Abstract: A chrysanthemum cultivar named Remarkable, identified by the combined characteristics of flat capitulum form, decorative capitulum type, orange-red floret color, diameter across face of capitulum up to 50 mm., short plant height, semi-spreading branching pattern, average natural season flowering date of September 20, and average flowering response period of seven weeks in photoperiodic controlled short day programs with excellent adaptability and performance in April - May pot mum flowerings.

Abstract: A bottle cap is disclosed having a tear tab cooperating with score lines extending across the top of the cap for manual removal of the cap from a bottle. The score lines are located slightly spaced from the peripheral edge of the top of the cap and arranged at least partly around the periphery of the cap. This arrangement of the score lines serves to obtain an easy removal of the cap from the bottle after the tearing operation and is moreover in combination with the sealing element effectively preventing any risk for corrosion along the score lines.

Abstract: A meter, counter, printer or a like device wherein a shaft carries one or more wheels whose angular position with respect to the shaft must be changed, either at regular or irregular intervals. The peripheral surface of the shaft has an elongated recess which is parallel to the axis of the shaft. The inner portion of the recess receives an elongated elastic cushion, and the outer portion of the recess confines the major portion of a helical spring with spaced-apart convolutions. The smaller portion of the spring extends into a selected socket in the internal surface of a wheel or into selected sockets in the internal surface of two or more wheels which surround the shaft.

Abstract: A metal halogen cell, especially a zinc-bromine cell, employs a circulating electrolyte system containing a complexing agent to effectively remove cathodic halogen from the electrolyte during charging of the cell. The complexing agent is one which in the presence of halogen forms a water insoluble halogen complex. This separated and stored source of cathodic halogen can be returned to the cell during cell discharge.

Abstract: A horological instrument includes a liquid crystal electro-optical display which simulates the movement of hands about a center by activating circumferentially spaced radial conductive segments. Generally, for the liquid crystal material between two corresponding segments to be activated an electrical potential must be applied between the segments which is, typically to achieve full brightness, substantially greater than the activation voltage of the liquid crystal material. The present invention effects activation of a selected segment-hand by applying an electrical potential, predetermined greater than the activation voltage, between the selected segment-hand and a corresponding segment or electrode.

Abstract: A protective pad assembly usable primarily by athletes to protect body parts from injury, especially from traumatic shock as when struck by a high speed hockey puck. The pad assembly includes a relatively rigid outer shell or shield and an inner air entrained cushion releasably attached to the outer shell and closely conformable to the body part being protected. The cushion includes a flexible, shock absorbent pad covered by a flexible air impervious case. The pad is formed of a soft, springy material which expels air upon compression, such as polyurethane foam. Small openings in the case are provided for expulsion of air from the case upon deflection of the pad as under the influence of the force of impact of an external object. The amount and rate at which air is expelled from the case influences the resiliency and shock absorbency characteristics of the cushion.

Abstract: The invention comprises a bio-compatible composition suitable for constructing surgical articles for the repair or replacement of a part of the body of a human or non-human animal, e.g., ligaments, tendons, bones, comprising a composite of a bio-absorbable polymer and at least one substrate of a plurality of carbon fibers.The invention also includes surgical articles fabricated from the composites for the repair of damaged tissue, e.g., tendons, ligaments and bones.The invention includes a method for the formation of the aforesaid composite comprising providing a substrate of the carbon fibers and providing the substrate with a continuous coating of a bio-absorbable polymer.The invention also includes the surgical repair of a damaged body part such as a ligament, tendon or bone comprising surgically affixing to the damaged part the surgical article, the bio-absorbable polymer being absorbed by the body upon formation of the new tissue.

Abstract: A toric intraocular lens is provided to eliminate or substantially reduce the expected postoperative astigmatism induced by eye surgery. The lens is constructed such that the finally placed vertical meridian is optically weaker than the horizontal meridian. The lens is constructed to ensure that the vertical meridian will be properly aligned when placed in the eye, such as by disposing the haptics along the vertical meridian.

Abstract: A bifocal intraocular lens consisting of an inner and outer transparent wall defining a centrally located refractive chamber, in the line of sight, and in fluid communication with a vertically positioned reservoir chamber, out of the line of sight, wherein vent tubes connect the remote edge of the refractive chamber to the vertically positioned reservoir chamber. Such an intraocular lens is highly responsive to changes in the angle of inclination of sight by rapidly transferring a liquid of predetermined refractive index in and out of the refractive chamber, thus creating the bifocal effect.

