Abstract: A syringe comprises a cylinder with a cannula embedded in the tip portion of the cylinder and a protector cap mounted on the tip portion for protecting the cannula. Prior art syringes in which the front end of the cylinder is in close contact with the rear end of the protector are difficult to gas-sterilize because the interior space between the protector and the tip portion is sealed. The cylinder tip portion is provided with at least one first rib or channel and the cylinder front end with at least one second rib or channel that together form a passage for fluid communication between the interior of the protector cap and the outside of the cylinder such that the syringe can be fully gas-sterilized with the protector cap mounted. The second rib(s) or channel(s) also functions to restrict the advance of the protector cap to prevent damage to the cannula.

Abstract: A kit of instruments for percutaneous introduction of a catheter into a major blood vessel of a human patient, including a hollow needle assembly having a proximal end adapted to be inserted through the skin of a patient into the blood vessel, a guide wire adapted to be inserted through the needle into the blood vessel, and a catheter having a proximal end adapted to be inserted into the blood vessel over the guide wire after said needle is withdrawn over said guide wire. The hollow needle assembly includes a first small gauge hollow needle having a beveled needle point on the front end thereof, and at least a second hollow needle mounted concentrically over the first needle and having a sharp chisel-shaped front edge located a moderate distance behind the point on said first needle.

Abstract: It is intended to a probe, an apparatus for parenteral or enteral infusion.Two bodies (1, 2) are nested one into the other. They comprise each an inner cylindrical flowing means (4, 11) engaged one into the other by one of the ends thereof (4b, 11b) until the respective closing plates thereof (8, 14) are in contact. The outer casings (3, 10) co-operate by the ends thereof (18, 20) so as to keep the two bodies (1, 2) in an engagement relationship. The two bodies (1, 2) rotatingly move one with respect to the other and hence allow to regulate the flow by variable juxtaposition of the half-moon openings (9, 15) arranged in the closing plates (8, 14).

Abstract: A surgical drainage unit is provided for draining fluids from the body of a patient wherein the suction pressure, applied through a suction inlet of the unit to draw fluids into the unit, is incrementally controlled and a direct indication of the applied suction pressure is afforded. A device which contracts responsive to an increase in suction in a collection chamber of the unit is equipped with an indicator vane that cooperates with a fixed scale to indicate the amount of movement of the bellows and hence indicate the suction within the collection chamber. A manually adjustable control valve incrementally controls the amount of air admitted to a suction line within the unit to thereby control the applied suction. A negative pressure relief valve is also provided so that excess negativity within the inlet tube can be manually relieved.

Abstract: A wound drainage device in the form of a flexible pouch having top and bottom walls and having pleated side walls that allow the top wall to be lifted a limited distance without transmitting appreciable lifting or tensioning forces to the bottom wall when the bottom wall is surgically apertured and secured about a wound site. The top wall includes an access opening having a flanged locking ring of flexible plastic extending thereabout. A removable closure cap is attached to the access opening, the cap having a flat rim of flexible plastic with circumferential locking ribs releasably and sealingly engaging a series of mating ribs provided by the flanged portion of the ring.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compounds suitable for use in finishing cellulose fiber containing textile material are described. The compounds are of the general formula ##EQU1## wherein k is an integer of 1-2,n is an integer of 1-3,X is an anion of a strong acid, andY is selected from among ##STR1## which are bound to the nitrogen atoms of a heterocyclic compound, n, which is a 5 or 6 membered ring.

Abstract: Contact lenses comprising polymeric lens materials in which reactive dyestuffs have been covalently bonded to monomer units of the polymer backbone, said reactive dyestuffs being reactive dyes capable of forming ether linkages with cellulose and reactive with hydroxyl, amino, amido or mercapto groups present in a hydrogel polymer to form the covalent bond therewith. The invention is of particular interest in the area of so-called hydrophilic or "soft" contact lenses, commonly referred to as hydrogel lenses.

Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with aqueous dispersions of anionic acid dyes, especially the monosulphonated level dyeing acid dyes, which have low room temperature, low shear viscosities and good storage stability. This low viscosity enables them to be readily poured, pumped and otherwise handled. These dispersions comprise dyestuff solids with a controlled particle size distribution having a median value between about 1 and 10 microns; an anionic dispersant; and an electrolyte. In a preferred embodiment the pH is adjusted to give an optimum viscosity value. Another preferred feature is the adjustment of the rheology with a thickening agent such as xanthan gum. These dispersions find particular utility in the continuous dyeing of carpet, especially in Kuesters or foam dyeing equipment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a one-step ion-exchange method for organically bonding alkali and alkaline-earth metals onto coal. The method comprises contacting the coal, at a temperature from about 20.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. with, (a) an aqueous solution containing cations of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline-earth metals, and (b) an oxidizing gas.

Abstract: A process for providing a clean coal-water slurry, which contains from 60-80 volume percent of coal and has a relatively low viscosity, is provided. In one embodiment of this process, a coal-water mixture which contains 60-80 volume percent of solid material is ground until a slurry whose particle size distribution is in accordance with a specified CPFT formula is produced, and the coal is cleaned; in this embodiment, the coal is cleaned either by cleaning the coal-water mixture before grinding it, or by cleaning the coal-water slurry. In another embodiment of this process, a coal-water mixture is blended with at least one additional coal fraction(such as coal, coal-water mixture, or mixtures thereof) until a slurry is produced which contains 60-80 percent of solids and which has the aforementioned particle size distribution; and the coal is cleaned; in this embodiment, it is preferred to clean the coal by cleaning the coal-water slurry.

Abstract: A motor fuel comprising 35-98% hydrocarbon-containing base and 2-65% by volume of an additive which comprises a mixture containing(a) 5-35% by volume of methyl tert-butyl ether;(b) 5-40% by volume of isopropyl tert-butyl ether; and(c) 5-40% by volume of sec-butyl tert-butyl ether,has a high octane number and reduces exhaust pollutants.

Abstract: A centrifugal separator cleans a stream of fluid by passing the same through a rapidly rotating tapered duct. Rotation of the duct creates centrifugal force which causes pollutants carried by the stream to collect on a duct wall and to flow along the wall in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of the fluid through the duct.

Abstract: This invention relates to the separation of hydrogen from other fluids by contacting said fluids with a titanium alloy comprising about 13% by weight vanadium, about 11% by weight chromium, about 3% by weight aluminum, balance titanium, stabilized in the body centered cubic crystalline form, said alloy having at least one clean surface coated with a metal oralloy based on a member of the class consisting of palladium, nickel, cobalt, iron, vanadium, niobium or tantalum, and allowing hydrogen to permeate the coated alloy at a temperature between about 100.degree. C. and about 500.degree. C.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring the service life of adsorption cartridges used for desiccating moist pressurized air or for purifying pressurized air by removing harmful substances therefrom. The apparatus includes a timepiece for counting the operating hours. The speed of the timpiece is adjusted in accordance with the temperature of the pressurized air to be filtered.

Abstract: In pressure swing adsorption systems having at least five adsorbent beds, three or more cocurrent depressurization-pressure equalization steps are employed in each processing cycle. At least one indirect equalization step is employed between two direct pressure equalizations in which void space gas released from the product end of a bed is passed directly to another bed initially at lower pressure so as to equalize the pressure therebetween. In such indirect pressure equalization step, said void space gas is introduced into an external storage tank from which it is passed to a bed being repressurized for indirect pressure equalization between two direct equalization steps in the repressurization of said bed. Sequential direct-indirect-direct-indirect or indirect-direct-indirect-direct processing steps are preferred.

Abstract: Processes for removing N.sub.2 from a feed gas comprising CO+N.sub.2 or CO, CO.sub.2 +N.sub.2 through PSA by using at least two adsorption columns containing an adsorbent exhibiting selective adsorb property to carbon monoxide which comprises:(i) a step of pressurizing an adsorption column by the feed gas;(ii) a step of introducing the feed gas into the adsorption column, in which step (i) was previously completed, so as to adsorb CO, or CO+CO.sub.

