Abstract: This is a special downhole multi-layer sand screen for oil and other fluids containing sand. The preferred embodiment of the sand filter includes an outer screen, an intermediate screen and an inner screen although another embodiment may have only an outer and an inner screen. The outermost screen is of larger spacing to retain only the coarser sand particles and the openings in the inner two screens are progressively smaller to retain the less coarse sand material. The coarser sand particles bridge about the larger openings in the outer screens and progressively finer sand materials bridge across the intermediate and inner screens.

Abstract: Disclosed is apparatus and method for electrochemically finishing the edges of airfoils and other thin edged objects. When the edge on an airfoil varies in thickness along its length, a tapered electrode is provided which has both a decreased diameter and increased spacing distance, providing a means for obtaining an edge with a radius proportioned to the thickness. Generally, in the system having an electrode with a unit surface area A, and with an electrode-workpiece surface spacing distance S, both A and S are changed so that the ratio A/S is lowered for electrode portions proximate to edge portions having lowered thickness.

Abstract: In a digital test instrument such as a digital ohmmeter for measuring and digitally displaying the resistance of an unknown circuit element, there is included an electrical continuity tester coupled to the input of the digital ohmmeter for instantaneously and digitally indicating electrical continuity. Connection of the electrical continuity tester to the input of the digital ohmmeter is achieved in a manner such as to not overload or otherwise affect the accuracy of the resistance measurement.

Abstract: An acoustical logging tool having a plurality of long, extendable, resilient arms, and means for remotely extending free ends of the arms into close proximity to the wall of a borehole. A cylindrical transducer is mounted on the free end of each arm, with some of the transducers being used as transmitters and the remainder as receivers. The signals from the receivers are separately recorded to provide a side-by-side comparison of the signals. The proper spacing of the transmitters and receivers will produce a complete circumferential acoustic log of the borehole that can be used to detect the presence of vertical fractures.

Abstract: A fluid pump mechanism for delivering a smooth output of fluids to a system utilizing at least one piston in a chamber reciprocative therewithin. The piston has strokes that fill and empty the chamber in conjunction with the action of valve means located at the inlet and outlet of the chamber. Motive means causes reciprocation of the piston within the chamber. Control means is also included for minimizing the time during the piston cycle in which the piston is not emptying the chamber. The invention's scope also encompasses a pressure metering device for a fluid forcing means motivated by an electrical motor.

Abstract: A method of preparing a controlled-release pharmaceutical compound for oral administration, which pharmaceutical compound is subject to enzymatic hydrolysis on oral administration, which method comprises encapsulating the pharmaceutical compound with a synthetic phosphatidyl compound having a modified polarhead moiety which increases the resistance of the phosphatidyl compound to phospholipase C hydrolysis.

Abstract: A heat-resistant, protective glove having a shell made of a fabric of a temperature-resistant aromatic polyamide fiber, the outer surface of the shell being coated with a fire-resistant elastomer and a liner, generally conforming and secured to the shell and disposed inwardly of the shell, the liner being made of a felt fabric of a temperature-resistant aromatic polyamide fiber.

Abstract: A prosthesis having a porous polymeric coating over a non-porous polymeric substrate is disclosed. The porous polymeric coating is constructed by forming a mass of randomly arranged fibers of polymeric material in contact with a non-porous polymeric substrate of a compatible material. The entire prosthesis and mass of fibers is enclosed in a mold with interior dimensions conforming to the intended shape of the article. The mold is then subjected to an elevated temperature for sufficient time to sinter the fibers of the mass to each other and to the underlying substrate yet leave a pore volume of about 50%. The preformed material is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Preferred sintering conditions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A self-contained, compact towable facility having sanitary components and electrical, water and gas distribution systems with minimum weight, optimum balance and a maximum volume of water adapted to be stored therein and including a frame having an axle and a tow bar adapted to be coupled to a towing vehicle, a multistage potable water storage and drain and waste water collection and isolation system which includes a potable water storage system, adapted to be filled by an exterior source, comprising tanks having a predetermined geometrical shape nad balance over the wheels of a single axle or tandem axle of the trailer or over substantially the midway point between front and rear wheels of a four-wheeled trailer and wherein the tanks are positioned to have the collective center of gravity thereof located at approximately the collective center of gravity of the drain and waste water collection and isolation system, a grey water collection system adapted to receive and collect drain water having a low impurity

Abstract: A water toilet has a valve arrangement of the integrated type, i.e. the float and all valves form a unit which in its mounted position is connected to the outlet pipe of the flush water container. According to the invention the unit is loosely connected to said pipe and mechanically retained at its top end by means cooperating with the inner surface of the top portion of the water container wall.

