Abstract: Known containers for the transportation and/or storage of irradiated fuel elements have insertion canisters made of steel or massive bodies of non-ferrous metals. These have a high weight and possess no neutron shielding effect. These disadvantages are avoided by making an insertion canister consisting of graphite.

Abstract: The invention is an aircraft power generation system which includes a tandem generator (10) which includes left and right generators (14, 15) arranged within a single housing (12). The left and right generators (14, 15) are driven at the anti-drive end of the tandem generator (10) by a gear arrangement including gears (22), (24) and (26). A phase indexer (36) including a phase adjust nut (38) is arranged in conjunction with driven gear (26) to provide for "vernier" phase-alignment of the generator rotors. In an alternative embodiment, phase-alignment of the generator rotors is accomplished by arranging them in-line to form an in-line tandem generator (10').In a preferred arrangement, an in-line generator (70) is arranged to be isolated from an aircraft engine via an electromechanical disconnect (108).

Abstract: The invention pertains to a hydroelectric generating system for use with low-head dam and spillway installations. A vessel in the form of a barge contains ballast tanks, pumps and associated structure permitting the vessel to selectively float or to be submerged at a spillway. The vessel contains a plurality of horizontal penstock and draft tube passages extending therethrough each containing a turbine for generating electricity. The vessel is of such configuration as to be floated into the gate of a dam spillway wherein the water flowing therethrough passes through the vessel passages energizing the turbines to generate electricity. Anchor apparatus defined adjacent the spillway and complimentarily shaped abutments defined upon the vessel cooperate to maintain the submerged operative position.

Abstract: Apparatus for converting fluid energy into mechanical energy may include a sail and a mast carried by a pivotally mounted support.The sail is mounted both directly to the mast and indirectly to the mast through a boom, which is pivotally mounted at its center or along its length about the mast, and which is also mounted for tilting movement about a fastening extending perpendicularly to the mast. Positioning means periodically causes the boom to yaw about the mast and to tilt. Opposite edges of the sail thus alternately become taut leading edges with respect to incident wind or water and the sail adopts an oscillating motion which powers mechanical drive means such as pumps. The positioning means may be an over-center spring return or, in an alternative embodiment, be a hydraulic control mechanism.Advantages are that, because the sail remains full, it does not flap during repositioning even when formed of a light flexible material, which reduces inertial problems.

Abstract: A demand controller uses a sensor to detect the operation of an electric load. The sensor operates a relay which supplies power to a magnetic contactor. The magnetic contactor controls power available to a second electric load so that the total amount of power consumed is held below a predetermined maximum. An auxillary switch operates in conjunction with the magnetic contactor to control power available to other loads. A hierarchy is established so that the most important load always has power available, and loads of lesser importance are controlled.

Abstract: A stabilized power source parallel operation system in which the composite output current is maintained at a predetermined level even if a plurality of the parallel power sources are deenergized. Each power source has a voltage comparator, a current converter and a current comparator. The outputs of each of the voltage comparators are interconnected by an inter-power source voltage bus so that each of the current comparators compare the same current.

Abstract: A terminal apparatus and a batch inserting type test plug for a horizontal type case drawer protective relay allows for easy measuring and testing of a plurality of poles. The terminal apparatus has an inspection window on a front surface of upper and lower terminal boards which allows visual observation of a short bar, a stopping board, and a triangular contact on an end of a contact piece in the terminal apparatus which allows one to visually inspect a short-circuit state of a current transformer secondary side of the terminal apparatus. The test plug has a plurality of electrode plates with conduction plates thereon, the electrode plates being arranged in a line so that a width line of the electrode plates interconnecting the conduction plates is perpendicular to the line of the electrode plates so that a length of the test plug handle is compact. Also, a plurality of terminal knobs are arranged in a zigzag pattern so that an arrangement order of the electrode plates can easily be determined visually.

