Abstract: A novel rotary prime mover is provided having a generally cylindrical casing including an axial air intake, an axial exhaust outlet and bearing means at each circular end thereof to support a longitudinally arranged shaft. A flywheel block is rotatably mounted within the casing on the longitudinally arranged shaft and is arranged intermediate the air inlet and the exhaust outlet. The longitudinal shaft has a fuel inlet passage concentrically bored therethrough. The flywheel block includes at least two balanced diametrically opposed jet reaction engines recessed and secured in a specifically recited manner at the circumferential edge thereof.

Abstract: Contaminated air injected by an axial flow fan jet engine is treated by centrifuging the contamination through the surge bleed valves into the fan discharge stream in an efficient manner.

Abstract: A turbojet having a multistage axial compressor with contrarotating blade wheels fitted on inner and outer contrarotating rotors driven in opposite directions by respective turbine wheels.Each blade wheel (105) of the outer compressor rotor is associated with a rotating shell (86, 81, 82) having relatively few thick spokes for transmitting the drive from the turbine wheel, thereby leaving the blades to transmit aerodynamically induced forces only.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine a rotary gas motor, driven by the intake gas of the engine, drives pump providing secondary air to the engine exhaust at low engine load, and at high load a clutch connects the pump and the motor to the engine shaft, the output of the pump and the motor being delivered to the engine intake.

Abstract: An electro-dynamic power converter for transforming the kinetic energy of a moving stream of water into rotary power is disclosed. A turbine rotor is received within a power flow housing and has turbine blades for imparting a mechanical turning force on the rotor in response to fluid flow through the power flow housing. An impulse chamber having sidewall portions defining a diverging passage is coupled to the power flow housing inlet port. Electrodes are received within the impulse chamber for conducting an electrical discharge within the impulse chamber. When an electrical arc is conducted between the electrodes, the water flowing through the impulse chamber into the power flow chamber is vaporized, and a shock wave is propagated through the impulse chamber. The shock wave is reacted in part by the mass of the water in the impulse chamber, and by baffle plates. The shock waves and the expanding water vapor provide increased torque output.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic reversing transmission wherein each of the forward and reverse drive trains between the input and output shafts has a starting torque converter with a stationary housing, a rotary turbine wheel and a set of adjustable guide vanes. The draining lines of the torque converters have inlet portions which are connected with the respective housings and are oriented in such a way that the direction of fluid flow therein is identical with or closely approximates the direction of fluid flow between the adjacent blades of the turbine wheel when the respective torque converters are operated within the counterbraking range. Each inlet portion has an aperture which is in permanent communication with the sump. The ratio of the outer diameter to the inner diameter of each turbine wheel is between 1.1 and 1.25, and the ratio of distances between the tips of neighboring blades of the turbine wheel to the outer diameter of the turbine wheel is between 0.06 and 0.09.

Abstract: An open center hydraulic system is disclosed which contains a primary work circuit and a secondary work circuit. A fixed displacement pump is fluidly connected between a reservoir and the primary and secondary work circuits for supplying pressurized fluid thereto. The primary work circuit includes a control valve which regulates fluid flow from the pump to a primary hydraulic function and which includes a feedback mechanism connected thereto. The secondary work circuit also includes a manually operable control valve for regulating fluid flow from the pump to a secondary hydraulic function. A priority valve is connected between the pump and the secondary work circuit and is movable between an open and a closed position to regulate the pressure of fluid discharged by the pump.

Abstract: A load sensing hydraulic system is disclosed which essentially eliminates kickback from a feedback mechanism contained in a manually operable control valve which in turn is fluidly connected to a hydraulic function. The system includes a power on demand pump fluidly connected between a reservoir and the control valve for supplying pressurized fluid to the hydraulic function. A load signal line is also connected between the control valve and the pump which serves to transmit pressure signals, which are generated by loads acting on the hydraulic function, to the pump for controlling the pressurized output thereof. A load signal control valve is positioned in the load signal line and is fluidly connected to the discharge side of the pump. The load signal control valve is capable of sensing pressure variations between the fluid discharged by the pump and the upstream fluid present in the load signal line.