Abstract: In an inflatable pad or mattress, or a pad of fluid impervious material for holding fluids of any type, securement straps are provided of the same sheet of film material which is used to form the main portion of the pad. The securement straps are designed to fit around and under the corners of a standard bed mattress to hold the pad in position on the mattress. The film material which forms the main body of the pad is die cut such that four straps are provided at each of the four corners of the pad with each strap being connected to the pad at approximately the center of the ends of the pad and at a point along the side of the pad spaced from the corner.

Abstract: To promote the collection and harvesting of propolis from a bee colony a fine mesh screen through which bees are unable to pass is located in a central ventilation passage of the colony by registering it with the scraper screen of an internal pollen trap. The bees deposit propolis on the screen which can be removed without dismantling the hive.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for multi-color dyeing of a moving carpet with sharply defined specks forming no pattern from distribution of color, distribution of sizes, distribution of shapes, or attenuation of shapes of the specks. The specks are relatively high-viscosity colored segments in an aqueous immiscible gel mixture which is repeatedly mixed and distributed transversely of the direction of movement of the carpet and then spread into a thin layer by the upper surface of a Kuester roller and finally slid onto the moving carpet.

Abstract: A system and method for forming a custom-made resilient insert for a given person's shoe in which the contour of the support surface of the insert conforms to the contour of the undersurface of a person's foot.

Abstract: A press comprising a flexible pocket or elastic membrane, that is adjustable in height and serves as a means for exerting a uniform enveloping pneumatic or hydraulic pressure, between the glued insole and the mounted upper of an article of footwear, which is held between locking elements during the exertion of pressure by the pocket. The locking elements consist of a single shaper closely contacting the contours of the footwear and remaining fixed on the press frame, during operation of said pocket, and a toe support that is placed against the base of the upper at the level of the instep. Thus, any creasing of the upper portion of the footwear is avoided by securely holding the footwear immobile during the pressure operation.

Abstract: A span construction having longitudinal cables extending between end supports, a flexible sheath enclosing the volume bounded by cables and end supports, a fan for forcing a gas through the sheath and gas escape holes on the underside of the sheath to raise the span in response to escaping gas. The span may have an airfoil cross-section so that it is raised in response to cross wind loading.

Abstract: Apparatus for cleaning a sheet or web while it is being fed. Upper and lower ionized air cleaner units are provided, having spaced, parallel plates providing a throat between which the sheet or web is passed. The throat entry includes diverging flanges, as does the throat exit. Each unit includes first and second spaced rows of ionized air blower holes extending transversely of the sheet or web; between these rows is an air suction slot. The ionized air generator includes a pair of spaced channel, each having its open side closed by a plate having the blower holes therein. An ionized air generator with air boost extends axially within each channel, and has ionizing points extending into the blower holes in the plate. The suction slot is provided between the two channels.A linearly extending hood overlies the suction slot, having at an end thereof a suction outlet.

Abstract: This invention concerns a nail polish brush so constructed as to provide more even and exact stroking, especially onto the top of the fingernail, where the cuticle is rounded. The hairs on the perimeter of the brush are shortest in length, the next circle of hairs lying inside the outer circle of hairs are slightly longer, each successive circle of hairs increasing in length this way, and the last round of hairs in the center of the brush are the longest. The entire effect is one of very slight, gradual rounding, corresponding more exactly to the human cuticle.

Abstract: A toothbrush comprises a handgrip formed on one side with a substantially plane fingerrest and a concave thumbrest and on an adjacent side with a palmrest including a convex portion spaced apart from the thumbrest and a substantially linear portion adjacent to the thumbrest. A neck is connected to the handgrip, and a head is connected to the neck. The head is formed with a substantially plane wide oval-shaped bristle-supporting surface and includes soft flexible bristles extending outward from the bristle-supporting surface. The neck has an axis that is angularly displaced with respect to an extension of the linear palmrest portion through an acute neck angle, the angular displacement of the neck axis being clockwise for a right-hand brush or counterclockwise for a left-hand brush, as seen from the side of the toothbrush on which the fingerrest and the thumbrest are located.