Abstract: An on-chip memory control circuit generates a proper WRITE STROBE signal for a clock synchronized pipe-line operated integrated circuit memory. A symmetrical clock signal having half the frequency of the system clock is produced by applying the system clock to the C input of a standard master slave delay type flip-flop having its Q output fed back to its D input. A negative going pulse train .phi..sub.P comprising a pulse at every transition of the symmetrical clock is generated by a level change detector which issues a pulse of a desired width whenever a level change at its input is detected. A delayed pulse train .phi..sub.PD is produced by delaying .phi..sub.P an amount which depends on the speed of the memory and other design criteria. The pulse drains .phi..sub.P and .phi..sub.PD are applied to an asynchronous flip-flop, the output of which corresponds to the desired WRITE STROBE signal.

Abstract: This invention describes a VMOS-FET, IMPATT diode pulse bias circuit desid to provide a Gallium Arsenide IMPATT diode with a specified operating voltage and current under required conditions to generate an RF pulse.

Abstract: A TTL to high level translator having improved high state current drive includes a push-pull output stage and a lateral PNP transistor for supplying current drive when the translator is in a high state. The output stage consists of a pair of Darlington connected transistors comprising an upper amplifier and a lower transistor amplifier connected in series with the upper amplifier. A current transient suppressor circuit circuit is coupled with the bases of the pair of Darlington connected transistors for inhibiting power supply current spikes as the upper and lower amplifiers are alternately turned on and off in response to the TTL logic signal switching between upper and lower level states.

Abstract: A flexible conductor strip is provided for connecting a pivotally mounted electrical element, such as the armature of a sector motor, to fixed terminals supplying control signals to the electrical element. The conductor strip includes an arcuate segment having end terminations for connection to the electrical element and to the control signal terminals. The arcuate segment is curved into a generally U-shaped configuration, thereby coinciding substantially with the surface of the frustum of an imaginary right circular cone whose axis extends substantially perpendicular to the pivot axis of the electrical element and whose vertex lies substantially on that pivot axis.

Abstract: A bearing cooling mechanism for a vehicular A.C. generator including a rotor having a rotary shaft rotatably mounted to a frame through two opposite bearings comprises a pulley and a cooling fan fixed in overlapped relationship on the rotary shaft at one end protruding from the adjacent bearing and, in addition to holes disposed on both end surfaces of the frame, four ventilating holes extending at equal angular intervals through those portions of the overlapped pulley and cooling fan adjacent to the rotary shaft.

Abstract: Generators which comprise, within a casing, an armature and a permanent-magnet cylinder surrounding said armature, either of these two components serving as a stator with the other as a rotor to rotate in union with a rotary shaft, and which may supply electromotive force from a coil in said armature.Said armature comprises a cross-shaped 4-pole core and a coil; said coil is wound on a bobbin, placed on one of the two straight core components, in parallel with the other core component.The directions of the coil windings in one half of the coil and in the other half are opposite to each other.The above structure is effective for increasing the efficiency of power generation, reducing the size and weight, and cutting down the manufacture cost.

Abstract: Apparatus and system for terminating the winding wires of a dynamoelectric machine (e.g., a fractional horsepower electric motor) is disclosed in which wires (referred to as magnet wires) constituting the coils of the windings of the dynamoelectric machine are terminated in an electrically insulative block fixedly secured to the core of the motor. The magnet wires from the windings of the motor are fitted into respective receptacles of the terminal block and magnet wire terminals are forceably inserted into the receptacles so as to make electrical contact with the magnet wires and so as to securely hold the magnet wires within the terminal block.