Abstract: A twin tower assembly for decontaminating compressed gas, each tower having inlet, outlet, drain and solenoid valves of which the inlet and drain valves are separately connected directly to the solenoid valve and actuated respectively to close and open by actuating gas supplied and exhausted through the tower's solenoid valve, the towers by alternate energizing of their solenoid valves under timer control and actuation of their inlet and drain valves each normally alternating between decontaminating and regenerating cycles and together alternating in their decontaminating cycles for supplying a continuous output of decontaminated gas, the inlet and drain valves of each tower being so relatively constructed that actuating gas supplied at the same pressure at the solenoid valve exerts a greater force differential for closing the inlet valve than for opening the drain valve and ensures that in cycling the inlet valve will close before opening and open after closing of the drain valve.

Abstract: This invention relates to filtering separators of the kind having a housing which is subdivided by a partition, provided with parallel rows of holes or slots, into a dust-laden gas space for receiving filter elements positioned in parallel rows and being impinged upon by dust-laden gas from the outside towards the inside, and a clean gas space. In addition, the housing is provided with a chamber for cleansing the filter element surfaces of a row by counterflow action while covering at the same time the partition holes or slots leading to the adjacent rows of filter elements. The chamber is arranged for the supply of compressed air to at least one injector arranged to feed compressed air and secondary air to the row of filter elements to be cleansed. The chamber is also reciprocatingly displaceable along the partition in periodic and intermittent manner.

Abstract: The high velocity gradients associated with the shear layer or boundary layer of a supersonic gas stream, especially the potential core thereof, are applied to form fibers of a melted material projected across such gradients. Optimization of the effects of such gradients is sought by sustaining the magnitude of the gradients as long as possible by minimizing shear layer growth rate and/or stabilizing the rate of vortex formation, and by synchronizing the rate of projection of melt with the rate of vortex production. Provisions such as vortex triggering or density loading are made for reducing the shear layer growth rate. Provisions are also made for intermittently feeding melt at a rate synchronized with the rate of vortex formation. Provisions for regulating the temperature in the shear layer are made such as appropriately controlling stagnation gas temperature, causing an exothermal reaction within the gas stream, or causing combustion of the gas stream within an oxygen containing fiberization chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to oximes of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 0, 1 or 2 and m is 0 or 1, and wherein Ar is a phenyl radical ##STR2## a naphthyl radical substituted by R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, a 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic radical which contains not more than 3 identical or different heteroatoms N, O and/or S, and which is substituted by R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 and can be substituted by oxo or thiono, or, if m is O, Ar is a radical R--CO--, wherein R is a radical --OR.sub.5, and Q is a radical C.sub.a H.sub.2a --R.sub.8, wherein a is an integer between 1 and 6, while R and R.sub.8 are as defined in the description of the specification. These compounds can be used for protecting plant crops from the action of aggressive agrochemicals.

Abstract: Formamidine sulphides and disulphides endowed with herbicide activity are disclosed.The processes for their preparation, their use as herbicides and herbicidal compositions thereof are disclosed too.

Abstract: Disclosed are certain herbicidally active benzoxazolyloxy benzoate derivatives, herbicidal compositions containing these compounds and the use of such compounds to control the growth of noxious plants, i.e., weeds.

Abstract: An N-(2,3-epoxypropylene)-N-aralkylsulfonamide of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group which may be substituted, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, independently of each other, are a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R.sup.4 and R.sup.4', independently of each other, are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a halogen atom, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7, independently of each other, are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group or an aryl group, and n is 0 or 1.The novel compounds have excellent herbicidal effect based on the physiological selectivity between rice plant and weeds, and have low phytotoxicity against rice plant.

Abstract: Herbicide antidote compounds and herbicidal compositions according consisting of an active herbicide compound and an antidote therefore and the methods of use of the antidote compound and compositions wherein the antidote compounds correspond to the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is halo substituted phenyl, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are individually selected from alkyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 and alkenyl C.sub.3 -C.sub.4.

Abstract: Salts, esters, amides, hydrazides and hydroxyamides of 4-methyl-4-[3'-(4"-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-phenoxy]crotonic acid are herbicidal against broad leaf plants.

Abstract: In a process for the reduction of titanium salt comprising a halide of titanium to titanium metal by contacting said titanium salt in the molten state with a molten alloy and zinc to form a solution of titanium metal in zinc the improvement which comprises the step of:(a) contacting said titanium salt in the molten state with said molten alloy at an elevated pressure to thereby increase the solubility of said titanium metal in said solution.For example, an ore comprising titanium oxides may be fluorinated to convert the titanium oxides to titanium fluorides and the titanium fluorides may be reduced to titanium metal by contacting a molten titanium fluoride salt with a molten zinc-aluminum alloy at an elevated pressure to provide a titanium-zinc alloy having a greater concentration of titanium than is obtained at ambient pressure. The titanium-zinc alloy may be separated from the resulting fluorides of aluminum and the zinc distilled from the alloy to leave behind titanium sponge.