Abstract: A unitary plastic holder for steel wool or other abrasive scouring pads has a first jaw with a rounded front end with a conforming first rigid hood on top which is open at the rear, for protecting a user's fingers from embedment of fragments, impacts, and other injury; similarly at a trailing location a rounded front end on a second jaw has beneath it a conforming second rigid hood for protecting a user's thumb; resiliently connecting and aligning the jaws and biasing them in-plane is a first straight arm portion leading back on one side from the first hood and then returning forwardly and centrally to the second hood, and filling the space between the first straight arm portion and a second straight arm portion; a steel wool pad is resiliently grasped between the double width portion and the straight arm portions; a cusp-shaped opening at the rear may be used for further securance of the steel wool pad.

Abstract: A base frame is arranged to be supported at the top of a chimney and has a support arm which extends over the top of the chimney opening. A crank is provided on the support arm, and an elongated flexible member hangs from the crank whereby upon turning the crank the flexible member swings around inside the chimney to knock off collected substance. The crank is arranged to be driven by an operating rod extending to a remote area, such as to the ground, whereby operation of the crank can be accomplished from the ground. In a modification of the apparatus, an electric motor may be supported on the base frame for providing the drive for the crank.

Abstract: A wiping arrangement for windows of power vehicles has a wiping element with a wiper shaft, rotary direction-reversible drive having a rotatable driven element, swinging drive with a driving element rotatable about a center and provided with a gripping element and a guide, and connecting the driven element of said rotary drive with the wiper shaft of said wiping element so that when the driven element rotates in one direction the wiping element covers a circular, segment-shaped wiping field and performs wiping step over a predetermined wiping field, and when the driven element rotates in a reverse direction the gripping element arranged on the driving element of the swinging drive means moves radially away from the center with the aid of the guide and thereby the wiping element is transported to a parking position lying beyond the wiping field, a structural element connected and rotating together with the gripping element during the wiping step, but uncoupled from the gripping element for the radial movement

Abstract: A cleaning device operated in conjunction with a vacuum cleaner includes a housing which is composed of a motor housing accommodating a drive motor, a removable nozzle plate formed with a first individual nozzle and a second surface nozzle and enclosing a working tool with a brush, and an air-duct housing forming a suction duct connectable to the vacuum cleaner.

Abstract: A fish-cleaning table for use in the home by attaching it to or suspending it from a sink having a drain and a faucet. The table has a rectangular vacuum-molded body having a higher end and a lower end with a drain opening. A series of slats run lengthwise over the body, supported by crossmembers which rest on notches in the body. The body is held on the sink by short, hook-shaped legs which fold outward from the body, and is supported by legs which pivot downward and contact the sink at a lower point than the hooks. A water spraying system, which connects to the sink's faucet as a source of water, sprays water onto the slats to continuously wash them. This water then washes the debris from cleaning the fish down between the slats and into the drain opening of the body. There a straining means catches the solid particles, and allows the liquid to continue down the drain of the sink.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for removing an animal from a shell. The apparatus has a tubular helical main portion having an inlet, an outlet and an attachment portion for coupling the apparatus to a source of high pressure fluid. The apparatus may be inserted into the shell and coupled to high pressure fluid which urges the animal from the shell.

Abstract: A fish holding and cleaning device containing two frame members that are attached to one another by a hinge for folding to a closed carrying position and unfolding to an open, cleaning position. When opened to a cleaning position the ends of the frame members pinch together so that a fish tail can be captured therebetween. The head of a fish so captured can be secured to an outside end of one of the frame members by a hook and a biasing element such as a rubber band. Each frame member has a grooved cleaning surface upon which a fish resides when being cleaned on that side. By using the hook a fish can be moved to and secured to the opposite cleaning surface while its tail remains captured between the frame member ends. Pockets are attached below the frame members for the storage of cleaning tools.