Abstract: A high efficiency permanent magnet AC machine comprises a permanent magnet rotor mounted for rotation within a stator excited by alternating current. The rotor is formed of a cylindrical core of unitary laminations into which a squirrel cage winding is embedded. Current is induced in the winding to provide sufficient torque to accelerate the rotor from rest. Magnetic members are secured through the rotor core such that an even number of radial magnetic member segments each extend parallel to a respective quadrature machine axis. The magnetic members each generate magnetic flux which is directed parallel to a respective direct axis and perpendicular to a respective quadrature axis of the machine. As the rotor accelerates to synchronous speed, rotor flux interacts with stator flux causing the rotor to synchronize with the rotating stator field, thus allowing the machine to achieve synchronous machine performance.

Abstract: A coil for use in a coreless motor comprises a flat disc shaped portion in which a coil wire extends between two peripheral points which are spaced 180.degree., coil turns of the coil being successively displaced in a peripheral direction, and a cylindrical portion in which the wire is disposed to interconnect portions thereof at the peripheral edge.The coil is manufactured by a winding machine having a winding head including a first disc and a freely rotatable second disc. The second disc has a diameter slightly larger than that of the first disc and acts as a guide. Each turn of the coil is wound across the upper surface of the winding head and about the same for about 180.degree.. Adjacent turns are successively displaced a little in the peripheral direction. After winding, the coil is shaped into a cup shaped configuration.

Abstract: An eddy current coupling (11) includes a housing (13, 15, 17), a rotor (29), an inductor drum means (25), coil means (41) for electro-magnetically coupling the rotor member and the inductor drum means and a slip ring assembly (45) for energizing the coil. The slip ring assembly includes a first support member (55) connected to the rotor member for rotation therewith, slip ring means (47, 49) for energizing the coil means supported by the first support member, a second support member (56) and brush means (51, 53) supported by the second support member. The first and second support members define a sealed chamber (80) in which the slip ring means and brush means are located. A passageway means (92) is provided from the sealed chamber for directing wear debris generated by the contact between the brush means and slip ring means from the sealed chamber. An impeller (98) is provided for impelling the debris through the passageway means and from the chamber.

Abstract: A thickness shear quartz crystal oscillator has two major surfaces which extend in the direction the of X axis of the crystal and which are 5mm to 10mm long. X-Z plane defined by the X axis and Z axis of the crystal is rotated about the X axis by 35.degree.08' to 35.degree.16' so that the major surfaces are parallel to an X-Z' plane defined by the X axis and an imaginary Z' axis inclined to the Z axis at 35.degree.08' to 35.degree.16'. One of the major surfaces is displaced in the direction of the Z' axis to thereby cause the side faces of the oscillator to incline at an angle of 4.degree. to 6.degree..

Abstract: A spark plug having center and ground electrodes. One of the electrodes is covered with an insulator, a part of which includes outer and inner insulating layers. The outer insulating layer is formed of a heat-resistant and high voltage-resistant material. The inner insulating layer is formed of a material having a high dielectric constant and interposed between the outer insulating layer and the portion of the one electrode which is directed toward the other electrode.

Abstract: An atomic spectral lamp of the type comprising a predominantly glass envelope in which are disposed spaced electrodes for producing an electrical discharge on application of a suitable potential difference thereto and a substance which, on being heated will yield a vapor of an element capable of emitting the resonance line or lines which characterize the lamp. In normal operation of the lamp, there exists between the anode and the cathode a temperature gradient effective to ensure that the vapor pressure of the elemental vapor adjacent the cathode is small relative to the vapor pressure of the elemental vapor in the vicinity of said substance. In another aspect, heating means is provided for heating the substance independently of the discharge to yield the elemental vapor within the envelope.

Abstract: The specification discloses a capacitive ballast for operating a gas discharge lamp from a conventional low frequency power source. The effective restart voltage during each cycle is enhanced by a trigger capacitor or pulse transformer which functions to produce a short duration reignition current. Properly timed, the reduced lamp voltage caused by the injection of the reignition current will be approximately equal to the difference between the instantaneous potential of the power source at the time of reignition and the instantaneous magnitude of the voltage across the ballast capacitor. The proper magnitude of lamp current is thus re-established during each half cycle and thereafter sustained at a value which equals the rate of change of voltage across the ballast capacitor.

