Abstract: In the production of metal- and other strip materials in continuous lengths and in several operations or processing facilities, such strip is wound into coils of finite length after each operation, then transported to the next operation and again welded into one continuous web, coil after coil.In order to avoid this wasteful practice a method and apparatus is disclosed which consists in feeding said strip emerging from one operation, without cutting it, directly into a variable capacity accumulator and feeding it out again from said accumulator into the apparatus of the following operation at the speed that such operation requires.

Abstract: In a method of rolling wide strip starting material, an ingot slab is rolled to the desired wide strip width by having its shorter sides edge-rolled. In order to save time, energy, material and investment capital, the ingot slab has a cross-section tapered towards the shorter sides in a wedge-shaped or curved manner at both edges, and is edge-rolled approximately to the wide strip width desired while filling out the rectangular shape.

Abstract: Apparatus for completing the fabrication of molded electrical junction boxes includes a set of rams for perforating webs remaining in the cable entry ports after the molding process. The rams have cutting edges and are driven along guide rails into the entry ports. A spring loaded plate having teeth or pins contacts the box for aligning the box with the rams.

Abstract: A lead cutting and clinching device includes a housing to which an air cylinder and a cylindrical anvil are secured. A lead cutting and clinching element driven by the air cylinder is rotatably mounted to the anvil and has a cylindrical outer peripheral edge coextensive with the anvil outer surface. A portion of the outer peripheral surface of the lead cutting and clinching element, outer surface of the anvil, and the outer peripheral surface of the housing, in the same angular radial segment having its origin at the axis of rotation of the clinching element are substantially coextensive in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the clinching element. An array of these component lead processing devices may be formed with the circular surfaces in the radial segments contiguous with each other to closely space the lead cutting and clinching elements of the array.

Abstract: A late mask programming process is provided for factory programmed ROMs or logic circuitry. MOS transistors functioning as ROM cells or in logic circuitry are fabricated by a standard MOS Process. Then, a thin stop layer of silicon nitride is provided over the transistors followed by a layer of silicon dioxide. Programming is accomplished by applying a program mask and etching through the layers overlying the gate regions of selected transistors down to the silicon nitride stop layer. The silicon nitride stop layer prevents overetching and shorting of the gates. Then, ions are implanted underneath the gates of the selected MOS transistors to alter their threshold so, for example, as ROM cells they signify a different state than those cells whose transistor gates are not implanted with ions. The silicon nitride layer serves to stop the etch solution but permits the ions to pass through, penetrate the substrate and raise the thresholds of the selected transistors.

Abstract: A brush wear indicator contact and terminal assembly having a high pressure-per-unit contactor that is formed on a first surface of the plate. A conductor for a brush wear indicator circuit is bonded to the contact plate by a high temperature resistant solder or brazing material and the contact plate is bonded to the surface of the dielectric sheet, which electrically isolates the contact from the spring when the spring is in an extended condition. By the method of the invention, a brush wear indicator contact and terminal assembly is made by adhering a sheet of dielectric material to a brush follower spring with a coating of permanently flexible adhesive, and by bonding a conductor for a brush wear indicator circuit to a contact plate having a contactor ridge on one opposite surface thereof.

Abstract: The high speed print pin actuator disclosed herein is constructed as two sub-assemblies, a U-shaped fixed magnet structure and an armature sub-assembly. One leg of the U-shaped structure constitutes a coil core and the other includes a permanent magnet and a keeper plate, the ends of the keeper and the core being finished to a common plane. The armature assembly includes a flux return bridge structure which extends from the keeper to a region adjacent the end of the coil core and which is bifurcated to receive an armature which is selectively attracted to the coil core. The armature is carried on a spring which is, in turn, mounted on the bridge structure. With the spring in a deflected position, the armature is finished to a common surface with the portion of the bridge which mates with the magnet structure. Accordingly, assembly of the armature sub-assembly with the U-shaped fixed magnet structure is facilitated and accurate parallelism of the armature and pole piece is provided.

Abstract: A tube expanding technique for securing a sleeve within a tube whereby fluid pressure is applied via an expander by incrementally decreasing the volume of the fluid system exclusive of the expander, or by incrementally increasing the mass of the fluid within the system. The system pressure and the rate of pressure increase as a function of incremental change in volume, or mass, are monitored. A decrease in the rate is indicative of the onset of plastic expansion of the sleeve or tube, as the case may be. By determining this point, the outer diameter of the tube may be accurately controlled to within six thousandths of an inch. A tube expanding device including a distensible sealed bladder for applying the expanding pressure and containing the system fluid.