Abstract: An emergency actuator bar extends across an opening in the housing of a lint cleaner in a cotton gin. Actuator arms which hold the bar also normally hold a trip plate in the run position. However, a workman striking the emergency bar will remove a sear on one of the actuator arms from the trip plate to permit a spring to snap the trip plate into a stop position. When the trip plate moves to the stop position, it disconnects electrical power to a motor driving the machine. The trip plate movement also applies a brake which stops the machine.

Abstract: A disposable rupturable shipping and installation strap holding in a retracted position the output member of a linear actuator such as a pre-filled pre-bled hydraulic actuator. The strap has a retaining member fitted over the end of the actuator output member and a pair of symmetrically disposed strips or bands integrally formed with the retaining member and attached at their other end to a portion of the actuator housing. The strips or bands have portions of reduced strength which cause the strap to break and free the actuator output member upon first operation of the actuator. Preferably, the strap is molded of relatively thin flexible plastic.

Abstract: Apparatus for releasing the means for gripping a pre-stress cable, to allow the cable to be detensioned. Each strand is usually maintained in the tensioned state by a cone truncated group of gripping means enveloping this strand. According to the invention each of the gripping means of a group surrounding a strand comprises towards the outside an extension which, in the active state of the gripping means, is spaced apart from this strand, all the extensions thus determining a volume of revolution terminating towards the outside by a hooking flange, while the extractor is formed by resilient parts distributed along the generatrices of a cylinder and comprises inwardly turned hooking flanges, the circumference determined by all the inner edges of the projections in the state of rest being of smaller diameter than that of the volume formed by the outer surface of the extensions of the gripping means beyond their hooking flange, when these gripping means are in the active state.

Abstract: A safety belt buckle fitted with belt straps and two interlocking parts. These are designed for releasably connecting the belt strap. One interlocking part consists of a locked part and the other interlocking part consists of a locking part. The latter is fitted with a locking member pivoted in the locking part and able to be reset between the position releasing and the position locking the locked part. The locking member is spring loaded so as to attempt to pivot to its releasing position. A detent member is able to be reset between a detent position in which the locking member is prevented from being reset from its locking position and a releasing position in which the locking member is permitted to pivot to its releasing position. An ejector is arranged so as to eject the locked part by the action of a spring when the locking member is rest to the locking position. A link connects the detent member to the ejector. The link is loaded by a spring which attempts to move the ejector to its outer position.

Abstract: A holder for releasably securing a bifurcated core or the like to an electrical power line, the core having two substantially U-shaped portions which are abuttable to form a closed loop that encompasses the power line. An L-shaped boat has at least one leg with an interior configuration that is complementary to one U-shaped portion of the core to receive and hold that one portion. A gantry also having an interior configuration that is complementary to one leg of each U-shaped portion of the core receives both portions and is sufficiently long to permit one leg of each portion to be received while those portions are spaced from each other. The gantry has a guide groove on the exterior thereof for guiding a substantially L-shaped bale which is formed of resilient material and which has one leg that extends over the base of the other portion of the core and another leg which is received by and guided in the groove on the gantry.

Abstract: An improved fastener clip for holding the end bar of a sinuous cushion-supporting spring in position on the wooden rail of an article of furniture. The clip, in its preferred form, has a base portion, a leg portion and a reentrant or reverse curved portion. The base portion and the reentrant or reverse curved portion are provided with end bar retaining means which cooperate to lock the end bar on the clip when the reentrant or reverse curved portion is wrapped on the end bar. The reentrant or reverse curved portion also has an impact receiving, upwardly extending lip adapted to receive and transmit the full force of a hammer blow, for example, whereby the reentrant or reverse curved portion is positively and effectively wrapped on the end bar while at the same time positioning the end bar retaining means in end bar locking relation to each other.

Abstract: The invention refers to a method for the production of velour needlefelt webs by processing a fiber fleece bonded through needling, using velour or fork needles forming pile loops. At least one fiber fleece band which consists of several layers is helically wound to form a tube which continuously develops in an axial direction. The tube rotates about its own axis, wherein the individual layers of the fleece band partly overlap on each wind and the lower or inner-lying layers of the wound tube are bonded in a width which is smaller, preferably up to half the width of the width of the fleece band in a known manner using felting needles and from the upper or outer-lying loose fiber layer of the wound tube, the fibers forming the pile loops are pushed through the pre-bonded lower or inner-lying fiber layer in a known manner using fork needles. The finished processed tube is cut open in the axial direction, said flat and the so-formed material web is wound up. spThis is a divisional of a previous application Ser.