Abstract: This invention provides a dispensing device for toilet tank. It dispenses a liquid cleanser substantially in a predetermined quantity during each flushing cycle. The dispensing device comprises a float and a container disposed adjacently under the float for holding the cleanser; a dispensing member fitted in the outlet of the container, which includes vertical and transverse passage defining tortuous passages for discharging a substantially measured liquid cleanser when the dispensing device is automatically pivoting to an inverted position relative to its normally mounting position caused by a decrease of buoyance in a flushing cycle, and will restore to the normally mounting position when the water level rises again.

Abstract: A railing for a spa or the like is disclosed. In one embodiment, there is a tubular railing having an upwardly extending portion leading from an inlet, a downwardly extending portion leading to an outlet, and a cross portion connecting the upper ends of the upwardly and downwardly extending portions. The railing has an outer decorative tube and an inner insulating tube. The insulating tube is formed so as to permit the passage of air through the railing from the inlet to the outlet end. The railing provides a Hartford loop to protecting an air pump from the backflow of water from a spa, while at the same time hiding the connection between the pump and spa. The railing is also specially designed such that the grip portion of the railing does not become unacceptably hot due to air pumped through the railing.

Abstract: A shampoo and scalp treatment basin in rectangular closed box-like form in the portable state and with the removed top connected to the head receiving end of the basin box and acting as a sloped back rest support for the person receiving a hair shampoo and scalp treatment. There is a half moon cut out at the top of the end wall of the head receiving end of the basin box to accommodate the neck of the user. The basin box top when serving as a back rest is connected to the front end wall of the basin box by hook connectors mounted in wall openings and engaging straps mounted on the back rest top. The basin box has screw head openings toward the top of each of the two sides and in the rear wall of the basin box for support attachment to a wall with wall mounted screws when used in a mounted state rather than on a bed, floor, treatment table or chair. A drain hose from the basin can run to a bathtub, commode or pail (whatever is handy).

Abstract: An improved portable shower and bath mat including a non-absorbent mat having a non-slip bottom surface and having a channeled bottom surface and a plurality of drain holes through said pad to permit water to drain through said pad to the channels in the bottom surface of said pad and into the shower or bath drain.

Abstract: Structural assembly, more particularly for a shower partition, comprising a door support in the form of a profiled rail having, in an outer face thereof, a first channel, of which one side flange forms a groove, and a facing panel mounted in this first channel. The facing panel is held in the first channel by a connecting element fitting in the groove. Existing arrangements of this type are relatively wide, of correspondingly large structural volume, and of high material costs. In order to obtain a structurally simple and inexpensive connection between the facing panel and the profiled rail, it is proposed that the panel be provided with a longitudinal second channel which opens towards the groove of the first channel. The connecting element engages partly in the second channel and partly in the groove.

Abstract: An attachment (10) mounted on underside (16) of a toilet (14) lid (12) has a covering end (18) dimensioned and configured to extend over a flushing handle (20) of the toilet (14). The attachment (10) serves as a guard to prevent the toilet (14) from being flushed without lowering lid (12) to rest on seat (22). A hazard to small children from an open toilet bowl of the toilet (14) is therefore eliminated.

Abstract: A support cushion adapted to be located on a sitting material for gently supporting a person comprises a central section having a flat back portion and a front portion, and two bolsters foldably connected to the vertical side edges of the back portion of the central section. Two slits are respectively formed at the bottom between each bolster and the central section. The central section includes a lower part and an upper part thinner than the lower part so that the front portion gradually rearwardly extends from the lower part toward the upper part thereof.

Abstract: A sofa bed combination is shown of the type adapted to be mounted in the interior of an automotive van. The sofa bed includes a front cushion, a rear cushion and an intermediate cushion. The sofa bed cushions are pivotally mounted on a rigid frame which is affixed to the van interior. The linkage means allows the intermediate cushion to be pivoted between an upright position which forms a seat back with respect to the front cushion and a folded down position which is in the same horizontal plane as the front and rear cushions to form a bed.

Abstract: A recreational towel type device specifically designed for absorbing moisture and use as a ground or furnishing cover, capable of being secured to the covered surface and further being capable securing other objects is provided.