Abstract: A hydrostatic transmission between a prime mover and a load, e.g. for driving an automotive vehicle, especially an automotive vehicle requiring a high degree of maneuverability such as a fork lift truck, comprises a reversible-output variable displacement pump connected to a motor which, in turn, drives the load. The control element of the pump is operated by a hydraulic piston-and-cylinder arrangement biased into a neutral position between positions of forward and reverse operation of the pump and pressurization of the oppositely effective chambers in this arrangement is controlled by a pedal-operated "inch" valve whose flow cross section progressively increases with pedal actuation and controls the return of the pressure medium to the reservoir. The valve is designed so that even when the prime mover operates at high speed, starting movements of the pedal provide sensitive movement of the vehicle.

Abstract: Thermal actuator apparatus for controlling or adjusting the position of a surface or other object as a function of temperature. The principle of operation is the rate of change, as a function of temperature, in the modulus of rigidity or elasticity of counterbalanced springs of differing materials resulting in a change in equilibrium position. An actuating surface is coupled to the spring system, and its movement with temperature change can be used to change or otherwise control the position of an object.A simple adjustment is also provided to permit varying thermal coefficients of the actuator (magnitude of the response to temperature change).

Abstract: A braking-force booster which contains a pressure source, a pedal operated control valve and at least one main brake cylinder; a piston which creates the brake pressure, is exposed to the pressure created in the main brake cylinder by means of the control valve, wherein the control valve, dependent on the pedal displacement, interrupts a connecting channel between the main brake cylinder and a pressureless connection and temporarily creates a second connecting channel between the pressure source and the main brake cylinder. The pedal operated control valve contains a plunger movable by the pedal which extend into the main brake cylinder, and the first connecting channel is integrated into the main brake cylinder piston. The first plunger has a valve closing member for shutting off this connecting channel during the corresponding approach.

Abstract: In a master cylinder assembly the pressure spaces in advance of pedal-operated pistons of two separate master cylinders are interconnected by a transfer passage, and each master cylinder incorporates a boost chamber to which hydraulic fluid from a pressure source is admitted to act on the piston and augment the force applied to the piston by the pedal when the master cylinder is operated. Each master cylinder incorporates a control valve having a valve spool which is normally urged by a spring into a retracted position to close a transfer port providing communication between the pressure space and the transfer passage and to close an inlet port to cut-off communication between the pressure source and the boost chamber.

Abstract: An improved rephasing master cylinder in which the cylinder wall approximate the end of the cylinder has a longitudinal bleed passage in the cylinder wall at one end connected to a lateral passage opening into the forward cylinder chamber while the opposite end of the longitudinal passage connects with the rearward chamber of the cylinder when the cylinder piston is located therebetween. This longitudinal bleed passage permits the restricted flow past the master cylinder piston when the piston is nearing and at the end of its stroke, thereby causing both master and slave pistons to complete their respective strokes.

Abstract: A turbine housing assembly for use in a turbocharger having an exhaust gas driven turbine wheel for rotatably driving a compressor impeller. The assembly includes a turbine housing having an exducer passage into which exhaust gases are discharged from the turbine wheel. A bypass passage in the turbine housing and a pivoting wastegate valve cooperate to provide an efficient exhaust ejector for drawing gases through the exducer passage to reduce back-pressure on the engine. The turbine housing further includes an air vent for circulation of cooling air between the bypass and exducer passages.

Abstract: A system for preventing knocking combustion in a turbocharged Otto engine includes a knock detector mounted on the engine block and coupled to a microprocessor which controls the engine charge pressure and ignition timing. Upon indication of a certain knocking intensity, the processor sends signals to a valve regulating the charge pressure to reduce this pressure as well as signals to the engine timing control system to retard the engine ignition timing.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine performs the thermodynamic cycle partially inside the cylinder, with the piston connected to the crankshaft, and partially in a turbo-supercharger in which there takes place the final stage of the expansion of the burnt gases and, simultaneously, the suction and the first phase of compression of the air. The said compression is completed afterwards in the cylinder, continuously and without any partialization.

Abstract: In a system wherein a fluid exhibits a regressive vapor dome in a T-S diagram, the following are provided:(a) a two-phase nozzle receiving the fluid in pressurized and heated liquid state and expanding the received liquid into saturated or superheated vapor state, and(b) apparatus receiving the saturated or superheated vapor to convert the kinetic energy thereof into power.