Abstract: A lathe with a number of working tools for making a setting for a gem in metallic objects such as rings or bracelets, the size of the setting being directly determined by taking the diameter of the gem to be set.

Abstract: A method for adjusting the frequency of a piezoelectic resonator such as a quartz crystal is disclosed. The resonator is placed within its enclosure facing a metallic surface. The atmosphere within the enclosure is made suitable for supporting a glow discharge. An electrical potential is then established between the resonator electrode and the metallic surface causing mass to sputter between the electrode and to the metallic surface to vary the characteristics of the resonator.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing bearing assembly for the driven wheels of automobiles comprises the steps of grinding the outer peripheral raceway surface 5, cylindrical seat 6 and shoulder surface 9 of the outer joint member of a constant velocity joint simultaneously by a grinding wheel 21, grinding the outer peripheral raceway surface 11 of an inner annular member and its end surface abutting against the shoulder surface 9 simultaneously by a grinding wheel, and fitting the inner annular member C on the cylindrical seat 6 of the outer joint member B until its end surface 10 abuts against the shoulder surface 9 of the outer joint member B. The method eliminates the influences on the internal bearing clearance of the outer peripheral raceway surfaces 5 and 11 of the outer joint member B and inner annular member C.

Abstract: Method of assembly of a heat exchange unit wherein an annular orifice having a U-shaped cross section is assembled to a heat exchange assembly. The grille of the unit is supported on a support ledge of the fan orifice. An annular top cover having an L-shaped cross section may be engaged to the fan orifice to define a control area space therebetween. The top cover engages a top cover support ledge of the fan orifice and the grille engages a grille support ledge of the fan orifice to form a subassembly.

Abstract: An apparatus for compressing a retainer ring to reduced assembly size and maintaining the compressed assembly size at an assembly location by internal containment of the retaining ring lugs is provided. The apparatus typically includes a compressing member for compressing the ring from the exterior and mandrel member disposed in the compressing member and around which the ring is compressed to assembly size. The mandrel member includes a lug-retaining groove into which retainer ring lugs having special flats are compressed and retained interiorly of the ring to hold the ring at reduced assembly size. The compressed retainer ring is carried to the assembly location outside the compressing member on the mandrel member and is stripped from the mandrel member for final assembly internally in a part.

Abstract: A tool for applying a membrane on a small upstanding post like device, which tool incorporates a housing with means for securing the membrane across the top of the post with additional means disposed opposite the post for holding the membrane against the post and urging it down the side of the post, the housing being closeable to serve as a shipping container and a calibration cell for the device to be membraned with means to secure the post captive with little or no chance of its falling into a non-sterile environment.

Abstract: A method of making a clamp used for a supercharger in an internal combustion engine is initiated by cutting out an unworked clamp half from a plate material. The half is then formed such that it is semicircular in front elevation and the opposite ends extend outwardly. Other clamp half is made in the same manner. An unworked link is cut out from a plate material and then its plane strain is corrected. Further, the link is chamfered and hardened. The halves are arranged in circle and the worked link is inserted into one ends of the halves. Finally, these ends are curled around the link.

Abstract: A multiple station drilling apparatus is used for performing a large number of repetitive but variable machining operations, and includes a turntable having a plurality of workpiece holding fixtures distributed in spaced relation around its periphery, a plurality of tool supports mounted around and outward of the periphery to provide a sequence of machining stations, a load/unload station for the mounting of workpieces on the fixtures and their removal therefrom, and a motor for driving the turntable in an indexing fashion to bring workpieces held in the fixtures successively into registry with the machining stations. Each tool support includes at least one X-Y positioner which in turn supports a machining tool such as a reciprocating drill.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure having substrate contacts formed as a part of the isolation structure and method for making the same is described. The integrated circuit structure is composed of a monocrystalline silicon body having a pattern of dielectric isolation surrounding regions of the monocrystalline silicon in the body. The dielectric isolation pattern includes a recessed dielectric portion at and just below the surface of the integrated circuit and a deep portion which extends from the side of the recessed dielectric portion opposite to that portion at the surface of said body into the monocrystalline silicon body. A highly doped polycrystalline silicon substrate contact is located within the deep portion of the pattern of isolation.