Abstract: A terminal strip 10 (see FIG. 7) is assembled by the method and apparatus so that two tiers of pins 11 are forced fitted into blind holes 13 formed in a plastic strip 12. Two tiers of terminal pins are advanced by two rows of pusher rods 41 and 42 from stacks 16 of pins through holes 31 and 32 in a slide bar 28 into passageways 26 and 27 of a loader block 21 so that the leading end of the pins project from the block while the trailing ends are fully seated within the passageway. The slide block 28 is shifted to block the rear end of the passageways 26 and 27. Next, a work holder nest 51 loaded with a plastic strip 12 is moved toward the now held pins 11 to force seat the pins into the blind holes 13. The nest is withdrawn, and cleats 63, 64 and 58 pull the plastic strip 12 to withdraw the pins 11 from the passageway to permit the subsequent removal of the assembled terminal strip 10.

Abstract: The dimensions of the compliant segment of a compliant pin are carefully controlled, so that upon being inserted into a hole in a circuit board the pin fits snug within the hole, but avoids the use of excessive force which could damage the copper sheathing of the hole. Prior to the pin being inserted into the hole, the compliant segment, which comprises a pair of beam members separated by an opening, has a width measured across its widest part that exceeds the maximum acceptable hole diameter by at least 0.005 inch. When inserted into the hole, the beams abut each other and the compliant segment has a width measured across any part thereof which is equal to the minimum acceptable hole diameter within a tolerance of .+-.0.001 inch. This pin is made from a generally flat strip of metal material which is severed to form therein a pair of metal pieces from which the beam members are made.

Abstract: The method for producing a sleeve or ferrule for use in joining together the ends of strands of high tensile strength, single strand wire of any gauge from 12 to 18 gauge.

Abstract: A combined storing and slicing device is provided with a rectangular box-like container having one open shorter side through which a stick of butter or the like is received. A cutting line is held in a taut condition and is mounted for movement between a first rest position at the top of the open side and a second position at the bottom of the open side while traversing the open side. A cover is provided for the open side which retains the line in the second position when the cover is over the open side.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus is described for cutting an opening in beverage cup lids. This is accomplished by providing a housing, with a slot for orienting and maintaining the lid in a proper cutting position. While the lid is properly held, a cutting assembly mounted inside the housing and containing a cutting blade is slid past the slot, excising that portion of the lid exposed therein. When the cut lid is placed on a beverage containing cup, the contents can be consumed directly through the opening produced by this invention.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a tool for cutting wires that have portions embedded in a connector block, the tool comprising an elongated hollow housing in which a plunger is reciprocatingly mounted; the housing includes an anvil at one end thereof which is so shaped as to receive thereon the connector block from which extends one or more wires to be cut; the extremity of the plunger has a wedge-shaped cutting end which may be forced into the connector in the area of a wire so as to effect a cutting of the wire leaving the cut extremity of the wire recessed with respect to the sidewall of the block.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the position of a pressed-ahead hollow-section line, especially with any desired three dimensional curvature, and having measuring points permanently and securely arranged in the hollow-section line. The three dimensional position of the measuring points, e.g. signal emitters, is detected by automatic sensing devices e.g. cameras, having remote control or long-distance transmission, and being arranged in the hollow-section line.

Abstract: A fixed member has angular indicia circumscribing a given area. A first disc is rotatable about an axis at its center and at the center of the angular indicia, and a second disc is rotatably secured to the first disc about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the first disc. Bridging lines on the first disc couple a reference point on the second disc to angular scalar indicia on the fixed member to indicate the relative angular position of the reference point with respect to the axis of rotation of the first disc. Radial displacement indicia on the surface of the first and second discs indicate the relative radial displacement of the reference point from the axis of rotation of the first disc along a radial line through that axis.

Abstract: The expansion of the primary tubes or sleeves of the steam generator of a nuclear reactor plant are measured while the tubes or sleeves are being expanded. A primary tube or sleeve is expanded by high pressure of water which flows through a channel in an expander body. The water is supplied through an elongated conductor and is introduced through a connector on the shank connected to the conductor at its outer end. A wire extends through the mandrel and through the conductor to the end of the connector. At its inner end the wire is connected to a tapered pin which is subject to counteracting forces produced by the pressure of the water. The force on the side where the wire is connected to the conductor is smaller than on the opposite side. The tapered pin is moved in the direction of the higher force and extrudes the wire outwardly of the conductor.