Abstract: A dual fuel injector for a gas turbine engine is arranged to maintain pre-determined air fuel ratios in adjacent upstream and downstream opposite handed vortices and to reduce the deposition of carbon on the injector. The injector comprises a central duct, a deflecting member, a first radially directed outlet, and a shroud which defines an annular duct, and a second radially directed outlet. The ducts receive a supply of compressed air and the central duct receives gaseous fuel from an annular nozzle and the annular duct receives liquid fuel from a set of nozzles.When the injector is operating on liquid fuel, the fuel and air mixture issues from the second outlet and compressed air flows from the first outlet and prevents migration of fuel between the two vortices, thereby maintaining a rich air fuel ratio in the upstream vortex which reduces the emissions of NOx. Also, the flow of air from the first outlet reduces the deposition of carbon from the liquid fuels on the deflecting member.

Abstract: A solid state heating and cooling apparatus for controlling the temperature of a room includes a plurality of series-coupled thermoelectric modules having first and second sides which become hot and cold, respectively, when current passes through said modules in a first direction and which become cold and hot, respectively, when current passes through in a second opposite direction. First and second heat sinks are placed proximate to the first and second sides to be either heated or cooled thereby. A first inlet duct having a fan therein cooperates with a first outlet duct so as to cause air to flow from the room whose temperature is to be controlled past the first heat sink and back into the room. A second inlet duct has a fan positioned therein so as to cause waste air to flow past the second heat sink and through a second outlet duct to an area apart from the room whose temperature is to be controlled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of determining the set point of a pressure and temperature controller for the high-pressure part of a sorption heat pump.Since the manufacturer of sorption heat pumps does not know from the outset at which location the heat pump is to be installed, such heat pumps cannot be preadjusted, but must be adjusted individually at the location of installation in accordance with the requirements of the user and the expected outdoor temperature.It is the object of the present invention to provide possibilities for preadjusting the temperature and pressure controllers of sorption heat pumps to values which are subsequently varied only in dependence on the day-to-day operating conditions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring the protective circuit associated with a heat pump system wherein both the high pressure switch on the condensor side of the compressor and the low temperature switch on the evaporator side of the compressor are continuously monitored by a low voltage rectifier circuit that relays a signal to a second lock-in relay circuit which in turn initiates and maintains a signal light indicating which switch caused the heat pump system to turn down. Such a device is an inexpensive yet reliable method of diagnosing problems and dangerous conditions with minimum risk to the heat pump.

Abstract: The front wall of a freezing barrel supports a rod-like projection extending into the inner area of the freezing chamber. Such rod-like projection is hollow and encloses a temperature sensor to directly measure the temperature of the mix being frozen. The rod-like projection also provides partial pivotal support for a mixing blade in the freezing chamber. The machine includes a temperature readout on a front panel thereof with plus or minus readings and also includes a fill light on such panel designating when fill material is to be added. A dial is also provided for precise setting of the temperature of the freezing chamber by specific degrees.

Abstract: A compressor protector system is an air conditioning system that includes a compressor driven by an engine through an electromagnetic clutch. If the refrigerant charge is below the level necessary for proper compressor cooling and lubrication a pressure or temperature responsive switch cycles at an excessive rate. A digital counter adds the number of cycles occuring over a given time, compares the rate of switch pulses to a predetermined maximum and operates to disengage the clutch and signal the vehicle operator that corrective action to restore the refrigerant charge is required.

Abstract: A system for meeting building air conditioning load conditions by optimally selecting a combination of chillers having dissimilar efficiency characteristics, the system having a load sensor for sensing building load a refrigerant head sensor for sensing refrigerant head of the chillers, and a controller connected to the load sensor and to the refrigerant head sensor for sorting the chillers according to their efficiency characteristics data with the chiller having a minimum kw/ton versus capacity point being ranked first and for selecting a combination of the chillers which will require a minimum energy input to meet building load conditions.

Abstract: A vapor generating and recovery apparatus for vaporizing a liquid and condensing the vapor including at least one chamber in which vapor is generated from the liquid and recovering the vapor in liquid form, the vapor generating portion of the chamber being in heat emitting relation with a heat emitting means and the vapor recovery portion of the chamber being in heat absorbing relation with a heat absorbing means. A preferred system for providing heating and cooling to the vapor generating and recovery apparatus is a refrigerant system which includes at least one refrigerant condensing coil (heat emitting means) and at least one refrigerant evaporating coil (heat absorbing means) in heat transfer relationship with the vapor generating portion and vapor recovery portion, respectively, of the chamber, and two refrigerant heat exchanger means, one being downstream and one being upstream of the heat emitting means for removing excess heat from the refrigerant system.

