of electrical leads (12) bonded to a device (13), such as a silicon integrated circuit chip, is tested by mounting the device (13) onto a pedestal (22) and then pulling on such lead with a freely manipulatable grasping tool (52). The pedestal (22) is coupled to a load sensitive mechanism, such as a simple balance arm (19), or a movable element (21) coupled to a load cell (56). Such mechanism is adjusted to register that part of the pulling force exerted by the grasping tool (52), which is transmitted through the interface between the lead (12) and the device (13).

Abstract: A system for measuring the quantity of particulate material carried by a fluid flow. The system is connected to receive the fluid flow and induces a change in direction in that flow. The pressure drop of the fluid flow across the direction change is sensed and the pressure drop related to the quantity of particulate material within the fluid flow. In a preferred embodiment, the direction change is along a generally helical path with the pressure drop being measured across at least a portion of that path. The pressure sensors may be adjusted to measure static as well as positive and negative velocity pressures so as to zero out the pressure drop due to the fluid flow alone.

Abstract: An improved vortex shedding flowmeter sensor and method are disclosed. The vortex shedding sensor is a bistable element. The element is constrained to operate in a transition deflection region between two stable stages. The element tends to alternate states at the frequency of vortex shedding, thereby amplifying the input signal at low levels and extending the low range of flow rate measurement.

Abstract: For use in connecting a measuring instrument across a pipeline portion having an orifice therein to create a pressure drop whereby static and differential pressure signals are formed, a unitized connector apparatus is set forth in the preferred and illustrated embodiment and includes an elongate rectangular body having a lengthwise axial passage drilled therethrough. Additional passages intersect the long passage at the ends, and suitable valve means are included near the ends thereof. The structure is a unitized structure adaptable for quick and prompt installation with a minimum of connections made to the measuring instrument. Moreover, the structure is roddable, that is, the passages can be easily cleaned by means of a rod inserted therethrough.

Abstract: This flow-meter comprises an enclosure separated into two chambers by a flexible and sealed diaphragm fast at its center with a rigid dome. A compression spring presses the dome, which is pierced in its center with a hole, upon a cone fast with the enclosure, and exerts a constant force upon the dome. The fluid penetrates into the flow-meter through the orifice, passes between the cone and the dome which it raises, and emerges through the orifice. A contactless displacement detector measures the displacement of the dome which is proportional to the flow rate of the fluid.

Abstract: A sensor in an air conditioning duct produces a differential pressure signal which varies as a function of the volumetric flow rate of air through the duct. The sensor includes an array of angularly spaced and radially extending arms disposed around and across the duct and each having upstream and downstream sensing tubes formed with ports spaced along their upstream and downstream sides, respectively. Pressure signals are transmitted to the tubes by way of the ports and are averaged by high and low pressure averaging chambers located at the center of the sensor and communicating with the upstream and downstream sensing tubes, respectively. The output signals from the averaging chambers constitute a differential pressure signal which is highly representative of the volumetric flow rate of the air even though the air flows through the duct in an asymmetrical pattern.

Abstract: A torque sensor assembly comprises at least a pair of permanent magnets axially spaced at a predetermined distance and integrally fixed to a driving shaft, and at least a pair of Wiegand Effect elements arranged in magnetic coupling relationship with the respective magnets for detecting a phase difference between pulses occuring in each pickup coil of the Wiegand Effect elements during rotation of the shaft.