Abstract: A transducer for generating a feedback signal representative of the position of a movable member includes a signal generating mechanism for providing an electrical feedback signal representative of the position of the movable member. The signal generating mechanism includes a first shaft portion having a first longitudinal centerline and a drive mechanism having a shaft member coupled in driving engagement to the first shaft portion. The drive mechanism is adapted to be cable connected to one of a plurality of movable members having maximum travel spans different one from the other. The shaft member has a shaft longitudinal centerline which is concentric with the first centerline, the centerlines defining a first axis. An alignment mechanism is coupled to the drive mechanism and the signal generating mechanism and permits limited movement of the first axis with respect to a reference axis. The alignment mechanism thereby isolates the signal generating mechanism from misalignment reaction forces.

Abstract: Power window control apparatus for a motor vehicle window includes a motor actuatable to drive the window toward a predetermined position, an operator controlled actuator effective only during actuation to actuate the motor, a further actuator effective upon actuation of the operator controlled actuator for a time intermediate first and second predetermined time periods to maintain actuation of the motor after deactivation of the operator controlled actuator and an automatic deactivator effective to stop the motor and deactivate the further actuator when the window reaches the predetermined position. The window thus moves under operator control for very short or long movements but can be set to move under automatic control by actuation of the single operator control for a specified intermediate time duration.

Abstract: A control arrangement for a static converter of the type which supplies a DC machine. A pilot signal is produced, the pilot signal being responsive to the actual speed value and the desired current value of the DC machine. The pilot signal is then combined with a control signal of the converter so as to improve the dynamic characteristic of the control arrangement.

Abstract: A well pump control system is disclosed for utilization with a conventional well pump having a stationary member and a reciprocating member. The reciprocating member operates a down-hole pump and is attached to a rocking beam. The rocking beam is driven by an electric motor through a counterbalanced crank. The position of the counterbalanced crank and the speed of the electric motor are utilized to operate a reduced voltage starter which acts to control the voltage applied to the electric motor. In this manner, voltage may be selectively and gradually applied to and removed from the electric motor at selected points during the pump cycle to both minimize power consumption and increase slip during heavy loading, by allowing the momentum of the crank to operate the reciprocating member during at least a portion of each cycle of the pump.

Abstract: A windshield wiper control device for use on a vehicle includes a light-emitting unit mounted on the vehicle outside of a compartment for emitting a ray of infrared radiation, a photodetector unit mounted on the vehicle within the compartment and having a slit plate for producing an image of a striped pattern with bright and dark areas in response to exposure to the ray of electromagnetic radiation through the windshield and an array of photodetectors for sensing the bright and dark areas of the striped image and generating signals indicative of the bright and dark areas, and an arithmetic circuit arrangement for computing a contrast of the bright and dark areas based on the signals from the photodetectors and controlling the speed and/or period of operation of the windshield wiper based on the computed contrast.

Abstract: Positioning of a movable body can be achieved at a high resolution by making use of two position signals generated by a position detector, whose magnitudes are sinusoidal functions having different phases of the position of the movable body. On the basis of the two sinusoidal position signals, two bi-level digital position signals having different phase from each other are derived, and digital control for movement of the movable body is effected by making use of these two bi-level digital position signals until the movable body is brought into the proximity of a desired position. Thereafter, control is switched from the digital control to analog control for movement of the movable body, in which a position signal whose manitude is a sinusoidal function of the position of the movable body and has a zero-cross point at the desired position is used as a reference position signal.