Abstract: A solid state circuit for cycling the refrigerant compressor of an automotive air conditioning system on and off in accordance with a refrigerant vapor condition and for detecting the duration of compressor energization periods as an indication of low refrigerant charge. If a condition of low refrigerant charge is detected, the compressor is disabled and an instrument panel lamp is lit to notify the operator of the vehicle of the low refrigerant charge condition.

Abstract: A flat knitting machine with a carriage movable over the needle beds has presser foot wires with free trailing ends arranged in holders to extend in the direction of travel of the carriage in front of the withdrawal positions of the needles. For simple construction and selective utilization of the presser foot device the holders for the presser foot wires are secured on a slider which slides along the needle beds on a thread guide rail, and the slider is selectively entrained by the carriage by means of entraining pins carried displaceably on the carriage. The holders for the stroking-in wires are preferably displaceable vertically towards the needle bed combs.

Abstract: A single or multiple cam unit for knitting machines, with needle feet of knitting needles selectively lowerable by means of a needle selector device into the needle channels of the needle beds, comprises fixed and movable cam elements of the cam units (D) and pressure cam elements (17, 18, 19, 20) for each cam unit (D) cooperating with the needle selector device. In order to effect a transfer of stitches independently of the carriage traverse direction and independently of the transfer direction towards the front, towards the rear or in both directions at the same time, each cam unit (D) is constructed symmetrical about the central axis (M) of the cam unit (D), each cam unit (D) includes a cam element (8) oscillatable in the cam plane for extending the needles during knit-stitch formation as well as a controllable cam element (6) for tuck-stitch formation and, in each cam element (D), fixed transfer cam elements (27,28) and fixed acceptor cam elements (24,23) for stitch transfer are provided.

Abstract: A double knitting cam unit for knitting machines, with working jacks arrad in the needle channels of the needle beds behind the knitting needles and Jacquard jacks arranged behind these, includes superposed needle cam units (AD), jack cam units (BD) and Jacquard jack cam units (CD) with fixed and movable cam elements. In order to enable a transfer of stitches independently of the carriage traverse direction and independently of the transfer direction towards the front, towards the rear or in both directions at the same time, the cam units (AD, BD, CD) are made symmetrical to the central line (L) between the two parts of the double knitting cam unit and each needle or jack cam unit (AD, BD) contains movable transfer cam elements (1/1) and each jack or needle cam unit (BD, AD) contains movable acceptor cam elements (9, 8) for stitch transfer.

Abstract: A weft thread magazine with constant weft thread delivery for a warp knitting machine has spools, from each of which there are led weft threads. These spools are rotatable about their longitudinal axis and are driven at a speed corresponding to the mean weft thread consumption speed. The weft threads are flat, untwisted ribbons which are fed from the spools tangentially. Between the spools and the thread guides there is a thread storage device. This storage device compensates for the continual thread delivery against the periodically changing weft thread consumption. The spools can be driven so that the weft threads are taken from the spool by at least one roller of a delivery apparatus. The roller is driven at a constant rate of rotation.

Abstract: A knitting technique in which opposed needles reciprocate towards and past one another in a time-varying motion which is at least principally lengthwise of the needle. One needle approaches and picks up a yarn-end from another needle and forms a loop in the yarn and over the one needle while the other needle withdraws. The other needle then approaches in its turn to pick up a yarn-end and form a further loop while the one needle sheds its loop on to the yarn-end now picked up to form the further loop, the cycle continuing to produce a seam of linked loops. Shogging action by needles and/or associated yarn-control elements produces seam interaction to link seams weft-wise as a knitted fabric. More complex interaction produces patterned fabrics and other knits where yarns link across several wales. An apparatus to carry out the technique includes a needle motion drive using linkages to produce a durable and precise drive action.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for supplying dry detergent concentrate to a metering device for dissolving or dispersing in water which prevents or minimizes the formation of dust, lumping, caking, and encrustation of vessel walls and supplies new detergent to the laundry plant in response to changes in electrical conductivity of the wash water from a predetermined value which indicates consumption of original detergent required in soil removal and need for replenishment thereof. The minimizing of dust and protection of the detergent from moisture is accomplished by using a flexible delivery container, the filling means and emptying means of which are sealable and which emptying means acts in cooperation with the metering apparatus section to form an integral delivery system which is generally isolated from the surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: Apparatus for applying foam onto continuously advancing webs of material in which several nozzles are provided which are connected to a foam distributor which comprises a chamber with foam outlets as well as a distribution rotor which rotates in the chamber and is in communication with a foam feed line directing the foam from the inside toward the foam outlets.