Abstract: A ventilator for a beehive having a longitudinally extending vent passage therein open at at least one end, a base adapted to be mounted on the cover of the beehive and having at least one vent opening communicating with the interior of the beehive and a control for opening and adjusting the vent opening.

Abstract: A handtool has major and minor body members pivoted to each other, each member having a handle portion and a jaw. The major body member has two blade implements pivotably mounted on an inside edge region of the handle portion, facing the handle portion of the minor body member, and a marlinspike similarly mounted on its outside edge region, the blade implements and spike being rotatable between rest positions in which they are received at least in part in recesses of the handle portion, and working positions in which they extend rearwardly from the body member, away from the jaws. The handle of the minor body member stands outwardly of the blade elements when these are in their rest positions and the tool is in a closed configuration, and the spike has a gripping surface of its outer face. Detent means are provided to retain the implements in their working positions.

Abstract: A last or shoe tree of the type comprising a first half-last and a second half-last, a resilient element for retaining said two half-lasts at closed spaced relationship, and a mechanism for determining the aperture of the two half-lasts, the last or shoe tree being essentially characterized by providing a device including a plate connected at a first location to said first half-last and connectable to said second half-last at locations differently spaced apart from said first location, so as to cause upon operation of said mechanism, (a) the aperture of said two half-lasts only at the toes, (b) parallel aperture of the two half-lasts, and (c) aperture of the two half-lasts at the zone opposite to the toe.

Abstract: A hand-holdable apparatus is provided for polishing and buffing shoes. The apparatus is comprised of a housing, the upper side of which is provided with a handle, and the lower side of which is provided with a channel through which the spindle of a rotary brush or buffing wheel may be inserted for releasable engagement. The housing encloses an electric motor and gear mechanism for driving said spindle. A releasing mechanism operable from a site adjacent the handle effects removal of the spindle when a change of the brush or buffing wheel is desired.

Abstract: A back scrubber formed of terry cloth comprises a generally wider central scrubber section from which transverse open-ended pleats extend alternatingly from opposite sides; elongated hand grasp members extend from opposite ends of the central scrubber section and are also formed of terry cloth. The open-ended pleats receive air on their interior so as to be easily dried and avoid mildew. Both the hand grasp members and the central scrubber section are formed of a folded over and stitched double thickness cloth construction.

Abstract: A base of the apparatus is upwardly spaced from the chimney end and supports an electric motor and reduction drive for powering a drum on which a cable is entrained. A chimney cleaning brush is mounted on a pole structure suspended from the base with vertical movement imparted to the brush by said cable. The pole structure is segmented and carries a drum at its lower end about which the cable is reversed. The pole structure is stabilized by a cross-member in abutment with the chimney walls. A motor control circuit includes switch components regulating the direction and duration of motor operation.

Abstract: A windscreen wiper drive linkage has a wiper blade mounted on the end of a blade arm by means of a pivotal connector allowing shifting of the position of the blade relative to the end of the arm in a radial direction relative to the center of rotation of the arm. Such radial shifting of the blade is actuated by a second arm pivoted at one end of the blade-carrying connector and at the other end to an actuating crank which is driven by a pivotal arm linkage from a drive crank to the main blade arm. As the drive crank rotates in a to-and-fro manner the linkage, comprising two reversing links pivotally attached to an idler, drives the actuating crank for rotation to displace the blade radially relative to the center of rotation of the blade arm.

Abstract: A floor care appliance having a main housing with a handle extending from an upper portion thereof, and having a motor blower assembly affixed thereto with an inlet tube extending from a lower portion thereof. The main housing is fashioned with a rearwardly open cavity portion for receiving a filter arrangement including a paper filter bag having connection to an outlet tube of the motor blower assembly, and a second stage of filtration implemented by an air permeable closure covering the rearwardly open cavity portion. A floor unit carries a brush actuated by a reversible motor, a dry chemical carpet cleaning powder receptacle and dispensing arrangement for selectively dispensing the powder adjacent the brush, and a plenum chamber extending from adjacent the brush to a swivel having an outlet tube connected and affixed to the inlet tube of the motor blower assembly. A switch assembly is carried by a cover for the main housing and provides for operator selection of one of several modes of operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method, as well as to a system for carrying out said method, for dehairing slaughtered livestock. A carcass following a warm water treatment is roughly dehaired by means of beating and scraping tools while simultaneously being rotated around its longitudinal axis. Then fine hairs are removed using burner means while still rotating the carcass. A special feature of the invention involves the removal of fine hairs over the whole length of the carcass using burners acting on various zones of the carcass with differences in operating time and/or intensity. In the system according to the invention, differential burner action may be achieved using pivotable burners or reciprocating burners. Alternatively, differential burner action may be achieved using fixed burners having different flame intensities or operating times.