Abstract: A machinery steel intended for rugged operating conditions, such as continuous casting rolls, and have near isotropic properties due to the controlled use of calcium, aluminum and melting techniques, and having the following constituents and characteristics:______________________________________ C from about .15 to about .25 Mn from about .75 to about 1.25 Si from about .15 to about .50 Ni from about 1.00 to about 1.50 Cr from about 1.00 to about 1.50 Mo from about .35 to about .45 V from about .04 to about .06 Al from about .010 to about .035 Cu up to .35 max. P up to .025 max. S up to .025 max. H.sub.2 up to 2.5 ppm max. O.sub.2 up to 40 ppm max. Ca from about 15 ppm to about 50 ppm, Fe balance, plus usual non-deleterious impurities, ______________________________________said steel being further characterized by the presence of Type III sulfides being predominate over Type II sulfides.

Abstract: A welding additive material substantially free of cobalt and carbide for deposit welding to obtain a welding deposit having high abrasion resistance, high corrosion resistance and high inter-granular corrosion resistance in the non-heat treated state, essentially consists of carbon up to a maximum of 0.15 percent, silicon in the range 3.00 to 10.00 percent, manganese in the range of 3.00 to 12.00 percent, chromium in the range of 22.00 to 30.00 percent and nickel in the range of 7.00 to 16.00 percent, each in percent by weight related to the proportion of the metallic components contained in the core wire and in the coating of a coated rod electrode or the filler of a filler wire of band filler. The remainder may be iron and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: There are applied gold containing preparations as intermediate layers for facing fired on alloys with ceramic compositions in the dental art. These gold preparations should improve the adhesiveness, form a structured surface and make possible a saving in the consumption of gold. This is accomplished with preparations that contain 60 to 95% gold powder, at least 50% of which are platelet shaped particles, 5-40% of a binder and in a given case up to 20 of a powder as an adhesive which is made of metals and/or non-metals.

Abstract: Compounds useful as cement set retarding additives have been found which have the formula ##STR1## wherein A, B, C and D substituents are independently selected from hydrogen, methylenephosphonic acid, or salts thereof, hydroxypropyltrialkylammonium halide, wherein the trialkylammonium moiety contains alkyl groups having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms and n is 0 to 15, and wherein said substituents include at least one methylenephosphonic acid group, or salt thereof, and at least one hydroxypropyltrialkylammonium halide group.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for continuously manufacturing a non-sintered pellet, which comprises:continuously supplying a green pellet having a water content of from 6 to 20 wt. % into a shaft type reactor to continuously pass the green pellet sequentially through a pre-treating zone, a hydration reaction zone and a drying zone in the shaft type reactor; blowing a pre-treating gas with a relative humidity of up to 70% and at a temperature of from 65.degree. to 250.degree. C. into the pre-treating zone to pre-dry the green pellet in the pre-treating zone until the difference in the water content in the green pellet before and after the abovementioned pre-drying becomes at least 4 wt. % within the limits in which the green pellet in the pre-treating zone contains at least 2 wt. % water; blowing a gas for hydration reaction at a temperature of from 50.degree. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A wax emulsion is disclosed which upon application to a material forms a film capable of keeping the material water-proof or otherwise protective against ambient influences. The quality of the wax emulsion is improved by the combination of a hydrocarbon wax with a liquid polybutadiene a polybutene or a polyisobutylene.

Abstract: The flow and handling characteristics of arylide yellow and orange pigment dispersions are improved by incorporating in them a small amount of a rheology modifier that is the product obtained by reacting an arylide yellow or orange pigment with a primary diamine and a glycidyl ether.