Abstract: A coordinate measuring machine probe of the type including an arrangement for detecting contact with a surface, in which a light source and a plurality of photocells are arranged to generate an electrical signal upon probe pivoting motion by detection changes in light intensity sensed by the photodetectors. A summing circuit measures the total incident illumination of the photocells and controls the light source to maintain the total illumination of the photocells to be constant.

Abstract: An elongated wheeled bench is provided for predetermined aligned positioning beneath a stationary jack stand supported vehicle body to be straightened and includes, supported therefrom at one end, a vertically adjustable horizontally elongated mount extending transversely of the bench. The mount has a light beam generating head mounted thereon for adjustable positioning therealong and also for angular displacement relative thereto about a first axis paralleling the mount and a second axis disposed normal to the first axis. The head is operable to generate a narrow light beam disposed normal to the second axis and scales are provided to indicate angular positioning of the head about the first and second axes and also longitudinal positioning of the head along the mount.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aircraft attitude indicator having a gyro controlled spherical display with delineations of regularly spaced meridians that maintain a vertical orientation and spaced parallels transverse to the meridians, one of which is an equator that divides the sphere into upper and lower hemispheres and corresponds to a horizon. The lower hemisphere has triangular pointer indicia, each symmetrical to a delineated meridian and with a base on a parallel and an apex proximal to the equator. The pointer indicia cooperate with a reference delineation that is relatively fixed with respect to the aircraft and substantially centered on the display. The pointer indicium nearest the reference designates the "up" direction; those adjacent to it provide information about changes in aircraft attitude relative to "up" that will result from possible maneuvers from the existing attitude.

Abstract: A measuring tool including a flat member having the shape of a right triangle and having upper and lower surfaces and a first side and second side which form a right angle at their intersection, a tee affixed along the edge of the first side which is perpendicular to the flat member and extends from both the upper and lower surfaces of the flat member, a first slot extending along the first side and running approximately parallel to the first side, a first stop bolt slidably affixable in the first slot, a second slot extending along the second side and running approximately parallel to the second side; a layout bar having a thickness equal to that of the extension of the tee from the surface of the flat member, the layout bar having a fastening slot perpendicular to the second slot and being alignable with the second slot; the layout bar having a recessed channel running along its length, and a second stop bolt slidably affixable in the recessed channel so that the tee and the layout bar when affixed to the f

Abstract: A drawing board for use with dry transfer materials is described. The board has a track along one edge and a paper clamp along an adjacent edge. The track bears a bar parallel to the paper clamp which in turn bears a carriage to which a dry transfer sheet can be affixed. The carriage may be racked up and down to bring an appropriate line of dry transfer letters over an appropriate place on a piece of paper held in the paper clamp. The carriage may be provided with a mechanism for holding it firm and then moving the dry transfer sheet clamp slightly. This mechanism enables words to be built up and which the letters are evenly spaced easily and quickly.

Abstract: An angle-measuring instrument which includes two arms, which are interconnected in such a way that they can be pivoted about a common shaft, and an indicator for the angle of spread of the two arms. The shaft is rigidly connected with one of the arms, and drives the drive gear of a transmission gearing which is arranged in the at least partially hollow second arm. As a function of the angular position of the two arms relative to one another, the transmission gearing moves the indicator, which is also disposed in the hollow second arm, and in the indicating region of which a viewing window is arranged in the hollow second arm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of microwave drying of ammonium perchlorate grinding pheres. A preferred embodiment of the method employs a tunnel oven in combination with a microwave generator having an appropriate power supply. The tunnel oven receives microwave energy through transmission ducts in communication with a channeling device to distribute microwave energy over the grinding spheres to be dried. A preheated air supply facilitates moisture removal from the tunnel oven after the moisture adhered or occluded to the grinding spheres' surfaces is evaporated from the grinding spheres as a result of molecular vibrations of the water molecules after they absorb the microwave energy. A predetermined microwave frequency range and a predetermined drying time are employed to more efficiently remove adhered or occluded moisture from carbide grinding spheres as compared to conventional convection drying.

Abstract: An energy efficient apparatus and method for the continuous heat treatment of a carpet yarn or the like is disclosed, and which includes a conveyor extending through a heat treatment chamber, and with the conveyor comprising a number of endless belts which are adapted to support the yarn in downwardly hanging relaxed helically arranged loops. The lower portions of the loops are supportingly lifted during movement through each of the entrance and exit openings of the chamber, which permits the dimensions of the openings in the chamber to be minimized and thereby reduce heat loss therethrough.