Abstract: A casing sizing means which comprises a plurality of petal like sizing members arranged about a central hub to form generally the shape of a truncated cone. The sizing members are normally biased towards an outward or expanded position against the inner surface of the casing. As casing moves over these members during stuffing, the contacting sizing members are pulled upright to a casing stretching position and against a stop which prevents the members from moving beyond a predetermined casing sizing position.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for controlled application of aeromechanical and electrodynamic release and separation forces to foreign particulate matter in fiber materials are disclosed. A number of elements are employed in various combinations. One important element is a perforated, pinned cylinder which facilitates foreign particulate matter removal and microdust classification and use of conditioned and controlled airflow for optimum fiber processing and foreign matter removal. Another important element is a counterflow slot. Other important aspects are air blast cleaning of a tenuous mat held onto a perforated cylinder; unidirectional and pulsating airflows to cause repeated engagement of fibers with static cleaning pins and to release additional dust; application of electrostatic release forces to particles bound onto the fiber; and the processing of fiber in properly conditioned inlet air to the machine, as opposed to ambient air.

Abstract: A draw frame of a sliver-drafting apparatus has three cascaded roller pairs whose lower rollers are driven by respective motors at speeds determined by associated frequency dividers and/or multipliers in the output of a common oscillator of adjustable operating frequency. The slivers drafted by the roller pairs form, after doubling or plying, a fiber bundle traversing a thickness sensor whose output, integrated over predetermined time periods, is used by a microcomputer to ascertain optimum nip-line spacings and contact pressures reducing the thickness variations to a minimum.

Abstract: A load binder having a shortened handle with means to receive and interlock with a separate extension member, which is also adaptable to release the load binder.

Abstract: A tack member, which is adapted to be joined with a button body for attachment of a button to a garment fabric, has a shank of a hollow and solid combined structure. The shank is composed of a tapering hollow end portion and a solid base portion. The hollow end portion is deformable into a balloon-like shape, radially swelled and axially compressed, as its tip end is forced against a cap of the button body on its inner side during insertion of the shank into a hollow hub of the button body, during which time the solid base portion opposes bending or other deformation.

Abstract: A pull tab connector for slide fastener sliders comprises a closed loop formed of a piece of resilient wire and having a pair of stems projecting from the loop, the stems being juxtaposed and overlying each other. The stems are aligned with each other in a plane perpendicular to the general plane of the loop. In use, the stems of the loop are angularly moved about one another until they are aligned with each other in the general plane of the loop. Then the stems are inserted in an axial hole in a pull tab, while a pair of bottom portions of the loop are received in a transverse recess in the pull tab which recess communicates with the axial hole.

Abstract: A process is provided for mechanically surface-finishing a textile fabric which comprises continuously feeding said fabric from a source of supply, such that said fabric lies in a single plane, subjecting successive adjacent sections of the fabric to intermittent mechanical impact with an abrasive means across the width of said fabric thereby avoiding substantial sustained contact between the fabric and the abrasive means, the mechanical impact being at a force and frequency sufficient to cause a substantially uniform modification of the surface characteristics of the fabric. Textile fabrics with modified surface which may be made by the above process are also provided. Apparatus for mechanically surface-finishing a textile fabric according to the aforedescribed process is further provided.

Abstract: Method for forming scroll members comprising an end plate having an involute wrap rigidly affixed thereto. The end plate and involute wrap are precision formed, e.g., by casting, either as an integral element or as two separate elements and then the scroll member is broached to the desired dimensional accuracy and finish. Push broaching is accomplished with an involute broaching tool which has a single terminating cutting edge on one or both sides of an involute blade cutter.

Abstract: Liquid level measuring capacitors, each having two vertically disposed generally polygonal plates, are made by preparing a provisional assembly including a first electrode plate having plural holes and a baffleplate shape. A second electrode plate opposite to the first electrode has plural holes corresponding to the first electrode plate holes. A one-piece dielectric spacer network inserted between the plates includes plural annular spacers arranged correspondingly to the holes of the plates. The spacer has zigzag connecting bars to breakably connect a number of the spacers to one another by relatively weak joints with a generally arc-like part of the outer periphery of each spacer. A fastener is inserted in the center hole of each spacer through aligned holes of plates. Each fastener is fixed to the plates. The end portions of the connecting bars are pulled to break and separate spacers.