Abstract: A process for the hydrolysis of cellulose from vegetable raw materials to glucose, particularly using wood as the raw material, comprises conveying the raw material through a hydrolysis zone in finely comminuted form, the raw material being impregnated with dilute acid and at a sufficiently high hydrolysis temperature. The raw material impregnated with dilute acid is supplied in portions and continuously through the hydrolysis zone where it is heated to a hydrolysis temperature of above 250.degree. C. by means of high pressure steam. This takes place in an extremely short time accompanied by a sudden pressure rise.Apparatus for performing this process comprises a tubular reactor having at least one straight pipe through which can be conveyed an endless piston chain. The pistons of this chain form a leakage gap opposite the inner wall of the pipe and, in each case, two adjacent pistons define a piston chamber. A high pressure steam line is arranged to issue approximately into the center of the pipe.

Abstract: Method of adding water and a hydroxide of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal to a washing solvent such as an alkylamide and/or alkylsulfoxide when washing and removing high molecular substances stuck on the interior of a production apparatus or molding machine for an aromatic vinyl-acrylonitrile copolymer. A method for regenerating and recovering the washing solvent used for the above-mentioned washing and removal by means of an evaporator and distillation tower.

Abstract: A method of controlling the partial pressure of at least one substance or substance mixture comprising arranging the substance or mixture of substances in a chamber, arranging at least one element containing the substance or mixture of substances in the chamber and selecting the structure or crystal structure of the element to provide the desired partial pressure in the chamber.

Abstract: When heating a semiconductor wafer by means of application of radiated light, it is effective to employ subsidiary heating means whose temperature rises upon exposure to the radiated light so that the circumferential portion of the wafer is additionally heated to compensate radiation of heat therefrom. The subsidiary heating means is arranged to elongate along the circumference of the wafer. It is important to limit the ratio of the characteristics, whose definition will be given below, of the subsidiary heating means to that of the wafer to 0.6-1.4 in order to avoid the occurrence of such a damage as slip line or the like in the wafer. The characteristics are expressed by the following formula: ##EQU1## wherein .eta.: reflectivity;.rho.: specific gravity (g/cm.sup.3);d: thickness (cm); andC: specific heat (joule/g.multidot..degree.C.).

Abstract: Dopant atoms are diffused into a silicon wafer by heating the entirety of the silicon wafer with the dopant atoms to a predetermined diffusing temperature in a short period of time, and more specifically, by applying light onto the silicon wafer under such conditions that the temperature difference between a central part of the silicon wafer and its peripheral part is maintained within 65.degree. C. The above diffusion method permits to carry out diffusion of the dopant atoms into silicon wafers with high productivity but without inducing physical defects such as warping or slip lines. It requires a very short time period for effecting diffusion to a desired extent and it enables to make the depth of diffusion greater.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for receiving sucker rods as they emerge from an electric-induction normalizing furnace and conveying them to a cooling bed while both suitably supporting and suitably rotating them to prevent warpage.

Abstract: A method of cooling a rod delivered successively from a hot rolling mill while transferring it. The method involves coiling the rod into rings, forming the rings into a densely packed coil in which the centers of the rings are slightly offse, conveying the densely packed coil through an enclosed space, and progressively cooling the coil while keeping the temperature differences within the cross-section of the coil perpendicular to the length thereof at a minimum. This is done by adjusting the gaseous heat transfer medium within the enclosed space to keep the temperature of the external surface of said cross-section of the coil substantially uniform, during the course of conveying the coil, and vertically dropping the rings of the coil at least once for accelerating the release of heat from the core portions of the densely packed part of the coil along each edge of the coil.

Abstract: Solid reactant hydrogen gas generator formulations which yield greater than 5 weight percent hydrogen of greater than 98 mole percent hydrogen purity are formulated of a primary heat and hydrogen source selected from ammonia borane from about 50 to about 70 weight percent and hydrazine bisborane from about 0-30.00 weight percent, a first hydrogen-containing compound that functions as an auxiliary heat and hydrogen source consisting of ammonium nitrate from about 10.20 to about 17.82 weight percent, and a second hydrogen-containing compound that functions as an auxiliary heat and hydrogen source consisting of (NH.sub.4).sub.2 B.sub.10 H.sub.10 from about 9.80 to about 17.18 weight percent.