Abstract: An exciting circuit for a stepper motor requiring only a single decoder device yet being capable of controlling the speed of the stepper motor using plural different modes of excitation. A memory stores digital data representing a predetermined sequence of activation of the exciting coils. A counter drives the address input port of the memory in accordance with its output count. A clock signal generator supplies clock pulses to the counter in one of two patterns, representative of high and low speeds. The first of the patterns contains clock pulses spaced at equal intervals with a frequency such that the stepper motor can follow the corresponding changes in activation of the exciting coils of the motor. In the second pattern, the clock signals are supplied in bursts, the internal frequency of which is higher than the stepper motor can follow. In this latter case, portions of the normal excitation sequence are effectively omitted, thereby driving the motor at a different speed.

Abstract: A single phase alternating current electric motor is provided with a main stator winding having two coil groups each including the series connection of three coils. These coil groups can be connected in series for six pole operation and in parallel for four pole operation. The coils are approximately equally spaced around the periphery of the machine but are not of equal numbers of turns. The two coil groups are identically wound and spaced 180 mechanical degrees apart. One coil of each group has more turns and a greater span than the other two coils.

Abstract: A microprocessor controlled motor starter is utilized in which an operator can preprogram within limits the number of starts which a motor can be subjected to in a programmed period of time to thus prevent destruction of the motor by accumulated overheating. Significantly more heat is generated during a start of a motor than during the run mode. The foregoing is accomplished by utilizing memory locations in which accumulated times from a first start are sequentially stored in order. If the time found in the latest memory location is larger than the predetermined maximum allowable time then the start is allowed to take place. If it is less than that time then the start is prevented from taking place and a readout alerts the operator as to how much time must expire before the next allowable start may take place.

Abstract: A variable speed induction motor drive system operating at a leading power factor. A prescribed reactive power is coupled to the motor's rotor, to permit line commutation of an inverter supplying the motor's stator, and to permit the inverter to be supplied by a substantially constant dc link voltage.

Abstract: A battery charger can charge a battery from a primary power source having a peak voltage exceeding the maximum battery voltage independently producible by the battery. The charger has output terminals, a switch and a feedback circuit. The output terminals are adapted for connection to the battery. The switch can periodically couple the primary power source to the output terminals to raise their voltage above the maximum battery voltage. The feedback device is responsive to the charging occuring at the terminals for limiting the current thereto by varying the duty cycle of the switch.

Abstract: A constant-current source transistor, which exhibits a constant-current characteristic corresponding to the power source voltage of a sensor and is connected to an input signal terminal of an input circuit, such as a microprocessor. A first transistor is connected so that it may supply a current from the power source of the input circuit to the constant-current source transistor, and a second transistor is connected in parallel to the constant-current source transistor. When the signal level at the input signal terminal exceeds a predetermined value, the second transistor is turned ON to effect level control so the input signal level may not become excessively high and damage the input circuit.

Abstract: For protection of an output switching transistor used in a pulse signal output circuit, the present invention provides a first detector for detecting over-current flowing through the output switching element, a second detection circuit for producing a detection signal in response to detection of over-current by the first detector in excess of a predetermined rate, and a protection circuit protecting the output switching element by suppressing the current flowing therethrough in response to the detection signal. The protection circuit may suppress the current flowing through the output switching element by both the output of the over-current detector and the detection signal.

Abstract: A power supply device for use in a superminiature tape recorder is disclosed. The device comprises a reference voltage generator circuit for generating an output therefrom in response to a reference voltage, a constant-current circuit for generating a constant current to obtain the reference voltage, a starting circuit for supplying a starting current to the constant current circuit and for branching a part of the starting current, and an electronic switch for causing flow of starting current therein so as to turn the constant-current circuit OFF.