Abstract: A vertical container holds and treats particulate material, such as comminuted cellulosic fibrous material like wood chips. The container includes a vertical interior wall, an open top, and a discharge outlet at the bottom. A top interior wall structure directs particulate material to a first false bottom concentric with it. The first false bottom is mounted for oscillation with respect to the vertical container and discharges particulate material through a discharge opening in the generally conical bottom thereof into a second false bottom structure. The second false bottom structure also includes a generally conical bottom with a discharge opening, and is also mounted for oscillation with respect to the container. Steam is preferably introduced into the second false bottom to effect steaming of the particulate material within it, and the container is held at super-atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: In a method of and apparatus for the heat-treatment of a continuous web, more particularly the drying of a paper web, infra-red heat elements are arranged adjacent the web, and the web is transferred from a drying cylinder to a roll forming station with a drying unit situated above the web path and a movable roller below the same. When proper operating conditions are reached, the movable roller is elevated into the drying unit and past the infra-red heat elements. A bottom portion of the drying unit depends from the movable roller or parts connected therewith.

Abstract: Cylinder dryer for a paper machine comprising a plurality of drying cylinders (10,20). The paper web and its lead strip are conducted between said cylinders (10,20) supported by a fabric (11). For guiding through the cylinder dryer the lead strip (L) having a width of a smaller order of magnitude than the normal width of the web (W), an air blowing means has been arranged adjacent to the drying cylinder and the free draws thereinbetween. Said air blowing means urges the web lead strip against the surface of the supporting fabric (11) or the cylinder. Said blowing means has substantially the same width as the lead strip and it carries a plurality of nozzles holes (14), through which air jets (F.sub.1,F.sub.2) are directed against the web. The covering angle of said air blowing means substantially equals that angle (.beta.) on which the web supporting fabric (11) and the web (W) on its outside change direction.

Abstract: An inner sole with a cushioning layer of polyurethane foam, with compression set less than 10%, laminated to a thinner layer of thermoformable polyethylene foam, which serves primarily as a vehicle for shaping the polyurethane.

Abstract: A dancing tap comprising three elements arranged in such a way as to require no external apparatus for assembly. There is recited a first plate-like body having a central through bore and multiple recesses on its first and second faces, a second plate-like body received by the central through bore of the first plate-like body and containing multiple protrusions, a sound spring equipped with a dimple that mates with a protrusion on the second face of the second plate-like body. The protrusion of the second plate-like body hitting the periphery of the dimple on the sound spring produces a novel tapping sound.

Abstract: A ski boot including a substantially rigid outer shell and a flexible inner boot, the inner boot having a tightening strap wrapped around it for tightening the inner boot's rear, arch, instep and ankle portions against the skier's foot. The inner boot has a guide loop at the rear portion and a first fastening device on the ankle portion. A secondary strap, carrying a guide ring at its end adjacent the instep portion, is connected to the tightening strap or the boot itself. The tightening strap is connected at one end to the arch portion of the boot and, after tightening, is fastened, via a second fastening device, to the first fastening device on the boot. From the connection at the arch portion, the tightening strap extends rearwardly, through the guide loop, forwardly around the ankle portion, through the guide ring and then doubles back rearwardly where the fastening devices are connected.

Abstract: A tillage tool for forming an underground tunnel communicating with the surface by a narrow slot while effecting minimal surface tillage of the soil, the tool including a vertically extending shank plate having a lower edge joined to an elongated cylindrical mounting bar. A slotted forward cylindrical sleeve is demountably telescoped over the forward end of the mounting bar and receives the shank plate in a slot formed therein. The forward end of the cylindrical sleeve has a hardened wear plate secured thereto and positioned so that the wear plate lies in a plane extending at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the forward cylindrical sleeve. A rear cylindrical sleeve having a diameter equal to the forward cylindrical sleeve is demountably telescoped over the rear end of the mounting bar and has an end which abuts a rear end of the slotted forward cylindrical sleeve. A sharp edged slicer bar is detachably secured to the forward or leading edge of the shank plate.