Abstract: A protection device of the type useful for preventing access to a padlock or small combination lock as well as serving as a container for keys, incorporates a first and second half which are joined together along a junction to form a united body. The united body has a closed bottom wall and a substantially circular circumferential wall as well as a top wall. Locking means are adapted to the body to secure the first and second halves together. The top wall includes an essentially elongated opening formed partly in one of the halves and formed in the remainder in the other half. The opening is sized and shaped to allow exposure of the shank of a padlock or combination lock from the body while retaining the body of the padlock or combination lock within the hollow interior of the united body as well as retaining a bulbus member attached to an exposed U-shaped member.

Abstract: A heat shield arrangement for strip material employs insulating panels of thin-walled composite construction. The panels include an upper series displaceable upwardly by power actuation means to avoid damage by buckled or lifting material. Protective members projecting below the upper panels are associated with sensing means to actuate the raising of the upper panels and can have a limited displacement before the raising of the upper panels is actuated. The power actuation means can themselves act on the sensing means to determine the minimum force from the material that causes raising of said panels. Control means displace the panels in response to the sensed transverse temperature profile to maintain the profile more uniform and some of the panels may have heating means for this purpose.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in a metal strip rolling apparatus. The metal strip rolling apparatus consists of a rolling mill, a tension take-up reel to receive the metal strip passing through the mill, and a shape sensing roll mounted between the mill and the take-up reel. The shape sensing roll provides information for adjusting the mill for correction of the shape of the metal strip in the mill. The improvement consists of a closed loop system for automatically adjusting actual wrap angle of the metal strip on the shape sensing roll. The closed loop includes hydraulic lifts, disposed at either end of the shape sensing roll, for adjusting the position of both ends of the shape sensing roll simultaneously relative to the position of the take-up reel. A servo actuator controls the operation of the hydraulic lift. An electronic processor receives information from the shape sensing roll relating to its actual wrap angle, and it has in its memory a quantity indicative of a desired wrap angle.

Abstract: The article handling assembly includes a lifting beam having a support with a plurality of workpiece grasping members. The support is moved inwardly and outwardly with respect to the work stations of the forging press. A spraying mechanism is also provided to move inwardly and outwardly with respect to the work stations of the forging press. A control mechanism operates the movement of the lifting beam having the workpiece grasping members effecting movement from one work station to the next. The movement is effected along the length of the forging press work stations outside of the area of the work stations. The movement of the spraying mechanism into and out of the work stations is synchronized with the movement of the workpiece grasping members moving into and out of the work stations to initially grasp workpieces and then to release the workpieces in the next work station. These operations are effectuated while the forging press is in an open position.

Abstract: Skewed-axis cylindrical-die rolling system for the production of continuously threaded rod and similar continuous helical forms using two driven forming dies and an annular formed support roller which supports the part being formed a controlled distance below the line of centers of the forming dies.

Abstract: An indirect extrusion press including a die assembly having a loose die detachably mounted on a die stem and axially movable relative to a billet container for extruding a billet through a die hole, and a die handling mechanism for transferring the die assembly between the press center and a position outside the press machine, the indirect extrusion press including a reduced diameter portion provided in the rear end portion of the die stem and defining a stepped wall portion; a loose die detachably mounted on the end face of the reduced diameter portion; and a detachable cleaning ring loosely fitted on the reduced diameter portion of the die stem in abutting engagement with the stepped wall portion and in axially spaced relation with the loose die, the cleaning ring being in sliding engagement with the inner periphery of the billet container in the extruding phase of the press operation to remove container shells.

Abstract: A blank section of a steel rod is heated and then successively impacted between hot forging dies to form a preform or rough forging ball joint socket having a tubular socket portion and a laterally projecting mounting flange portion. The rough forging is then inserted into a die set assembly including an upper die member surrounding a relatively movable punch and a lower die member surrounding a relatively movable ejector member. The upper die member is supported by a piston of a hydraulic cylinder which moves with the punch, and the upper and lower die members cooperate to produce the desired precision external configuration of the socket and flange portions. After the die members are closed, the punch cooperates with the ejector member to form the desired precision internal configuration of the tubular socket portion.

Abstract: Method for forming scroll members comprising an end plate having an involute wrap rigidly affixed thereto. The end plate and involute wrap are precision formed, e.g., by casting, either as an integral element or as two separate elements and then the scroll member is coined to the desired dimensional accuracy and finish. If a separate end plate and an involute wrap are provided for coining, then they are rigidly joined during coining, an embodiment which permits the use of two different materials and/or the attainment of two different surface characteristics for the involute wrap and the end plate.