Abstract: A pallet receiver for a machine tool is disclosed utilizing a pin and socket for registration and alignment. A pallet clamp piston is employed to clamp the pallet to the receiver base for subsequent machining operations. A registration pin is rigidly secured to the receiver base, and a cooperating pin socket is mounted to the pallet underface by means of a compliant diaphragm spring so that as the socket and pin are engaged during the first portion of clamp piston movement the pallet will be registered and aligned with respect to the receiver base, and during the second and final portion of piston movement the axially compliant pin socket will permit the pallet to engage a rigid clamp down surface on the receiver base, thus insuring a positive final resting position for the pallet on the receiver base.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing hollow flow profiles having optimum aerodynamic configurations in conformance with a commensurate application, about the respective outer skin of which there flows a first work medium during operation, such as hot gas, whereas ducts which are arranged within the interior of the flow profiles are concurrently streamed through by a second work medium, such as compressed air. The method of the present invention employs suitable deformation techniques (drawing, circular swaging or rolling) at preselected locations to particularly produce web-like aggregations of material. When appropriate materials are used for this purpose, contoured profiles of that type can also be formed through extruding. The webs, depending upon the demands of preceding or successive process steps, can be formed externally, internally or on both sides of the conduit material.

Abstract: A saw chain rivet spinner includes a base, a support portion secured to and extending upwardly from the base and a spindle sleeve secured to the support portion and spaced above the base. A rotatable spindle, which has an upper end and a lower end defining a generally vertical axis of rotation for the spindle, is slideably mounted with respect to the spindle sleeve for axial movement relative to the spindle sleeve. A spring mounted between the spindle and the spindle sleeve urges the spindle axially upwardly toward a first raised position. A manually actuated cam mounted with respect to the spindle and spindle sleeve is operable selectively to move the spindle axially downwardly toward a second lowered position wherein the lower end of the spindle is proximate the base.

Abstract: A tool holder conformed to receive connector insertion and extraction tools for use when assembling or disassembling multipin connectors comprises a hollow handle provided with a lateral cavity conformed to receive the grasping portion of the tool. The handle is formed of a resilient material structure, like Nylon, and is provided at the end thereof with a circular end opening communicating with the lateral cavity. To facilitate the receipt of the tool in the tool holder one holder surface over the cavity is cut away providing a lateral gap in the end opening which is of a smaller dimension than the corresponding dimension of the inserted tool. Thus the tool is snapped into the cavity and opening and is retained therein by the resilient action of the remaining holder structure.

Abstract: Apparatus for seating resilient fingers of a poultry feather picking machine has a housing 30 in which a sleeve 54 is reciprocally mounted that carries collet camming means 55. A collet 57 is slidably mounted in the sleeve 54 which has an annular array of resilient collet fingers 59. Pressurized fluid drive means are provided for moving the sleeve within the housing.

Abstract: A process for forming reliable contacts in a VLSI device wherein, after the source and drain regions have been formed, the contact openings are formed and the source and drain regions redoped. A heat treatment step anneals surface damage and causes lateral migration of the implanted ions to preclude the contact from forming a short circuit between the doped region and the substrate exposed as a result of any misalignment of the contact openings. As an added benefit, the process also prevents the contact from "spiking" through the doped region to the underlying substrate.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, comprising the steps of selectively oxidizing a surface of a semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type so as to form a field oxide film, selectively forming an impurity region of a second conductivity type in an element region isolated by the field oxide film, forming a polycrystalline silicon pattern containing an impurity of the first conductivity type on a surface including at least part of the impurity region and the field oxide film, and diffusing the impurity of the first conductivity type from the polycrystalline silicon pattern into the impurity region so as to form another impurity region of the first conductivity type contiguous with the field oxide film, wherein a thickness t of the field oxide film and a concentration n of the impurity of the first conductivity type in the polycrystalline silicon pattern have the following relation:t (.mu.m).ltoreq.-0.117.times.10.sup.-20 (.mu.m.multidot.cm.sup.3).multidot.n(cm.sup.-3)+1.42 (.mu.m)for 1.