Abstract: An improved label is disclosed comprising two semi-rigid cards connected to each other by means of a thin flexible member. Each of the cards has an adhesive portion covered by a release paper and a non-adhesive portion. One end of the flexible member is attached to a respective non-adhesive portion to thereby connect the cards. The adhesive portion and the non-adhesive portion of each card are separable from each other along a perforation which facilitates the disconnection of the cards when desired.The present invention finds particular application and advantage with laboratory specimen containers. In use, one card is adhesively secured to identifying material, such as a pad of laboratory order slips, and the other card is adhesively secured to a specimen container. The identifying material is thus mechanically attached to the container though in spaced relation thereto by virtue of the flexible interconnecting member.

Abstract: A grip and folding stock assembly mounted and arranged on a compact gun for facilitating use of the gun in various firing positions. The grip and folding stock assembly is employed with a weapon that generally has an elongated receiver. An L-shaped bracket has one end secured to the distal end of a pistol grip emanating from the undersurface of the receiver, and the other end secured to the undersurface of the rearward end of the receiver. Mounted in this way, the bracket defines a forearm receiving portion for stabilizing the gun while firing. A folding stock is pivotally mounted to the rearward end of the receiver of the weapon. The stock is operative between two extreme positions. In a first position, the stock is folded and brought into close proximity to the pistol grip. In a second position, the stock is placed into a position suitable for shoulder firing.

Abstract: A simple, readily adjustable, mechanism for releasably connecting a fishing line to a member such as an outrigger, downrigger or side planer tow line. The release mechanism includes a body selectively secured to such member. A pair of elements, at least one of which is resilient, is associated with the body. The elements are adjustably urged into intimate contact. A fishing line, receivably held between the elements, is released by exertion of a preselected tension on such line when a fish is hooked.

Abstract: The present invention provides a container assembly for receiving fishing minnows and the like. The assembly comprises an outer bucket, a removeable lid for sealing the bucket, a handle for carrying the bucket and a strainer basket for fitting inside the bucket. The strainer basket has a pair of handle portions which are detachable from one another and which can be moved to an out of the way position for gaining access into the basket.

Abstract: A fishing tackle organizer provides a visible and orderly display of fishing lures such as spinners and snells, which include a short fishing line having a hook at one end and an attachment loop at the other end. The organizer includes a pair of brackets which are mounted to the boat, a compartment for containing fishing accessories, a pair of shafts which are attached to opposite ends of the compartment, and a plurality of plates which are arranged in spaced apart parallel relation on the shafts. The ends of the shafts are rotatably supported by the brackets, so that the organizer can be rotated about an axis defined by the shafts. The hook end of the lure is connected to one of the plates, and the attachment loop end is connected through a bias spring to another plate. The bias spring applies a bias force which maintains the lure under tension, so that it is stored in a taut, elongated condition.

Abstract: An animal trap and ball detent trigger means therefor is disclosed. The trap is of shaft and block construction with the cable carrying block spring biased toward one end of the shaft. The shaft is longitudinally bored at one end thereof with a transverse bore intersecting the longitudinal bore for receiving ball bearings to be used for detaining the cable carrying block in a set position against a spring bias. A plunger extends into the longitudinal bore for reciprocating between a position holding the ball bearings in a block detaining position and a position in which the ball bearings may be forced inwardly into the shaft to release the block. The plunger and a trigger member are spring biased in a home set position. The trigger member has a conically shaped end which rests in a correspondingly conically shaped trigger block with one end of the plunger in spring bias contact therewith.

Abstract: A new apparatus and system for the systematic application of liquid chemicals to plants is disclosed. A soft woven nylon rope wick is used to convey chemical solution from a reservoir by means of capillary action. The rope apparatus, which is physically supported, is leveled and positioned to selectively contact certain plants as the wick is moved across an agricultural field. Thus chemical solution is deposited selectively only on contact with the wick.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted machine for preventing frost damage to growing crops comprises an upright shell that defines a plenum chamber, having an upwardly opening air inlet in its top and having plural rearwardly extending tubular heating chambers opening from its bottom portion. A fan coaxially mounted in the front of each heating chamber draws air from the plenum chamber and propels it across a propane burner that is coaxially mounted in the heating chamber behind the fan. Discharged air, mixed with combustion gases from the burner, has a temperature of about 45.degree. F. and is emitted rearwardly downwardly and obliquely to both sides of the machine to mix with cold surface air. A field or grove protected by the machine is divided into a grid of equal-area zones, each having a high pole atop which there is a light that is turned on when a sensor near ground level detects a temperature above but near freezing. The machine moves to where it is needed, as indicated by lighting of the lights.