Abstract: An integrated circuit structure having substrate contacts formed as a part of the isolation structure and the method to form such structure is described. The integrated circuit structure is composed of a monocrystalline silicon body having a pattern of dielectric isolation surrounding regions of the monocrystalline silicon in the body. The dielectric isolation pattern includes a recessed dielectric portion at and just below the surface of the integrated circuit and a deep portion which extends through the recessed dielectric portion and extends further into the monocrystalline silicon body than the recessed portion. A highly doped polycrystalline silicon substrate contact is located within the deep portion of the pattern of isolation. The substrate contact extends from the surface of the pattern of isolation down to the bottom of the deep portion of the isolation where the contact electrically connects to the silicon body.

Abstract: This combination process enables both MNOS and CMOS devices to be fabricated upon the same wafer in very large scale integration systems. Conventional moat isolation techniques are replaced with low temperature ion implantation processing to accomplish substrate isolation. Both n and p channel MOS transistor diffusions and field oxidations are processed concurrently. Also, this process utilizes bulk silicon wafer material rather than epitaxial wafer material as the substrate.

Abstract: Referring to FIG. 1, a method for making an improved electrode 15 having a gold coating 9 for use in the anode compartment 12 of a REDOX cell 10 is described. The anode fluid utilizes a chromic/chromous couple.The flow chart FIG. 2 illustrates the method wherein a carbon felt is soaked in methanol, rinsed in water, dried and then heated in KOH after which it is again washed in deionized water and dried.The felt is then moistened with a methanol-water solution containing chloroauric acid and is stored in a dark place while still in contact with the gold-containing solution.After all the gold-containing solution is absorbed by the felt, the latter is dried by heat and then heat-treated at a substantially greater temperature. The felt is now suitable for use as an electrode and is wetted with water or up to 2 molar HCl prior to installation in a REDOX cell.The two curves on the far right of FIG. 3 illustrate the low hydrogen evolution of the improved electrode.

Abstract: An upper jaw and tool assembly for a machine for attaching snap fastener components to fabric is operable to safely receive and advance upper fastener component halves for the assembly thereof with lower component halves. A stationary housing of the assembly is mountable on an attaching machine so that the lower end of the housing is spaced only slightly above the guide plate of the machine to minimize operator risks from internal moving components of the assembly. Fingers mounted on the housing receive and position successively fed upper component halves therein and an upper tool continuously advances the halves downwardly to assemble them with lower component halves. The assembly operates without conventional vertically reciprocating jaw components and hence can be operated with a minimum of operator risks.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a wire harness, the invention comprises several steps. The connectors are positioned at desired locations at a first station. Then wires in lengths dictated by the dimensions of the finished harness are run between predetermined terminal element locations at the connectors. The various wires are fixed in the respective holding means associated with the predetermined terminal element locations so that prior to electrical termination of the wires, the partially completed harness can be moved to a station remote from the first station with the wires maintained relative to the entrances of their corresponding wire-receiving slots.

Abstract: A wire harness manufactured by a new method and a new apparatus is provided. A covered wire paid out from a selected one of reels is extended in a predetermined lay-out and fixed. The thus fixed wire is cut-off from the reel. Then, another wire is paid out from another reel for arranging it in a juxtaposing relation to the previously laid-out wire and cut off from the reel. After repeating the above steps, the arranged wires are tied up to form a wire harness. There is also provided a device which puts the above method into practice, thereby reducing complicated assorting work involved in the manufacture of a wire harness. A method and a device for automatically uncovering end portions of each wire of the wire harness and attaching terminals thereto are also provided to greatly increasing the productivity.

Abstract: A barber-type razor of the class adapted to receive a new blade from a cooperating blade ejector device including a novel blade guide latch and used blade ejector device.

Abstract: A two-part navigational measurement device comprising a transparent circular disc having a coordinate grid thereon. An annular ring is coaxially positioned about the circular disc, the circular disc being rotatable within the annular ring. The annular ring has gradations around at least half of its circumference. A tangent ruler is fixed to the annular ring, the tangent ruler having a tangent edge which is tangent to the annular ring at the mid-point of the gradations. Means, such as a set screw may be provided for locking the disc and the annular ring against rotation relative to each other after the course to be adhered to has been determined.