Abstract: The characteristics of an ultrasonic scanning system, including band-width, center frequency, and spectrum shape of reflected signals, are determined by directing ultrasonic energy from the system into a phantom having known ultrasonic attenuation and detecting the reflected ultrasonic signal for various depths in the phantom. Band-width is measured from the slope of frequency versus phantom depth. Center frequency is determined from the frequency of the signal reflected from the surface of the phantom. Spectrum shape is determined from the change in frequency of the reflected signal with change in phantom depth.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for monitoring the partial pressure of a gas in the liquid flowing in a line, for example the PO.sub.2 or PCO.sub.2 tension in blood. The apparatus comprises a connector adapted for insertion in the line, the connector having a wall which includes a membrane permeable to the gas but impermeable to the liquid. The membrane has a first face in contact with the liquid in the connector and a second face oppositely disposed to the first face. A sensor, for example, an electrochemical sensor, is located adjacent the second face and is responsive to gas passing through the membrane from the liquid.

Abstract: To compensate for temperature-dependent shift on the operating characteristics of an oxygen ion conductive sensor which tends to shift the operating characteristics towards the "lean" range (.lambda.>1) at low temperature, and towards the "rich" range (.lambda.<1) at high temperature, the pulses derived from the sensor are delayed or shifted such that the trailing edge of the pulses, representative of shift from lean to rich direction, is transmitted with delay; dependent on temperature, the shift from rich to lean is also transmitted with delay. The delays are obtained by timing circuits (9, 14) which have variable time delays, the time delay being controlled by a temperature signal (9a) derived by sensing a-c resistance of the sensor, split by a high-pass filter and rectified.

Abstract: A parallel flow diffusion battery for determining the mass distribution of an aerosol has a plurality of diffusion cells mounted in parallel to an aerosol stream, each diffusion cell including a stack of mesh wire screens of different density.

Abstract: A housing is mounted on the body of an internal combustion engine to vibrate together therewith. The housing contains a weight that is constructed as a unitary structure together with a vibration unit which has such a rigidity as to resonate at knocking frequencies of the internal combustion engine, and a converter element which converts the pressure received from the weight into electric signals.

Abstract: A method and system for separating and sealing sections of a pipeline are disclosed. A spherical member is advanced by pressure along the interior of a pipeline to seat against a restraining member forming a pressure-tight seal. The advancing pressure may then be increased within the pipeline to monitor for leaks in the upstream section of the pipeline.

Abstract: A capillary bridge viscometer is disclosed for measuring the relative viscosity of a solute in a solvent. The bridge contains two (2) fluid flow circuits. One circuit contains two (2) capillaries in series. The second circuit contains two (2) capillaries in series with a valve and an associated liquid reservoir positioned intermediate of the capillaries. A common feed line feeds a first liquid to both fluid flow circuits. With the valve set in one operating position, the first liquid flows through all four (4) capillaries and no pressure differential is established across the bridge. With the valve set in a second operating position, the first liquid exiting the first capillary of the second fluid flow circuit flows into the liquid reservoir and displaces a second liquid stored therein which then flows through the second capillary of the second fluid flow circuit. A differential pressure is established across the bridge which is a function of the viscosity of the second liquid.

Abstract: In the preferred and illustrated embodiment, a sample collection system is set forth which includes a free water volume analyzer. Sample from a producing well or pipeline is collected in this apparatus. The sample is stored under pressure. As the sample is collected, there is some risk that water will be collected with it. The sample collection apparatus is demounted after the full sample has been collected and moved to a laboratory for analysis. The value of the flow is gauged by the sample or specimen stored in this apparatus. At the time of testing, it is necessary to check for water content, water having no sale value. This apparatus includes a bottom located water collection chamber with a piston plugging that chamber. The piston is forced down in a controlled fashion and the water is viewed through a sight glass. The sight glass enables the test personnel to determine by sight whether or not there is water in the sample.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and method for determining the hardness of a test piece supported in a predetermined position, by illuminating the test piece with an electromagnetic medium, receiving reflected medium in a television camera which provides a signal which varies in accordance with variations in intensity of the reflected medium, and electrically processing the signal to provide an output dependent upon the size of indentation which can be interpreted to determine the hardness of the test piece.