Abstract: The machine is coupled to a standard tractor, and normally slides over the ground on a skid plate as the vehicle moves forward. A film roll is supported on the machine in a position to be unwound, and the film is progressively deposited on the ground behind the skid plate. Groove-forming structure under the skid plate are disposed centrally inward from the edges of the film roll, and following wheels depress the edges of the film into the groove. Scraper plates then move earth into the grooves, entrapping the edges of the film.

Abstract: Cases for propagating plants are positionable on supports adjacent a rotating vertical column. Light sources on the vertical column rotate over the plants in the propagating cases so as to provide even illumination. The vertical column is hollow and includes a blower for withdrawing heated air from adjacent the propagating cases. The support structures on which the propagating cases are positioned have rows of holes through which rollers can extend. The rollers are mounted on tracks which can be tilted so that the cases will roll by gravity either toward or away from the column for installing or removing the propagating cases. The light sources are removable from the column and can be selectively removed for varying the distance between the propagating cases and the plants as the plants grow.

Abstract: A single substantially dominant genetic factor which confers an extra leaf phenotype in corn plants provides for the enhanced production of corn in such plants.Seed corn bearing the genetic factor Lfy (Inbred 101Lfy/Lfy) was deposited at the National Seed Storage Laboratory, Fort Collins, Colo. in March, 1983, and granted laboratory serial no. 174,429 ZM 10235.

Abstract: Plants are hydroponically grown on rafts that float on an aqueous nutrient medium. The rafts have arrays of openings that extend from their upper surface to their lower surface for receiving plant-containing collars that dip into the aqueous medium.To provide efficient plant thinning without plant destruction, a fraction of the openings of the array of each raft is filled directly with plant-containing collars and the remaining plant collars are placed in a grid that overlies the raft and has openings aligned with a fraction of the openings of the array.

Abstract: A louver type shutter for ventilation systems has hollow flaps which are pivotally mounted in a frame. Seals made from a foamed sheet material are located between the flaps and the frame and the front edges of the flaps are pressed directly into the foam sheet.

Abstract: There is disclosed a door framing system for a barn door or the like wherein a plurality of horizontal and vertical frame members are joined together to define a generally rectilinear frame structure. All of the frame members are fabricated from sustantially U-shaped channel members of similar cross-section, such that they may be cut from stock material of said U-shaped cross-section. Corner joining brackets are employed which include a pair of transversely disposed base sections, with spaced side flanges extending from each said base section to provide a U-shaped surface configuration which will embrace the outer side faces of the frame members. The brackets including clamping means for coupling the brackets to the respective frame members.

Abstract: A weather-tight seal for the sill of a household door, consisting of two extrusions preferably of a plastic material that is a poor conductor of heat, insuring great imperviousness due to the automatic adjustment of the bottom portion of the door, which is freely mounted, relative to the door sill. A horizontal flange enters into a bevelled and felted groove to guide the freely floating bottom edge of the door panel while, at the same time, a weather strip between the bottom of the door and the sill insures perfect imperviousness.

Abstract: A mechanical grinding device is provided for preparing very thin specimens such as transmission electron microscopy specimens. The specimens are held on the end of a long rod which is pressed against a spherical tool by the weight of the rod. The opposite end of the rod extends through a hole in a pivot plate which is spaced above the tool. The tool is mounted on a tool holder which is eccentrically positioned on a rotating base by a pivot. As the base rotates, the tool holder moves and a concave surface is ground in the specimen, thus thinning it.

Abstract: A honing, superfinishing or superfinished grinding system utilizes a tool rotatable about an axis for superfinishing a surface of a thin wall workpiece whose other surface is directly contacted by a coolant to remove heat directly opposite the machining surface and thereby prevent distortion.

Abstract: A device for setting the position of a workpiece relative to the endless abrasive belt of an abrasive grinding machine. The device employs a first sensor that can be extended to engage and sense the position of the endless abrasive belt when it is at rest. The device also utilizes a second sensor that can be moved to a position of engagement with the workpiece when it is at rest on a workpiece conveyor. The first and second sensors are constructed and arranged so that the position of one is mechanically related to the position of the other. A movable indicator senses the position of one of the first and second sensors and indicates such position relative to a reference position. The workpiece conveyor can be raised or lowered until the indicator is in the reference position, at which point the distance between the second sensor and the workpiece conveyor corresponds to the distance between the grinding portion of the endless abrasive belt and the workpiece conveyor.