Abstract: A circuit for providing the gate of a bubble memory with a precision current pulse at a high voltage is manufactured using a low voltage process; i.e. BV.sub.ceo is approximately 18 volts. In order to accomplish this, first and second voltage level shifting stages are cascoded and the output transistors thereof are used as Zener level shifters each level shifting downward by a BV.sub.ceo when only a small voltage is dropped across the load. If the voltage drop across the load increases, the cascoded output transistors may enter their active region and are prevented from going into saturation by saturation clamps so as to not introduce unwanted delays in the rise or fall times of the current pulse.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for monitoring the flatness characteristic of a moving electrically conducting strip of material by continuously measuring the change in capacitance between the strip surface and a fixed point adjacent the surface. The capacitance is measured by means of a sensor having an active plate surrounded by a guard plate for eliminating stray capacitance, both plates being impressed with a high frequency signal. Changes in capacitance associated with both plates are eliminated while changes in capacitance associated with only the active plate are covered to a voltage proportional to the inverse of the spacing between the active plate and the strip surface. A plurality of the sensors may be spaced across the width of the plate for providing a profile of the strip flatness characteristics. The sensor finds particular application for monitoring and characterizing bottom buckles in steel strip following high temperature annealing.

Abstract: LSI circuitry conforming to LSSD rules and techniques usually requires at least a small portion of circuitry used only for check and test purposes.The disclosed circuitry meets the LSSD design rules and techniques and considerably reduces the test circuit overhead. The disclosure modifies the known shift register latch (SRL) strategy by logically removing the master latches from the slave latches and by providing the slave latches with multiple shift inputs, e.g., two shift inputs (FIG. 2). The LSSD shifting philosophy remains unchanged to the extent that at the time of shifting, the virtual (not available slave latch) becomes real (physical) by assigning the only physical slave latch to the respective master latch. The present disclosure provides for multiple master latches to be dynamically assigned to one slave latch during shifting. This is in contrast to the known SRL chain approach requiring one slave latch for each master latch.

Abstract: A waveform measurement system includes a feature in which a readout of an absolute ground-reference voltage at a particular selectable time point along a waveform is provided. A ground reference potential is sampled and stored, and the instantaneous voltage value of the waveform at the time point is arithmetically combined with the reference potential to provide the measurement. Intensified dots, as well as horizontal volts cursors, are generated and displayed on the waveform at the ground reference and selected instantaneous voltage value positions.

Abstract: A continuity testing fixture for simultaneously probing of microelectronic chip site pads having a cluster of probe pins extending from a top plate in the same precise orientation as the pads. The probe pins are individually urged into compliance by a resilient pad disposed beneath the pins forcing a sharp end into contiguous engagement allowing an external signal to determine continuity of the workpiece. Individual insulated wires are attached to each probe on one end and are encompassed within a cavity in the body terminating at a connector near the edge of the fixture for linking to the remote test source. In another embodiment, the probe pins are hollow and contain an insulated wire allowing an independent signal to be introduced by way of the connector through the pads indicating both compliance of the probe and continuity of the workpiece simultaneously and independently.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for imaging of structural characteristics in test objects using radiation amenable to coherent signal processing methods. Frequency and phase multiplication of received flaw signals is used to simulate a test wavelength at least one to two orders of magnitude smaller than the actual wavelength. The apparent reduction in wavelength between the illumination and recording radiation performs a frequency translation hologram. The hologram constructed with a high synthetic frequency and flaw phase multiplication is similar to a conventional acoustic hologram construction at the high frequency.

Abstract: The digital demodulation of frequency modulated signals produces a pulse duration modulated signal proportional to the analog modulation signal component of the FM input signal from the FM input signal and a delayed version thereof and the pulse duration modulated signal is then converted to a digital signal representative of the analog modulation signal component of the FM signal by a delta sigma modulator and a decimator which also provides equalization of the FM signal to remove pre-emphasis applied to the FM signal prior to its transmission.