Abstract: The invention relates to high pressure decorative laminates containing an air-laid web of fibers, filler and resin as a core and to a method of preparing such a decorative laminate from an assembly comprising said substrate and a thermosetting resin impregnated decor sheet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for determining the quality of a spinweld bond produced on a single or multiple spindle production spinwelder and to a method and apparatus for alarming and/or ejecting products containing defective welds.The method and apparatus of the present invention utilizes a detector means to determine the condition of a tool or spindle (i.e., if it is still "live" rotating at a point when it should be at rest) and a timing means to actuate an indicator when a live tool is detected. The present invention also involves a means to detect a spinwelder with an actuated indicator and to eject the product thereon. The present invention also relates to a method and apparatus for automatically shutting down a spinwelder producing an excess of defective products.

Abstract: A continuously operating bead filler assembly system for forming filler material on top of a tire bead includes a multiple station assembly machine having at least one station for placing the bead and positioning the filler material in cylindrical form adjacent the bead and at least one station for forming and rotating the filler material on top of the bead. The multiple station assembly machine is used in conjunction with a rubber extruder, which continuously extrudes the filler material onto an accumulator, which delivers the filler material to a cutting and measuring device which cuts the filler material in predetermined lengths for deposit of the filler material in cylindrical form onto accumulator station.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a tire comprises a first process including the steps of forming a carcass ply or the like to a cylindrical configuration, placing bead cores on the cylindrical carcass ply and then effecting assembly of a carcass ply-bead core structure. A second process of the method includes the steps of receiving the structure from the last step in the first process, effecting assembly of a cylindrical carcass layer and then deforming the latter into a trochoidal configuration to obtain a green tire, wherein the carcass ply located between both the bead cores on the structure is caused to expand either in the first process or in the second process. The structure is placed on a drum device in the second process, the bead cores are wrapped with the end portions of the carcass ply and then the green tire for the radial tire is assembled by attaching side wall members or the like.

Abstract: An improved method of splicing film such as original motion picture film negative which provides a quick, efficient and inexpensive way to splice the film in such a fashion that no frames of film footage are lost as a result of the splice, the splice is permanent and a new splice can be made over the old splice if necessary.

Abstract: An ultracentrifuge rotor comprising a body portion formed as a bowl with a central open chamber defined by a thin, cylindrical wall extending from a supporting base and a plurality of nested rings of filament windings surrounding the cylindrical wall for strengthening and stiffening same. The nested rings result in a uniform filament density throughout the ring assembly.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a tip section of a fishing rod with, an integral ferrule located at the butt end of the tip section, employs a mandrel having an annular shoulder separating two discrete mandrel sections. Heat-curable sheet material is wrapped about the first section adjacent the shoulder until the outer diameter of the wrapped material corresponds to the diameter of the second section of the mandrel. The result is a smooth transition from the second section to the wrapped material. Additional heat-curable material is then wrapped about the second section and the previously wrapped material overlapping the shoulder section. The wrapped material is compacted against the mandrel and heated until cured. Upon removal of the compacting forces of the mandrel, the cured material is in the form of a hollow rod having a ferrule for receiving another rod within the region of the second wrapped material.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for determining the ionic analyte activity in liquids, e.g. aqueous solutions, by the use of electrodes and an internal capillary bridge which promotes ionic migration between the electrodes. This device includes an electrically insulative frame in which the electrodes are mounted, liquid access holes aligned with the electrodes on a capillary bridge formed of a porous material, and a cover sheet element formed of a nonporous cover sheet. The cover sheet element extends over the electrodes and encapsulates the elongated capillary bridge. Located in the cover sheet directly over and generally along the capillary bridge is one or more substantially continuous stretch lines typically provided by mechanically deforming the cover sheet. This deformation allows shorter junction times when liquids are introduced into the liquid access holes.

Abstract: First a quantity of reinforcing material is formed into a shaped mass bound together by an inorganic binder. Next, this shaped mass is compounded with a quantity of a molten matrix metal by a pressure casting method. The molten matrix metal includes a quantity of a certain element with a strong tendency to become oxidized, and the inorganic binder includes a metallic oxide which, when brought into contact at high temperature with this certain element, is reduced thereby in an exothermic reaction. Thus, during the pressure casting, extra heat is produced as the certain element reduces the metallic oxide, and this aids good penetration of the matrix metal into the interstices of the reinforcing material. The metal remaining from the oxide is dispersed in the matrix metal.