Abstract: Base resistance in an integrated injection logic cell is reduced by providing a low resistance conductive path over the device cell and contacting the base regions of vertical transistors in the cell. In fabricating the I.sup.2 L cell a first intrinsic polysilicon layer is formed over the surface of the device cell, and N-type dopant is diffused through the polysilicon layer to form the N+ collectors of the NPN vertical transistors. Silicon oxide is formed over the doped polysilicon and the undoped intrinsic polysilicon is then removed. Exposed edge portions of the N doped polysilicon is then oxidized to completely insulate the surface of the polysilicon. A second layer of intrinsic polysilicon is then formed over the device cell and P type dopant is diffused through the second polysilicon layer to form the emitter and collector of a lateral PNP transistor and to contact the base regions of the NPN vertical transistors between the N+ collectors.

Abstract: A semiconductor device fabrication process is provided wherein a first window is formed in a first silicon dioxide layer which is disposed over the surface of a silicon layer to expose a first portion of the silicon layer. A doped region is formed in the first portion of a silicon layer exposed by the first window. A second layer of silicon dioxide is deposited over the surface of the first, previously formed, silicon dioxide layer and over the first portion of the silicon layer exposed by the first window. A second window is formed through the first and second silicon dioxide layers to expose a second, different portion of the surface of the silicon layer. A layer of silicon nitride is disposed over the second layer of silicon dioxide and through the second formed window onto the portion of the silicon layer exposed by such second formed window. The surface of the structure is then masked with windows being formed in such mask over the first and second previously exposed portions of the silicon layer.

Abstract: An electric shaver comprising a housing, a shaving head projecting from an upper end of the housing, a shaving blade having a front shaving edge extending laterally along a front end of the head, a comb having a number of combing teeth arranged laterally side by side and positioned below the front shaving edge of the shaving blade, and an edge cover provided above the shaving blade for abutting against skin when the shaver is in use to regulate, together with the comb, an angle which the edge of the shaving blade makes with respect to the skin. A front edge of the edge cover, the front shaving edge of the shaving blade, and a front end of the comb are aligned substantially on a straight line in a plane perpendicularly cutting the front end of the edge cover, the front shaving edge of the shaving blade and the front end of the comb.

Abstract: A jig saw has a pivotally mounted reciprocating saw blade assembly which is reciprocated by a drive shaft. A pendular stroke device generates an additional feed movement of the saw blade. The pendular stroke device comprises a rod like element reciprocating in a direction substantially parallel to the direction of reciprocation of the saw blade, a rotatable drive element driven by the drive shaft, and a pivotally mounted engagement element against which the saw blade assembly is spring biased. The rod like element is coupled to the rotatable drive element and acts to pivot the engagement element to pivot the saw blade assembly. The pivotal axis of the engagement element is displaceable to change the spacing between the engagement element and the rod like element to determine the degree of or eliminate pivoting of the saw blade assembly. Preferably, the engagement element is pivotally mounted on an eccentric formed on a shaft which has a handle for adjustably rotating the shaft.

Abstract: In a plotter, an elongated strip of plotting paper extends between rolls at opposite ends of a plotting table to receive graphic information from a plotting instrument that is carried over the table by means of a motor controlled carriage. Different segments of the elongated strip are shifted onto the work surface of the table to receive the graphic information by coupling the strip to the plotting carriage and moving the carriage together with the strip across the table in an indexing operation. To prevent distortion of the material and associated positioning errors during the step of indexing, the material being pulled onto the table by the carriage is placed in tension and the material being discharged from the table is maintained substantially tension-free.

Abstract: The amount of flexure of a heating wall of a coke oven is determined during operation of the coke oven by providing an observation hole through the oven roof into a heating flue, the observation hole having an axis. On at least one of the binder walls defining the heating flue is formed a vertical measuring strip extending throughout substantially the entire height of the binder wall at a position to be visible through the observation hole. The measuring strip defines, prior to heating during operation of the coke oven, a rectilinear reference line extending parallel to and spaced from the axis of the observation hole. Upon operation of the coke oven, during which time the heating wall is heated and flexes, the degree of such flexure is determined by measuring through the observation hole the extent of deviation of the measuring strip from the reference line.

Abstract: A trammel assembly consisting of a trammel head and a controllably dimensioned flat scale. This trammel head contains opposite pairs of guide regions for receiving variously sized scales and for tightening these scales in place.