Abstract: A power amplifier for use in a PWM signal includes a pulse width modulation signal generating circuit proportional to an amplitude of an input signal, an amplitude modulating circuit for amplitude-modulating the pulse width modulating signal in accordance with the level of the input signal and a power amplifying stage driven by the pulse width modulation signal which was amplitude-modulated. The amplitude modulating circuit or modulator is comprised of, by way of example, a pair of level shifting circuits (21) and (22), each being supplied with the input signal, a pair of switching circuits (23) and (24) for switching the respective outputs of these level shifting circuits by the pulse width modulation signal and an adder (25) for adding the outputs from these switching circuits, wherein this adder can produce at its output a pulse width modulation signal which is amplitude-modulated and the power amplifying stage utilizing bipolar transistors can efficiently be driven by this pulse width modulation signal.

Abstract: A system for detecting an abnormal condition of a high frequency output signal in its power level, comprising: a variable gain power amplifier which receives a high frequency input signal and produces an amplified high frequency output signal; a negative feedback control loop connected to the power amplifier, for automatically setting the power level of the amplified high frequency output signal to a desired one of a plurality of predetermined power levels, the negative feedback control loop being so arranged as to produce a DC signal which is constant in its magnitude so far as the power level of the high frequency output signal is maintained at its set value whichever one is selected from the plurality of predetermined power levels, the gain of the power amplifier being controlled on the basis of the DC signal; and a comparator which compares the DC signal with a reference signal to judge as to whether the high frequency output signal is abnormal or not in its power level.

Abstract: An amplifier circuit comprising an amplifier (1) having an input (11) which receives an electric signal comprising an intermittent useful signal component V.sub.U and an undesired spurious component V.sub.D and an input (12) of opposite sign to that of the input (11). The output signal of a circuit (2) for the compensation of the spurious component is applied to amplifier input. The circuit (2) comprises a comparator (20) for comparing the undesired component, taken from the output of the amplifier (1), with a threshold value, a counter (21) which is incremented or decremented depending on the result of the comparisons and in the rhythm of a clock circuit (22), and a digital-to-analog converter (23) coupled to the output of the counter (21) to supply the signal for the compensation of the unwanted component to the input (12).

Abstract: A level shifting circuit capable of operating with a wide range of impedances of a signal source without backflow of current and without a buffer circuit. A feedback element is coupled between an inverting input and an output of an operational amplifier. An output of a current source is connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier while the signal to be level shifted is applied to the non-inverting input thereof. The current source may be a current mirror circuit and a temperature compensating diode may be coupled in series with the feedback element.

Abstract: An improved differential amplifier includes two Darlington transistor pairs (44-45, 46-47) connected to form a Darlington differential amplifier having complementary sides. Two cross-coupling transistors (50, 52) connect thereto for providing complementary positive feedback of gain less than one between the sides. The cross-coupling transistors significantly improve the differential gain and differential input resistance of the Darlington amplifier.

Abstract: A push-pull power amplifier with quiescent current regulator, in particular for low-frequency power amplifiers of high quality in which the quiescent current or currents of the output transistors is or are sampled at a predetermined output voltage and/or in a predetermined output voltage range of the amplifier, their values coded in one or more comparators and in one or more storage elements the corresponding values with which the desired values of the quiescent current or currents can be corrected or held are stored.

Abstract: An amplifier with substantially no distortion is provided, the amplifier having input and output terminals and an amplification means for amplifying an input signal applied to the amplification means. A distortion detection circuit is provided for detecting distortion generated in the amplification means in accordance with the input and output signals of the amplification means. The output of the distortion detection circuit is applied to an addition circuit where the output of the distortion detection circuit is added to an input signal applied to the input terminal of the amplifier. The added signal is then supplied as the input signal of the amplification means for the cancellation of distortion generated in the amplification means.

Abstract: A transistor circuit is formed of at least two unit transistors. Each unit transistor includes an NPN bipolar transistor and a PN junction diode. The P region (anode) of the PN junction diode is connected to the P region (base) of the NPN transistor. The N region (cathode) of the PN junction diode is connected directly or indirectly to the N region (emitter) of the NPN transistor. One of the unit transistors is so connected to the other unit transistor as to form a Darlington circuit.